Energy

Arno Smets PVMD

Delft University of Technology
Learning objectives

How are Force, Energy and Power related

How to define and relate different types of energy
Implications of first and second thermodynamic laws
Force

F = force
m = mass
a = acceleration
E = energy
s = distance
Energy

1 m
G = gravitational force
H = height
100 g
g = gravitational constant
m = mass
Energy G

100 g

1 m
Joule
Amount of energy required to 100 g
apply a force of 1 Newton
over a distance of 1 meter
Energy

H = height (m)
m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.806 m/s2
c0 = speed of light in vacuo = 2.998108 m/s
V = Voltage (V)
q = elementary charge = 1.60210-19 C
T = Temperature (K)
kB = Boltzmanns constant =1.38010-23 J/K
= frequency (1/s)
h = Plancks constant = 6.62610-34 Js
Power

P = power 70W
t = time

7W
Alternative units of energy

Kilowatt-hour
Alternative units of energy

Kilowatt-hour

Electron-volt
Energy gained by the charge of an electron moved
across an electric potential difference of one volt
Alternative units of energy

Kilowatt-hour

Electron-volt
Energy gained by the charge of an electron moved
across an electric potential difference of one volt

Ton of oil equivalent

Energy released by burning one ton of crude oil
Alternative units of energy

Kilowatt-hour

Electron-volt
Energy gained by the charge of an electron moved
across an electric potential difference of one volt

Ton of oil equivalent

Energy released by burning one ton of crude oil

Calorie
Energy necessary to raise the temperature of 1g of
water by 1 degree Celsius, at a pressure of 1 atm
Thermodynamic laws

First law
Total energy of an isolated system
is constant

Second law
The Entropy of an isolated system
will only ever increase or stay the
same
Entropy
Mechanical energy Electrical energy

Amount of dispersion of energy

and matter in a closed system

Measure of the usefulness of a

type of energy

Thermal energy