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PreciseColorCommunication

Wediscussedthecolorsofthespectrum(red,orange,yellow,green,...)in
PartII2.Ofthesecolors,red,green,andbluearegenerallyconsideredthe
threeprimarycolorsoflight.Thisisbecausetheeyehasthreetypesof
cones(colorsensors)whicharesensitivetothesethreeprimarycolorsand
whichallowustoperceivecolor.Figure19showsthespectralsensitivity
curvescorrespondingtothehumaneye,accordingtotheCIEdefinitionof
the1931StandardObserver.Thesearereferredtoasthecolormatching
functions. hasahighsensitivityintheredwavelengthregion,
hasahighsensitivityinthegreenwavelengthregion,and hasahigh
sensitivityinthebluewavelengthregion.Thecolorsthatweseearethe
resultofdifferent , ,and proportions(stimuli)inthelight
receivedfromanobject.

AsshowninFigure20b,thetristimulusmethodmeasuresthelightreflectedfromtheobjectusingthreesensorsfilteredtohavethe
samesensitivity , ,and asthehumaneyeandthusdirectlymeasuresthetristimulusvaluesX,Y,andZ.Ontheother
hand,thespectrophotometricmethodshowninFigure20cutilizesmultiplesensors(40intheCM2002)tomeasurethespectral
reflectanceoftheobjectateachwavelengthorineachnarrowwavelengthrange.Theinstrument'smicrocomputerthencalculatesthe
tristimulusvaluesfromthespectralreflectancedatabyperformingintegration.Fortheappleusedintheexample,thetristimulusvalues
areX=21.21,Y=13.37,andZ=9.32thesetristimulusvaluescanthenbeusedtocalculatevaluesinothercolorspacessuchasYxyor
L*a*b*.

Figure21showshowthetristimulusvaluesX,Y,andZaredetermined.Lightwithspectraldistribution reflectedbythespecimenis
incidentonsensorswithspectralsensitivity ,whosefiltersdividethelightintowavelengthregionscorrespondingtothethree
primarycolorsandthesensorsoutputthetristimulusvalues(X,Y,andZ) .Thus, = ~ .Theresultsinthethreewavelength
regionsof arealsoshown: 1: , 2: ,and 3: .Thetristimulusvaluesareequaltotheintegrationsofthe
shadedareainthethreegraphs.

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