Completions and Flow Equipment Chris Elliott Oil and Gas 101 2016

PESA Oil & Gas 101
Overview of Completions
Chris Elliott
Applications & Field Engineering Manager
2016 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
2016 BAKER HUGHES I NCORPORATED. ALL RI GHTS RESERVED. TERM S AND CONDI TI ONS OF USE: BY ACCEPTI NG THI S DOCUM ENT, THE RECI PI ENT AGREES THAT THE DOCUM ENT TOGETHER W I TH ALL I NFORM ATI ON I NCLUDED THEREI N I S THE
CONFI DENTI AL AND PROPRI ETARY PROPERTY OF BAKER HUGHES I NCORPORATED AND I NCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/ OR PROPRI ETARY I NF OR M ATI ON OF BAKER HUGHES (COLLECTI VELY "I NFORM ATI ON"). BAKER HUGHES RETAI NS
ALL RI GHTS UNDER COPYRI GHT LAW S AND TRADE SECRET LAW S OF THE UNI TED STATES OF AM ERI CA AND OTHER COUNTRI ES. THE RECI PI ENT FURTHE R AGREES THAT THE DOCUM ENT M AY NOT BE DI STRI BUTED, TRANSM I TTED, COPI ED OR
1 REPRODUCED I N W HOLE OR I N PART BY ANY M EANS, ELECTRONI C, M ECHANI CAL, OR OTHERW I SE, W I THOUT THE EXPRESS PRI OR W RI TTEN CONSENT OF BAKER HUGHES, AND M AY NOT BE USED DI RECTLY OR I NDI RECTLY I N ANY W AY DETRI M ENTAL
TO BAKER HUGHES I NTEREST.
Outline
Background
Drivers affecting selection of completion types
Major completion components
Examples of completion types
Evolving Technologies
2
Oil and Gas Reservoirs
3
Source: Wyoming State University
Well Life Cycle
Drilling Completion Production
Information Completion
Management, Fluids Automated Production
Drilling Engineering, Systems
Data Mudlogging, Drilling Dynamics
Rig-Site Supervision
Safety Systems
Drilling Fluid Systems
Performance
Pumping,
Chemicals
Stimulation,
Filtration
Flow Control
Completion
Equipment
Hook-ups
Formation
Evaluation MWD Tubing Conveyed Packers
Perforating
Cementing
Equipment
Gravel
Packing
High
Services Packers
Performance Bits
Steerable
Drilling
Systems
Pre-Pack Well
Screens
4
Completion Functions
Provide pathway for fluid from the reservoir into the wellbore
Provide pathway for wellbore fluids to surface
Control the production rate from the reservoir
Isolate problematic sections of the well
Allow access for well maintenance

Facilitate stimulation
5
Building A Well: Cross Section
6
Source: Cabot Oil & Gas Well Said
Outline
Background
7
Completion Classification
Well Path
Vertical
Deviated
Horizontal
Multilateral
Number of zones
Single
Multiple
Mode of production
Flowing
Artificial lift
8
9
Artificial Lift
Other Drivers
Reservoir type
Target resource type, extent, depth
Financial objectives
Regulatory environment
Intervention or re-entry costs in well environment
Expected well performance/life cycle

Monitoring requirements
10
Outline
Background
Completion components
11
12
Progression of Completions Through Time
Structural Devices Hangers
Mechanical devices that anchor
sections of pipe
Typically use slips to attach

deployed pipe to host pipe
May be run with packer to

provide isolation
13
Long String Liner
Isolation Devices - Packers
Mechanical device seal

between casing and tubing.
Located above producing
zone(s).
Parts
Sealing element.
Slips (anchors).
Various parts and piston
areas that allow setting.
Well control.
Corrosion control.
14
Packers Types
Permanent
Retrievable
Mechanical set
Hydraulic set
Cased Hole
Open Hole
Inflatable
Swelling
15
Flow Control Devices Sleeves
Position-able valves allowing a flow path
between the inside and outside of tubing
Shifted via several means

Mechanical
Hydraulic
Electric
Multi-cycle and multi-position versions available

16
Flow Control Devices Profile Nipples
Profiles placed in tubing able to receive

latching accessories
Accessories include plugs, chokes,
check valves
Accessories typically retrievable
17
Filtration Devices - Screens
Wire-
Filters built onto perforated tubing wrapped
Screens
Intended to limit the size of particles that can be admitted

into the tubing
Premium
Screens
Usable in
Open-hole
Perforated casing
In conjunction with other filters Expandable
Screens
18
Subsurface Safety Valve
Deployed on tubing.
Prevents uncontrolled flow from a well in the case of
an emergency.
Typically shallowest downhole equipment.
Activated by a change in conditions
Designs vary by application.
Most stringently tested product in completions.
19
Intervention and Recompletion
Cleanup
Removing debris from the wellbore
Isolation
Setting permanent or temporary plugs/ flow
barriers
Fishing
Recovering lost equipment or pipe
Casing exits
Creating a new wellbore by milling out of existing
casing
20
21
Conveyance or Deployment Methods
Outline
Background
22
Application Specific Completions
Sand Control Completions
Aimed at limiting production of solids
Unconventional Completions
Enable efficient, multi-stage fracturing treatments and minimize time until
production begins
Intelligent Completions
Allow active control of completion subsystems via electric or hydraulic control
Limit need to re-enter well
23
Sand Control Completions
Tools & services to minimize or prevent sand

production in unconsolidated reservoirs
Drivers: reliability, production enhancement, efficiency,

long term production
24
Controlling Sand Production Minimizes
Equipment damage
Maintenance costs
Well plugging
Disposal costs
25
26
Sand Control Completion
Gravel Packing
Gravel Pack Sand Casing

Gravel Pack Formation
Sand Sand
Formation
Sand
Perforations
Cement
Wire Wrapped
Screen
Screen
Open Hole Cased Hole
27
FracPacking
Similar to gravel packing
Higher pumping pressures and rates
Rock strength or fracture pressure of rock

exceeded
Breaking or Fracturing the formation
Packing near wellbore to similar to gravel

packing
28
Sand Control Pumping Services
Slurry
Combination of proppant/sand and carrier fluid
Carrier Fluids
Engineered fluids designed to carry proppant
with one viscosity, and then break to a lower
viscosity allowing to return to surface
29
Unconventional Completions
Completion systems enabling multistage Hydraulic Fracturing
Drivers: efficiency, reliability, cost
30
Plug & Perforate
Cemented casing liner or full string

Perforate and produce multiple pay zones with Perf Guns / TCP
Composite Plugs provide isolation
Removed by milling with coil or pipe
Perf Guns
Setting Tool
Composite Plug
31
31 2010 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved.
Ball Activated Systems
Cemented or Open Hole
Utilize sliding sleeves for

formation access
Balls are dropped to isolate

stages and open sleeves
32
Coiled Tubing Annular Fracturing
Cemented or Open Hole
Utilize sliding sleeves or sand jet

perforating
Coiled Tubing is used to convey

a packer assembly to provide
isolation and access to reservoir
33
Intelligent Well Systems
Wells able to monitor and adjust the condition

of downhole devices
Often in offshore environments, where cost of

re-entry is prohibitive
Enhancements of previously discussed

equipment
34
Well Monitoring
Discrete Gauges permanently installed on

completion assembly to measure real time
Discrete Pressure
Discrete Temperature
Flow Rate
Water Cut
Density
Distributed measurements
Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature
Distributed acoustic
35
Outline
Background
36
Material Enhancements
Material Science Research
Composites, Nano-Technology
HPHT Elastomers
High Technology
Downhole electronics
Surface-to-downhole communication
Monitoring
Efficient Completions
Interventionless Completions
Disappearing Completions
Drill-in Completions
Electro-Mechanical System
37
38

Completions and Flow Equipment Chris Elliott Oil and Gas 101 2016

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PESA Oil & Gas 101

Drivers affecting selection of completion types

Major completion components

Examples of completion types

Drilling Completion Production

Provide pathway for wellbore fluids to surface

Control the production rate from the reservoir

Isolate problematic sections of the well

Allow access for well maintenance

Drivers affecting selection of completion types

Major completion components

Examples of completion types

Target resource type, extent, depth

Intervention or re-entry costs in well environment

Expected well performance/life cycle

Drivers affecting selection of completion types

Examples of completion types

Typically use slips to attach

May be run with packer to

Mechanical device seal

Shifted via several means

Multi-cycle and multi-position versions available

Profiles placed in tubing able to receive

Intended to limit the size of particles that can be admitted

Drivers affecting selection of completion types

Major completion components

Examples of completion types

Tools & services to minimize or prevent sand

Drivers: reliability, production enhancement, efficiency,

Gravel Pack Sand Casing

Open Hole Cased Hole

Similar to gravel packing

Higher pumping pressures and rates

Rock strength or fracture pressure of rock

Breaking or Fracturing the formation

Packing near wellbore to similar to gravel

Cemented casing liner or full string

Cemented or Open Hole

Utilize sliding sleeves for

Balls are dropped to isolate

Cemented or Open Hole

Utilize sliding sleeves or sand jet

Coiled Tubing is used to convey

Wells able to monitor and adjust the condition

Often in offshore environments, where cost of

Enhancements of previously discussed

Discrete Gauges permanently installed on

Drivers affecting selection of completion types

Major completion components

Examples of completion types

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