QS015/DM015

TUTORIAL 1: NUMBER SYSTEMS

CONCEPT PRACTICE

5 3
1. Given that set S 7 ,2, , 0, ,e,,6 . List all the elements of the set S
3 2
according to :
(a) N , natural numbers (b) Z , integers (c) Q , rational numbers
(d) Q , irrational numbers (e) R , real numbers (f) W , whole numbers
(g) Prime numbers

2. (a) Show that d 2.312 is a rational number

2
(b) Determine whether is rational number or irrational number.
18
Explain your answer.
(c) Z, R, N, Q, C and W are the sets of number system .
Write a mathematical statement to show the relationship among the six given sets.

3. Write each of the following inequalities using interval notation and state the type of
interval.
(a) x : x 5 (b) x : 4 x 6
(c) x: 3 < x < 6 (d) x : 12 x 8

4. (a) Write the solutions of each of the following operations in interval form:
(i) 4, 3 0,1 (ii) , 8 8, (iii) , 0 1, 4
(iv) 1, 4 3,8

(b) Given that A 2, 6 , B 1,5 , C 0,7 and D 1,9 . Find the interval for the

following operations:
(i) A B (ii) B C (iii) A B D (iv) A C D

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5. Without using calculator, find the value of each of the following:

1 1 3 1 2
1 2
(9 )(3 3 )
3 16 4 (25 )(8 3 )
2
(a) (0.008) 3 (b) (c) (d) 2
(e) (64) 3
6 81
125 3
23 32 15 25 3 32 54
(f) 8 25 (g) 8 2 (h) 0.0016 4 (i) 4 32

6. Simplify the following in the form of a b c :

1 1 5 3 3 2 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 1 5 2 3 2 1 2 1 2
1
(e) 2 2 7 8 4 8 32
2

7. Rationalize the denominator of

8 3 2 1
(a) (b) (c)
5 3 2 2 3 2 7 6

8. Simplify each of the following expressions.

2

(a) 4 2
3
2
4
3
(b) a

1
3
1
2
1
6
a a (c)
xy 3
(d)
2 2
5
4 5 3
4
3
x2 y 3
2
4 2 1 3
( xy ) (a b )
(e) 3
(f) (g) ( xz ) 5 (2 x 2 ) 2
x (ab) 1
41 41
(h) log log 70 log 2 log 5
35 2

9. If log b 3 x and log b 5 y , express the following in terms of x and y .

5 3b3
(a) log b (b) logb 45 (c) log b
3 125

10. Without using calculator, evaluate the following expressions:

(a) log 4 2 (b) log 1 8 (c) log 2 3 2
2
(d) 2 log 2 12 3 log 2 5 log 2 15 log 2 150

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11. Express y in terms of x :

(a) log x log y log 2 (b) log 5 y 2log 5 x 2

12. Express the following in the form of a bi :

2i (3 + i)(1- 2i )
(a) i i (b) (c)
3 2i (1- 3i) 2
(d) (4 3i) z (5 2i ) (e) 3 i z 4 3i

13. Determine the values of x and y for each of the following equations:
1 2i
(a) 2 i x 3 yi 1 i (b) (4 + i) x yi
2 3i
3 4 3 2i
(c) x yi (d) x yi
3i 3i 2i

ANSWERS

5 3
1. (a) 6 (b) 2, 0, 6 (c) 2, , 0, 6 (d) - 7, ,e, (e) S (f) 0, 6
3 2

(g) @
289 1
2. (a) d (b) Rational, (c) N W Z Q R C
125 3

3. D.I.Y

4. (a) (i) (ii) (iii) , 0 1, 4 (iv) 1,8

(b) (i) 1, 6 (ii) 0,5 (iii) 2,5 (iv) 1,9

1 27 4 121
5. (a) -0.2 (b) (c) (d) (e) 16 (f) (g) 2 (h) 0.008 (i) 2
2 8 5 500

3 5 6
6. (a) 2 3 (b) (c) 2 (d) -2 (e) 22 2
2 2 2
8 3 12 3 6 2 7 6
7. (a) (b) (c)
15 5 22

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1
2

1 7
xz 5
8. (a) 4 212 (b) a 3 (c) x 6 y 6 (d) 4 (e) xy 4 (f) a 7b 4 (g) (h) 2
4

1 1
9. (a) y x (b) 2x y (c) x 3 3 y 10. (a) (b) -3 (c) (d) 3
2 3
2
11. (a) y = (b) y = 25x2
x
4 7 1 7 14 23 9 13
12. (a) 4 3i (b) i (c) i (d) z i (e) z i
13 13 10 10 25 25 10 10
1 1 56 6 21 1 4 7
13. (a) x , y (b) x , y (c) x , y (d) x ,y
5 5 13 13 10 10 5 5

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES

1. Simplify the following expressions.

25 4n 16 4n 1 7 7 2n 3 12 72 n 1
a) b)
4n3 8 4n1 14 7 n
2

2. If 2a 5b 100c , prove that ab 2c a b . (Hint! : Let 2a 5b 100c n )

3. If a x 4 b12 y and a 2 x 1 b3 y 1 , prove that 7 xy 3 x 10 y 3 0 .

(Hint! : Use index properties)

1 62 3
4. Express as a single fraction with rational denominator.
2 5 3 2 2 6 3

x2 zx z2
5. Prove that log log 2 log 0.
yz y xy

6. If m log a b , write an expression for b in terms of a and m. Hence, prove that

log c b
log a b
log c a
1
(a) Deduce that log a b and log a b log 1 b
log b a a

(b) Without using calculator, find the value of log 3 125 log 5 81

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7. If 2 log 8 N a, log 2 2 N b and a b 2 , find N.

10
8. Find the value of log a b if log a b log b a .
3
9. Simplify the expression log10 x 1 1 log10 x 2 in terms of single logarithm.
2
log a y 1
10. Express y in terms of a such that 2
16

11. (a) Without using calculator, determine the value of t such that log 2
log3 t 4 .
(b) Given that 23n e4mn , find the exact value of m .

2
12. Given a bi = 2i . Find the real values of a and b.

1 6
13. Given z1 2 i and z2 4 3i . Express in the form of a + bi, where
z1 z2 z1
a, b R .

2
14. If 2 x 3 yi 2 x 3 yi where x and y are real, find the possible values of x and y.

15. If z x yi and w a bi where a, b, x and y are real, are two complex numbers with
z
w , find a and b in terms of x and y.
1 zi

5 i
16. If a bi where a and b are real numbers, find a and b.
2i
2 ai
17. Determine the value of a if is a real number and find this real number.
1 2 i
x y
18. Find the real numbers x and y such that 3i .
2 i 1 2i

19. Find, in the form of a + bi, the two complex numbers z satisfying both of the equations
z 4 3
z z 10 and i .
z 5 5

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20. Find the modulus and argument of each of the following complex numbers.
3 2i (1 i )(3 i)
(a) 3 i (b) (c)
1 3i (1 2i)(1 i )
Hence, represent it in:
(a) Polar form (b) Argand diagram

21. If z1 3 2i, z2 1 2i and given z1 and z2 are the conjugates of z1 and z2

respectively, express each of the following in the form of a bi . Hence, write it in polar
form:
2 2 z2 z . z

(a) z1 z2 (b)
z1 i
(c) 1 2
z1 z 2

ANSWERS

21 331
1. a) b)
32 2
2. D.I.Y
3. D.I.Y
1
4.
14
14 5 31 2 12
5. D.I.Y
6. D.I.Y (a) D.I.Y (b) 12
7. N = 8
1
8. x ,3
3
x 1
9. log10
10 x 20

a
10.
a
3
11. (a) 81 (b) ln 2
4
12. a 1 , b 1
13. 1 i

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1
14. x 0 , y 0 , x , y0
2

x x2 y2 y
15. a 2
,b 2
x 2 1 y x 2 1 y

1 1
16. a
5

2 5 1 , b
5
52
17. a 2 ; 2
18. x 7 , y 1
19. z 3 i , z 3 i

20. (a) Arg, z = -0.9653 rad @ - 55.31 ; z = 10 10 cos 0.9653 i sin 0.9653

2
(b) Arg, z = -1.7127 rad @ - 98.13 ; z = (cos (1.7127) i sin (1.7127))
2

(c) Arg, z = 0.7854 rad @ 45 ; z = 2 cos i sin
4 4
21. (a) z = 16 + 0i; 16(cos 0 + i sin 0)

1 1 5
(b) z = i ; (cos (1.8926) i sin (1.8926))
6 2 18

7 65
(c) z = 2i ; (cos 2.6224 i sin 2.6224)
2 2

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TUTORIAL 2:EQUATIONS, INEQUALITIES AND ABSOLUTE VALUES

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. Solve the following equations:

1

(a) 4 x 2 1281 x (b) x 3
2
2
1 1
(c) 2 x 1 (d) 4 x 3

64 9

2. Solve the following equations:

1
(a) log x 3 (b) 3 x 1 4 x 1
27
(c) log 3 x 2 2 log 3 x (d) 2log(x 2) = log(2x 5)

3. Solve the equations below:

(a) 3x 1 x 3 (b) x 5 2 x 10 0
(c) 6 x x 6 (d) x 2 x 8

4. Solve the following inequalities.

(a) 2x 3 > 5 (b) 2 3x 3 + x (c) 8(x + 2) 2(x + 1) (d) 5 < 3x + 2 < 2

5. Find the ranges of values of x that satisfy the following inequalities.

(a) (x + 1)(x 2) > 0 (b) 3x2 + 5x 2 0
(c) 3x2 + 7x 2 7x + 3 (d) (1 x)(4 x) > x + 11

6. Solve the following equations.

(a) |3x 2| = 6 (b) |x + 5| = 4x + 8 (c) 3x + |x| = 2
(d) |2x 1| = |3x + 4| (e) |x2 7| = 2

7. Solve the following absolute value inequalities.

(a) |2x + 3| 6 (b) |3x + 4| > 5 (c) |x + 5| 4x + 8
x
(d) |2x + 1| 3x + 2 (e) |x2 6x + 4| 4 (f) 2
x4

8. Find the possible values of x that satisfy the following inequalities.

(a) |3x 1| > |2x| (b) |x 1| |2x 3|
(c) |x + 4| > 4|x 2| (d) 5|2x 3| > 4|x 5|

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ANSWERS

1 1
1. (a) (b) (c) 7 (d) 216
3 8
2. (a) 3 (b) 8.638 (c) 2 (d) 3
3. (a) 8 (b) 5, 7 (c) 3 (d) 6
1 7 7 4
4. (a) x : x 4 (b) x : x (c) x : x
(d) x : x
4 3 3 3
1 1
5. (a) {x : x 1 or x 2} (b) x : x 2 or x (c) x : 5 x
3 3
(d) x : x 1 or x 7

8 4 1
6. (a) x or x (b) x 1 (c) x
3 3 2
5
(d) x 5, x (e) x 3 or x 5
3

9 3 1
7. (a) , (b) , 3 , (c) , 1
2 2 3
3 8
(d) , (e) 0, 2 4, 6 (f) , 8 ,
5 3

1 4 4
8. (a) , (1, ) (b) , [2, ) (c) , 4
5 3 5
5 5
(d) , ,
6 2

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CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES

1. Solve the following equations:

x 2 x 1
(a) 16 5(2 ) 1 0
(b) 32 x 9 x1 9
x 1 x
(c) 4 5(2 ) 1 0 (d) 4 x 1 2 5 x 2 x 2 3 0

2. Solve the following equations:

(a) log 2 2 x 1 32 2 x (b) log 3 x log x 9 3
(c) log 2 2 x 4 2 log 2 ( x 2 6) (d) 2(log 4 x log x 4) 5

3. Solve the equations below:

(a) x x 7 7 (b) 2 x 5 x 1 2
(c) 4 x 9 1 2 x (d) 1 x 3 2 x 1

4. Find the ranges of values of x that satisfy the following inequalities.

x 1 3x 1
(a) 3 x 4 x 2 6 9 2 x (b)
2 3 4
1 1 x3
(c) (d) 5
1 x 4 x x2

5
5. Find the value of k if 2 x 3 is equivalent to x k .
2

6. Find the values of a and b if x 7 or x 2 is equivalent to x a b .

7. Prove that the inequality x 2 10 x 21 0 can be transformed to x a b where a and b are

constants. Then, find the ranges of x that satisfy the inequality.

2
8. By completing the squares, write the inequality x 4 x c 0 in the form x a b where
2
a, b and c are constants, c 4 . Hence, find the interval for which x 4 x 3 will always
exceed 6.

x 1
9. Using the definition of x a , solve 20.
3x 2

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ANSWERS

1 1
1. (a) , (b) 1 (c) 0, -2 (d) -2, 3
2 2
11 5
2. (a) (b) 3, 9 (c) (d) 2, 16
2 2
25
3. (a) 9 (b) 2, 10 (c) (d) 13
4
1 13
4. (a) 5 x 2 (b) x (c) x 1 or x 4 (d) x 2 or x
3 4
1
5. k
2

9 5
6. a ,b
2 2

7. ,3 7,

8. x 2 4 c , x 1 or x 3

3 2 2
9. 7 , 3 3 ,1

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TUTORIAL 3 : SEQUENCE AND SERIES

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. Write the first four terms of the following sequences

(a) Tn 2(n 3) (b) Tn 2 n 1
(c) Tn (2) n (d) Tn n n

2. Find the n th term of the following sequences.

(a) 3, 9, 27, 81, (b) 1, 8, 27, 64,
(c) 1 2 3, 2 3 4, 3 4 5, 4 5 6,

3. Which of the following are arithmetic sequence?

(a) 3, 6, 9, 12, (b) 3, 1, 3, 8,
5 3 7
(c) 1, , , ,
4 2 4

4. Write down the nth term of the following arithmetic progressions

(a) 8, 12, 16, (b) 6, 4, 2,

5. Determine the common difference, the fifth term, the n th term and the 100 th term of the
arithmetic sequence.
(a) 2, 5, 8, 11, (b) 12, 8, 4, 0,

6. Given the arithmetic progression: 2, 5, 8, 11, . The common difference is 3, find

(a) T5 (b) T20 (c) Tn

7. Find the sum, to the number of terms given, of the following GPs.
1 1
(a) 3 6 12 , 8 terms (b) 1 , 7 terms
2 4
1 1
(c) first term , common ratio , 10 terms
2 2

8. Insert two numbers between 2 and 128 so that four numbers are in a geometric sequence.

9. Without using calculator, simplify each of the following:

7 n 1 ( n 2 )!
(a) (b) (c)
4 n 3 (n 3)!

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10. By using Binomial Theorem, expand each of the expressions below:

(a) (2 x y )3 (b) (1 2a)4 (c) (2 y 2 )3

11. Expand (2 x)3 (2 x)3 in ascending powers of x and simplify your answer.

12. Find the term of each of the expansion below:

(a) (5 3 x)7 ; 4th term.
(b) (3a 2b)12 ; 10th term.
(c) ( x 3 y 4 )8 ; 7th term.

13. Find the term indicated in brackets in the expansion of each of the expressions below:
11 9
2 3 3 1
(a) 2 x 10
;(x ) (b) a ; ( b 5 )
x b

ANSWERS

1. (a) 8, 10, 12, 14 (b) 1, 3, 7, 15 (c) 2,4,8,16 (d) 1, 4, 27, 256

n 3
2. (a) 3 (b) n (c) n(n 1)(n 2)
3. (a) yes (b) no (c) yes
4. (a) 4n 4 (b) 2n 8

5. (a) d 3, T5 14, Tn 3n 1, T100 299 (b) d 4, T5 4, Tn 4n 16, T100 384

6. (a) 14 (b) 59 (c) 3n-1

127 341
7. (a) 255 (b) (c)
64 1024

8. 8, 32
9. (a) 35 (b)
n 1n 2 (c)
1
2 n3
3 2 2
10. (a) 8 x 12 x y 6 xy y 3
(b) 1 8a 24a 32a 3 16a 4
2

(c) 8 12 y 2 6 y 4 y 6
11. 24 x 2 x3
12. (a) 590625x 3 (b) 3041280a 3b9 (c) 28x 6 y 24
13. (a) 3421440x10 (b) 126a12b 5

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CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES

11 2n 1
1. Determine whether is a term of the sequence given by a n
75 3n 2
55 7
2. The 10th term of an arithmetic sequence is , and the second term is . Find the first term.
2 2

3. The 100th term of an arithmetic sequence is 98, and the common difference is 2, find the first
three terms.

4. (a) If 4 and 1 are the second and third terms of an arithmetic sequence respectively, find the
seventh term.
(b) For the arithmetic sequence 1, 3, 7, , which term is 47?
(c) What is the first term of an arithmetic sequence, if the fifth term is 2 and the ninth term is
8?

5. (a) The sum of the first n positive integers is 4950. What is the value of n?
(b) Given an arithmetic progression with T3 17 and T9 49 , find S 20 .

6. The sum of the first 3 terms of a GP is 14. If the first term is 2, find the possible values of the
sum of the first 5 terms.

7. Find the sum of the following infinite geometric sequences. If the sequence has no sum, state
The reason.
2 4 8
(a) 1, , , , (b) 8, 4, 2, 1,
3 9 27
a
8. Change each repeating decimal into the form of , where a and b are integers and b 0 .
b
a
Express in the simplest form.
b
0.17
(a) 0.245 (b)
0.33

1 1
9. Given a geometric sequence 3, 1, , , , find
3 3
(a) the 10th term
(b) the sum of the first 10 terms of the geometric progression.
(c) the sum of an infinite number of terms

10. How many terms of the geometric series 3 6 12 must be taken for the sum to exceed
one million?

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2n 2 3n
11. (a) The sum, S , of the first n terms of a certain progression is given as S . Find
2
the value of the eighth term of the progression.
(b) The sum of the first 8 terms of a certain arithmetic progression is 56 and the sum of the
first 20 terms is 260. Find the values of the first term and the common difference.

12. The positive numbers p and q are the second and fourteenth terms of an arithmetic progression
respectively. The first term of the AP is 1. Given also p, 9 and q are three successive terms of
a geometric progression. Find the values of p and q .

13. The sum of the first 12 terms of arithmetic series is 54 and the sum of next 12 terms is 486.
Find the first term and the common difference of this series. Find the smallest value of n for
which the sum of the first n term of the series exceeds 1000 .

10
1
14. Find the (r 1) in the expansion of x 2 3 . Then determine the term that is
th

x
15
independent of x and the term containing x in the expansion.

15. Obtain the first four terms in binomial expansion with ascending powers of x in each of the
following expansions and state the range of x for each to be valid.
(a) 3 1 x (b) (2 x) 2
1
4 3
16. Expand 8 until and including the term x-3. For what range of values of x is this
x
expansion valid? By substituting x = 32, find the value of 3 65 correct to 4 decimal places.

1
17. Expand 8 3x 3 in ascending powers of x until the first three terms. For what range of
1
values of x is this expansion valid? Hence, find the value of 7.76 3 .

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ANSWERS
1. Yes, it is a term from the given sequence.
1
2. a
2
3. 100, 98, 96
4. (a) 11 (b) 13th term (c) 4
5. (a) n 99 (b) 1140
6. 122, 62
16
7. (a) 3 (b)
3
27 17
8. (a) (b)
110 33
1 121 3( 3 1)
9. (a) (b) ( 3 1) or 4.081 (c)
81 81 2
10. 19
33 7
11. (a) (b) a = ,d=1
2 2
12. p 3, q 27
13. a 12, d 3, n 31
14. 120x 15
1 1 3 1
15. (a) 1 1 x 1 x 2 5 x 3 , 1 x 1 (b) x x 2 x 3 , 2 x 2
3 9 81 4 4 16 8
1 1 5 1 1
16. 2 2
3
; x x ; 4.0207
3 x 18 x 324 x 2 2
17. 2 1 x 1 x 2 ... ; 8 x 8 ; 1.9798
4 32 3 3

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TUTORIAL 4: MATRICES AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. Evaluate the following :

1 7
(a) 3 2 (b) 51 2 4 1 0
2 2
1 2 1 0 5 3 1 2 1 4 1
(c) 2 3 (d) 1 2 4 (e) 3 4 0 2
4 1 2 3

2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4
2. Given that A= 2 1 3 , B= 3 0 5 , C= 5 1 0

1 0 4 6 9 1 7 8 1

Evaluate each of the following :

(a) 3A 6B + 9C (b) 7A 2 (B C)
(c) AB (d) BA

3 1 2 1
3 4
3. Given that A= 4 0 , B= 1 2 and C=


2 2 2 .
1 1 1
Find (a) (A + B)T (b) BTA (c) (BC)T

3 4 0 2 4 3
1 1 2 2
4. Given that A= , B= , C= 2 4 3 and D= 3 4 0

0 2 0 6
1 3 2 1 3 2 .
Evaluate the following :
(a) | A | and | AT |
(b) | B |. Deduce a relationship between | A | and | B |.
(c) | C | and | D | . Deduce a relationship between | C | and | D |.

1
1 0 2
5. Evaluate the minor and cofactor using the matrix A= 3 5 2

0 0 4
.
(a) M11 , C11 (b) M33 , C33
(c) M12 , C12 (d) M23 , C23

Write the cofactor matrix of A.

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6. Find the determinant of the matrix below using the row or column given. Determine whether
the matrix has an inverse without calculating the inverse.
1 3 7 1 2 5
(a) A= 2 0 1 (b) B= 2 3 2

0 2 6 3 5 3
i. First row i. First row
ii. Third row ii. First column

7. Find the inverse matrix of the following using the method of using
(a) adjoint matrix (b) elementary row operations
1 2 3 1 1 1 0 1 1
i. A= 4 5 6 ii. B= 2 3 3 iii. C= 5 1 1

7 8 9 3 4 5 2 3 3

ANSWERS

11 5 4 7 8 0
1. (a) 2 (b) 9 10 (c) 2 7 (d) 9 (e) 12 5

24 24 24 16 16 16 24 24 14

2. (a) 33 6 39 (b) 18 5 31 (c) 9 21 14
30 18 9 9 2 28 27 39 1

15 9 9

(d) 11 6 26
29 21 19

5 5 3 12 1 8 7 5
3. (a) (b) (c)
0 2 2 13 0 10 8 6

4. (a) 2; 2 (b) 12; | B | = (2)(3) | A | (c) -7; 7; | C | = - | D |

5. (a) M11 = 20 C11 = 20 (b) M33 = 5 C33 = 5 (c) M12 = -12 C12 = 12

20 12 0
4 0
(d) M23 = 0 C23 = 0, cofactor matrix of A 0
5 7
5
2 2

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6. (a) (i) - 6 (ii) -6 Inverse of A exists

(b) (i) 0 (ii) 0 Inverse of B does not exist
3 1 0
-1 -1
7. (a) & (b) (i) A does not exist (ii) B 1 2 1 , B 1
1 1 1

6 0 2
1
(iii) C-1 13 2 5 , C 4
4
17 2 5

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES
2k 2 1
1. Calculate the values of k given that 2 4 2 0
3 k 2 k 3
1 1 1
2. Show that a b c (a b)(b c)(c a )
a2 b2 c2

2 1 2
3. If A= , find A .
5 3
Hence, find constants p and q such that A2 + pA + qI = O.
By using this result, find A-1 and A3.

1 2 1
4. Given that M= 1 1 0
3 1 1
Show that M3 = M2 + 6M + I, where I is the identity matrix.
Deduce that M-1 = M2 M 6I, hence find M-1.

1 3 2 1 2 3
5. Verify that the inverse of the matrix M= 3 3 1 is 2 4 5

2 1 0 3 5 6
p 5
Hence, find the value of p, q and r if M q = 3
r 1

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1 1 1 4 4 4
6. Given that A= 1 2 2 and B= 7 1 3

2 1 3 5 3 1
If AB = kI, find the value k. Hence, solve the following system:

(a) x y z 2 (b) 4 x 4 y 4 z 4
x 2 y 2 z 1 7 x y 3 z 1
2 x y 3z 1 5x 3 y z 3

7. A fruit seller has lemons, apples and mangoes at his stall. The price of an apple is the mean
selling price of a lemon and a mango. A customer paid a sum of RM15.50 for 10 lemons, 10
apples and 5 mangoes. A second customer paid RM38.00 for 30 lemons, 20 apples and 10
mangoes. Built a system of linear equations based on the information above. Then, rewrite
the system of linear equations in the form of matrices and solve the problem to determine the
selling prices of a lemon, an apple and a mango.

3 2 2 1 4 2
8. If M= 4 1 2 and N= 8 5
2 , find MN. Hence, find M .
-1

2 1 3 2 1 5

In a supermarket, there were three promotion packages A, B and C which offer shirts,
trousers and neckties. The number of each item and the promotion price for each package is
given in the following table :

Package No. of shirts No. of trousers No of neckties Promotion

price ( RM )
A 3 2 2 256
B 4 1 2 218
C 2 1 3 173

If x is the price of a shirt, y the price of a pair of trousers and z the price of a necktie, write a
matrix equation to represent the information above. Then, solve the equation to determine the
price of each item.

4
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1 2 3 1 3 2

9. Matrices M and N are given as M= 2 4 5 , N= 3 3 1
3 5 6 2 1 0

Find MN and hence deduce M-1.

Three products A, B and C from a factory are assembled from 3 components P, Q and R in
different ratios. Each product of A is made up of 1 component, 2 components and 3
components of P, Q and R respectively. Each product of B is composed of 2 components, 4
components and 5 components of P, Q and R respectively. While each product of C needs 3
components, 5 components and 6 components of P, Q and R respectively. A total of 228
components, 414 components and 523 components of P, Q and R are used respectively in
particular day. Use x, y and z to represent numbers of products A, B and C produced
respectively. Form a matrix equation for the given information and find the values of x, y and
z.

ANSWERS

4
1. k 1, k
3
2. DIY
3 1 43 24
3. p 5 , q 1 ; A-1 , A3
5 2 120 67
1 1 1
4. M -1
1 2 1
4 5 3

5. p 2, q 3, r 6

6. k 8 (a) x 1, y 2, z 1 (b) x 1, y 0, z 2

7. lemon = RM 0.70 , apple = RM 0.60 , mango = RM 0.50

1 4 2
1
8. MN = 9I , M-1 8 5 2 , x RM30, y RM68, z RM15
9
2 1 5

1 0 0 1 3 2

9. MN 0 1 0 , M 3 3 1 , x 32, y 35, z 42
-1

0 0 1 2 1 0

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TUTORIAL 5: FUNCTIONS AND GRAPHS

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. State the domains of the following functions:

1
(a) f ( x ) (b) g ( x ) 15 2 x x 2 (c) h( x) 2 e x 3
4x
(d) p( x) ln(1 3x) (e) f ( x ) 2 1 2 x

2. (a) If f ( x) 2 x 3 and f g ( x) 2 x 1 , find g ( x) .

(b) If f x x 1 and g f x 3 2 x x 2 , find g ( x) .

3. Show whether the following functions are one-to-one. For functions that are one to one, find
their inverses and determine their domains and ranges.
(a) f x x 3 , x 3
(b) g x x 2 , x

4. Find the inverse of each of the following functions :

2
(a) f ( x ) x 2 1, x 0 (b) h( x) , x3
x 3
x2
(c) h( x) , x2 (d) h( x) 5 x , x 5
x2

5. Find the inverse of each of the following functions. In each case, sketch the graph of the
function and its inverse.
(a) f ( x ) x 3 3
(b) f ( x ) 2 x
(c) f ( x) ln( x 1)

6. The functions f and g are defined by

f : x x 3 , x R
g : x 2 3x, x R
Find (a) f g (x)
(b) ( f g ) 1 ( x)

1
 QS015/DM015

ANSWERS
1. (a) ,4 (b) , (c) ,
1
(d) , (e) ,
3
2. (a) g ( x) x 2 (b) g ( x) 4 x 2

3. (a) one to one function , f 1 x x 2 3 D f 1 R f 0, , R f 1 D f 3,

(b) not one to one function
2 2x 2
4. (a) f 1
( x) x 1 (b) h 1 ( x) 3 (c) h 1 ( x ) (d) h 1 ( x) 5 x 2
x x 1
1
1 1
5. (a) f 1 ( x ) ( x 3) 3 (b) f ( x) log 2 x (c) f ( x) e x 1
1
3
x 2
6. (a) f g ( x ) (2 3 x) 3 (b) ( f g ) 1 ( x)
3

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES

1. Find the domains and the ranges of the following functions and sketch the graphs:
6
(a) f ( x ) x 2 4 x 3 (b) f ( x ) (c) f ( x) 7 x
x2
(d) f ( x) x 3 (e) f ( x) x 2 4 (f) f ( x) ln( x 2)

(g) f ( x ) e x1
1 2
2. A function f is defined as f ( x ) x x 3 for x 1. Find the inverse function f-1 and
2
determine domain and range of f . Sketch the graph of f and f 1 on the same coordinate
1

axes. If g ( x ) x 1 , find f g (x) .

3. The functions f and g are defined by

1
f : x ln x , x 0 g:x x 1 , x 1
2
1
Find (a) f and state its domain.
(b) g 1 and state its domain
1
(c) the composite function g f ( x) .

2
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2x 2
4. Given that f ( x) log 2 (3x 2) and given g ( x) .
3
(a) Prove that f (x) is one to one function.
(b) Determine domain and range of f (x) .
(c) Are f (x) and g (x) the inverse function one to another? Verify your answer.
(d) Sketch the graphs of f (x) and g (x) on the same axes.

5. Given f ( x) x 2 1
(a) State the domain for f (x) .
(b) Sketch the graph of f (x) . Is f (x) one to one function? Give reason.
(c) State the new domain so that f (x) is one to one function.
1
(d) Sketch f ( x) x 2 1 for x 2 and f ( x) on the same axes.

6. Given
x , 2 x 1

g ( x ) 1 , x 1
e x 1 , x 1

(a) Find g (1).

(b) State the domain of g .
(c) Sketch the graph of g . Hence, find the range of g .

ANSWERS

1. (a) D (, ), R 1, (b) D (, 2) (2, ), R (, 0) (0, )

(c) D , 7 , R 0, (d) D , , R 0,
(e) D , 2 2, , R 0, (f) D 2, , R ,
(g) D , , R 0,
7 1 7
2. f ( x ) 1 2 x 7 , D f 1 , , R f 1 1, , f g ( x) x
1

2 2 2
1 1
3. 2x
(a) f ( x ) e , D f 1 , 2
(b) g ( x ) x 1 , Dg 1 0,

(c) g f 1 ( x) e 2 x 1
4. (b) Df = (-2/3 , ), Rf =(- , )
5. (a) (,) (b) No (c) 2, or ,2
6. (a) 1 (b) ,2 (c) 0,

3
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TUTORIAL 6 : POLYNOMIALS

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. By using long division, find the quotient and the remainder. Write the answer in the form
P ( x) Q ( x) D( x) R( x) .
x 3 27 x 4 3x 2 4 x 6 2 x 3 7 x 2 7 x 15 2 x 4 3x 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x3 x4 x2 3 x2 x 1

2. By using the remainder theorem, find the remainder when 2 x 4 3 x 3 30 x 12 is divided

by x 3 .

3. The remainder of P x x 3 2 x r when it is divided by x 1 , is the same as the

remainder when Q x 2 x 3 x r is divided by (2 x 1) 2
x. Find the value of r.

4. The remainder of polynomial P(x) is 3 when divided by x 2 and 2 when divided by

x 3. If the remainder P(x) is px q when divided by x 2 5 x 6, find the values
of p and q.

5. Factorize P(x) completely:

(a) P x x 3 7 x 6 (b) P x 2 x 4 5 x 3 8 x 2 17 x 6

ANSWER

1. (a) x 3 27 x 2 3x 9 x 3
(b) x 4 3 x 2 4 x 6 x 3 4 x 2 19 x 80x 4 326

(c) 2 x 3 7 x 2 7 x 15 2 x 7 x 2 3 13x 6
(d) 2 x 4 3 x 6 2 x 2 2 x x 2 x 1 5 x 6

2. R3 3
1
3. r =
8

4. p 1, q 5

5. (a) Px x 3 x 2 x 1 (b) Px x 1 x 22 x 1 x 3

1
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CONSOLIDATION EXRCISES

1. The polynomial P(x) is given by P ( x) x 4 x3 x 2 x .

(a) Use the factor theorem to show that x 1 is a factor of P(x).
(b) Write P(x) in the form x 1ax bx 2 c , giving the values of a, b and c.
(c) Hence solve the equation P( x) 0 .
(d) Using solutions to P( x) 0 , write down the solutions of the equation P( x 1) 0 .

2. Find the polynomial of degree 3, if P(1) P(2) 0, P(1) 4 and P(2) 28.

3. The factor of polynomial, P x 2 x 3 ax 2 bx 2 is x 2 . If P( x) is divided with

x 2 the remainder is 20.
(a) Find the value of a and b.
(b) Hence, find the others two factor of P( x) .

4. Determine whether the number given is a zero of the polynomial

3
(a) P x 4 x 3 8 x 2 x 13 ;
2
(b) Px 2 x 4 3x 3 25x 7 ; 2

5. Find all the possible zeroes of the polynomial if one of the zero is given
P( x) x 3 2 x 2 5 x 6 ; 3

6. Express the following into a partial fractions;

2x 3 3x 4 15 34 x x 2
(a) (b) 2 (c)
x 2x 3 x 1 3x 1x 12
x 2 2x x3 1 2 x 2 3x 2
(d) (e) (f)

x 1 x 2 x 1 x 1x 2 x 2 3x 2
4
x
(g)
x 12 1 x 2

x3 C D
7. If = Ax + B + , find the value of A, B, C and D.
( x 1)( x 3) x 1 x 3

4x A B Cx D
8. State in the form
1 x4 1 x 1 x 1 x2 .

9. Determine the integers a and b such that x 3 2 x 2 15x 36 x a 2 x b .

5 x 2 31
Hence, express 3 in partial fractions.
x 2 x 2 15 x 36

2
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10. When the expression x 2 ax b is divided by (x + 1), the remainder is R. When the
expression is divided by (x 2), the remainder is also R.
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) When the expression is divided by (x 3), the remainder is 2R. Find the value of b
and R.
(c) When the expression is divided by (x p), the remainder is 4R. Find the values of p
up to 3 significant figures.

ANSWER

1. (b) P x x 1 x x 2 1 , a 1, b 1, c 1 (c) x 1, x 0, x 1
(d) x 0, x 1, x 2
2. P x 3 x 3 4 x 2 5 x 2
3. (a) a 3, b 3 (b) 2 x 1 and x 1
3
4. (a) is not a zero of P x (b) 2 is not a zero of P(x)
2
5. 2, 1 and 3
1 9 1 7
6. (a) 5 x 2 5 x 3 (b) - 2 x 1 2 x 1
2 1 12 -1 4x 1
(c) 3x 1 x 1 (d) 3 x 1 3 x 2 x 1

x 1 2

2 7 1 4
(e) x 1 (f) 2
3 x 1 3x 2 x 1 x 2
3 1 x
(g) 1 2 x 1
21 x 2
2 x 1
2

1 27
7. A 1, B 2, C = , D
4 4
1 1 2x
8.
1 x 1 x 1 x2
5 x 2 31 4 2 1
9. a = 3, b = 4,
3 2 x 3 x 32 x4
x 2 x 15 x 36

10. (a) a 1 (b) b 2, R 4 (c) p 4.28 or p 3.28

3
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TUTORIAL 7: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

CONCEPT PRACTICE

3
1. If cos , where is acute, find
5
1
(a) tan (b) sin 2 (c) sin 3 (d) cos
2

2. Given tan t , where is acute, find in terms of t

(a) tan
(b) sin 90 o
(c) cos 180 o
12 3
3. Given cos A and sin B , where A and B are in the same quadrant, find
13 5
(a) cos A B (b) tan A B

4. Solve the following equations for angles between 0o and 360o inclusive.
1
(a) tan x
2
1
2
(b) sin sin 60 o (c) sec 2 x 2
(d) sin 2 y 60 o
1
2

(e) 2 sin y tan y (f) sin y cos y 3 cos y (g) 4 tan 2 tan 2 sec 2

5. Solve the following equations in the form for angles between 0o and 360o inclusive.
(a) 6 cos x 7 sin x 4 using R cos x
(b) 3 sin x 4 cos x 4 using R sin x
(c) 2 cos 2 sin 2 2 using R cos2

6. Refer to question 5, find the maximum and minimum value.

(a) 6 cos x 7 sin x using R cos x

(b) 3 sin x 4 cos x using R sin x
(c) 2 cos 2 sin 2 using R cos2

7. By using t tan , solve the equation 24 cos 7 sin 25 for 0 o 360 o .
2

2t
8. Solve the equation 4 sin 3 cos 3 for 0 o 360 o , by using tan
1 t 2

1
 QS015/DM025

ANSWERS
4 24 44 2 5
1. (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 25 125 5
1 1
2. (a) t (b) (c)
2
1 t 1 t2
33 16
3. (a) (b)
65 63

4. (a) 306.86o (b) 240o,300o (c) 30o,150o,210o,330o

(d) 15o,135o,195o,315o (e) 0o,60o,180o,300o,360o (f) 90o,270o
(g) 18.43o,45o,198.43o,225o

5. (a) 113.69o,345.11o (b) 106.26o,180o (c) 0o,153.43o,180o,333.45o,360o

6. (a) max/min = 85 , (b) max/ min = 5 (c) max/min = 5

7. 16.26o 8. 73.74o

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES

p tan y
1. If sin x y p cos x y , show that tan x .
1 p tan y

1 1
2. Given cos A and sin B , where A and B are acute angles. Without using calculator,
2 3
9 3 8 2
show that tan A B .
5

2 3
3 If cos A for A 2 , find the exact value of
5 2
A A
(a) sin (b) tan
2 2

4. Prove that

(a) cos cos ec sin sec cos ec sec (b)

sin x cos x 2
2 sec x cos ecx
sin x cos x
1 cos 2
(c) sec t cos ect cot t tan t (d) sec 2 1
1 cos 2
1 sin x cos x tan sec 1
(e) 2 sec x (f) tan sec
cos x 1 sin x tan sec 1

2
 QS015/DM025

5. Express sin 2 x cos 2 x in the form R sin 2 x with R 0 and 0 . Then, find the
2
value of x in the interval 0, when 3 sin 2 x cos 2 x has a minimum value.

6. Solve the equation sec 2 3 tan 1 0 for angles in the range 0 360 0 .

7. Solve the equation 2sin 2 cos sec for angles in the range 0 1800 .

x
8. Solve 3cos x 4sin x 1 for 0 360 0 using substitution t tan .
2

9. Express sin cos in the form R sin( ) . Hence, find the maximum and minimum
3
values of .
sin cos 2

10. Express 2cos 7sin in the form R cos( ) where R and are positive numbers.
(a) Find the maximum and minimum values of 2cos 7sin and the corresponding
values of , 0 360 0 .
(b) Solve the equation 2cos 7 sin 1 for 0 360 0 .

11. (a) Express 3 cos 2 x sin 2 x in the form of R sin 2 x where R > 0 and 0 2 .
(b) Hence, state the maximum value and minimum value of 2 3 cos 2 x sin 2 x .
Determine the values of x in the interval 0,2 where the minimum value occurs.

ANSWERS

3 3
3. (a) (b)
10 7
5. 22.5o
6. 450 , 63.430 , 2250 , 243.430
7. 22.50, 112.50
8. 25.320 , 228.40
3 3
9. 2 sin( 450 ) ; min. value = , max.value =
22 2 2
10. 53 cos( 74.050 )
(a) 53, 285.950 ; 53,105.950
(b) 23.850 , 188.050
2 11 23
11. (a) R 2, (b) max value 4, min value 0, min : x ,
3 12 12

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TUTORIAL 8 : LIMIT AND CONTINUITY

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. Find the limits:

x2 1 h
(a) lim
x 5
12 (b) lim (c) lim
x2 x2 1 h4
h4
13 1

1 r
(d) lim y 3
1999
lim
(e) s 8 s s 3
(f) lim
r 1 1 r
y 4
1 3x 3 7 x 2 7 x 10
(g) lim 2 x 2 x 7 (h) lim (i) lim
x 1 x2
3x 3 1 x2 x2

2
2. If f ( x) x 1 and g ( x )
1
, determine lim
x 4
g ( x) 2 f ( x) g ( x) 3 f ( x).
x2

3
3. If f ( x) x ,find the limits:
f ( x) f (3) f ( x ) f ( 2)
(a) lim (b) lim
x 3 x3 x2 x2

4. Find the following limits

x 1 p 9 t 2 81 x 2 2x
(a) lim (b) lim (c) lim (d) lim
2 p 9
x 1 x 1 p 3 t 9
3 t x2 x 2 2x

5. Find the limits:

2x 1 8x 1 t 2t
2
(a) xlim (b) xlim (c) xlim (7 x x 2 ) (d) lim
5 x 2
x2 9
t t 1
2
t 6

6. Find the limit of f ( x ) at x 1 (if exist).

x ,x 1

f ( x) 3 , x 1
2 x 1 , x 1

7. Given the function as,

x2 2 p , x2

f ( x) 0 ,2 x 4
x 6x q
2
, x4

Determine the value of p if xlim f ( x) 0 .Find the value of q if lim f ( x ) exist.
2 x 4

1
 QS015/DM025

ANSWERS

5 2 3
1. (a) 12 (b) (c) (d) 1 (e)
3 2 2
2
2
23
(f) Does Not Exist (g) 8 (h) (i) 15
23
1
2. 40
6
3. (a) 27 (b) 12
1 1
4. (a) (b) 6 (c) 108 (d)
2 8
2
5. (a) (b) 8 (c) (d) 2
5
6. lim f ( x ) exist
x1

7. p 2, q 8

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISE

1. Determine the vertical and horizontal asymptotes if exist.

x x2 x2
(a) f ( x ) (b) f ( x ) (c) f ( x) 2
x2 x 2 2 x 1
x 1 x2 x2
(d) f ( x ) 2 (e) f ( x ) (f) f ( x ) 2
x 9 x 1 x 9

(g) f ( x ) ln( x 1) (h) f ( x) log(2 x ) (i) f ( x) e x

(j) f ( x) e3 x

2. What is/are the asymptotes of the following function?.

2x 1 1
(a) f ( x) (b) f ( x )
x 1 2 x

2x 2
3. For the function f ( x )
x2 4
i) Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes.
ii) Find the intersection point at x-axis.

2
 QS015/DM025

3x
4. For the function f ( x) , determine if f ( x ) has the intersection at x-axis and find
x2 9
the vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

5. For each function, determine the intersection at x-axis, y-axis, vertical and horizontal
asymptotes.
x 2 2x 1 x
(a) f ( x ) (b) f ( x)
2
x2 1 x 6x 5

6. Define the continuity of the functions below at the point x =1.

4 x 2 5x 1
(a) f ( x) (b) f ( x ) x 2 1
x 1

ax 2 , x 1

7. If f ( x) b , x 1 continuous at x = 1, find the value of a and b .
x2 3 , x 1

ANSWERS

1. (a) VA : x 2 , HA : y 1 (b) VA : x 2 , HA : y 0 (c) HA : y 1

(d) VA : x 3 , HA : y 0 (e) VA : x 1 , HA : y 1 (f) VA : x 3 , HA : y 1
(g) VA : x 1 (h) VA : x 2 (i) HA : y 0
(j) HA : y 0

2. (a) VA : x 1 , HA : y 2 (b) VA : x 2 , HA : y 0
3. (i) x 2 , y 2 (ii) x- intersection at (0, 0)
4. no intersection at x-axis, VA : x 3, x 3 ; HA : y 3, y 3
5. (a) VA : x 1 , HA : y 1 (b) VA : x 1, 5 , HA : y 1
x-intersection at (1, 0) x-intersection at (0, 0)
y-intersection at (0, 1) y-intersection at (0, 0)
6. (a) Discontinuous (b) Discontinuous
7. a 2, b 4

3
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TUTORIAL 9 : DIFFERENTIATION

CONCEPT PRACTICE

f ( x h) f ( x)
1. From first principles, f ' ( x ) lim , differentiate the following functions.
h 0 h
(a) f ( x ) 2 x 2 (b) f ( x) 3 x 2
1
(c) f ( x) 2 x 5 (d) f ( x )
3x 3

2. Refer f (x) from the question 1, find the value of f '(1) by using the definition,
f ( x ) f (a)
f ' (a ) lim .
xa xa

3. Differentiate each function with respect to x.

1
(a) x 4 3x 2 5 x (b) x 1x 3 (c)
5x 2
7 x 2 5x 3
(d) 2 x 4 (e) 4x 2 (f)
x3

4. Differentiate the following.

(a) y x5 x
3
(b) y x x 1 (c) y
3 x 15
2 x 10
3x
(d) y
1 x

5. Differentiate each function with respect to x.

1 x
(a) y ln(4 x 1) (b) y ln (c) y (ln x)2
1 x
2x
3x 1 e x 2 1
(d) y ln (e) y x x (f) y eln 2
x 1 e e
2
1)
(g) y 5e x ln 2 (h) y (2 x )2 x (i) y 3ln(2 x
2 2
(j) y x ln x (k) y (ln x )3 x (l) y 3 x

6. Differentiate with respect to x.

(a) y cos 3x 2 2 x (b) y sec x 2 cos x 2 (c) y tan 1 x2

(d) y ln 1 cos x (e) y cos 2 x (f) y cos 2 ln x

1
 QS015/DM025

(g) y ln sin 2 x (h) y ln esin x cot x 2 (i) y 3

cos x 2 1

(j) y ln cos x (k) y log a tan x

7. Differentiate with respect to x by using the rule of differentiation.

1 sin 2 x
(a) y e 2 x sin 3x (b) y (c) y cos ecx 2 cot x 2
tan x

8. Differentiate with respect to t.

(a) y e 2t cos t
(b) y sin t 3 4
dy
9. Find when:
dx
(a) y 2 ln( x 2 y 2 ) (b) ( x y) 3 ( x y) 3 x 4 y 4
(c) y 2 x e 2 y x 2 2 y 0 (d) x 2 e xy y 2 1
(e) x 2 ln y y 2 ln x 2

10. Differentiate with respect to x by using implicit differentiation.

(a) y 2 x 2 x cos y 1 0
(b) x cos y x 2 1 cos x
11. Find the gradient for the given value:

(a) x 3 ln y x at x = 1 (b) e xy y 2 x at x = 0 (c) 2 y 3 y 2 x 0 at y = 1

dy d2y
12. Find and in terms of t for each of the following parameter equations.
dx dx 2
t 3 t2 4 1 t
(a) x t 2 3 , y t 3 t (b) x , y (c) x 2
, y
t t 1 t 1 t2

ANSWERS

1 3
1. (a) f ' ( x) 2 (b) f ' ( x) 2 x (c) f ' ( x) (d) f ' ( x)
2x 5 (3 x 3) 2
1 1
2. (a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d)
7 12
5
3. (a) f '( x) 4 x 3 6 x 5 (b) f '( x) 2 x 2 (c) f '( x) 2
5x 2
(d) f '( x) 14 2 x 4
6
(e) f '( x)
2
(f) f '( x)
x 9 x 1
4x 2 x4

2
 QS015/DM025

4
dy 2 dy 3x 2 dy 5 3 x 1 8 3 x
4. (a) 5 x 5 4x (b) (c) 11
dx dx 2 x 1 dx 2 x
dy 3 2 x
(d)
dx 2 1 x 3
dy 4 dy 1 dy 2
5. (a) (b) (c) ln x
dx 4 x 1 dx 1 x 2 dx x
dy 2 dy e3 x 3e x dy 2x
(d) (e) (f)
dx (3 x 1)( x 1) dx e x e x 2 dx x2 1
dy dy 2x dy ln 2 x 2 1 4x
(g) 5 2 x ln 2 (h) 2 x 2 2 ln 2 x (i) 3 ln 3 2
dx dx dx 2x 1
2
dy x ln x dy 3x 1 dy 2
( j) 4ln x (k) 3 ln x ln ln x (l) 3 x 2 x ln 3
dx x dx ln x dx

6. (a)
dy
dx

6 x 2 sin 3x 2 2 x (b)
dy
dx

2x 1 sin x 2 sec x2 cosx 2 tan x2 cosx2
x sec 2 1 x 2
dy dy sin x dy
(c) (d) (e) sin 2 x
dx 1 x2 dx 1 cos x dx

dy 2 cosln x sin ln x dy dy 2 x cos ec 2 x 2

(f) (g) 2 cot x (h) cos x
dx x dx dx cot x 2
cos x 2 1 sec 2 x
(i)
dy
dx
3
2 x. ln 3. sin x 2 1 (j)
dy
dx
tan x (k)
dy

dx ln a.tan x

7. (a)
dy
e 2 x 3 cos 3 x 2 sin 3 x (b)

dy 2 sin 2 x sec 2 x tan 2 x
dx dx tan x 2
(c)
dy
dx

2 x cos ecx 2 cos ec 2 x 2 cot 2 x 2
dy dy
8. (a)
dx
e 2t 2 cos t sin t (b)
dx

3t 2 cos t 3 4
dy x dy 3( x y ) 2 3( x y ) 2 4 x 3
9. (a) (b)
dx y ( x y 2 1)
2 dx 3( x y ) 2 3( x y ) 2 4 y 3
y 2 2 xe 2 y
dy dy 2 x ye xy dy (2 x 2 ln y y 2 )( y )
(c) (d) (e)
2
dx 2 xy 2 x e 22 y dx xe xy 2 y dx ( x 2 2 y 2 ln x)( x )

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10. (a)
dy

y 2 cos y
(b)
dy


x 2 1 sin x 2 x cos x cos y
dx x sin y 2 y x 2 dx x sin y

11. (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1/8

dy 3t 2 1 d 2 y 3t 2 1 dy t 2 4 d 2 y 2t 3
12. (a) , (b) ,
dx 2t dx 2 4t 3 dx 3 dx 2 9

dy t 2 1 d 2 y (1 t 2 ) 3
(c) ,
dx 2t dx 2 4t 3

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES

x d2y 2dy
1. If y , prove that ( 1 x ) 2 3 y 0.
1 x 2 dx dx

d 2 y dy dy
2. If e x xe y 4 0 , prove that x 2
( x 2) e x y 0 .
dx dx dx

1 1 dy
3. If x t and y 2t , t 0 show that 2 3(t 2 1) 1 .
t t dx

t
4. Given x and y 1 t
1t
dy dy
(a) Find in terms of t, determine the value of t if 1.
dx dx
d2y
(b) Find at the value of t.
dx 2

d 2 y dy
5. If y ae sin x , where a is constant, prove that cos x tan x
dx 2 dx

2
dy d 2 y dy
6. If y ln sin 3 2 x , find and prove 3 2 36 0 .
dx dx dx

y dy
7. Given that ye 2 x sin , find in terms of x and y.
x dx

4
 QS015/DM025

8. A curve has parametric equations x 2t sin 2t , y cos 2t , 0 t . Prove that
2
dy
tan t .
dx

ANSWERS

d2y d2y
4. (a) t = 0, t = 2 (b) t 0, 2; t 2, 2
dx 2 dx 2
y
y 2 x 2 e 2 x cos
dy x
7.
dx y
x cos xe 2 x
x

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TUTORIAL 10 : APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIATIONS

CONCEPT PRACTICE

1. For the given curve f (x) x 4 x 3 3 x 2 1 , find relative maximum or minimum.

2. Use the first derivative test to determine the relative maximum or minimum ( if any ) for the
following curves
4 3
(a) y x 4 x 4x2 (b) f ( x) 3x 4 4 x3 1
3
3. Find the relative extremum points of the following functions
2
(a) f ( x ) x 3 x (b) f ( x) x3 3x 2

4. By using second derivative test, find the local extremum for the following curves
4x
(a) y 2 x3 3x 2 12 x 7 (b) f ( x)
1 x2
2x
5. Given f ( x) . Find the stationary points to the curve, and determine the maximum
2
x 1
and the minimum points.

6. Given that f ( x) x 3 3 x 2 9 x 11 .
(a) If f intersects the x-axis at x = 1, x = p and x = q, find p and q.
(b) Use the second derivative test to find the coordinates of the local extremum.

7. Given that f ( x ) x 4 2 x 2 1 . Use the first derivative test to determine the local extremum
of f(x).

8. Given f ( x ) x (1 x) .
(a) State the set of values of x for which f(x) is defined.
(b) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of f(x).

9. The curve y x 3 px 2 qx r passes through the point (0,5) and has stationary points at
x = 4 and x = -3. Find the values of p, q and r.

10. Determine the stationary point of the curve y = x ln (1 + x).

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ANSWERS

1. Maximum point (0,1) ; Minimum points (-1.66,-4.25),(0.91,-0.04)

32 5
2. (a) Maximum point 0, 0 ; Minimum points 2, , 1,
3 3
(b) Relative minimum point 1,0

3. (a) Minimum point 3, 0 ; Maximum point 1, 4

(b) Relative maximum point 1, 4 Relative minimum point 1,0

4. (a) Local minimum point (1,0) ; Local maximum point (-2,27)

(b) Local minimum point (-1,-2) ; Local maximum point (1,2)

5. stationary points (-1,-1) , (1,1); Minimum point (-1,-1) ; Maximum point (1,1)

6. (a) p = 4.464 ; q = -2.464

(b) Local Maximum 1,16 ; Local Minimum 3, 16
7. Local Maximum 0,1 ; Local Minimum 1, 0 , 1, 0
2 2 3
8. (a) x : x 1 (b) ,
3 9
9. p = -1.5, q = -36 and r = 5

10. Minimum point (0,0)

CONSOLIDATION EXERCISE

1. A closed rectangle box has the length which is twice its breadth and the total surface area is
300 cm2. If the breadth of the box is x cm and its volume is V cm3, show that
4
V 100 x x3 . Hence, find the height of the box when its volume is maximum.
3

2. A cylinder is inscribed inside a right circular cone of radius 6 cm and height 10 cm. The base
of the cylinder is on the base of the cone. Find the radius, height and maximum volume of the
cylinder.

3. Water from an inverted hollow right circular cone (full of water) of height 16 cm and radius
4 cm is leaking at the rate of 2cm3s-1. Find the rate of decrease of water level when the depth
is 8 cm.

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4. A spherical balloon is inflating at the rate of 500m3s-1. Find the rate of increase of the surface
area when its radius is 20 m.

1 1 1
5. In a physics experiment, the distances x and y are related to each other by . If the
x y 5
distance of y is increasing at the rate of 16cms-1, find the rate of change of the distance of x
when y = 9 cm.

6. Water is poured into an inverted cone with semi vertical angle of 60 at the rate of
18cm3/minute. Find

(a) The depth of the water after 12 minutes.

(b) The rate of change of the depth at this instant.

7. A cylinder is inscribed in a fixed cone of radius 2c and height c. The vertical axis of
symmetry of both solids are the same. The circumferences of the circular ends of the cylinder
being contact with the base and the curved surface of the cone.

(a) If the radius of the cylinder is x cm, find the volume and the total surface area of the
cylinder in the terms of c and x.
(b) If c is constant and x is made to vary, find the maximum volume of the cylinder.

ANSWERS

20 5 160
1. h or 6.67 cm 2. r=4 , h = 10 r ; cm3
3 3 3

3. - 0.16 cm/minute

4. 50 m2s-1

5. - 25 cm/s
1
6. (a) h = 6cm b) cm/minute
6
1 16 c 3
7. (a) V x 2 (2c x) Total surface Area, L x( x 2c) (b) cm3
2 27