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Table of Contents
Resistors
Definition
A component used in every electrical or electronic application which opposes to the flow
of charge through a material.
Resistors
Resistor
Examples Resistance
Resistance Is a measure of the opposition of the flow of charge through a material. This opposition
Values due to collisions between electrons and between electrons and other atoms, converts
Resistance
Measurement electrical energy into another form of energy such as heat.
Unit of Measurement
Its' unit of measurement is ohms and is respresented by the Greek letter
omega.
Symbol
Applications
They are used in a variety of tasks: heating (electric burner) and lighting control, and
velocity (electric fans).
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Table of Contents
Resistor Examples
Ceramic resistor
Variable Resistors
Table of Contents
Resistance Values
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Black Silver
Brown Gold
Red No Band
Orange
Yellow Result
Green
0 0 0
Blue 10^
20
Violet %
0 +/- 0 Ohms
=
Gray
White
DC Theory Circuits Laboratory
Table of Contents
Resistance Measurement
To measure resistance, select ohms and place the lead connectors red
to V /ohms/continuity and black to common. Then touch the resistor
Resistors terminals with the leads. You will see its value in the display.
Resistor
Examples
When measuring resistance, never touch the resistor terminals with your
Resistance fingers. The measurement will be affected with your body resistance.
Values
Resistance
Measurement
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Never touch the circuit components while the power supply is on.
You always have to open the circuit to measure current. You will see
the value in the display.
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DC Theory Circuits Laboratory
Table of Contents
Proto Board and Circuit Construction
Proto Board
Continuity
Top view Bottom view
Circuit
Construction
from a diagram
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The Breadboard
The Concept
When building a "permanent circuit" the components can be "grown" together (as in an
integrated circuit), soldered together (as on a printed circuit board), or held together by
screws and clamps (as in house wiring). In lab, we want something that is easy to
assemble and easy to change. We also want something that can be used with the same
components that "real" circuits use. Most of these components have pieces of wire or
metal tabs sticking out of them to form their terminals.
How it Works
The heart of the solderless breadboard is a small metal clip that looks like this:
The clip is made of nickel silver (which like mock turtle soup, contains no silver), a
material which is reasonably conductive, reasonably springy, and reasonably corrosion
resistant. Because each of the pairs of fingers is independent (like the coils of a
Beautyrest mattress) we can insert the end of a wire between any pair without
reducing the tension in any of the other fingers. Hence each pair can hold a wire with
maximum tension.
Depending on the size and arrangement of the clips, we get either a socket strip or a bus
strip. The socket strip is used for connecting components together. It has two rows of
short (5 contact) clips arranged one above another, like this:
The bus strip is used to distribute power and ground voltages through the circuit. It has
has six long (24 contact) clips arranged lengthwise, like this:
Note that in their infinite wisdom, the manufacturer elected not to join the adjacent 24
contact strips into a single, full-length, 48 contact strip. This is actually convenient for
creating isolated power buses, but if you want a single, continuous bus, you will have to
bridge the central gap yourself.
When we combine two socket strips, three bus strips, power connectors, power tie
points, interface modules, and an interface connector on a large printed circuit board, we
get the complete breadboard:
(In this picture we have replaced the plastic covers, hiding the connection between the
terminal points.
The breadboard lets us connect components together and by wiring the bus strips to the
binding posts and the binding posts to the power supply, to connect the power supply to
the circuit. Now what we need is a way to bring connections from the rest of the
instruments into the breadboard.