Experiment 303: Kundts Tube: Velocity of Sound in Solid

JAVEN, PAUL ADRIAN B.

Department of Physics
School of Civil Engineering and Geological Engineering
Mapua Institute of Technology
PHY12L A7 Group 3
pjaven@gmail.com

Keywords: Frequency, Incident and Reflected waves, Longitundal waves, Mechanical waves, Node
and Antinode, Sine wave generator and String vibrator, Sinusoidal waves, Transverse waves.

Abstract

Introduction
Methodology
Results and Discussion

Answers to Guide Questions/Problems

1. In the experiment when the rod is clamped at the center, why are the ends of the rod
considered as antinodes and not nodes?

The ends of the rods are considered as antinodes because the clamp at the center of
the node acts as the node since the center of two antinodes is a node, then we can say
that the ends of the rod are antinodes. The node is a t the center of the rod because the
clamp restricts the center from vibrating, thus creating only minimal amplitude of
vibration. The opposite happens to the end of the rods because they are free to vibrate
at maximum amplitude thus, making them the antinodes.

2. How are the longitudinal waves in solid similar to longitudinal waves in a pipe open
at both ends?

The air inside the pipe resonates with the vibrating rod. This means that the
longitudinal waves in the solid rod and with the air inside the pipe both have the same
frequency.
 3. Calculate the fundamental frequency of a steel rod of length 2.00m. What is the next
possible standing wave frequency of this rod? Where should the rod be clamped to excite a
standing wave

Conclusion

Recommendations

Appendix
Data Sheet
KUNDTS TUBE: VELOCITY OF SOUND IN SOLID
Length of metal rod Lr 91.5cm
Average length powder segments La 9.47cm
Temperature of air t 26.5C
Velocity of sound in air va 347.9m/s
Velocity of sound in the rod vr from Equation 3 3361.44m/s
Velocity of sound in the rod vr from textbook 3475m/s
 Percentage error 3.27%
Density of the rod 8700
Velocity of sound in the rod vr from Equation 4 3234.16m/s
Percentage error 7.18%

Sample Computations
Given:
madded(1) = 50g ; L1 = 56cm
madded(2) = 60g ; L2 = 58cm
madded(3) = 70g ; L3 = 59cm
madded(4) = 80g ; L4 = 61cm
Computation:
tension, T = (madded + mpan) x 980cm/s2
T1 = (50g + 5g) x 980cm/s2
T1 = 53900 dynes

madded(5) = 90g ; L5 = 63cm frequency, f = 2L

5 53900
n = 5 segments f1 =
2(56) .

mpan = 5g f1 = 97.93Hz
= 0.0112g/cm

From Table 1 From Table 2

1 +2 +3 +4 +5 1 +2 +3 +4 +5
fave, EV = fave, EV =
5 5

fave, EV = 107.092Hz fave, EV = 97.44Hz

|| ||
%error = 100% %error = 100%

|110107.092| |106.1297.44|
%error = 100% = 2.64% %error = 100% = 8.18%
110 106.12

References
Reference from a book:
[1] Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J. (2014). Principles of Physics 10 th ed. Hoboken, NJ:
Wiley.
Reference from a website:
[1] Information from http://uk.farnell.com/incident-wave-definition
[2] Information from http://study.com/academy/lesson/reflection-of-waves-definition-examples-
quiz.html
[3] Information from
http://www.webassign.net/question_assets/tamucalcphysmechl1/lab_10/manual.html
[4] Information from http://documents.mx/documents/e303-transverse-wave.html
[5] Information from http://www.splung.com/content/sid/6/page/latentheat
[6] Information from https://physics.appstate.edu/laboratory/quick-guides/vibrating-strings