( ( (

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Selected Radioactive Isotopes

Table of Selected Radioactive Isotopes Naturally occurring

number
dicates
radioactive
in blue (although
an isomer
isotopes are designated
some are also rnanutactueeo).
01 anomer isotope
Letter m in-
of the same mass number
by a mass

, P5_3 "ilr Half-lives follow in parentheses, where e. min. h. d, and y stand re-

..
m 67 (6L88hllr .,Sb 124 (W.20d)/r w 181 1140~EC .,Po 231 p.26J<.10'l1o
,H 3 1l2.26yl/r ",In 65 [2M.ldiP+,E( 125 (2.7)'!P- 185 (7S.1diP- ..,u 233 (L59x IOJrlo spectivefyforseconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. The table
7 (53.3diEC .,Go 67 {78.2hlEC 121m(154d!rr 188 [69djll- 23< /2.44><10'ylex includes mainly the longer-lived radioactive isotopes; many curers
10 1'.6~ IO'yl Il- 72 (l4,IOh1P- 123m(119.7d)IT ,.lIe 167 (5~ IO'ylP- 235 17.04~ IO"yla have been prepared. Isotopes known to be radioactive but wilh
GROUP l' 12040m"ip+
14 (5730Yllr
.,Ge
:uAs
68
73
(275dlEC
(80.3d)EC >.>1
117m(I09d)fT
129 (1(nlO\ilf"
,.Os 194 (6.0)'1 p-
mr 192 (74.2diP-,P+.EC
236
aaa
/2.34)( IO'\'io.
(4.7~ 10y!0.
halt-fives exceeding lO'~ y have not been included. Symbols de-
scribing Ihe principal mode (or modes) of decay are as follows
1/IA 18 1l09_B~r 74 [17.9d)P-,jl",K 131 (8040dl/r rtAu 195 (163~EC .,N:p236 (llxlO'yjEC Ir (theseprocessesaregenerallyaccompaniedbygammaradialion)' 18NIII
uNo 22 [2.602ylP,EC 75 [118.5d)P- .Xe 133 15.25d)P- 196 [6.18dJP",(,P- f2:'4x 10'yla'
[I5.02,*P- "'" (6.5xIO'yl/T !9.IOhjp- '" alpha particle emission
1.00794
" ."
79 135 19' (2.696d)P-
...p,.
2J9 f2.346dJp-
"
rr beta particle (electron) emission 4.00260

He
1 "Mg 28 [20.9hItr 82 [35.34hIP- "Cs 13~ (Hl6yj/T 199 [3.15dJf1- 238 [8715ylo 2
1,-1 26 [7.2x IO'ylf3~,EC (2.1x lO'ylEC 135 (2.9xlOyl~ oHg 203 [46.8d)P- p+ positron emission
20.28
"AI "'"
" n
239 (2.41 x 10'ylo.
216

H
P 32 II4.26d)p- 85 (lO.72ylfr 137 pO.17ylP- (3.77yjtr /6.54xlO'y)a EC orbital electron capture
2" 4.
13.81 s 35 (87.2d) {r .Rb 86 [l8.7djP- Sa UO 112.80')p- ""
202 [3xlO'ylEC (3.8" 10'ylo: IT isomerictransilion from upper to lower isomeric state 0.95
'"
"Pb
"a 36 13.01x IO'ylP- 87 [4.8xl0"ylP- 17W 137 (6x 10'I1K 205 [h 10'ylEC 2M [8.3x 10'yja S, spontaneous fission al26atm
0.0899 t
36 (37.2m~p- .s, 90 {28.8y1P- tan [40.3hjP- 210 (22.3ylfF,a 0.1785t
", Am 241 j432yla

Hydrogen 2/11A "k

"K
37 (35.Q2d]K
39 1265}'ltr
'0 (L28x 10'ylEC
112.36I1P-
.Y

." 9)
95
94
sa (I06.6dl/l",EC
11.5x lO'ylP-
{MOdjP-
{2.0xIO'}'lP-
uCc
Pr
",Nd
142
147
.,Pm 145
1M (2B.<ld){r
119.1hlP-
(11.1d)p-
(18ylEC
.,Bi 207 (38ylEC
206 (3.7xlO'}'lEC
210 (5.Old)r,o
2!Om{3x 10"yla
em
,..
2<1
2t;2
17.37xIO'y)1l
!!63.2d)1l
(18.12ylo
{1.55x 10'110
13/111B 14/1VB 1SNB 16NIB 17NIIB
tsa
Helium

"'" '"
.,Nb

3
(6.941)
1 4
9.012182
2
.eo
,,"
(165d)p-
ao 183.80d)P- .,Mo
95
99
(35.15d)jJ
(66.02hl/r .,Sm
I"
146
(2.62yjP-
p , lO'yja
..... "" (2.90ylll
20> [I02yla
2"
8k2A7
(3.5x 10'yJ c, Sf
(lAx 10'yjll
5
10.811
3 6
12.0107
4,2 7
14.0067
3,5,4,2 8
15.9994
2,1 9
18.99840
1
10 20.1797

.J, 97 4675

e
1615 2744 4275 77.344 90.2 85.0

0
"c, 51 (27.70d)EC {2.6xI0yJEC 151 (93yjp- 210 (138.38d]0: CJ 2A9 (35lylo 27.07N
54.4
453.7 1560 ,,1M 53 (2xI0"I1EC
(313.0d)EC
911
99 ~:~;~~~rJlp-:' .,Eu 152
(13yJP"',EC,p-
(8.5yI P-
uAI 20> (5.4I1EC,a
210 (El.1hjEC
251 !'lOOn- 2348 3915 63.15 53.55 24.56
0.534
[He]2s1
Li 1.85 Be
[He]2s2 .Fe
"
56 (2.578h1lr
ss (44.6d]{r
..." 106
Rh 101
(367d) (j-
{3.3yJEC 1b
'"
Gel 150 (2.1 x W'yla
158 !1.2~ 10'ylEC,lr Rn222
211 (7.2IhjK,0
(3.824dJa
ooE5 252
253
2"
W2d)a
f20.AldJa
f276dJo
2.37
[He]2s22p1
B 2.26 C
[He]2s22p2
1.251t
[He]2s22p3
N 1.429t
[He]2s22p4
1.696t
[He]2s22pS
F 0.900t
[He]2s22pO
Lithium Beryllium ,,<- 56 (78.8d)P+,EC Pel 103 (170d1EC 160 (72.3dJP- .,f.212 {19.311"1i1i
EC.a \oofm255 (20.1hja Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
57 (270djEC 107 [7xlO"y\ P- .,Ho 166mll.2x 10'yJ tr 221 [I5minlr 257 (IOO5dJo
58 (71.3d]p.,EC Ag 108 [127ylEC Tm 170 1128.6d)iJ- 22J (21.811"1i1iP- ,o,Md258 {55d)a
32.065 35.453 39.948
1122.98~770 12 24.;050 60 15272Ylr 110 f252d]p- 171 {l.92)jtr uRa 226 [L60x 10'yl a \00""0259 {58",.,0: 1326.98;538 14 28.~,~55 1530_9::~~

a
16 6,:1:2,4, 17 :t1,7.5,3 18

9
uN. 57 (36.0h!P+,EC III (7.45~/r ",Yb 169 [32.00')EC Ac 227 (2I.77I1P- ,o..d.r260 p.O monj 0

." ..cd 3538 553 717.75

109 [453d)EC (4.19d)p- Th228
"'<-
r
1156.1N 1363M [8xlO'I1K 175 (1.913\1'" ,.Rf261 87.8 A
6) 11~ (A9.51djlT 2792 AI 239.11 CI
(92YlP- ..In "Lu 176 [3.7><10'yjp- 230 ,Db262 14040 933.5 1687 317.3 388.36 171.65 83.8
371.0
0.971
923
1.74 """ (12.70hlP-, p ". EC ,.,s,., 121 (76ylp- "To 182 (115.0d)/l- 232 ~~:;;~~~rl~
a ,ooSg263 p.9~0: 2.6989 2.33 5i 1.82 P 2.07 5 3.214t 1.784t
[Ne]3s2 9 [Ne]3s23pt [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Nej3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 {Ne]3s23p6
[Ne]3s'
Sodium Magnesium 3/11IA 4/1VA SNA 6NIA 7NIIA 8 .---- VIIIA-----, 10 11/1B 12/11B Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon

28586i;4 33
Zn
19 39.~983 40.078 2144.95,591 47.867 51.996 55.845 63.546 65.409 69.723 72.64 78.96 79.904 83.80
27 58.~:;2

e
74';i~6

n
20 2 22 4,3,2 23 5:~1:2 24 3,6,2 25 5~;,~~?7 26 3,2,6 29 2,1 30 2 31 1,3 32 4 34 4,6,-2 35 t,7,5,3 36 0,2
1033
336.8
0.862 K
1757
1115
1.55 Ca
3109
1814
2.99 5c
3560
1941
4.54 Ti
3680
2183
6.11 V
2945
2180
7.19 Cr
2234M
1519
7.44
3134
1811
7.874 Fe
3200
1768
8.90 Co
3186
1728
8.90 Ni
2835
1357.8
8.96
C
U 1180
692.66
7.13
2477
302.91
6.095
G

a 3106 G
1211.4
5.32
876'-'A
,l1~';;,
5.73
5 958
494
4.79 5e
331.95
265.95
3.12 Br
119,93
115.8
3.73t Kr
[Ar]4s' [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d'4s2 {Ar]3d24s2 [Ar)3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar}3d54s2 [Ar)3d74s2 [Ar]3de4s2 [Arj3d'04s' [Arj3d'04s2 [Ar]3d'04s24pl [Ar]3d104s24p2 [Ar]3d104s24p3 [Ar]3d'04s24p4 {Ar]3d104s24p5 [Ar]3d104s24p6
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

101.07 106.42
50 1181.~0 121.760 127.60

.Xie
37 85.4~78 87.62 39 88.9~59 91.224 95.94 (98) 451 02.92?;'~0 47107.8,682 112.41 114.82 131.29
4192.90;,~,~ 53126.;~~:;7

n
52 54

9
38 2 40 4 42 6,5,4,3,2 43 7,5,4 44 2,3,4,6,8 46 2,4 48 2 49 3 51 t3,5 4,6,-2 0,2,4,6,8
1655 3618 4682 5017 4538 3968 3236 2345 1261 457.51
4912M 4423 R 2435 A 2875 5 165.11
312.46
961
1.532
[Kr)Ssl
Rb 1050
2.54 5r
[Kr)Ss2
1795
4.47
{Kr]4d15s2
V
2128
6.51
[Kr)4d2Ss2
Zr
2730
8.57 Nb
[Kr]4d4Ssl
2896
10.22
{Kr]4d5Ss'
0 2430
11.5"
[Krj4d55s2
2607
12.37
[Kr]4d7Ss'
U
2237
12.41
[Kr]4d6Ss'
Rh
1828
12.0 Pd
[Kr]4d'O
1234.93
10.50
[Kr]4d105s'
10'0
594.22
8.65
Cd

[Kr]4d15s2
429.75
7.31 In
[Kr)4dlOSs2Spl
505.08
7.31
[Kr]4dlOSs2Sp2
1865b
903.78
6.69
[Kr]4d tOSs25p3
722.66
6.24 Te
(Kr]4dtOSs2Sp4
386.85
4.93
[Kr]4d1OSs2Sp5
I
161.4
5.90t
[Kr]4d105s2Sp5
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon

75
0S 77
55132.9?545 178.49 183.84 190.23 195.08 200.59 207.2 (209) (210) (222)

H9
56137}27 57138.9~55 73'80.9:,~9 19~::,g 79969~,~55 81204.3:~3 83208.9:~4

a
72 4 74 6,5,4,3,2 !,~~5;?;2 76 4,8,6,3,2 78 4,2 80 2.1 82 2,4 84 4,2,6 85 1,7,5,3 86 0,2
944
301,54
1.87
C
5 2170
1000
3.5 Ba
3737
1191
6.15
L *
4876
2506
13.31 Hf
5730
3290
16.65 Ta
5828
3695
19.3 W
sa70
3459
21.0 Re
5285
3300
22.57
4700
2720
22.42 Ir
4098
2041.55
21.45
P
t 3130
1337.33
19.3
A
U 62988
234.32
13.55
1746
577
11.85 TI 11.35
2022
600.61 Pb
1837
544.55
9.75 Bi
-
527
9.3 Po
610"
575

- At 9.73t
211.4R
202
n
[Xej6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f14Sd26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f'45d46s2 (Xe]4f'45ds6s2 IXe]4f'45d66s2 (Xe]4fI4Sd76s2 [Xe]4f'4Sd96s1 [Xe]4f'4Sd106s1 [Xe]4f'4Sd106s2 [Xe)4f14Sd1Of3s26pl [XeJ4P45dt06s26p2 {Xe]4ft45d'06s26p3 (Xe]4f'45dtOBs26p4 [Xe)4f14Sd'OSs26p5 [Xe]4f'45dl06s26p
Cesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon

87
(223)
1 88
(226)
2
89 J227) 104 ~61) 1 05~262) 106 (266) 1 07 ~264) 1 08~277) 1 09~268) 11 0~69) 11 j (272) 112 (285) 113 (284) 114 (289) 115 (288)
116 117 118
950' 1413 3470 A**
C - - - - - -
I~ - - - -
~~~ - ~M~ ~M~ ~M~ ~M~
300 973 1324 - - - - - - - - - -
-
- Fr 5.0 Ra 10.07 - ~~ - ~~ - ~~ - ~~ - ~~ - - ~~ - - -
[Rn]7st [Rn)7s2 [Rn)6dt7s2 [Rn)5ft46d27s2' {Rn]5ft46d37s2' [Rn)Sj146d47s2 IRnj5t'46d57sZ' (Rnj5f'46d67s2' '4
[RnjSf 6d77s2' [An]5f'46d87s2 [AnJ5f146d97s [Rn]Sf146dt07s2' [Rn[SP46<:PO]s27pl' ~'151"~~77~ ==
[Rn]5f'~6d'07s27p3 [Rn]Sf146d1Q7slJp4
Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordiurn Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium (Darmstadtium) (Roentgenium) (Ununbium) (Ununtrium) (Ununquadium) (Ununpentium) (Ununhexium) (Ununseptium) (Ununoctium)

Estimated Values

144.24 (145) 150.36 157.25 162.50 167.26 173.04 174.967

* 67'64.9;3

H0
58 140.~,:6 59140.9~~65 63 151:~4 65158.9~,~34 69168.;~:2

m
ATOMIC ATOMIC 60 3 61 3 62 3,2 64 3 66 3 68 3 70 3,2 71 3

Dy
3716 3785 3347 3273 2007 1869 3503 2840 3140 3675

BOlu::MBE\R KE~Ej'GHTO;;~~T!~~1
POINT, K
~:,;,~S
1071
6.77 Ce
[Xe)4f1Sd'6s2
1204
6.77
[Xe]4f36s2
Pr
1294
7.01
[Xe]4f46s2
Nd
1315
7.26 ~I m
[Xe]4f56s2
1347
7.S2 5
[Xe]4f66s2
1095
5.24
jXej4176s2
Eu
3546
1586
7.90
Gd

[Xe]4FSd'6s2
1629
8.23 Tb
[Xe]4f96s2
1685
8.55
[Xe]4f'06s2
2973
1747
8.795
[Xe]4fI16s2
1802
9.07 Er
[Xe]4ft26s2
2223T
1818
9.32
[Xe)4f'36s2
1469
1092
6.903
Vb

[Xe]4f146s2
1936
9.841 Lu
[Xe]4ft45dI6s2
Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium lutetium

MELTlN~ 92
**
(237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252)

n
90232.03:1 912310~;9 100 (;57) 101 (;58) 102 (2~';) 1 03 (2~2)
30 23:5~4~:,; 93 5,6,4,3 94 4,5,5,3 95 3,6,5,4,2 96 3 97 2,3,4 98 2,3,4 99 3
4404 226<1 - - - - - - - -
~I I~
4300' 4175' 3505

U OO~ ~M ~I ~I ~lli
POINT K 1180. Z
' --... 69273 5061 Th -
7.1~ArJ3d1Q4S2
2023
11.72
1645
15.4' Pa
1406
16.9S
917
20.2
913
19.84
1449
13.7
1620
13.S" 14'
1170
- ~~ -
1130
~~
1800'
-
1100'
-
1100
- oo@ 1900'
- ~~
IRn)8d27s2 (Rn]5f26d17s2 [Rn)S/36d17s2 [Rn]Sf46d17s2 [Rn]Sf&7s2 {Rn]SF7s2 [Rn)Sf16d'7s2 [Rn]Sf97s2 {An]5fl07s2 [Rn)5f117s2 [Rn]Sf'27s2 [Rn]5t137s2 [Rn]St 147s2 (Rn]Sf'46dt7s2
Zinc Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
/ ELECTRON
DENSITY at 300 K (3) \ CONFIGURATION
NOTES:
(g/cm3) NAME
Copyrighl2007 WVR International.
All Rights Reserved.
(1) Btack - solid.
Red - gas.
Blue - liquid.
(2)

(3)
Based upon carbon-tz. () indicates
stable or best known isotope.
Entries marked with daggers
most

refer to the
The A & B subgroup
national
designations,
Union of Pure and Applied
are those
Chemistry.
recommended by the Inter-
Sargent-Weich
No portion of this work may be Outline - synthetically prepared. qaseous state at 273 K and 1 atm and are vWR'-b~ Side 1
INlEflNATIONAl
reproduced in any form or by any given in units of gli.
means wittnrt express prior written Cataloq Number WL$18806 P.O. Box 4130 Buffalo, NY 14217
permission from VWRlSargent- 1-800-727-4368 FAX 1800-676-2540
Welch. www.sargenlwelch.com
 TABLE OF PERIODIC PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS
Percent Ionic Character of a Single Chemical Bond

GROUP Difference in electronegativity 0.1 0.20.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.92.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2A 2.5 2.62.72.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2

:L/IA 18/V1II
Percentionicchoeccree % 0.5 1 2 4 6 9 12 '5 19 22 26 30 34 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 70 74 76 79 82 84 86 88 89 91 92
He@
0.32 2.20 0.93
0.79 0.4581 0.49 0.084
14.10 0.0585 31.80 0.021
13.598 DATA CONCERNING THE MORE STABLE ELEMENTARY (SUBATOMIC) PARTICLES 24.587
2/IIA The positron {e+] has properties similar to those of the (neg
14.304 0.1815 5.193 0.152
Neutron Proton Electron' Neutrino photon ative) ele<tron or beta particle except that its charge has opposite
Symbol P e (e-) sign (+). The antineutrlno (vI has properties similar to those of the
neutrino except that its spin (or rotation) is opposite in relation to
Rest moss (kg) 1,67495)(10.27 1.67265x1027 9.1095xI031 ~O
its direetien of propagation.
Relativeotomiemoss ("C:12) 1.008665 1.007276 5,48580xl 0.4 ~o An ontineutrino occempcnles release of on electron in radio
Charge (e) 1.60219x1019 .1.60219)(10.19 active p (portide) deeey, whereas 0 neulTino occomponies the
release of 0 positron in fJ+ de<oy.
Radius (m) -0
1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 tJlB:Bohr mogneton ond J.IN=Nudeor magneton,
Spin quantum number
Magnetic Momentt -1,913JIN 2.793 JiN 1.001 JIB

CRYSTAL ACIOBASE
STRUCTURE (2) PROPERTIES (I)

ELECTRONEGATIVITY,
SYMBOL (Pauling's)

COVALENT

ATOMIC
RADIUS,

RADIUS,
A

A (7)
VA~~:I~~~ON
kJ fmol (4)
** 19.90
6.31
1.3
543.92
15.65
7.1
15.0
5.89 5.6
12.50
6.194
21.10
6.266 0.8
12.32
6.026 0.7
20.8
5.974 0.7
18.3
5.991 6.198 6.282 6.42 6.5 6.58 6.65 4.9'
0.113 54 47 0.12 6.3 0.13' 6.74 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' to-
HEAT OF FUSION
ATOMIC VOLUME,
kJ/mol (5)
cm'/mol{8)
NOTES: (1) For representative oxides (higher valence) of group. Oxide is acidic if color is red, basic if color is blue

e
and amphoteric if both colors are shown. Intensity af color indicates relative strength.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
FIRST IONIZATION
1 o'n' m' (6) The A & B subgroup designations, are those

Sargent-Welch
POTENTIAL

*
(2) ~ Cubic, face centered; ~ cubic, body centered; cubic; recommended by the International Union of
V
Pure and Applied Chemistry,
e Copyright 1979
SPECIFIC
CAPACITY,
HEAT
Jg" K' (3)
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY,
Wm'K'(3)
hexagonal; @ rhombohedral; LD tetragonal; UI orthorhombic; 0 manoclinic. VWR'-J"
INHRNAT10NAL
Copyright 1980
Copyright 1992 (3) At 300 K (>7'C) (6) Generally at 293 K (20C) (8) From density at 300 K (27C) for liquid
PO. Box 4130 Buffalo, NY 14217
@Copyrightl993
(4) At boiling point for polycrystalline material and solid clements: values for gaseous elements 1-800727-4368 FAX 1-800-676-2540
Copyrighl1994
@Copyrighl1995 (5) At melting point (7) Quantum mechanical value refer to liquid state at boiling point www.sargenlwelch.com
Copyright 1996 for frcc atom
Copyright 1998
@Copyrighl2000 SIDE 2
Catalog Number WLS18806
@CopyrighI2001
Copyrighl2002
@ Copyrighl 2004
e Copyrighl 2007 VVVR Intemalional

) ) )