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Not to be confused with the later Balhae kingdom, originally named Jin.
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Jin state
()
Proto-Korean and
Languages
Dravidian[1][2][3]
Succeeded by
Samhan 2nd century B.C.
Succeeded by
Mahan confederacy
Byeonhan confederacy
Jinhan confederacy
South Korea,
Today part of
North Korea
Jin
Hangul
Hanja
McCuneReischauer Chin'guk
History of Korea
Prehistory
Jeulmun
Mumun
Ancient
Gojoseon ? 108 BC
Jin state
ProtoThree Kingdoms
Buyeo
Goguryeo
Okjeo
Dongye
Samhan
o Ma
o Byeon
o Jin
Han Commanderies
Three Kingdoms
Goguryeo 37 BC 668 AD
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Silla 57 BC 935 AD
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The state of Jin (Korean pronunciation: [tin]) was an early Korean Iron Age state which occupied
some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BC, bordering
the Korean kingdom Gojoseon to the north. Its capital was somewhere south of the Han River. It
preceded the Samhan confederacies, each of which claimed to be successors of the Jin state.[4]
Contents
1 Name
2 History
3 Archeology
4 Legacy
5 See also
6 References
o 6.1 Citations
o 6.2 Bibliography
Name
"Jin" is the Revised Romanization of Korean , originally written in Korean Chinese
characters (hanja). This character's Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as /*[d]r/
[5]
and originally referred to the 5th earthly branch of the Chinese and Korean zodiacs, a division
of the orbit of Jupiter identified with the dragon. This was associated with a bearing of 120
(between ESE and SE) but also with the two-hour period between 7 and 9 am, leading it to be
associated with dawn and the direction east.
History
It is not clear as to how well defined of an organized state Jin was. It seems likely that it was a
federation of small states much like the subsequent Samhan. For the state to be able to contend
with Wiman Joseon and send embassies to the court of Han Dynasty China, there was probably
some level of stable central authority. Korean historian Ki-baek Lee (1984, p. 24) also suggests
that the kingdom's attempt to open direct contacts "suggests a strong desire on the part of Chin
[Jin] to enjoy the benefits of Chinese metal culture." However, for the most part Wiman Joseon
prevented direct contact between Jin and China.[6]
King Jun of Gojoseon is reported to have fled to Jin after Wiman seized his throne and
established Wiman Joseon. Some believe that Chinese mentions of Gaeguk or Gaemaguk (
, Kingdom of armored horses) refers to Jin. Goguryeo is said to have conquered "Gaemaguk"
in 26 AD, but this may refer to a different tribe in northern Korea.
Records are somewhat contradictory on Jin's demise: it either became the later Jinhan, or
diverged into the Samhan as a whole. Archeological records of Jin have been found centered in
territory that later became Mahan.[4]
Archeology
Archaeologically, Jin is commonly identified with the Korean bronze dagger culture, which
succeeded the Liaoning bronze dagger culture in the late first millennium BCE.[4] The most
abundant finds from this culture have been in southwestern Korea's Chungcheong and Jeolla
regions. This suggests that Jin was based in the same area, which roughly coincides with the
fragmentary historical evidence.[citation needed] Artifacts of the culture are similar to Baiyue and are
found throughout southern Korea and were also exported to the Yayoi people of Kysh, Japan.
[7]
Legacy
Jin was succeeded by the Samhan: Mahan, Jinhan and Byeonhan. Chinese historical text,
Records of the Three Kingdoms says that Jinhan is the successor of Jin state, [8] while Book of the
Later Han writes that Mahan, Jinhan and Byeonhan were all the past Jin state and there were 78
states.[9]
The name of Jin continued to be used in the name of the Jinhan confederacy and in the name
"Byeonjin," an alternate term for Byeonhan. In addition, for some time the leader of Mahan
continued to call himself the "Jin king," asserting nominal overlordship over all of the Samhan
tribes.