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Theories of Failure
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| | Machine Design, Structural
A good understanding of theories of failure are imperative in the design of civil structures or types of mechanical Bethefirstofyourfriendstolikethis
equipment. This lecture will give you a conceptual introduction on the theories of failure. So sit back and Enjoy
WhatisVonMises
Stress
Principalstress,
Principalplane&...
FatigueFailure
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turbinework
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A detailed webpage version of the above lecture along with the industrial application of Failure Theories are given below.
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Fig.1Aweightlifteranalogy
In the first case he is able to lift maximum up to 50 k.g in a relatively simple fashion. Now consider a second case, here
he is lifting the same amount of weight in a different manner.Is it true to say here also his maximum lifting ability is 50
k.g?. Answer to this question could be Yes or No. If you assume that, his lifting ability is same in the second case also ,
then this can be considered as a failure theory for a weight lifter.
Principal Stress
Principal stress is the maximum normal stress occurring at a given point. In order to find out this value easy way is to do a
Mohr circle analysis. Once you know Principal stress values you can go ahead with failure theories.Figure below shows
principal stress values induced at point in a 3 dimensional complex loading case.
Fig.3Principalstressesandplanes
Maximum shear stress in simple tension case occurs at angle 45 with load, so maximum shear strength in a simple
tension case can be represented as
The total strain energy in simple tension test at time of failure is given by
Shear strain energy in simple tension test at the time of failure is given by
Out of the 5 theories discussed, the Shear strain energy theory or Vonmises theory is the most valuable one.
*Since brittle materials does not have yield point, you can use ultimate tensile stress as failure criterion.
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