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KALYANI GOVERNMENT

ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAME: - DEBESH GHOSH


ROLL NO: - 10200115014
BRANCH: - 2nd YEAR (4th Sem), CSE
SUBJECT: - Technical Report Writing & Language Lab Practice
(HU 481)
A

Report On

'Barcode & Barcode Reader'

By

Debesh Ghosh, Computer Science & Engineering, 4th semester, Roll No. 14

A report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of,

HU 481: Technical Report Writing.

26th April, 2017


CERTIFICATE BY SUPERVISOR

Prof. Susmita Sarkar

Assistant Prof. Department of Humanities,

Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal

This is to certify that the Technical Report entitled "BARCODE & BARCODE READER"
is a document of work done by, Debesh Ghosh under our supervision during the period,
February 2017 to May 2017.

( Prof. Susmita Sarkar )

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STATEMENT BY THE CANDIDATE

Debesh Ghosh

B.Tech , 4th semester,

Dept. Of Comp. Science & Engg. , Roll : 10200115014

Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani, West Bengal

I hereby state that the Technical Report entitled BARCODE & BARCODE
READER has been prepared by me to fulfil the requirements of HU 481 during the period
February 2017 to May 2017.

(Reporters Signature)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely grateful to the Director of, Kalyani Government engineering College and
Prof. Susmita Sarkar for providing & helping me with my Technical Report.

I express my thanks to the founder of this Bar-coding System Prof. Norman Joseph
Woodland & his Team To Bring such an awesome technology for human use & making my
Technical Report efficiently.

I will be failing in duty if I do not acknowledge with grateful thanks to the authors of the
references and other literatures referred to in this Technical Report.

I express my thanks to all faculty and friends for all the help and co-ordination extended in
bringing out this Technical Report successfully in time.

Last but not the least, I am very much thankful to my parents who guided me in every step
which I took.

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ABSTRACT

Barcode or Barcode Reader, is an optical machine-readable representation of data relating


to the object to which it is attached. Originally barcodes systematically represented data by
varying the widths and spacing of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-
dimensional (1D). Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric
patterns in two dimensions (2D). Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols, they are
generally referred to as barcodes as well. Barcodes originally were scanned by special optical
scanners called barcode readers.

In Chapter1, the Introduction & the brief history of the Barcode have been discussed. In
Chapter2, the process preparation, features and advantages, disadvantages are discussed. In
Chapter3, the future aspects and conclusion have been discussed.

We are concluding that barcode has its advantages in many fields in Retail arena like better
time allocation and decision making in many spheres of retail.

Unlike advantages, it has its bottlenecks also like initial cost is quite high while installation
and proper training and education.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Certificate by Supervision ................................................................................... I

Statement by Candidate ....................................................................................... II

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................. III

Abstract .................................................................................................................... IV

List Of Figures ......................................................................................................... VI

Introduction ............................................................................................................. 01

CHAPTER 1 : Bar-coding Technology .............................................................. 02

CHAPTER 2 : Barcode Scanning & Decoding .................................................. 03

CHAPTER 3 : Types Of Barcodes & Scanners ................................................. 04

CHAPTER 4 : Applications, Pros. & Cons. ........................................................ 06

Future Prospect ....................................................................................................... 07

Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 08

Bibliography .............................................................................................................. 09
LIST OF FIGURES

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Figure 1 - Barcode & Barcode Reader ...................................................... 01

Figure 1.1 - Barcode Design Construction ...................................................02

Figure 1.2 - Barcode Construction Rules................................................... 02

Figure 2.1 - Barcode Reading principle ..................................................... 03

Figure 3.1 - Types Of Barcodes ................................................................... 04

Figure 3.2 - Pen Based Reader ..................................................................... 05

Figure 3.3 - Laser Based Reader .................................................................. 05

Figure 3.4 - Omni-directional Reader .......................................................... 05

Figure 4.1 - Barcode In Use ............................................................................ 06

Figure 5 - Sample Barcode ............................................................................... 07


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INTRODUCTION

In 1932 a small group of students from Harvard University, London first developed the
concept of Automatic Product Identification By passing a high intensity light through some
Morse Code. Which gradually developed to Bar-coding system from the year, 1948. Soon the
bar-coding technology opened for public use from, 1967.

In 1974, the first the first bar coding was introduced to the retail world on a packet of
Wrigleys Gum. Thirty eight years later the number of applications for bar code technology
has exploded, going far beyond grocery stores and retail. Read between the lines and you
will see bar code technology popping up in new and unusual places such as hospitals, law
firms, retail stores, security, and Department of Defense, corporate offices, libraries, and
rental cars.

Figure 0.1 :- Barcode & Barcode Reader

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CHAPTER 1 : Barcoding Technology

A barcode is an optical machine-readable representation of data relating to the object to


which it is attached. Originally barcodes systematically represented data by varying the
widths and spacing's of parallel lines, and may be referred to as linear or one-dimensional
(1D). Later they evolved into rectangles, dots, hexagons and other geometric patterns in two
dimensions (2D). Although 2D systems use a variety of symbols, they are generally referred
to as barcodes as well. Barcodes originally were scanned by special optical scanners called
barcode readers. Later, scanners and interpretive software became available on devices
including desktop printers and smart phones.

The Laser Light Scans the barcode & generates wave-form from the light reflected back
from the white areas of the barcode.

There are Two Quiet Zones at the two ends of the barcode, then it has a start checkpoint &
end checkpoint at it's two sides, after the start point it contains the actual data then a check
symbol validates the existence of the scanned code.

Figure 1.1 - Barcode Design Construction

Figure 1.2 - Barcode Construction Rules

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CHAPTER 2 : Barcode Scanning & Decoding

Barcodes are mostly scanned by a Special Laser light which is generated when a laser light
is fall on a rotating polygon an mirror.

After falling of the laser light on the barcode, the laser light gets absorbed on the black
portions & gets reflected on the white portions. Thus the reflected light is further analysed by
a photo-diode which acts as a receiver & Generates a Wave-form. This Generated Wave-
form is then further processed by a decoder & then the final code/output comes.

In bar-coding system each character is represented by a pattern of wide and narrow bars. A
barcode reader uses a photo sensor to convert the barcode into an electrical signal as it
moves across a barcode. The scanner then measures the relative widths of the bars and
spaces, translates the different patterns back into regular characters, and sends them on to a
computer or portable terminal.

Figure 2.1 - Barcode Reading Principle

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CHAPTER 3 : Types of Barcodes

1.) LINEAR BARCODES (1-D) :-

# U.P.C.(A & E) => So called as, Universal Product Code which has Types A & E.

# E.A.N. (8 & 13) => So called as, European Article Numbering Which has
Types EAN8 and EAN13.

# CODE (39 & 128) => Basic Barcode Used In Retail Store Nowadays. Which has Types,
Code 39 & 128.

Figure 3.1 - Types of Barcodes

2.) 2-D BARCODES :-

# P.D.F. 417 => It Stands for Portable Data File which has a high capacity of, 2725
Characters.

# AZTEC CODE =>It Has A High Density Of Data Holding Capacity @3750 Bytes.

# DATA MATRIX => High Density Of Data Holding Capacity @3116 Bytes.

# QR-BARCODE => Mostly used in android camera based scanners.

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CHAPTER 3 : Types of Barcode Scanners

Types of Barcode Reader Are :-

# Pen Based ==>

Figure 3.2 - Pen Based Reader

# Laser Based ==>

Figure 3.3 - Laser Based Reader

# Omni- Directional ==>

Figure 3.4 - Omni-Directional Reader


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CHAPTER 4 : Applications, Pros. & Cons.

Applications :-

> Inventory of merchandise sold at retail.

> An automatic update of stock levels.

> Automatic re-ordering of new stock.

> Better marketing information.

> Give a unique identification to every product and every piece.

Pros.:- Cons.:-

> Fast and Reliable Data Collection. > Pricing Issues.

> 10,000 Times better Accuracy. > Damaged Labels.

> Reduced Labor Costs. > Upfront Costs.

> Necessary Inventory Levels. > Printer Requirements.

> Faster Access to Information. > Training.

> Customer Satisfaction. > Has Restrictions.


Figure 4.1 - Barcode In Use

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FUTURE PROSPECT

Age verification: For businesses that are age restrictions (restaurant, bars, theatres, etc.)
can use barcode on a customers drivers license which can be scanned to confirm a
customers age and avoid legal problems.

Opening customer accounts: By scanning barcodes of a customers drivers license, a


retailer can collect information to open a customer account or fill out a credit application
very easily.

Business Tracking: Barcode system reduces manual data entry to manage record by
providing automatic process of data entry through machine

Product Stock control: Barcode technology facilitates users to control product stock and
gives accurate information of product stock detail for reordering.

Coupons: Retailers can email or text customers a coupon with a QR code that can be
scanned at the time of sale from the phone screen. Coupons can be tracked so easily by
using a unique code for each customer and promotion.

Tickets: You can eliminate the need for printed tickets by sending customers an electronic
ticket that can be scanned off a phone screen. This also reduces the possibility of ticket
fraud.

Fraud detection: In futures barcodes can be used for detecting fraud by scanning all the
relevant information.

Authorization: The barcodes presents on the license can also used to provide the
authorization of something.
Quality measurement: Barcodes presents on a product can be used to provide the quality
factor of it.

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CONCLUSION

Thus, we can observed that barcode has its advantages in many fields in Retail arena
like better time allocation and decision making in many spheres of retail.

Unlike advantages, it has its bottlenecks also like initial cost is quite high while
installation and proper training and education is needed to use this kind of gadget in
retail.

Positive Impact On Daily Life.

Have Lots Of Advantages With Minor Bottlenecks.

It Has Its Versatile Uses & Its User Friendly.

Laser Emission Near Or On Human Body Is Very Harmful.

Figure 5 - Sample Barcode

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Barcode Wikipedia : the Free Encyclopaedia, <


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode > 10 Feb 2014.

Kalimpong Wikipedia : the Free Encyclopaedia, <


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimpong> 10 Feb 2014.

"Kalimpong Science Museum, India" < http://kalimpongsciencecentre.org/>

How Barcodes Work ? ", You Tube, 15 Feb 2014. <


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6aR1k-ympo>

" Barcode Reader Technical Guide ", Keyence International Limited, <
http://www1.keyence.com/dwn/bar_code_tech_guide_ka.pdf >

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