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View over Gustav Adolfs torg, square named after Gustavus Adolphus, the founding
father of Gothenburg
History[edit]
Further information: History of Gothenburg and Timeline of Gothenburg
A panorama of central Gothenburg taken from Keillers park, facing south from left
to right: Gta lvbron, Lilla Bommen, Viking, The Gteborg Opera in front of
Gteborgshjulet, Skansen Kronan, Oscar Fredrik Church, Masthugg Church, and
lvsborg Bridge
Climate[edit]
Gothenburg has an oceanic climate[39] according to Kppen climate classification.
Despite its northern latitude, temperatures are quite mild throughout the year and
warmer than places in similar latitude, for example Stockholm, or even somewhat
further south, mainly because of the moderating influence of the warm Gulf Stream.
[33] During the summer, daylight extends 18 hours and 5 minutes, but lasts 6 hours
and 32 minutes in late December. The climate has become significantly milder in
later decades, particularly in summer and winter; July temperatures used to be
below Stockholm's 19611990 averages, but have since been warmer than that
benchmark.
Summers are warm and pleasant with average high temperatures of 19 to 20 C (66 to
68 F) and lows of 10 to 12 C (50 to 54 F), but temperatures of 2530 C (7786
F) occur on many days during the summer. Winters are cold and windy with
temperatures of around -3 to 3 C (27 to 37 F), though it rarely drops below -15
C (5 F). Precipitation is regular but generally moderate throughout the year.
Snow mainly occurs from December to March, but is not unusual in November and April
and can sometimes occur even in October and May, in extreme cases even in
September.[40]
[hide]Climate data for Gothenburg, 20022015; precipitation 19611990; extremes
since 1901
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high C (F) 10.8
(51.4) 11.2
(52.2) 18.9
(66) 28.5
(83.3) 29.8
(85.6) 32.0
(89.6) 33.8
(92.8) 33.5
(92.3) 28.5
(83.3) 20.7
(69.3) 14.5
(58.1) 12.7
(54.9) 33.8
(92.8)
Average high C (F) 2.5
(36.5) 2.8
(37) 6.6
(43.9) 12.5
(54.5) 16.8
(62.2) 19.9
(67.8) 22.7
(72.9) 21.9
(71.4) 18.0
(64.4) 12.0
(53.6) 7.7
(45.9) 4.2
(39.6) 12.3
(54.1)
Daily mean C (F) 0.3
(32.5) 0.4
(32.7) 3.1
(37.6) 8.1
(46.6) 12.6
(54.7) 15.9
(60.6) 18.8
(65.8) 18.5
(65.3) 14.4
(57.9) 9.1
(48.4) 5.5
(41.9) 2.0
(35.6) 9.0
(48.2)
Average low C (F) -1.9
(28.6) -1.9
(28.6) -0.3
(31.5) 3.7
(38.7) 8.3
(46.9) 11.8
(53.2) 14.8
(58.6) 14.2
(57.6) 10.7
(51.3) 6.1
(43) 3.2
(37.8) -0.1
(31.8) 5.7
(42.3)
Record low C (F) -26.0
(-14.8) -22.8
(-9) -19.2
(-2.6) -11.0
(12.2) -4.3
(24.3) 1.8
(35.2) 5.3
(41.5) 3.5
(38.3) -2.5
(27.5) -8.5
(16.7) -13.5
(7.7) -21.9
(-7.4) -26.0
(-14.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 68
(2.68) 41
(1.61) 54
(2.13) 42
(1.65) 48
(1.89) 59
(2.32) 72
(2.83) 74
(2.91) 84
(3.31) 87
(3.43) 87
(3.43) 75
(2.95) 791
(31.14)
Average precipitation days 15 12 10 12 10 12 14 14 16
15 16 17 163
Mean monthly sunshine hours 45 68 163 211 238 253 232 200 167
100 46 33 1,756
Source #1: [41]
Source #2: [42]
Parks and nature[edit]
Many buildings in the old part of the city were built along canals.
Very few houses are left from the 17th century when the city was founded, since all
but the military and royal houses were built of wood.[52] A rare exception is the
Skansen Kronan.[53]
The first major architecturally interesting period is the 18th century when the
East India Company made Gothenburg an important trade city. Imposing stone houses
in Neo-Classical style were erected around the canals. One example from this period
is the East India House, which today houses the Gteborg City Museum.[54]
In the 19th century, the wealthy bourgeoisie began to move outside the city walls
which had protected the city. The style now was an eclectic, academic, somewhat
overdecorated style which the middle-class favoured. The working class lived in the
overcrowded city district Haga in wooden houses.[55]
In the 19th century, the first comprehensive town plan after the founding of city
was created, which led to the construction of the main street, Kungsportsavenyen.
[56] Perhaps the most significant type of houses of the city, Landshvdingehusen,
were built in the end of the 19th century three-storey houses with the first
floor in stone and the other two in wood.[57]
The early 20th century, characterized by the National Romantic style, was rich in
architectural achievements.[55] Masthugg Church is a noted example of the style of
this period.[58][59] In the early 1920s, on the city's 300th anniversary, the
Gtaplatsen square with its Neoclassical look was built.[55]
After this, the predominant style in Gothenburg and rest of Sweden was
Functionalism which especially dominated the suburbs such as Vstra Frlunda and
Bergsjn. The Swedish functionalist architect Uno hrn served as city planner from
1932 through 1943.[55] In the 1950s, the big stadium Ullevi was built when Sweden
hosted the 1958 FIFA World Cup.[60]
The modern architecture of the city has been formed by such architects as Gert
Wingrdh,[61] who started as a Post-modernist in the 1980s.[62]
Gustaf Adolf Square is a town square located in central Gothenburg. Noted buildings
on the square include Gothenburg City Hall (formerly the stock exchange, opened in
1849) and the Nordic Classicism law court. The main canal of Gothenburg also flanks
the square.[55]
Characteristic buildings[edit]
Skanskaskrapan
The Gothenburg Central Station is in the centre of the city, next to Nordstan and
Drottningtorget.[63] The building has been renovated and expanded numerous times
since the grand opening in October 1858. In 2003, a major reconstruction was
finished which brought the 19th-century building into the 21st century expanding
the capacity for trains, travellers, and shopping.[64] Not far from the central
station is the Skanskaskrapan, or more commonly known as "The Lipstick". It is 86 m
(282 ft) high with 22 floors and coloured in red-white stripes. The skyscraper was
designed by Ralph Erskine and built by Skanska in the late 1980s as the
headquarters for the company.[65]
By the shore of the Gta lv at Lilla Bommen is The Gteborg Opera. It was
completed in 1994. The architect Jan Izikowitz was inspired by the landscape and
described his vision as "Something that makes your mind float over the squiggling
landscape like the wings of a seagull."[66]
Feskekrka
Feskekrka, or Fiskhallen, is an indoor fishmarket by the Rosenlundskanalen in
central Gothenburg. Feskekrkan was opened on 1 November 1874 and its name from the
building's resemblance to a Gothic church.[67] The Gothenburg city hall is in the
Beaux-Arts architectural style. The Gothenburg Synagogue at Stora Nygatan, near
Drottningtorget, was built in 1855 according to the designs of the German architect
August Krger.[68]
The Gunnebo House is a country house located to the south of Gothenburg, in
Mlndal. It was built in a neoclassical architecture towards the end of the 18th
century.[69] Created in the early 1900s was the Vasa Church. It is located in
Vasastan and is built of granite in a neo-Romanesque style.[70]
Another noted construction is Brudaremossen TV Tower, one of the few partially
guyed towers in the world.[71]
Culture[edit]
Discussion by Nanna Ullman (1957) in front of the Swedish Exhibition and Congress
Centre
The annual Gothenburg Film Festival, is the largest film festival in Scandinavia.
[90] The Gothenburg Book Fair, held each year in September.[91]
The International Science Festival in Gothenburg is an annual festival since April
1997, in central Gothenburg with thought-provoking science activities for the
public. The festival is visited by about 100,000 people each year.[92] This makes
it the largest popular-science event in Sweden[93] and one of the leading popular-
science events in Europe.[94]
Citing the financial crisis, the International Federation of Library Associations
and Institutions moved the 2010 World Library and Information Congress, previously
to be held in Brisbane, Australia, to Gothenburg. The event took place on 1015
August 2010.[95]
Music[edit]
Further information: List of bands from Gothenburg
Gothenburg's trams
With over 80 km (50 mi) of double track, the Gothenburg tram network covers most of
the city and it is the largest tram/light rail network in Scandinavia. The bus
network, however, is almost as important. There are also some boat and ferry
services. The lack of a subway is due to the soft ground on which Gothenburg is
situated. Tunneling is very expensive in such conditions.[176] A commuter rail in
Gothenburg services some nearby cities and towns.[177]
Rail and intercity bus[edit]
Other major transportation hubs are Centralstationen (Gothenburg Central Station)
and the Nils Ericson Terminal with trains and buses to various destinations in
Sweden, as well as connections to Oslo and Copenhagen (via Malm).[178]
Air[edit]
Gothenburg is located in Vstra Gtaland Gothenburg GOTGOT GSEGSE
Map showing the locations of airports around Gothenburg
There is one operational international airport in Gothenburg: Gteborg Landvetter
Airport (IATA: GOT, ICAO: ESGG) is located 20 km (12 mi) east of Gothenburg, and is
the largest international airport serving the Gothenburg region in Sweden. With 4.9
million passengers in 2011, it is Sweden's second-largest airport.[179] It is
operated by the Swedish Civil Aviation Administration. It has connections with
about 40 scheduled destinations.[180]
Gteborg City Airport (IATA: GSE, ICAO: ESGP) is closed. On 13 January 2015,
Swedish airport operator Swedavia announced that Gteborg City Airport will not
reopen for commercial services following an extensive rebuild of the airport
started in November 2014, citing that the cost of making the airport viable for
commercial operations again was too high, at 250 million kronor ($31 million).
Commercial operations will be gradually wound down.[181] The airport was located 10
km (6 mi) northwest of the city centre. It was formerly known as Sve Flygplats. It
is located within the borders of Gothenburg Municipality. In addition to commercial
airlines, the airport was also operated by a number of rescue services, including
the Swedish Coast Guard, and was used for other general aviation.[182] Most civil
air traffic to Gteborg City Airport was via low-cost airlines such as Ryanair and
Wizz Air. Those companies have now been relocated to Landvetter Airport.[183]
Sea[edit]
Gothenburg harbour seen from the lvsborg bridge, seen to the left is the ship HSS
Stena Carisma and to the right MS Stena Scandinavica (1983).
The Swedish company Stena Line operates between Gothenburg/Frederikshavn in Denmark
and Gothenburg/Kiel in Germany.[184]
The "England ferry" (Englandsfrjan) to Newcastle over Kristiansand (run by the
Danish company DFDS Seaways) ceased at the end of October 2006,[185] after being a
Gothenburg institution since the 19th century.[186] DFDS Seaways' sister company,
DFDS Tor Line, continues to run scheduled cargo ships between Gothenburg and
several English ports, and these used to have limited capacity for passengers and
their private vehicles. Also freight ships to North America and East Asia leave
from the port.[187]
Freight[edit]
Gothenburg is an intermodal logistics hub and Gothenburg harbour has access to
Sweden and Norway via rail and trucks. Gothenburg harbour is the largest port in
Scandinavia with a cargo turnover of 36.9 million tonnes per year in 2004.[188]
Notable people[edit]
Main article: List of people connected to Gothenburg