QM PDF

QM Component Short
Description
HELP.CACOMPQM
Release 4.6B

QM Component Short Description SAP AG
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2 December 1999
SAP AG QM Component Short Description
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December 1999 3
Contents
QM Component Short Description ....................................................................5

Quality Management...................................................................................................................... 6
Quality Planning ............................................................................................................................ 8
Basic Data .................................................................................................................................. 9
QM-Specific Data in the Material Master ............................................................................ 11
Catalog ................................................................................................................................ 13
Inspection Characteristic ..................................................................................................... 15
Inspection method ............................................................................................................... 18
Samples and SPC ............................................................................................................... 20
Sample Determination.................................................................................................... 21
Inspection Planning .................................................................................................................. 23
Control in Logistics ................................................................................................................... 25
QM in Procurement ............................................................................................................. 26
QM in Sales and Distribution............................................................................................... 28
Quality Inspection........................................................................................................................ 30
Inspection Lot Creation............................................................................................................. 31
Results Recording .................................................................................................................... 32
Characteristic Results ......................................................................................................... 34
Defects Recording............................................................................................................... 35
Inspection Lot Completion ........................................................................................................ 37
Quality-Related Costs............................................................................................................... 39
Sample Management ............................................................................................................... 40
Quality Control............................................................................................................................. 42
Information System................................................................................................................... 43
Reporting ............................................................................................................................. 44
Planning............................................................................................................................... 45
Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 46
Logistics Information Library ............................................................................................... 47
Early Warning System......................................................................................................... 48
Quality Control.......................................................................................................................... 49
Quality Level........................................................................................................................ 50
Control Charts ..................................................................................................................... 51
Update of Vendor Evaluation .............................................................................................. 54
Quality Certificates ...................................................................................................................... 55
Basic Data for Certificates ........................................................................................................ 57
Certificate Creation................................................................................................................... 58
Quality Notifications.................................................................................................................... 59
Creating Quality Notifications ................................................................................................... 61
Processing Quality Notifications ............................................................................................... 62
Quality-Related Costs............................................................................................................... 63
Test Equipment Management..................................................................................................... 64
4 December 1999
QM Component Short Description
QM Component Short Description
December 1999 5
Quality Management
Quality Management
Purpose
With the functions of the Quality Management (QM) module, you can implement the most
important elements of a QM system, as specified in ISO 9000. These functions are
complemented by other integrated application components of the SAP system (such as MM, SD,
PP).
Implementation Considerations
The 20 elements of a quality management system according to the ISO 9000 series of standards
are represented by integrated functions throughout the entire R/3 System. The elements are
represented as follows:
Elements Representation in the SAP
R/3 System
1 (Management responsibility) QM (Quality Management), HR
(Human Resources)
2 (Quality management system) QM, PM (Plant Maintenance),
PP (Production Planning), PS
(Project System)
3 (Contract review) SD (Sales and Distribution)
4 (Design control) PP, PS
5 (Document and data control) Document Management
System, ArchiveLink
6 (Purchasing) QM, MM (Materials
Management), PP
7 (Control of customer supplied product) QM, PM, MM
8 (Product identification and traceability) QM, MM
9 (Process control) PM, PP
10 (Inspection and testing) QM
11 (Control of inspection, measuring and test equipment) QM, PM, PP
12 (Inspection and test status) QM
13 (Control of nonconforming product) QM, CO
14 (Corrective and preventive action) QM, PM
15 (Handling, storage, packaging, preservation and SD, MM
delivery)
16 (Control of quality records) QM, MM
17 (Internal quality audits) QM
18 (Training) HR
6 December 1999
Quality Management
19 (Servicing) QM, PM
20 (Statistical techniques) QM
Integration
The integration of the QM application component in the R/3 System allows quality management
tasks to be combined with those in other applications (such as materials management,
production, sales and distribution and cost accounting).
Features
The QM application component supports tasks associated with quality planning, quality
inspection and quality control. In addition, it controls the creation of quality certificates and
manages problems with the help of quality notifications.
The following components are available in QM:
Basic data (for example, material master, catalogs, inspection characteristics, inspection
methods and sampling procedures).
Inspection planning (inspection plans, reference operation sets, material specifications).
QM in procurement.
QM in Sales and Distribution
Inspection lot processing (inspection lot creation and inspection lot completion)
Recording results
Defects recording
Sample management
Quality Information System
Dynamic modification of the inspection scope
Quality certificates
Quality notifications
Test equipment management
December 1999 7
Quality Planning
Quality Planning
Purpose
Quality planning enables you to manage basic data for quality and inspection planning and to
plan quality inspections with the help of inspection plans and material specifications.
The Quality planning component allows you to:
Manage quality information for materials, vendors, manufacturers and customers
Monitor the QM systems of vendors and manufacturers
Plan a source inspection at the vendors premises and trigger this inspection before the
delivery date.
Plan inspections for goods receipt, stock transfers, for production orders, for predefined
inspection points, in shipping when deliveries are created and plan recurring inspections
Plan inspection operations in work processes
Integration
The integration of the Quality planning component in the R/3 System allows quality planning
tasks to be combined with those of other components such as materials management, batch
management, inventory management, variant configuration and cost accounting.
Features
Quality inspection covers the following functions:
Master data management (material master, catalogs, selected sets, master inspection
characteristics, class characteristics, inspection methods, sampling procedures, sampling
schemes, dynamic modification rules, sample-drawing procedures, QM work centers).
Inspection planning (inspection plans, reference operation sets, material specifications).
Control mechanisms for:
Quality inspections (for example, inspection setup, QM-specific data in the material
master, QM order, batch management, serial number processing).
QM in procurement (for example, quality info record in procurement, quality
assurance agreements in procurement).
QM in production (for example, inspecting by batch, serial number processing,
inspection of variant products).
QM in Sales and Distribution (for example quality info record in sales, quality
assurance agreements in sales, technical delivery terms).
8 December 1999
Basic Data
Basic Data
Purpose
In the basic data (master data), you store information that is used often. In QM, the following
master records are available:
Inspection Method [Page 18]
Master Inspection Characteristic [Ext.]
Catalog [Ext.]
Sampling Procedure [Ext.]
Dynamic Modification Rule [Ext.]
Sampling Scheme [Ext.]
Sample-Drawing Procedure [Ext.]
If you use the basic data as a copy model, it will be considerably easier to enter data into the
system.
Integration
You can:
Include catalog data in master inspection characteristics, task lists, and notifications
Include master inspection characteristics in task lists
Include inspection methods in master inspection characteristics and inspection
characteristics contained in a task list
Include sampling procedures in inspection characteristics used in a task list
Include dynamic modification rules in inspection characteristics and in the task list header
Assign sample-drawing procedures to task list headers
Features
The Basic Data component contains the following functions:
Version management [Ext.] (only for inspection methods and master inspection
characteristics)
History management [Ext.] (for example, for inspection methods and master inspection
characteristics, but not for catalogs)
The system documents all changes that are made to the master records.
Use of the following master records as copy models to simplify the entry of data:
Inspection methods
Master inspection characteristics
December 1999 9
Basic Data
Sampling schemes
Sampling procedures
Dynamic modification rules
Sample-drawing procedures
Catalogs
Selected sets
Search for suitable master record
With inspection methods and master inspection characteristics, for example, you can
limit the search for the desired master record using various criteria (for example, key
date).
If you do not specify a key date, for example, the system displays all valid versions of
the master record.
Where-used lists for master inspection characteristics, inspection methods, code groups,
dynamic modification rules and sampling procedures.
Central replacement function for master inspection characteristics, inspection methods,
dynamic modification rules and sampling procedures.
10 December 1999
QM-Specific Data in the Material Master

Purpose
The Quality Management view of the material master primarily contains the control parameters
you need to process quality inspections throughout the logistics supply chain. In the material
master, you define various inspection parameters based on the inspection type (for example,
triggering events for quality inspections, inspection with or without a task list, with or without a
material specification and whether results are to be recorded for inspection characteristics). In
addition, you enter the control data for QM in Procurement [Page 26] in the material master.
Almost all Quality Management data is maintained at the plant level. This allows you
to control the QM processes for the different plants of a company in different ways.
You can use mass-processing transactions to change the inspection setup for
materials, activate and deactivate inspection types, as well as to distribute the
inspection setup [Ext.] in several systems.
Integration
QM-specific data in the material master plays a part in:
Managing quality information for materials, vendors and manufacturers
Certifying vendors and manufacturers, as well as monitoring their QM systems
Managing the release status of supply relationships, for example, for model or regular
deliveries
Evaluating vendors from a quality standpoint, using statistics from audits, goods receipt
inspections and problem notifications
Transferring quality documents, for example, technical delivery terms for requests for
quotations and purchase orders
Requesting quality certificates and monitoring certificate receipt
Triggering source inspections at the vendors premises before the scheduled delivery date
Inspections for goods movements, such as goods receipts
Blocking payments until inspection lots are accepted
Managing stock that is subject to a quality inspection and taking into account inspection lots
in material requirements planning
Transferring inspection results to the batch classification
Determining batches using inspection results from quality inspections
Monitoring batches with regard to their expiration date and the date for recurring inspections
Managing problems using quality notifications; processing complaints against a vendor
December 1999 11
Features
The information in the material master controls the quality management processes throughout
the logistics supply chain. You use the QM-specific data in the material master to control the
quality inspection process and to define whether a material is to be posted to inspection stock.
The material itself serves as the reference object for the quality inspection, quality certificates,
and quality notifications.
To control QM activities, you can, for example, define the following:
Procurement data
Procurement control key
Certificate type
Requirements for the vendor's QM system
Technical delivery terms
Display inspection setup
Inspection type
Use of a task list or material specification
Results recording for characteristics
Quality score procedure
Sample determination
See also:
Material Master [Ext.]
12 December 1999
Catalog
Catalog
Purpose
You use catalogs to manage, uniformly define, and standardize information (for example, defect
types, follow-up actions, tasks or characteristic attributes) on a client-wide or plant-wide basis.
The catalogs can help you to record and subsequently evaluate qualitative data, and to describe
problems.
In the catalogs, you assign each unit of information a unique alphanumeric code and an
explanatory text.
Integration
You can:
Directly assign catalogs to master inspection characteristics, (that is independently of the
inspection method), or assign them using the inspection method.
Store information at characteristic level in tasks lists with the help of catalogs
Use the catalogs to make it easier to record inspection results, defects, and defect locations
during inspection lot processing
Make usage decisions during inspection lot completion with the help of catalog 3
Use the catalogs to describe defect items, tasks, activities, and causes in quality
notifications, maintenance notifications, and service notifications
Features
You can:
Define catalog types P through Z in Customizing [Ext.] Catalog types 0 through 9 and A
through P are predefined in the R/3 System. The standard system contains the following
catalog types (among others):
Catalog Types Short Description
1 Characteristic attributes
2 Tasks
3 Usage decisions
4 Events
5 Causes
6 Results of defects
8 Activities (QM)
9 Defect types
A Activities (PM)
B Object parts
C Overview of damage
December 1999 13
Catalog
D Coding
E Defect locations
Create and change code groups in a catalog type
Group several codes together into code groups
Create selected sets at plant level that contain codes from different catalogs
14 December 1999
Inspection Characteristic
Purpose
You use inspection characteristics to describe the inspection criteria for materials, parts, and
products. You can create master inspection characteristics at the plant level to simplify and
standardize the inspection planning activities and to standardize the nomenclature. This allows
you to plan inspections systematically, uniformly, and economically.
You need the Inspection Characteristics component to plan inspections in which you store
characteristic-based inspection specifications in the material specifications or inspection plans.
In addition to the inspection plans in the Quality Management (QM) component, you also use the
following task list types:
Routings (PP)
Rate routings (PP)
Master recipes (PP-PI)
Maintenance task lists (PM)
Integration
Inspection characteristics are used in:
Task lists
When you create a task list, you can specify master inspection characteristics and you
can also create inspection characteristics in the task list. In a task list, you can reference
master inspection characteristics [Ext.], or include them as complete or incomplete copy
models. Only master inspection characteristics support a multiple-language requirement.
Material specifications
In material specifications, you can use a master inspection characteristic with or without
a reference to a class characteristic from a batch class [Ext.].
Master inspection characteristics, in turn, can also reference inspection methods and catalogs.
Features
Using the Inspection Characteristics component, you can:
Describe the inspection criteria for materials, parts, and products
Define the qualifications for inspectors
Manage master inspection characteristics as master records independently of a task list, edit
the master inspection characteristics centrally, and use the same master record numerous
times in different task lists
Use master inspection characteristics as copy models in the task lists
Reference master inspection characteristics in task lists or material specifications. You can
subsequently delete these references if necessary. If you created the master inspection
December 1999 15
characteristic as a complete copy model, the reference is automatically deleted when the
characteristic is included.
Every change you make to a master inspection characteristic that is referenced in a

task list is also reflected in the task list (provided you make the change without
history).
Create a where-used list to determine the task lists, material specifications and certificate
profiles, in which a master inspection characteristic is used.
If you use a master inspection characteristic in a task list, material specification or a

certificate profile, the system automatically sets a usage indicator so you cannot
inadvertently delete the master inspection characteristic.
Search for and replace master inspection characteristics in inspection plans and material
specifications (you can only replace referenced master inspection characteristics).
Make changes to master inspection characteristics with or without history. You specify the
required plant-specific default value for this function in the Customizing [Ext.] application. A
version management function ensures that all changes are documented.
Create different versions [Ext.] of a master inspection characteristic (for example, with
different validity periods)
Find the desired version of a master inspection characteristic with different validity periods by
specifying the key date
Classify master inspection characteristics
Assign inspection methods to master inspection characteristics
You can assign several inspection methods to a master inspection characteristic;

however, you can only assign one inspection method [Ext.] to an inspection
characteristic in a task list.
Define inspection characteristics as qualitative (for example, product color) or quantitative
characteristics (for example, material density).
Define inspection characteristics as calculated characteristics [Ext.] that is, as quantitative
inspection characteristics, whose values are calculated from the inspection results of other
characteristics (calculation input characteristics), according to a predefined formula.
Create dependencies between different inspection characteristics in an inspection operation
for dynamic modification of the inspection scope. Dynamic modification of the dependent
characteristic [Ext.] takes place based on the dynamic modification of the leading
characteristic.
Define an inspection characteristic as a leading characteristic, that is, as a required
characteristic, to which conditional characteristics are assigned in the operation of a task list.
Conditional characteristics are inspected, depending on the valuation of this leading
characteristic.
Set control indicators to specify the characteristic attributes
16 December 1999
Define tolerance keys for quantitative characteristics

Use master inspection characteristics for inspection specifications and for the transfer of
inspection results to the batch specification (provided you have maintained class
characteristics and batch classes)
Constraints
If you want to reference other master records from master inspection characteristics, you must
have already created the corresponding master records.
December 1999 17
Inspection method
Inspection method
Purpose
You use inspection methods to describe how to carry out an inspection for an inspection
characteristic. You can create master inspection methods at plant level to simplify and
standardize the inspection planning activities and to standardize the nomenclature. This allows
you to plan inspections systematically, uniformly, and economically.
Integration
Inspection methods are used in:
Task lists
When creating task lists, you can reference inspection methods directly in the inspection
plan [Ext.], or indirectly at characteristic level using master inspection characteristics
[Page 15].
Master inspection characteristics
You can assign several inspection methods to a master inspection characteristic,

however, you can only assign one inspection method to an inspection characteristic
in a task list.
Features
Using the Inspection Methods component, you can:
Describe the implementation of the inspection
Define the qualifications for inspectors The specifications in the inspection method take
precedence over the specifications from the master inspection characteristics.
Manage inspection methods as master records independently of a task list, edit the
inspection methods centrally, and use the same master record numerous times in different
task lists
Create a where-used list to determine in which master inspection characteristics and task
lists an inspection method is used.
If you reference an inspection method, the system automatically sets a usage

indicator so you cannot inadvertently delete the inspection method.
Search and replace inspection methods in task lists
Make changes to inspection methods with or without history. You specify the required plant-
specific default value for this function in the Customizing [Ext.] application. However, you can
also create a new version for a validity period manually. A version management function
ensures that all changes are documented.
Create several versions [Ext.] of an inspection method (for example, with different validity
periods)
18 December 1999
Inspection method
Find the required version of an inspection method with different validity periods by specifying
the key date
Classify inspection methods
Assign inspection methods to master inspection characteristics
Create inspection methods in different languages
Link documents (for example, specific inspection instructions, drawings etc.) to the inspection
method and can display these linked documents.
See also:
Displaying the Use of Inspection Methods [Ext.]
Replacing Inspection Methods [Ext.]
December 1999 19
Samples and SPC
Samples and SPC

Purpose
The automatic determination of samples is a part of inspection processing. Sampling procedures,
sampling plans and dynamic modification rules form the basic data for sample determination.
To adapt the inspection to the expected quality level, you can carry out dynamic modification on
the sample scope. Using the sampling procedure and dynamic modification rules defined in the
inspection characteristic, the system adapts the sample scope to the current quality level.
Features
You use the sample determination and the statistical process control (SPC) components to:
Evaluate the inspection lots using samples
Dynamically modify the sample scope using the quality level
Use control charts or capability scores for SPC (statistical process control)
20 December 1999
Sample Determination
Purpose
The automatic determination of samples is a part of the inspection process. The sampling
procedures, sampling schemes, and dynamic modification rules serve as the basic data for the
sample determination process.
To adapt the inspection to the expected quality level, the system can modify the inspection scope
dynamically. With the help of the sampling procedures and dynamic modification rules stored in
the inspection characteristics, the system modifies the inspection scope according to the current
quality level.
You use the Sample Determination component if you want:
To evaluate inspection lots on the basis of samples
The system to dynamically modify the inspection scope on the basis of the quality level
To implement statistical process control (SPC) with the help of control charts or process
capability indexes
Integration
On the basis of your predefined specifications, the system retrieves the information for the
sample determination from the following sources:
Basic Data What You Should Know
Sampling Scheme [Ext.] The sampling scheme contains information for
drawing samples, based on the size of the
inspection lot and various inspection
severities/AQLs.
You can assign a sampling scheme to a
sampling procedure.
Sampling Procedure [Ext.] In addition to the information about the
sampling type, the sampling procedure also
contains information about the valuation mode
for a characteristic during an inspection.
If you assigned a sampling scheme to a
sampling procedure, the system calculates the
sample sizes to be used to inspect the material
on the basis of the lot size and the inspection
severity (or inspection severity and AQL value).
Dynamic Modification Rule [Ext.] If you store a dynamic modification rule in the
inspection plan, the system varies the sample
size based on the past results. The dynamic
modification rule and the sampling procedure
must have an allowed relationship.
December 1999 21
Task List [Ext.] or Material Specification [Ext.] To calculate the sample size, you can assign a
sampling procedure to the characteristics in an
inspection plan or material specification. During
inspection processing, the system calculates
the sample sizes on the basis of the
specifications in the inspection characteristics.
Material Master Record Inspection Setup To allow the system to calculate samples
[Ext.] without a task list or material specification, in
the inspection setup in the material master
Quality Management view, enter a sampling
procedure for the inspection type. Using a
dynamic modification rule, the system can
determine the sample size on the basis of the
quality level. In this case, the system retrieves
the dynamic modification criteria from the
inspection lot origin.
See also:
Sampling Scheme Without Valuation Parameters [Ext.]
Defining Allowed Relationships [Ext.]
Dynamic Modification Criteria [Ext.]
Statistical Process Control (SPC) [Ext.]
22 December 1999
Inspection Planning
Inspection Planning
Purpose
You use the inspection planning functions to define inspection criteria (for example, material to
be inspected, how the inspection is to take place, characteristics to be inspected, required test
equipment, work center and inspection specifications). The R/3 System contains the following
inspection planning options:
You can use task lists (inspection plans [Ext.], routings [Ext.], rate routings [Ext.], master
recipes [Ext.], and maintenance task lists [Ext.]) to define inspection characteristics, their
assignment to inspection operations and the test equipment to be used. This enables you to
inspect materials at a quality inspection.
The material specification [Ext.] allows you to structure simple inspection planning
procedures at client level.
You can carry out a quality inspection without an inspection plan or material
specification using an inspection lot.
You define the parameters for inspection planning in the inspection setup [Ext.]
(Quality management view of the material master).
Inspection operations are increasingly integrated in the production operations. The R/3 System
offers you inspection plans for different uses, for example, model inspection, goods receipt
inspection, goods issue inspection, material inspection and audit. The system takes the task list
usage that you defined into account when selecting task lists.
Integration
In the inspection plan, you define the inspection operations, the inspection characteristics to be
inspected and the test equipment to be used. The inspection plan that is included in the QM
component is related to the routing and the rate routing in the Production (PP) component and to
the master recipe in the Process Industry PP-PI component. These task list types only differ
slightly, with respect to the inspection planning functions.
For inspections in production, you do not need to additionally maintain inspection plans. The
inspection characteristics are defined in the routings, rate routings or master recipes. You can
assign the characteristics to the production operations themselves, or to the operations intended
for inspection.
In inspection planning, you can reference the following master data:
QM-specific data
Material specification [Ext.]
Inspection plans [Ext.]
Master inspection characteristics [Page 15]
Inspection methods [Page 18]
December 1999 23
Inspection Planning
Code groups [Ext.] and selected sets [Ext.]

Sampling procedure [Ext.]
Sampling schemes [Ext.]
Dynamic modification rules [Ext.]
Quality documents [Ext.]
Quality info records [Ext.]
Other master data
Material master records [Page 11]
Data from the classification [Ext.]
Vendor master records [Ext.]
Customer master records [Ext.]
Customer info records [Ext.]
Test equipment master records [Ext.]
Work centers [Ext.]
Routings [Ext.]
Rate routings [Ext.]
Reference operation sets [Ext.]
Master recipes [Ext.]
Maintenance task lists [Ext.]
24 December 1999
Control in Logistics
Control in Logistics
Purpose
You use this component to control the integration of the QM application component in the
logistical processes.
Integration
QM is integrated in the master data and processes of:
Materials management (procurement, inventory management, warehouse management,
materials planning)
Production (work scheduling, production control)
Sales and distribution (delivery, certificate creation)
December 1999 25
QM in Procurement
QM in Procurement
Purpose
This component contains functions that allow you to integrate the tasks of Quality Management
with the procurement processes in your company. Using these functions, the Quality department
in your company can influence or control the following activities when materials are procured
from external suppliers:
Selecting suitable vendors
Processing requests for quotations
Processing purchase orders
Processing goods receipt inspections
If your company purchases materials from external vendors, you can implement the QM in
Procurement (QM-PT-RP-PRC) component to support your procurement processes for quality
assurance purposes.
Integration
If you want to implement the QM in Procurement component, your company must also use the
Purchasing (MM-PUR) component. If you require functions for processing goods movements,
you must also install the Inventory Management (MM-IM) component.
You can implement the QM in Procurement component as a stand-alone component or together
with the Quality Inspection (QM-IM) component. As a stand-alone component, you can use all
procurement functions except those for processing goods receipt inspections. To process such
inspections, you need the Quality Inspection component.
Features
Using the functions of the QM in Procurement component, you can:
Manage quality-related information for materials, vendors, and manufacturers in quality
info records
Release or block vendors and manufacturers
Monitor the QM systems of vendors and manufacturers
Supply quality documents with requests for quotations and purchase orders
Evaluate vendors on the basis of quality
Certify vendors or manufacturers that have QM systems implemented, to reduce the
inspection requirement
Manage and release supply relationships
Request that quality certificates be submitted with the delivered goods and monitor the
receipt of these certificates
Inspect vendor goods at vendor sites (source inspections)
26 December 1999
QM in Procurement
Inspect vendor goods upon receipt (goods receipt inspections)

Manage the posted goods in inspection stock
Block the payment of invoices until the goods have been inspected and accepted
Process goods receipt inspections for manufacturer-specific materials
Inspect goods that have been externally processed when they are returned in a goods
receipt
December 1999 27

Purpose
The Quality Management (QM) component supports Sales and Distribution (SD) by processing
quality inspections and creating quality certificates for deliveries. A quality inspection for a
delivery allows you to check the quality of a material or product before it leaves the
manufacturer's or vendor's premises.
The Quality Management (QM) component supports your sales and distribution activities:
With quality inspections for a delivery (based on sales organization, customer, and material)
With quality certificates for a delivery (with reference to sales organization, customer, and
material)
By managing customer terms of delivery
Integration
If a delivery is created in SD for a product or material, the QM component automatically creates
an inspection lot for the delivery items that must be inspected. A delivery item must be inspected
if the corresponding control parameters are active in the SD and QM components. The delivery
can be released for the goods issue posting, provided a usage decision to accept the goods is
made for the inspection lot.
When the system creates quality certificates, it accesses the data in Sales and Distribution (for
example, customer master and sales order), Quality Management (for example, inspection
specification and inspection results), and Materials Management (for example, batch
specification).
Features
The R/3 System creates an inspection lot when a delivery is created. The system supports
quality inspections for inspection lots with the following origins:
Delivery with reference to a sales order
Delivery without reference to a sales order
General delivery (without reference to a customer)
In the control data, you can specify that the inspection lot must be accepted as a prerequisite
for the goods issue and you can also indicate whether the inspection should be carried out
during the goods issue or by the ship-to party.
If the stocks for a material are managed in batches, you can select suitable batches [Ext.] on
the basis of batch characteristic values.
With the help of the where-used list, you can determine which raw material batches were
included in which batches of a final product.
You can identify which batches were dispatched to a customer with which deliveries.
28 December 1999
You can create customer-specific quality certificates together with the other shipping
documents, print them out or transmit them by fax, and archive them in an optical archive
using ArchiveLink. If customers have the required authorization, they can also create and
retrieve quality certificates over the Internet.
See also:
Batch Determination in Sales and Distribution [Ext.]
Working with Batches in Deliveries [Ext.]
Batch Determination for Deliveries [Ext.]
Batch Data from Deliveries [Ext.]
Display Where-Used List for Batches [Ext.]
Batch Where-Used List [Ext.]
Displaying Information on Batch Determination [Ext.]
Triggering Manual Batch Determination for Deliveries [Ext.]
Batches in Sales & Distribution [Ext.]
Goods Issue for Batches [Ext.]
Batch Determination [Ext.]
December 1999 29
Quality Inspection
Quality Inspection
Purpose
You use the Quality Inspection component to determine whether your companys product
consistently meets defined quality requirements. In a quality inspection, you inspect a material or
product, using inspection specifications that have been predefined in the Inspection planning
[Page 23] component. Although the inspection results only document the current quality of a
material or product, this information is also useful for quality control [Page 42] (for example, to
optimize future processes).
Integration
Quality inspection covers the following important functions:
Inspection lot creation [Page 31]
Results recording [Page 32]
Defects recording [Page 35]
Inspection lot completion [Page 37]
30 December 1999
Inspection Lot Creation
Inspection Lot Creation

Purpose
In the Quality Management (QM) component, you process quality inspections on the basis of
inspection lots [Ext.]. If you want to inspect a specific quantity of a material or a piece of
equipment, an inspection lot must be created in the system. The documentation describes how
inspection lots are created automatically or manually and how you use the inspection lots to
process different types of inspections. Once an inspection lot has been created, you can inspect
the goods, record the inspection results or defects, and complete the inspection with a usage
decision.
You should implement the Inspection Lot Creation component if you want to create inspection
lots in the system. You must also implement the following additional QM components to be able
to plan, process, and complete the inspections:
Basic Data (QM-PT-BD)
Inspection Planning (QM-PT-IP)
Results Recording (QM-IM-RR)
Defects Recording (QM-IM-RR-DEF)
Inspection Lot Completion (QM-IM-UD)
Integration
You must also implement one or more of the following components in the logistics supply chain,
depending on your requirements for inspection lot processing:
Component You will need this component if you want to:
Materials Management (MM) Manage materials and material stocks in the system
and process inspections for goods movements
Production Planning and Control (PP) Process inspections during production when production
orders or process orders are released
Sales and Distribution (SD) Process goods issue inspections when deliveries are
created
Plant Maintenance (PM) Process calibration inspections for equipment or
functional locations when maintenance orders are
released
December 1999 31
Results Recording
Results Recording
Purpose
In the Results Recording component, you record and process results for inspection
characteristics. The inspection lot [Ext.] is the reference object in results recording.
The recorded inspection results document the quality of the inspected product and provide the
basis for creating batch specifications and inspection certificates. You can use the recorded
result data to make evaluations for quality control purposes.
Integration
In addition to results recording based on characteristics, you can also use process-optimized
results recording [Ext.] to record inspection results for all operations, inspection points or lots
depending on your requirements.
You can also process defect data using the defects recording [Page 35] function.
Prerequisites
To be able to record inspection results, the following conditions must be met:
Inspection specifications (task list or material specification) are assigned to the inspection lot
If you inspect according to configuration or batch, the inspection specifications are

changed correspondingly from the task list or material specification. For more
information, see Editing the Inspection Setup [Ext.].
Characteristics have been created
Sample calculation [Ext.] has been carried out
The processing status of an inspection lot is documented by the inspection lot status.
For more information about the inspection lot status, see Status Management for
Inspection Lots [Ext.].
Features
Using this component, you can:
Process results for an operation [Ext.]
Process results for multiple samples
Process results for different inspection point categories [Ext.]:
For an inspection point during production
For a physical sample
For equipment
For a functional location
32 December 1999
Results Recording
Process results for a delivery in sales and distribution

Display individual results for a characteristic (confirmation number)
Decide to accept or reject the inspection characteristics
Calculate summarized characteristic values
Record defect data straight from the results recording function
Close inspection characteristics [Ext.]
Print inspection results
December 1999 33
Characteristic Results
Characteristic Results
Purpose
Characteristic results are the properties of the inspection characteristic determined during an
inspection. These are recorded and evaluated according to the specifications in the task list. If
defects have been found, the system can automatically create defect records to document the
nature of the defects. If the need for additional characteristics becomes apparent during the
inspection; (that is, you want to inspect characteristics that are not included in the inspection
plan), these can be defined retrospectively in results recording.
Integration
If you want to record results for inspection characteristics, you also need to select the following
components:
Basic Data [Page 9]
Inspection Planning [Page 23]
Features
Depending on how detailed you want your inspection results to be, you can choose from various
recording forms:
Summarized values for each inspection characteristic
Classed values for each inspection characteristic
Single values for each inspection characteristic
After the results are recorded, each inspection characteristic is closed with an acceptance or
rejection decision.
34 December 1999
Defects Recording
Defects Recording
Purpose
When you process an inspection lot, you can record the results for the inspection in the form of
characteristic values or defects. A defect is any property or attribute of a material, product or
process that does not meet the inspection characteristic specifications. You record the defects
with the help of predefined defect codes maintained in the inspection catalogs.
The need to record defects depends on the manufactured product and the production process.
Defect records can serve as a valuable source of information for quality control in many different
production environments. They allow you to improve quality and optimize processes, while
reducing costs and increasing productivity. Defects recording is primarily used in the following
areas:
Production of Complex Products or Systems
Defects recording is a very important tool for the production of complex products or
systems (for example, electronic equipment, cars and industrial machinery). In this area,
a consistently high product quality level can only be maintained if the defects are kept to
a minimum or eliminated altogether. Defect records are required to identify quality
problems in the production process and to comprehensively evaluate the defect data (for
example, the total number of all defects, the total number of defects categorized by
defect type, a valuation of defects based on various factors such as location,
seriousness, etc.).
Discrete Manufacturing
In the production of less complex, single parts such as nuts, bolts, or bearings, you are
likely to record both characteristic values and defects. For example, a manufacturer of
ball bearings may record characteristic values for the bearing diameter, as well as the
defects that affect the quality of the bearing material.
Features
You can record defects in the form of defect records using the Quality Management component.
You can analyze defects and their causes on the basis of defect records. You can determine
what corrective action is necessary to eliminate the defect cause and prevent them from
recurring. Defect records can be created in the following ways:
The system can create defect records automatically during results recording.
You can create defect records manually using the defects recording function.
Once a defect record has been created, it is saved in the system as a quality notification. A
quality notification is a system-supported problem message that you can use to process different
types of problems relating to poor-quality goods or services. Quality notifications are processed
in the Quality Notifications component.
December 1999 35
Defects Recording
Automatic
Defects Inspection lot Results Usage
Recording creation recording decision
Automatic
defect records
Quality Tasks/
notifications activities
Manual
Inspection lot Manual Usage
Defects creation defect records decision
Recording
Information in a Defect Record

A defect record may contain all or part of the following information:
Defect type
Defect location
Defect cause
Corrective action taken
Defect valuation
36 December 1999
Inspection Lot Completion

Purpose
Once inspection results have been recorded for an inspection lot and the inspection is finished,
you must reach a decision about the usage of the inspected material. The Inspection Lot
Completion (QM-IM-UD) component provides you with the functions to:
Complete an inspection (inspection completion)
Make the usage decision for an inspection lot
Make stock postings for inspection lots that were created as a result of goods
movements (for example, to unrestricted-use stock, blocked stock, and scrap)
When you make a usage decision for an inspection lot, the system also:
Calculates a quality score for the inspection lot
Updates the quality level (inspection stages for next inspection lot)
Updates the QM Information System with statistical data
Triggers automatic follow-up actions (optional)
Integration
To use the full capabilities of the Inspection Lot Completion component, you must implement the
following components in QM to be able to create inspection lots and to define codes in the usage
decision catalog:
Inspection Lot Creation (QM-IM-IL)
Catalog (QM-PT-BD-CAT)
If you process inspection lots that reference objects from other integrated applications or that
need to be supported by these applications, you may have to implement one or more of the
following components:
Materials Management (MM) / Inventory Management (MM-IM)
Production Planning (PP) / Production Planning for Process Industries (PP-PI)
Sales and Distribution (SD)
Plant Maintenance (PM)
Batches (LO-BM)
You can implement the SAP Business Workflow (BC-BMT-WFM) component to trigger workflow
tasks that are related to the usage decision (for example, to inform a person that stock postings
still need to be made or that a long-term inspection is still open).
Features
Inspection completion
You can only make the usage decision for an inspection lot when all required characteristics and
processed optional characteristics have been closed. If open, long-term characteristics still exist
December 1999 37
when you complete the inspection, the system documents the completion of a short-term
inspection. Once an inspection has been completed, you can no longer change the inspection
results.
Usage decision
When you make the usage decision, you decide whether to accept or reject the goods in the
inspection lot based on the results of the inspection. While you are in the transaction for the
usage decision, you can also:
Record defects
Activate quality notifications
Confirm activities for QM orders
Make stock postings
Once you have made the usage decision, the inspection is completed.
38 December 1999
Quality-Related Costs
Purpose
Quality-related costs are the costs that are incurred by a company for planning and assuring the
quality of a product or service, based on predefined quality requirements. These costs cover a
wide range of expenses relating to the tasks of quality assurance. In the Quality Management
(QM) application component there are the following quality-related costs:
Appraisal costs
These costs are associated with inspection processing activities (for example, labor,
material and equipment costs for inspections).
Nonconformity costs
Nonconformity costs cover internal or external nonconformities that are associated with a
product or service (for example, defect costs, rework costs or warranty expenses). You
record costs of this type when you process quality notifications.
In the QM component, you can only record the actual appraisal and nonconformity costs.
Functions for managing planned costs are currently not supported. Other types of quality-
related costs, such as prevention costs, can also be recorded in other R/3 application
components. For example, you can record the expenses for training the quality inspectors in the
Human Resources (HR) component.
The recording of quality-related costs is essential for a successful quality management program.
In many companies and service organizations, the quality-related costs can represent a sizable
share of the organization's expenditures. By recording its quality-related costs effectively, a
company can control these costs and improve quality. This results in increased productivity and
competitiveness, while improving customer satisfaction.
December 1999 39
Sample Management
Sample Management
Purpose
The Quality Management (QM) application component includes comprehensive functions for
processing and managing physical samples during goods receipt [Ext.] and production [Ext.]. The
Sample Management component supplements the existing QM functions for processing samples
by allowing you to:
Flexibly plan the drawing of physical samples
Identify physical samples on the basis of unique, client-wide keys
Record inspection results for physical samples
Manage the physical-sample data in the system
The Sample Management component supports many of the requirements in the process industry
for documenting and tracking the physical samples drawn in quality inspections. It provides the
QM component with many of the functions that are typically found in Laboratory Information
Management Systems (LIMS).
Sample management capabilities are particularly important in the food, chemical, and
pharmaceutical industries, where products are often subjected to complex chemical, organic and
physical quality inspections. You should consider implementing the Sample Management
component if your company needs to:
Process different types of physical samples (for example, goods receipt samples,
production samples, competitor samples)
Draw different categories of physical samples (for example, primary samples, pooled
samples, and reserve samples)
Define procedures for drawing physical samples based on different inspection
processing procedures
Plan sufficient quantities of physical samples for several inspections
Store and track physical samples for a specified period of time
Integration
The functions of the Sample Management component (QM-IM-SM) are integrated with the QM
functions for planning inspections, processing inspection lots, and recording inspection results. If
you want to process and manage physical samples using the Sample Management component,
you must also implement the following QM components:
Quality Planning (QM-PT)
Quality Inspection (QM-IM)
Features
The Sample Management component gives you increased flexibility and control in the following
areas:
40 December 1999
Sample Management
Inspection planning
You can create sample-drawing procedures [Ext.] to define your strategy for creating and
drawing physical samples. For example, you can specify:
Which categories of physical samples should be drawn (for example, primary
samples, pooled samples, and reserve samples).
How many physical samples must be drawn
If your materials are delivered in different types of containers, you can define different
procedures for drawing physical samples from different container types.
To activate the functions for sample management, you must assign a sample-drawing
procedure to a task list. As a result, the information in the sample-drawing procedure
applies to all materials that are inspected with the task list.
Inspection processing
The system automatically creates physical-sample records [Ext.] for all planned physical
samples when it creates an inspection lot. A unique physical-sample number identifies
each physical sample.
The system assigns all physical samples that were created automatically for an
inspection lot to a unique physical-sample-drawing [Ext.] number. Using this number, you
can determine how many physical samples were drawn from an inspection lot and how
many pooled and reserve samples were created.
In addition to the planned, automatically generated physical samples, you can create
physical samples manually.
You can record inspection results for all automatically and manually created physical
samples.
When you make the usage decision for an inspection lot, you can display an overview
of all processed physical samples with their respective statuses.
You can track the physical samples after the inspection by recording the physical sample
location data in the physical-sample records.
December 1999 41
Quality Control
Quality Control
Purpose
Quality control includes a number of preventive, monitoring and corrective activities that use
default values from quality planning as well as evaluations of the quality inspection and quality
notification.
Features
The Quality Management (QM) application component includes the following quality control
functions:
Dynamic sample determination corresponding to the quality level
Statistical process control (SPC) using control charts
Valuation of inspection lots using quality key figures
Quality notifications for internal and external problems and corrective measures
Linking of SAP Business Workflow to inspection lot processing and problem processing
Quality Information System for inspections and inspection results
Quality Information System for quality notifications
42 December 1999
Information System
Information System
Purpose
You can use the Quality Management Information System at a variety of levels in the decision-
making process as an instrument for monitoring, controlling and planning your business
operations.
It is a flexible tool for collecting, aggregating and analyzing data from Quality Management. The
information system allows you to view all information in the operative application from a wide
range of perspectives. You can also define the level of detail in which you wish to see the
information.
The QM Information System helps you to monitor the way in which quality aims are achieved and
to react to any deviations in time. Data from the QM inspection and from QM notifications is
aggregated in the information system to make informative key figures.
Integration
The data is evaluated either by means of standard analyses or flexible analyses. Flexible
planning, the Early Warning System and the Logistics Information Library are integrated in the
QM Information System.
Tools are available in Customizing, which allow you to apply a self-defined structure to your
information system and tailor it to meet your own specific requirements.
The QM Information System is part of the Logistics Information System (LIS). All information
systems in LIS make use of the same techniques for analyzing data and they all have the same
user interface.
Use of the Quality Management component is a prerequisite for the Quality Management
Information System component. It is also possible, however, to include external data (e.g. from
non-SAP systems).
If you select the Quality Management Information System component while you are in the Quality
Management application itself, then you do not need to select the Logistics Information System
component at Logistics General level.
December 1999 43
Reporting
Reporting
Purpose
The reporting component comprises the standard analyses and flexible analyses of the Quality
Management Information System.
Features
The standard and flexible analyses enable you to analyze and evaluate data that is written to the
Quality Management Information System.
Standard analyses
The standard analyses are based on statistical data from Quality Management and
provide a wide range of options for evaluating key figures and displaying the results
graphically (e.g. portfolio graphics, ABC analysis, cumulative frequency curve, correlation
curve, previous year comparison, planned/actual comparison, etc.).
Flexible analyses
Flexible analyses allow you to group together and aggregate key figures yourself and
vary the layout of your reports.
44 December 1999
Planning
Planning
Purpose
You use this component if you want to define and plan your own key figures. The key figures
available in the standard system (for example, average quality score for inspection lots, number
of problem notifications over a period of time) are not usually used for planning purposes.
Integration
The planning functions of the LIS Information System are integrated into the central component
Sales & Operations Planning (SOP), which is a central planning and forecasting tool.
Features
In the planning tool (SOP), historical, existing, or estimated future data can be taken into account.
SOP supports both the high-level planning of complex planning hierarchies and the detailed
planning of finished products.
December 1999 45
Data Collection
Data Collection
Purpose
This component allows you to define and construct your own Logistics Data Warehouse. You use
variable data structures, to ensure that the varying requirements of different user groups and
applications are fulfilled.
The data collection component (Logistics Data Warehouse) is central to the Logistics Information
System (LIS) and is integrated in all LIS information systems.
Integration
Selection of the data collection component is a prerequisite for using all other components in the
logistics information systems.
Constraints
Self-defined information structures play a key role in this process. A variety of tools allow these
structures to be filled with customer-specific data (even external data).
In addition, the data collection component contains functions that allow you to define the way in
which statistical data from the application is written to the information system. Update groups and
update rules are also available to help you with your definition.
46 December 1999
Logistics Information Library
Logistics Information Library

Purpose
The Logistics Information Library (LIL) helps you to create, classify and find key figures in the
area of Logistics.
Integration
It is integrated in all information systems of the Logistics Information System (LIS) as an
individual menu option.
Features
The Logistics Information Library uses simple search strategies that enable you to access all key
figures in the LIS information systems. The LIL also offers you the option of cataloging and
structuring key figures.
The LIL also allows you to access key figures that are not integrated in any key figure system
and those that have been created specifically for your own business purposes. The LIL enables
you to integrate reports, transactions, information systems and tables from different areas of
Logistics, such as Purchasing, Sales and Production.
You can search for and call up a specific key figure, without knowing the exact name of the
report, the transaction code or the menu path.
December 1999 47
Early Warning System
Early Warning System

Purpose
The Early Warning System aids the decision-making process by enabling you to select and
monitor weak points.
Integration
The Early Warning System is integrated in the Quality Management Information System.
Features
The key figures of the QM Information System [Page 43] form the basis for the analysis.
The Early Warning System allows you to search for exceptional situations and thus helps you to
detect and rectify potential problems at an early stage
You can define your own exceptional situations in the form of exceptions, and specify the
conditions for subsequent follow-up processing. If an exceptional situation occurs, then you can
be informed automatically by mail or fax, for instance, or you can view the critical data in the
system.
48 December 1999
Quality Control
Quality Control
Purpose
You use quality control to:
Update of the quality level based on the inspection results
Usage of control charts to control the characteristic values
Update of the vendor evaluation for the procurement process
Active quality control ensures the constant quality of the processes and products
December 1999 49
Quality Level
Quality Level
Definition
The quality level is a data record that the system automatically updates at the time of dynamic
modification (at lot creation or when the usage decision is made), by checking the conditions for
an inspection stage change and, if necessary, storing a new inspection stage for the next
inspection.
Use
The information in the quality level determines which inspection stage will be used for the sample
determination of the next inspection lot.
The system updates the fields in the quality level differently during dynamic modification. This
depends on whether dynamic modification occurs at lot creation or when the usage decision is
made. You define which of these times will apply in the dynamic modification rule [Ext.].
Structure
The following information (among other data) is contained in the quality level at the header or
characteristic level:
The number of inspections that have occurred since the last stage change.
The number of inspections that were unsuccessful.
These counters are updated accordingly each time the quality level is updated. The system uses
these counters to determine when an inspection stage change should occur. The conditions for a
stage change are defined in the dynamic modification rule.
50 December 1999
Control Charts
Control Charts
Purpose
A control chart is a graphical tool used by quality technicians to control, analyze and document
the processes involved in production and other quality-relevant areas.
Control charts are used to detect systematic deviations of a quality characteristic from a target
value (signals) against the background of inevitable, random fluctuations in individual measured
values (interference). Today, this form of control chart is the central element of statistical
process control (SPC).
Control charts are primarily used in inspections during production to monitor and manage
controlled production processes . A process is controlled or under statistical control if the
observed process parameters only vary randomly from sample to sample. The control chart can
be used to detect special influences on the process. You correct the disturbances by intervening
in the process. You can use the control chart to determine whether the correction was
successful.
The control chart is also a suitable medium for determining whether a process is or was in control
or not, even if it is too late for corrective interventions. The control chart, therefore, can also be
used for procurement and dispatch (for example, for incoming inspections based on a scheduling
agreement with periodic release orders).
Integration
You define how to run a control chart for an inspection characteristic during your inspection
planning activities. You can run control charts within an inspection lot/production order or for
several inspection lots/production orders.
You can display and update control charts during results recording or using a separate
transaction. You can have the system calculate the action limits and warning limits (if necessary)
in the control chart window. The algorithms required to do this are stored in the Customizing
application and can be replaced if necessary.
You can use a control chart to valuate the inspection results.
If the relevant valuation rule is used, a sample is rejected if at least one of the action limits
defined in the associated control chart was violated.
If action limits are violated, the Workflow can be triggered automatically, provided that you have
defined a suitable defect code in the inspection plan characteristic and the system has been set
accordingly.
You cannot valuate inspection results based on the action limits and link the
Workflow for moving mean-value charts, EWMA charts, and moving range charts.
A run-chart [Ext.] is a graphic that is similar to a control chart. The run chart displays a
chronological curve of the measured values or sample mean values for a characteristic. In
contrast to control charts, a run chart does not contain action limits; instead, it contains limits for
the tolerance range. As with a histogram [Ext.], you can call up a run chart during results
recording and when making evaluations, without making any prior settings in the basic data.
December 1999 51
Control Charts
Features
In statistical process control, one or more control variables of the observed characteristic are
selected and determined by taking samples from the process at set time intervals if possible.
These statistics are entered in the chart in chronological order. The most important control
variables are:
Mean value x
Standard deviation s
Median value
Range
Original value of a sample
Number of nonconforming units
Number of defects
Two control variables of a characteristic are often run in parallel as two tracks on a control chart
(for example, the mean value and the standard deviation). In this example, the location and
dispersion of the process can be observed at the same time.
Apart from the control variable, each track on the control chart also contains control limits for
the process. You must intervene in the process if these limits are violated. In addition to these
action limits, you can also define warning limits (only when using SAP Statistical Graphics) or a
mean line for individual chart types.
The limits are generally determined from the current process data or the results of a preliminary
run, using statistical methods. The limits are calculated using various algorithms that are based
on different mathematical approaches.
The standard control charts are:
Acceptance charts
Shewhart charts
Acceptance charts are based on the specified tolerance and control the share of scrap in the
process. With these charts, the limits are extended if a long-term reduction in the process
dispersion can be achieved by means of technical or organizational changes.
With Shewhart charts, the limits contract in this case. These charts only take internal process
parameters into account and not external tolerance specifications. In a constantly recurring
statistical test, the hypothesis that the defined "in control" status of the process has not (yet)
changed, is tested.
Other types of control chart are currently used in industry in addition to these standard types.
These include charts with extended limits, pre-control charts, cusum charts and various moving-
average charts.
The following control chart types are available in the Quality Management component for
inspection characteristics:
Mean value chart with tolerances (acceptance chart)
Mean value chart without tolerances (Shewhart chart)
Standard deviation chart (Shewhart chart)
52 December 1999
Control Charts
Moving mean-value chart

EWMA chart (for mean values with exponential weighting)
Original value and moving range chart for sample size n = 1
NP-chart for the number of nonconforming units
P-chart for the fraction of nonconforming units
C-chart for the number of defects
U-chart for the number of defects for each sample unit
December 1999 53
Update of Vendor Evaluation
Update of Vendor Evaluation

Purpose
The vendor evaluation [Ext.] provides a decision base for the selection sources of supply in
procurement, as well as detailed information on the most favorable prices, payment and delivery
conditions. It is based on the quality scores from the inspection lots.
54 December 1999
Quality Certificates
Purpose
A quality certificate certifies the quality of goods. The chemical or physical properties of goods
can be recorded as:
Inspection results
Characteristics for the batch
A customer may have specific demands for quality, which may take the form of customer-specific
specifications (specification limits), or lead to additional quality inspections.
In addition to customer-specific certificates in which the contents and layout is tailored to the
customer requirements, there are also general certificates that are suitable for use by a greater
number of customers.
Generally, a quality certificate is created automatically or semi-automatically for a delivery item.
In certain cases, a certificate may be requested ad hoc from a location for which no
customer/vendor relationship exists. You can create a certificate directly for an inspection lot or
a batch, when a delivery does not exist.
Integration
You can set up the system, so that certificates are automatically stored using the SAP
ArchiveLink after printing. For more information, see:
Retrieving Archived Certificates Using ArchiveLink [Ext.]
Storage of Outgoing Certificates (QM-CA-CG) [Ext.]
Features
Using the Quality Certificates component you can:
Automatically create certificates when materials are shipped
Distribute certificates to a predefined list of recipients
Print certificates, or send them by fax or EDI (For more information about sending certificates
with EDI, see the CA documentation EDI Transmission of a Quality Certificate (QM-CA)
[Ext.].)
Create certificates in the language of each recipient
Simulate certificates on the screen and create sample print outs
Store certificates using SAP ArchiveLink
Define the format, layout and contents of certificates to meet internal or customer
specifications
The layout, format and contents of certificates are defined through the interaction of certificate
profiles and SAPscript forms.
The certificate profile Controls the selection of inspection lots, partial lots and characteristics
December 1999 55
The form Controls the page layout and format of the data on the certificate. A
generally defined form can be linked to several certificate profiles.
Within the certificate profile, you determine the selection and sequence of the characteristics
whose results are to be documented on the certificate. You can vary the origin and
representation of the data for each characteristic. You can also withhold certain information from
the certificate, if, for example, you do not want to reveal a certain measured value.
At the header level of the certificate profile, you can define restrictions for selecting inspection
lots and partial lots. For example, you may want to specify that only lots with a quality score of at
least 80 are considered. At certificate creation, the system selects all inspection lots and partial
lots for the material (and batch, if necessary) that meet the selection criteria and have a usage
decision. The characteristics are then retrieved from the most recent inspection lot or partial lot in
this list. (The lot creation date is the determining factor.)
You assign objects, such as material, material group, or material/customer combinations to the
certificate profiles. By doing so, you can plan certificates individually for specific customers. At
the same time, you can define general certificate profiles that you can use, if you have not
defined a special certificate profile for the customer.
The assignment of a profile to an object has a validity period. However, the profile itself does not
have a validity period. The system can find the correct certificate profile using the assignment.
The assignment and determination of a certificate profile is processed using the condition
technique.
56 December 1999
Basic Data for Certificates
Basic Data for Certificates

Purpose
You use basic data for certificates to define certificate profiles and for profile determination.
The quality characteristic values contained in the certificate can come from the following sources:
Quality specifications (inspection characteristics, material specifications, inspection plans)
Quality inspections
Batch classifications
Integration
Depending on the origin of the information contained in the certificate, you need the following
additional components:
Quality Planning [Page 8]
Quality Inspection [Page 30]
Basic data logistics/batches
Classification System
December 1999 57
Certificate Creation
Certificate Creation
Purpose
In general, a certificate is created for a delivery item. In individual cases, a certificate can also be
created ad hoc from a location for which there is no customer-vendor relationship, and for which,
therefore, no delivery exists. In such a case, a certificate can be created directly for an inspection
lot or batch.
Integration
If you want to create certificates for delivery items, you also need the following components:
Sales and Distribution/Shipping/Delivery Processing
Sales and Distribution/Basic Functions/Output Determination
Features
The R/3 System can find the certificate recipient and the output device automatically. It can also
archive a printed certificate
See also:
Certificate Creation [Ext.]
58 December 1999
Quality Notifications
Purpose
This component contains functions for recording and processing different types of problems (for
example, problems resulting from poor-quality goods or services). You can use the notifications
to analyze the recorded defects and monitor the correction of these problems. In particular, the
notifications can help you process internal or external problems such as:
Complaints filed by customers
Complaints against vendors
Company-internal problems
Other user-specific problems
As an extremely flexible system, you can also use this component to process and manage
information of a positive nature (for example, to implement a "suggestion system" in your
company to manage improvements).
You should implement this component if your company needs an effective and efficient tool that
can:
Manage and process its internal and external problems
Help you optimize your business processes through continuous process improvement
Integration
The quality notifications are a part of the general system of notifications in the R/3 System that
also includes maintenance notifications in the Plant Maintenance (PM) component and service
notifications in the Customer Service (CS) component.
The quality notifications are also integrated with the following processes in the logistics supply
chain:
Repairs Processing [Ext.] (Quality Management, Customer Service, Sales and Distribution)
Complaint Processing [Ext.] (Quality Management, Materials Management, and Sales and
Distribution)
Integration with Other Quality Management Components

If you want to You must install
Access catalog code groups and codes to Catalog (QM-PT-BD-CAT)
document the defect items, causes, and tasks in
a quality notification
Create quality notifications while processing an Quality Inspection (QM-IM)
inspection to record quality-related problems
Analyze the notification data using various QM Information System (QM-QC-IS)
evaluation tools
December 1999 59
Create quality notifications for customer Quality Notifications on the Internet (QM-QN-
complaints over the Internet NT)
Integration with Other R/3 Components

If you want to You must install
Settle the nonconformity costs recorded for a Controlling (CO)
notification problem in a QM order
Trigger workflow tasks in the course of notification SAP Business Workflow (BC-BMT-WFM)
processing.
Store notification-related documents in an optical SAP ArchiveLink (BC-SRV-ARL)
archive
Classify defect items in a notification using general Classification System (CA-CL)
characteristics
Link documents managed in the R/3 System's Document Management System (CA-DMS)
Document Management System to a quality
notification
Features
The quality notifications include a wide range of features and functions. In general, you can use a
quality notification to:
Describe a problem and identify the affected reference objects (for example, material,
vendor, manufacturer)
Record the names of all persons (partners) who are involved with the problem
Define processing parameters for the quality notification (for example, assigning a priority to
the notification and specifying a time range within which the problem should be completed)
Record individual defect items that relate to the problem and analyze their causes
Specify the corrective actions to be taken (for example, tasks that are implemented
immediately or corrective tasks that are implemented after a thorough analysis of the defects)
Monitor the execution of corrective actions through a status management function
Log all activities that have been carried out for the problem
Record the nonconformity costs incurred while processing and correcting a problem
Print, fax, archive or export various types of reports (shop papers) that relate to the problem
In addition, this component also allows you to selectively generate lists of recorded notifications
for processing or evaluation purposes.
60 December 1999
Creating Quality Notifications
Creating Quality Notifications

Purpose
You can create quality notifications on certain occasions, for example, for:
Complaints against a vendor
Customer complaints
Internal problems
The R/3 System can automatically store defect data from the quality inspection as quality
notifications.
Integration
If you want to record quality notifications, you also need to select the component Basic Data
[Page 9].
December 1999 61
Processing Quality Notifications
Processing Quality Notifications

Purpose
In notification processing, you can analyze problems, specify tasks and monitor their completion.
Integration
Depending on the scope of the notification processing, you will need certain cross-application
components, such as:
Organization Management
SAP Business Workflow
SAP ArchiveLink
If you want to trigger automatic follow-up actions for tasks in the system, you need the
components, in which the follow-up actions will become effective.
62 December 1999
Purpose
Quality-related costs are the costs that are incurred by a company for planning and assuring the
quality of a product or service, based on predefined quality requirements. These costs cover a
wide range of expenses relating to the tasks of quality assurance. In the Quality Management
(QM) application component there are the following quality-related costs:
Appraisal costs
These costs are associated with inspection processing activities (for example, labor,
material and equipment costs for inspections).
Nonconformity costs
Nonconformity costs cover internal or external nonconformities that are associated with a
product or service (for example, defect costs, rework costs or warranty expenses). You
record costs of this type when you process quality notifications.
In the QM component, you can only record the actual appraisal and nonconformity costs.
Functions for managing planned costs are currently not supported. Other types of quality-
related costs, such as prevention costs, can also be recorded in other R/3 application
components. For example, you can record the expenses for training the quality inspectors in the
Human Resources (HR) component.
The recording of quality-related costs is essential for a successful quality management program.
In many companies and service organizations, the quality-related costs can represent a sizable
share of the organization's expenditures. By recording its quality-related costs effectively, a
company can control these costs and improve quality. This results in increased productivity and
competitiveness, while improving customer satisfaction.
December 1999 63
Test Equipment Management

Purpose
In many companies, test equipment is used for quality inspections. To ensure that the test
equipment used continues to meet the predefined performance specifications, most companies
inspect and calibrate their equipment on a regular basis.
You can use the functions in the Test Equipment Management component to manage your
equipment data, plan and schedule inspections, and perform calibration inspections for pieces
of equipment.
You should use the Test Equipment Management component if your company needs to:
Retain individual data for each piece of test equipment
Calibrate its test equipment regularly
Plan and schedule calibration inspections using different maintenance orders and
maintenance strategies
Manage a results history for each piece of test equipment
Integration
The Test Equipment Management component integrates the following planning and processing
functions in the Plant Maintenance (PM) and Quality Management (QM) application components:
Plant Maintenance Quality Management
Technical objects (PM-EQM) Quality planning (QM-PT)
Preventive maintenance (PM-PRM) Quality inspection (QM-IM)
Maintenance processing (PM-WOC)
For certain planning and processing activities in a calibration inspection, you also
require the cross-application component Classification System (CA-CL).
Features
The Test Equipment Management component includes many important functions for planning
and performing calibration inspections:
Planning
When you plan a calibration inspection, you can:
Create master records for each piece of test equipment
Manage the equipment data and maintenance history in master records
Group similar test equipment together for inspection processing
64 December 1999
Classify the test equipment based on the technical specifications in the classification
system
Link master inspection characteristics to general characteristics in the classification
system, so that the system can record the inspection results for the measuring points of
the equipment using the relevant measurement documents
Create inspection characteristics for operations in maintenance task lists
Define inspection specifications for quantitative and qualitative characteristics (for
example, target values, tolerances, repeat measurements and inspection catalogs)
Define maintenance cycles in the maintenance plan (for example, to determine
calibration intervals based on time or performance)
You can plan and perform a calibration inspection without using a maintenance plan
by creating a maintenance order manually. For this, an inspection type must be
assigned to the maintenance order type. When the maintenance order is released,
the system automatically generates an inspection lot.
Use time or performance-related maintenance schedules to monitor the calibration dates
(for example, to determine how often a piece of test equipment was used)
Monitor the equipment statuses (for example, whether or not equipment is released for
use)
Create and release maintenance orders, so that inspection lots are generated
Processing
When you process an inspection lot for a calibration inspection, you can:
Record inspection results for each piece of test equipment
Record items for a maintenance notification if you reject an inspection characteristic or
confirm any other deviation
Valuate each piece of test equipment in the inspection lot (for example, accepted or
rejected)
Confirm services for maintenance orders (for example, inspection times)
Trigger automatic follow-up actions with the usage decision for the inspection lot (for
example, update equipment statuses, change cycle modification factors, generate
measurement documents)
Update and valuate information in the PM Information System and the QM Information
System
December 1999 65

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QM Component Short

Copyright 2000 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

SAP, SAP Logo, mySAP.com, mySAP.com Marketplace, mySAP.com Workplace, mySAP.com

QM Component Short Description ....................................................................5

QM Component Short Description

QM-Specific Data in the Material Master

Every change you make to a master inspection characteristic that is referenced in a

If you use a master inspection characteristic in a task list, material specification or a

You can assign several inspection methods to a master inspection characteristic;

Define tolerance keys for quantitative characteristics

You can assign several inspection methods to a master inspection characteristic,

If you reference an inspection method, the system automatically sets a usage

Samples and SPC

Code groups [Ext.] and selected sets [Ext.]

Inspect vendor goods upon receipt (goods receipt inspections)

QM in Sales and Distribution

Inspection Lot Creation

If you inspect according to configuration or batch, the inspection specifications are

Process results for a delivery in sales and distribution

Information in a Defect Record

Inspection Lot Completion

Logistics Information Library

Early Warning System

Moving mean-value chart

Update of Vendor Evaluation

Basic Data for Certificates

Integration with Other Quality Management Components

Integration with Other R/3 Components

Creating Quality Notifications

Processing Quality Notifications

Test Equipment Management

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