Bondstrand®, Centron®, Dualoy® and Bondstrand® SSL

Ameron International Corporation is a multinational manufacturer of
highly-engineered products and materials for the chemical, industrial,

energy, transportation and infrastructure markets.
Traded on the New York Stock Exchange (AMN), Ameron is a leading
producer of water transmission lines; high-performance coatings and
nishes for the protection of metals and structures;
berglass-composite pipe for transporting oil, fuels, chemicals and
corrosive uids and specialized materials and products used in
infrastructure projects. The Company operates businesses in North
America, South America, Europe, the Russian Federation, Australasia
and Asia. It also participates in several joint-venture companies in the
U.S., Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Egypt.
With Bondstrand, Centron, Dualoy and Bondstrand SSL

(Steel Strip Laminate) Ameron offers the worlds most
comprehensive line of Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe
products, representing a cost-effective alternative to corrosion-prone
metallic piping and (reinforced) thermo plastics. The corrosion
resistance and chemical inertness of Glassber Reinforced Epoxy
(GRE) pipe make it especially suitable for service in hostile and
corrosive environments. Furthermore, it is much lighter in weight than
comparable steel pipe and easier to install.
The Ameron Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group serves industrial, fuel

handling, military, marine, offshore and oileld markets with
high-performance Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) piping systems
of up to 100 mm (40 inch) in diameter and pressure classes of up to
245 bar (3500 psi).
High standards of performance

Amerons Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group is a leader in Glassber
Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) technology. All pipes are manufactured
using state-of-the-art computer-controlled equipment. In order to meet
industrys ever more exacting needs for quality products and services.
Ameron is certied in accordance with ISO 9001.
Ameron 2007 - FP562 B_intro 03/07 supersedes FP 562 A_intro 01/04. Printed in The Netherlands.
BONDSTRAND GLASSFIBER REINFORCED
EPOXY PIPE S
SYSTEMS
The many advantages of Ameron
glassfiber reinforced pipe systems
Durable and corrosion resistant CHEMICAL PROCESSING

Ameron GRE piping is inert to internal
corrosion from water, salt water,
industrial waste water, chemicals,
residues and bacteria. Similarly it resists
exterior corrosion even in aggressive
environments. Cathodic protection is not
required.
Lightweight easy to install

GRE pipe systems, being just a quarter to
an eighth the weight of comparable steel
pipe, are easy to install without the need
of heavy equipment.
Reduced costs
The installation cost of GRE pipe systems
are typically 80% of the costs of carbon
steel. The corrosion resistance and
resistance to UV light reduce the
maintenance costs for both above-
ground and buried pipelines. The smooth
internal surface reduces the head loss
resulting in lower pump energy
consumption.
Wide range of piping systems

Ameron offers complete piping systems in
a variety of diameters and pressures for
many different application areas are
available in diameters up to 1000 mm (40
inch), pressures classes up to 245 bar
(3500 PSI) and standard lengths up to
12 m (40-feet). Including a choice of joint
systems. WASTE INCENERATION WATER TREATMENT CHEM
Longer life
Bondstrand longevity reduces, or
eliminates loss of service or costly
shutdown.
No contamination
Bondstrand does not produce rust or
scale which could foul steam traps, valves
and other components.
Low thermal conductivity

The thermal conductivity of Glassfiber
Reinforced Epoxy is approximately 1% of
the thermal conductivity value of steel.
This means Bondstrand helps you save on
your energy costs.
COST COMPARISON WITH
CONVENTIONAL STEEL MECHANICAL
WIDE RANGE OF
SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
Our corrosion-resistant piping systems can be
used in a wide range of applications.
From water transmission to fuel handling.
Also special piping systems are designed for
TOTAL INSTALLED COST fire protection and food processing.
EQUALS
TRADITIONAL STEEL PIPING Typical application areas are:
A comparison of costs
clearly shows the savings Ballast water
during the service life of
the piping system. Brine transmission
Chemical processing
Cooling water
FIRE MAINS
Corrosive liquid transmission
District heating
Fire water / fire protection
Food processing
General water service
Medical and cosmetic processing
Potable water
COOLING WATER Process water
Salt water disposal
Seawater supply
Sprinkler systems
Steam condensate return
Waste water
Water transmission
Water treatment
WATER TREATMENT
WIDE RANGE OF SYSTEMS

Bondstrand 2000/2000G
for general applications
Available in sizes 116 inch.
Pressure class: 16 bar.
Internal liner: 0.5 mm.
Bondstrand 3400
MICAL PROCESSING PROCESS WATER for various pressure requirements
Pressure class: up to 75 bar.
Bondstrand 4000
for severe corrosive applications
Bondstrand 7000
SEAWATER SUPPLY for anti-static applications
A system with high-strength conductive
filaments incorporated in the wall of the
pipes to prevent accumulation of static
electricity produced by the flow of liquids
inside.
AMERON OFFERS THE WORLDS MOST COMPREHENSIVE SELECTION OF
LEADING PRODUCER ADHESIVE-BONDED AND MECHANICAL JOINING SYSTEMS FOR
Ameron is a leading producer GLASSFIBER REINFORCED PIPE
of glassfiber-reinforced epoxy
(GRE) pipe systems with QUICK-LOCK
manufacturing facilities in the An adhesive-bonded joint with straight spigot and
Americas, Europe and Asia- tapered bell. The integral pipe stop in the Quick-
Pacific. Ameron offers the Lock bell ensures accurate laying lengths in close
worlds most comprehensive tolerance piping.
line of GRE pipe products for Available in sizes 25-400 mm (1-16 in).
industry, oil & gas, offshore,
TAPER-TAPER
marine and fuel handling
applications. An adhesive-bonded joint with tapered male and
female ends offering superior joint strength by
CUSTOMER SUPPORT controlled adhesive thickness.
Available in sizes 50-1000 mm (2-40 in).
Ameron provides a high degree
of customer support through a KEY-LOCK
network of sales offices, supply
A self-restrained easy to install mechanical joint with
houses, stocking distributors
O-ring and locking keys.
and sales representatives in Available in sizes 50-1000 mm (2-40 in).
more than 100 countries. This is
supported by central research FLANGES
and development facilities, to One-piece flanges and Van Stone-type flanges with
meet customer requirements. movable rings.
ADVICE AT EVERY STAGE
Ameron offers advice at every
stage, from project planning to FITTINGS
installation. With advanced Standard filament-wound Couplings; 30,
software, Ameron can offer 45, 60, and 90 Elbows; Tees and Reducing
assistance in design, Tees; Concentric Reducers; Flanges and
Nipples.
calculations and engineering.
Standard Flanges are available with the
following drilling: ANSI B16.5 Class 150 &
WORLDWIDE APPROVALS
300, DIN, ISO and JIS. Other drilling patterns
Ameron is committed to Total are available on request.
Quality Management and Available in sizes 25-1000 mm (1-40 inch)
conforms to the international
ISO 9001 standard and holds
many type approvals such as
AMERON BONDSTRAND GLASSFIBER REINFORCED EPOXY PIPE SYSTEMS
Lloyds, DNV, Water Series Joining Maximum Maximum Nominal
Regulations Advisory Scheme: system* operating operating pipe size
temperature pressure
BS 6920, Factory Mutual, RAL (C) (F) (Bar) (PSI) (mm) (inch)
Gutegemeinschaft, Deutsche
Institut fr Bautechnik, Bondstrand 2000 QL 121 250 16 230 25-400 1-16
Hygiene-Institut des Bondstrand 2000G QL 93 200 16 230 25-400 1-16
Ruhrgebiets. Bondstrand 3400 TT/KL 93 200 75 1090 50-1000 2-40
Bondstrand 4000 QL 121 250 16 230 25-400 1-16
Bondstrand 7000 QL 93 200 16 230 25-400 1-16
QL=Quick-Lock, TT=Taper/Taper, KL=Key-Lock
This literature and the information and recommen- WORLDWIDE

dations it contains are based on data reasonably O P E R AT I O N
believed to be reliable. However, such factors as
variations in environment, application or installa- With
tion, changes in operating procedures, or extrapo- manufacturing
lation of data may cause different results. Ameron facilities in the
makes no representation or warranty, express or
implied, including warranties of merchantability USA, Europe and
or fitness for purpose, as to the accuracy, adequacy Asia-Pacific,
or completeness of the recommendations or in- Ameron offers
formation contained herein. Ameron assumes no
liability whatsoever in connection with this litera- the worlds most comprehensive line of
ture or the information or recommendations it GRE pipe products for industry, oil & gas,
contains. offshore, marine and fuel handling.
Ameron Ameron Ameron Ameron

Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Fiberglass-Composite Fiberglass-Composite Fiberglass-Composite
Group Pipe Group Pipe Group Pipe Group
Headquarters The Americas Europe Asia
P.O. Box 801148 P.O. Box 878 Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd.
Houston, TX 77280 Burkburnett, TX 76364 P.O. Box 6 N0. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
USA USA 4190 CA Geldermalsen Jurong
Phone (+1) 713 690 7777 Phone (+1) 940 569 1471 The Netherlands Singapore 639407
Fax (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax (+1) 940 569 2764 Phone (+31) 345 587 587 Phone (+65) 8616118
www.ameron.com Fax (+31) 345 587 561 Fax (+65) 8621302/861 7834
E-mail: marcom@ameronfpd.com E-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl E-mail: info@ameron.com.sg
Ameron 2001 FP 872 02/02. Printed in The Netherlands
BONDSTRAND GLASSFIBER REINFORCED
EPOXY (GRE) PIPE SYSTEMS

The many advantages of Ameron
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)
pipe systems
Durable and corrosion resistant

Ameron GRE piping is inert to internal
corrosion from chemicals, crude oil,
INDUSTRY
residues, injection water and bacteria.
Similarly it resists exterior corrosion even
in aggressive environments. Cathodic
protection is not required.
Lightweight easy to install

GRE pipe systems, being just a quarter to
an eighth the weight of comparable steel
pipe, are easy to install without the need
of heavy equipment.
OIL AND GAS

Reduced costs
The installation cost of GRE pipe systems
are typically 80% of the costs of carbon
steel. The corrosion resistance and
resistance to UV light reduce the
maintenance costs for both above-
ground and buried pipelines. The smooth
internal surface reduces the head loss
resulting in lower pump energy
consumption.
OFFSHORE
Ameron Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy
(GRE) pipe systems the cost
effective alternative
Ameron Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy

(GRE) pipe systems represent the cost-
effective alternative to corrosion-prone
metallic piping and non-reinforced
thermoplastics. Reduced installation and
maintenance costs, longer service life and
the ease of relocation are just a few of
the advantages of the glassfiber piping
MARINE
technology. OUTSTANDING BENEFITS

Complete piping systems DURABLE AND CORROSION RESISTANT
Ameron offers more than just pipe Longer service life
segments. Complete piping systems in a
variety of diameters and pressures for
LIGHTWEIGHT EASY TO INSTALL
many different application areas are
No need for heavy equipment
available. Including a choice of joint
systems, such as adhesive-bonded,
REDUCED COSTS
FUEL HANDLING
mechanical as well as threaded joint

systems and flanges. Less than schedule 80 carbon steel
Ameron glassfiber reinforced epoxy Does not require protective coatings
piping is available in diameters up to
1000 mm (40 inch), pressure classes up to ELECTRICALLY SHIELDED
245 bar (3500 PSI) and standard lengths When grounded properly, prevents excessive accumulation
up to 12 m (40-feet). of static electricity
PA
Duplex
max. 3.0 IT CAN TAKE IT
min. 1.35
max. 2.0
min. 1.25 Bondstrand is corrosion and chemical resistant*. It is
PE inert to bacterial growth and does not deteriorate with
max. 1.6
Bondstrand min. 1.0 age, maintaining excellent flow characteristics during the
max. 1.85
min. 0.9 lifetime of the system. The low absolute roughness of
the inner surface and the large cross-sectional area result
BONDSTRAND in a significantly lower pressure drop than for example
THE COST-EFFECTIVE Carbon steel same size Schedule 40 carbon steel. The epoxy resin/
ALTERNATIVE 1.0 fiberglass matrix never requires cathodic protection
Compared installed cost of a against corrosive soil conditions and stray current
150mm (6) 75 bar (1050 PSI) electrolysis.
pipe system.
The cost of carbon steel is Maximum installed cost * A full listing of corrosion resistance capabilities is available
taken as 100%. Minimum installed cost
IT CAN TAKE
WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS THE PRESSURE
Bondstrand and Centron pipe systems are
Our corrosion-resistant pipe systems can be used in cost-effective solutions for high-pressure pipeline
a wide range of applications. From general systems for oil and gas services such as gathering
industrial services and oil & gas, to offshore, marine lines, subsea flow lines and water injection lines.
and fuel handling. Also special pipe systems were
designed for fire protection and caissons for Bondstrand SSL
offshore platforms. With a new revolutionary technology of
Typical application areas are: encapsulated high-tensile steel in a GRE jacket,
Bondstrand SSL enables operating pressures up to
INDUSTRY almost 400 bar (5750 PSI), far higher than
Chemical processing conventional non-metallic materials. Ideal for the
most demanding applications in corrosive
Corrosive liquid transmission
environments including carrying crude oil, salt and
Desalination sour water.
District heating
Fire water / fire protection Bondstrand 3400 and Centron
The technically advanced filament wound
Food, medical and cosmetic applications
construction of Bondstrand 3400 and
Steam condensate return Centron SP/SPH pipes allows for tubing and
General water service casing with deep hole capabilities over 3 km
Brine transmission (10.000 ft.) and operating pressures of up to
245 bar (3500 PSI).
OIL & GAS
Flow lines Fast, reliable make-up, no adhesive required
Oil & gas gathering Flow characteristics 1.5 times better than
Oil & gas transmission comparable steel
Low solids build-up and low pressure drop
Water injection and separation
Excellent resistance to abrasion and wear
Salt water disposal Exceptional corrosion resistance
Water transmission Exceptional pressure and axial load capabilities
Tubing & casing
Fire water / fire protection
OFFSHORE
Cooling water
IT CAN TAKE
Fire water / fire protection THE HEAT
Produced water
Epoxy pipe
Potable water Bondstrand can be used for systems which are normally
Drainage water filled without additional passive fire protection.
Sewerage Fire exposure will cause the outer surface of the pipe to
Caissons / column piping char, but the inner piping is able to perform, stabilized
by the water.
MARINE
Ballast Epoxy pipe with intumescent coating
Cargo For dry services where epoxy pipe is preferred, an outer
layer of passive fire protection can be used.
Crude oil washdown Intumescent coatings can be applied in the field
Effluent (unreinforced) or in the factory (reinforced or
Fire water / fire protection unreinforced) to provide the fire endurance needed.
Inert gas transmission The coating also provides very high resistance to
damage and may be considered for areas where the
Sanitary service
piping is vulnerable to impact.
Vent
FUEL HANDLING Flame-retardant
Flame-Retardant means the ability to retard burning and
Fuel depots extinguish the flame once the flame source is removed.
Jet fuel handling Bonstrand pipe meets rigorous requirements with
Service stations respect to flame spread and fire endurance.
AMERON OFFERS THE WORLDS MOST COMPREHENSIVE SELECTION OF
LEADING PRODUCER ADHESIVE-BONDED, THREADED AND MECHANICAL JOINING SYSTEMS FOR
Ameron is a leading GLASSFIBER REINFORCED EPOXY (GRE) PIPE
producer of Glassfiber-
Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) QUICK-LOCK
pipe systems with An adhesive-bonded joint with straight spigot
and tapered bell. The integral pipe stop in the
manufacturing facilities in Quick-Lock bell ensures accurate laying lengths
the Americas, Europe and in close tolerance piping.
Asia-Pacific. Ameron offers Available in sizes 25-400 mm (1-16 in).
the worlds most
comprehensive line of GRE TAPER/TAPER
pipe products for industry, An adhesive-bonded joint with matching
oil & gas, offshore, marine tapered male and female ends offering superior
joint strength by controlled adhesive thickness.
and fuel handling Available in sizes 50-1000 mm (2-40 in).
applications.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT KEY-LOCK

A self-restrained, easy to install, mechanical
Ameron provides a high joint utilising 1, or 2 locking keys, depending
degree of customer support on pressure requirements. Employing one
through a network of sales O-ring to provide sealing.
offices, supply houses, Available in sizes 50-1000 mm (2-40 in).
stocking distributors and
sales representatives in COIL-LOCK
more than 100 countries. A self-restrained mechanical joint offering quick
assembly with ductile spiral locking key
This is supported by central between male and female. Two O-ring seals
research and development can be easily tested at assembly.
facilities, to meet customer Available in sizes 50-1000 mm (2-40 in).
requirements.
DOUBLE O-RING
EXPERTISE AT EVERY A mechanical joint offering quick assembly
STAGE between male and female ends. Two O rings
Ameron offers advice at are employed to provide sealing. Available in
sizes 25-900 mm (1-36 in).
every stage, from project
planning to installation.
With advanced software, CENTRON PROPRIETARY 4 RD
A 4 round threaded joint offering quick
Ameron can offer assistance assembly between male and female ends.
in design, calculations and An O ring is employed to provide optimal
engineering. sealing.
An EUE 8 RD joint is also available in sizes
Ameron field service 11/2 - 41/2 in (tubing), 41/2 - 95/8 in (casing) and
engineers are available to 2-8 in (line pipe).
assist the nominated
contractor throughout the
FLANGES
project. One-piece flanges and Van Stone-type flanges
with loose flange rings.
WORLDWIDE APPROVALS Available in sizes 25-1000 mm (1-40 in).
Ameron is committed to
Total Quality Management
and conforms to the
international ISO 9001
standard and holds many
approvals such as API 15LR AMERON BONDSTRAND GLASSFIBER REINFORCED EPOXY PIPE SYSTEMS
and API 15HR.
Series Maximum Maximum Nominal
operating operating pipe size
temperature pressure
(C) (F) (Bar) (PSI) (mm) (inch)

Bondstrand 121 250 75 1050 25-1000 1-40
Centron 93 200 245 3500 50-250 2-10
Bondstrand SSL 121 250 398 5750 200-1000 8-40
Fiberglass-Composite Pipe
Group Headquarters U.S.A. Europe Asia

Ameron International Ameron International Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd.
Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Division 1004 Ameron Road Fiberglass-Composite Pipe No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
9720 Cypresswood Drive, Suite 325 P.O. Box 878 P.O. Box 6 Jurong
Houston, Texas 77070, U.S.A. Burkburnett, Texas 76364 4190 CA Geldermalsen Singapore 639407
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 U.S.A. The Netherlands Phone: +65 6861 6118
Fax: +1 832 912 9393 Phone: +1 940 569 1471 Phone: +31 345 587 587 Fax: +65 6862 1302/6861 7834
E-mail: marcom@ameronfpd.com Fax: +1 940 569 2764 Fax: +31 345 587 561 E-mail: info@ameron.com.sg
E-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl
Website: http://www.ameron-fpg.com
Ameron 2006 FP 565C (UK) 02/06 supersedes FP 565B 06/00. Printed in The Netherlands
Quick-Lock
Bondstrand 2000 (G),
4000 and 7000 (G)
1-16 inch Glassber Reinforced Epoxy
(GRE) pipe systems for
general service
Uses and applications Chemical process Geothermal

Chilled water Jet fuel and liquid petroleum
Chlorination Potable water
Cooling water Produced water
District heating Salt water
Drainage Sanitary/sewage
Fire water Sea water
Food water Ventilation/air conditioning
Fresh water Waste water
Characteristics These pipe systems are designed and rated to meet the following requirements:
- API (American Petroleum Institute) Specication, USA: 15LR-0006.1;
- International Maritime Organisation (IMO): A18/Res.753;
- Lloyd's Register, United Kingdom: Type Approvals;
- U.S. Federal Regulations 21 CFR 175.105 and 21 CFR 177.2280 for conveying
foodstuffs when joined with Bondstrand epoxy adhesive.
- Water Regulations Advisory Scheme No. 9911528, United Kingdom - BS 6920;
Maximum operating temperature: up to 121C.

Pipe diameter: 1-16 inch (25-400 mm).
Pipe system design for pressure ratings up to 20 bar.
ASTM D-2992 Hydrostatic Design Basis (Procedure B -service factor 0.5).

ASTM D-2310 Classication: RTRP-11 FE for cyclic hydrostatic design basis.
ASTM D-2310 Classication: RTRP-11 FX for static hydrostatic design basis.
ASTM D-1599 Safety factor of 4:1.
Pipe
Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe for Quick-Lock adhesive-
bonding systems.
Fittings
A wide range of lined lament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) ttings for Quick-
Lock adhesive-bonding systems. For special ttings, not listed in this product guide, please
contact your Ameron representative.
Flanges
Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) heavy-duty anges and stub-end
anges for Quick-Lock adhesive bonding systems. Standard ange drilling patterns as
per ANSI B16.5 (150 Lb). Other ange drilling patterns, such as ANSI B16.5 (> 150 Lb),
DIN, ISO and JIS are also availabe.
Ameron 2007. FP 899 C 05/07 supersedes FP 899 B 12/05. Page 1 of 20. Printed in The Netherlands.
Table of Contents General
Adhesives ...................................................................................................................18
Conversions ...............................................................................................................19
Engineering design & installation data .......................................................................19
Field testing ................................................................................................................19
Important notice..........................................................................................................19
Joining system and conguration .................................................................................3
Mechanical properties ..................................................................................................4
Physical properties .......................................................................................................4
Pipe series....................................................................................................................3
Pipe length ...................................................................................................................3
Pipe dimensions and weights .......................................................................................5
Pipe performance .........................................................................................................6
Quick-Lock dimensions .............................................................................................4
Span length ..................................................................................................................7
Surge Pressure ..........................................................................................................19
Fittings
Crosses
Equal crosses .............................................................................................................13
Couplings
Couplings ...................................................................................................................17
Deluge Couplings with Reverse Taper Bushing with or Outlets .........................13
Elbows
Elbow 90 .....................................................................................................................8
Elbow 45 .....................................................................................................................8
Elbow 22 ..................................................................................................................8
Flanges
Blind Flanges..............................................................................................................16
Heavy-Duty Flanges ...................................................................................................15
Hub Flanges ...............................................................................................................15
Orice Flanges ...........................................................................................................16
Stub-end Flanges ................................................................................................. 15-16
Laterals
Lateral 45 ..................................................................................................................13
Nipples
Nipples .......................................................................................................................17
Reducers
Concentric Reducers ..................................................................................................14
Eccentric Reducers ....................................................................................................14
Saddles
Bushing saddles .........................................................................................................12
Grounding saddles .....................................................................................................18
Reducing saddles with Quick-Lock Socket Branch ....................................................11
Reducing saddles with Flanged Branch .....................................................................12
Support saddles .........................................................................................................17
Specials
Specials ......................................................................................................................19
Tees
Equal Tees ....................................................................................................................8
Reducing Tees..............................................................................................................9
Fabricated Reducing Tees with Flanged Branch ........................................................10
Pipe series Bondstrand 2000
Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe system (MDA-cured).
Standard 0.5 mm internal resin-rich reinforced liner.
Maximum operating temperature: 121C.
Maximum pressure rating: 20 bar.
Minimum pressure: full vacuum.
Bondstrand 2000G
Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe system (IPD-cured).
Bondstrand 4000
Minimum pressure: full vacuum (< 12 inch).
Bondstrand 7000 (** conductive)

Bondstrand 7000G (** conductive)

Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe system (IPD-cured).
** Conductive
Our conductive pipe systems have been developed to prevent accumulation of potenti-
ally dangerous levels of static electrical charges. Pipe and anges contain high strength
conductive laments and ttings include a conductive liner. Together with a conductive
adhesive this provides an electrically continuous system.
Description Bondstrand Bondstrand Bondstrand Bondstrand Bondstrand

2000 2000G 4000 7000 7000G
Liner 0.5 mm* 0.5 mm* 1.3 mm - *** - ***
Temperature** 121C. 93C. 121 C. 121 C. 93C.
Cure MDA IPD MDA MDA IPD
Pressure Rating 20 bar 20 bar 16 bar 20 bar 20 bar
* Also available without liner.
** Above 93C, derate the pressure rating lineairly to 50% at 121C.
*** Also available with 0,5 mm conductive liner.
Joining system & Pipe

conguration 25-400 mm (1-16 inch):
Quick-Lock straight taper adhesive joint with integral pipe stop in bell end.
End conguration: Integral Quick-Lock taper x shaved straight spigot.
Fitting
25-400 mm (1-16 inch):
Quick-Lock straight taper adhesive joint with integral pipe stop in bell end.
End conguration: integral Quick-Lock bell ends.
Note: * Pipe nipples, saddles and anged ttings have different end congurations.
Typical pipe length Nominal Joining Approximate overall Length*

Pipe size System Europe Plant Asia Plant
[mm] [inch] [m] [m]
25-40 1-1 Quick-Lock 5.5 3.0
50-125 2-5 Quick-Lock 6.15 6.15/9.0
150 6 Quick-Lock 6.1 6.1/9.0
200 8 Quick-Lock 6.1/11.8 6.1/9.0
250 10 Quick-Lock 6.1/11.8 6.1/12.0
300-400 12-16 Quick-Lock 6.05/11.8 6.05/12.0
* Tolerance +/- 50 mm.
Typical physical Pipe property Units Value Method
properties Thermal conductivity pipe wall W(m.K) .33 Ameron
Thermal expansivity (lineair) 10-6 mm/mm/C 18.0 Ameron
Flow coefcient Hazen-Williams 150 -
Absolute roughness 10-6 m 5.3 -
Density kg/m3 1800 -
Specic gravity - 1.8 ASTM D-792
Typical mechanical MDA-CURED

properties Bondstrand 2000, 4000 and 7000 Units 21C 93C Method
Bi-axial
Ultimate hoop stress at weeping N/mm2 250 ASTM D-1599
Circumferential
Hoop tensile strength N/mm2 220 ASTM D-2290
Hoop tensile modulus N/mm2 25200 22100 ASTM D-2290
Poissons ratio axial/hoop 0.65 0.81 Ameron
Longitudinal
Axial tensile strength N/mm2 80 65 ASTM D-2105 Axial
tensile modulus N/mm2 12500 9700 ASTM D-2105
Poissons ratio hoop/axial 0.40 0.44 ASTM D-2105
Axial bending strength N/mm2 85 Ameron
Beam
Apparent elastic modulus N/mm2 12500 8000 ASTM D-2925
Hydrostatic Design Basis
Static N/mm2 124 ASTM D-2992
(Proc. B.)
IPD-CURED
Bondstrand 2000G and 7000G Units 21C 93C Method
Bi-axial
Ultimate hoop stress at weeping N/mm2 300 ASTM D-1599
Circumferential
Hoop tensile strength N/mm2 380 ASTM D-2290
Poissons ratio axial/hoop 0.93 1.04 Ameron
Longitudinal
Axial tensile strength N/mm2 65 50 ASTM D-2105
Axial tensile modulus N/mm2 10000 7800 ASTM D-2105
Poissons ratio hoop/axial 0.40 0.45 ASTM D-2105
Axial bending strength N/mm2 80 Ameron
Beam
Static N/mm2 148* ASTM D-2992
(Proc. B.)
* At 65C.
Quick-Lock dimensions Nominal Nominal Spigot Diameter Spigot Length

Pipe Insertion Min. Max. Min. Max.
Size Depth
(Ds) Sd Sd L L
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm]
25 1 27 32.6 32.9 28.5 31.5
40 1 32 47.5 47.8 33.5 36.5
50 2 46 59.2 59.6 47.5 50.5
80 3 46 87.6 88.0 47.5 50.5
100 4 46 112.5 112.9 47.5 50.5
125 5 57 139.5 139.9 58.5 61.5
150 6 57 166.2 166.6 58.5 61.5
200 8 64 217.1 217.5 65.0 68.0
250 10 70 271.3 271.7 70.5 73.5
300 12 76 322.2 322.6 77.5 80.5
350 14 89 353.8 354.2 91.5 94.5
400 16 102 404.1 404.5 103.0 106.0
Typical pipe dimensions Bondstrand 2000
and weights Nominal Pipe Minimum Insertion Average Designation per
Pipe Inside Structural Wall Depth Pipe ASTM
Size Diameter Thickness [t] (DS) Weight D-2996
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kg/m] (RTRP-11...)
25 1 27.1 3.0 27 0.6 FW1-2112
40 1 42.1 3.0 32 0.9 FW1-2112
50 2 53.0 3.1 46 1.1 FW1-2112
80 3 81.8 3.1 46 1.7 FW1-2112
100 4 105.2 4.1 46 2.8 FW1-2113
125 5 131.9 4.1 57 3.4 FW1-2113
150 6 159.0 4.1 57 4.1 FW1-2113
200 8 208.8 4.6 64 6.0 FW1-2114
250 10 262.9 4.6 70 7.5 FW1-2114
300 12 313.7 4.6 76 8.9 FW1-2114
350 14 344.4 4.8 89 10.2 FW1-2115
400 16 393.7 5.5 102 13.2 FW1-2116
Bondstrand 2000G
25 1 27.1 3.0 27 0.6 FX1-3112
40 1 42.1 3.0 32 0.9 FX1-3112
50 2 53.0 3.1 46 1.1 FX1-3112
80 3 81.8 3.1 46 1.7 FX1-3112
100 4 105.2 4.1 46 2.8 FX1-3113
125 5 131.9 4.1 57 3.4 FX1-3113
150 6 159.0 4.1 57 4.1 FX1-3113
200 8 208.8 4.6 64 6.0 FX1-3114
250 10 262.9 4.6 70 7.5 FX1-3114
300 12 313.7 4.6 76 8.9 FX1-3114
350 14 344.4 4.8 89 10.2 FX1-3115
400 16 393.7 5.5 102 13.2 FX1-3116
Bondstrand 4000
25* 1 27.1 2.2 27 0.5 FW1-2111
40* 1 42.1 2.2 32 0.8 FW1-2111
50 2 53.0 2.3 46 1.0 FW1-2112
80 3 81.8 2.3 46 1.5 FW1-2112
100 4 105.2 3.3 46 2.6 FW1-2112
125 5 131.9 3.3 57 3.2 FW1-2112
150 6 159.0 3.3 57 3.9 FW1-2112
200 8 208.8 3.8 64 5.7 FW1-2113
250 10 262.9 3.8 70 7.1 FW1-2113
300 12 313.7 3.8 76 8.4 FW1-2113
350 14 344.4 4.2 89 10.0 FW1-2113
400 16 393.7 5.1 102 13.5 FW1-2115
Bondstrand 7000**
25 1 27.1 3.5 27 0.6 AW1-2112
40 1 42.1 3.5 32 0.8 AW1-2112
50 2 53.0 3.6 46 1.0 AW1-2112
80 3 81.8 3.6 46 1.5 AW1-2112
100 4 105.2 4.6 46 2.5 AW1-2113
125 5 131.9 4.6 57 3.2 AW1-2113
150 6 159.0 4.6 57 3.8 AW1-2113
200 8 208.8 5.1 64 5.6 AW1-2114
250 10 262.9 5.1 70 7.0 AW1-2114
300 12 313.7 5.1 76 8.3 AW1-2114
350 14 344.4 5.3 89 9.5 AW1-2115
400 16 393.7 6.0 102 12.4 AW1-2116
Bondstrand 7000G**
25 1 27.1 3.5 27 0.6 AX1-3112
40 1 42.1 3.5 32 0.8 AX1-3112
50 2 53.0 3.6 46 1.0 AX1-3112
80 3 81.8 3.6 46 1.5 AX1-3112
100 4 105.2 3.6 46 2.5 AX1-3113
125 5 131.9 4.6 57 3.2 AX1-3113
150 6 159.0 4.6 57 3.8 AX1-3113
200 8 208.8 5.1 64 5.6 AX1-3114
250 10 262.9 5.1 70 7.0 AX1-3114
300 12 313.7 5.1 76 8.3 AX1-3114
350 14 344.4 5.3 89 9.5 AX1-3115
400 16 393.7 6.0 102 12.4 AX1-3116
* Available in 3 m. lengths from Asia plant only.
** Bondstrand series 7000 & 7000 G pipes are standard without liner. In case Bondstrand series 7000 & 7000G
pipes are supplied with liner, the structural will be 0.5 mm smaller.
Typical pipe Bondstrand 2000
performance Nominal Internal External STIS Stifness Pipe
Pipe Pressure Pressure Factor Stiffness
Size Rating** Rating* *** *** ***
[mm] [inch] [bar] [bar] [kN/m2] [lb.in] [psi]
25 1 20 436.0 2079.1 502 16197
40 1 20 130.0 618.1 502 4812
50 2 20 74.0 350.6 554 2729
80 3 20 21.0 102.2 554 796
100 4 20 23.0 110.8 1281 863
125 5 16 12.1 57.7 1281 449
150 6 16 7.0 33.4 1281 260
200 8 16 4.4 21.0 1809 164
250 10 16 2.2 10.7 1809 83
300 12 16 1.3 6.3 1809 49
350 14 16 1.1 5.5 2055 42
400 16 16 1.2 5.5 3092 43
Bondstrand 2000G
25 1 20 436.0 2087.4 504 16251
50 2 20 130.0 352.0 556 2740
40 1 20 74.0 620.5 504 4831
80 3 20 21.0 102.6 556 799
100 4 20 23.0 111.3 1286 866
125 5 16 12.1 57.9 1286 451
150 6 16 7.0 33.5 1286 261
200 8 16 4.4 21.1 1816 164
250 10 16 2.2 10.7 1816 83
300 12 16 1.3 6.4 1816 50
350 14 16 1.1 5.5 2064 43
400 16 16 1.2 5.5 3104 43
Bondstrand 4000
25 **** 1 16 186.0 889.0 198 6921
40 **** 1 16 54.0 257.2 198 2002
50 2 16 32.0 149.5 226 1164
80 3 16 9.0 43.0 226 334
100 4 16 12.4 59.1 668 460
125 5 16 6.4 30.6 668 238
150 6 16 3.7 17.7 668 137
200 8 16 2.5 12.0 1020 93
250 10 12 1.3 6.1 1020 47
300 12 12 0.8 3.6 1020 28
350 14 12 0.8 3.7 1377 29
400 16 12 0.9 4.4 2465 34
Bondstrand 7000*****
25 1 20 658.0 3142.4 797 24464
40 1 20 199.0 949.6 797 7393
50 2 20 113.0 534.7 867 4162
80 3 20 33.0 157.3 867 1225
100 4 20 32.0 154.4 1809 1202
125 5 16 16.8 80.5 1809 627
150 6 16 9.8 46.7 1809 363
200 8 16 6.0 28.5 2465 222
250 10 16 3.0 14.5 2465 113
300 12 16 1.8 8.6 2465 67
350 14 16 1.5 7.3 2767 57
400 16 16 1.5 7.1 4014 55
Bondstrand 7000G*****
25 1 20 658.0 3154.9 800 24561
40 1 20 199.0 953.3 800 7422
50 2 20 113.0 536.8 871 4179
80 3 20 33.0 157.9 871 1230
100 4 20 32.0 155.0 1816 1207
125 5 16 16.8 80.9 1816 630
150 6 16 9.8 46.9 1816 365
200 8 16 6.0 28.6 2475 222
250 10 16 3.0 14.5 2475 113
300 12 16 1.8 8.6 2475 67
350 14 16 1.5 7.3 2778 57
400 16 16 1.5 7.1 4030 56
* The safety factor used for rated external pressure is 1.5:1.
** At 93C, using Ameron approved adhesive. - *** At 21C.
**** Available in 3 m. lengths from Asia plant only.
***** For lined 7000 & 7000 G pipe use values of 2000 & 2000G.
Span length Nominal Single Span (at 21C.)
Pipe 2000/ 2000G/ 4000
Size 7000 7000G
[mm] [inch] [m] [m] [m]
25 1 2.6 2.4 2.6
40 1 2.9 2.7 2.9
50 2 3.1 2.9 3.2
80 3 3.5 3.3 3.6
100 4 4.0 3.7 4.0
125 5 4.3 4.0 4.3
150 6 4.5 4.2 4.5
200 8 5.0 4.6 5.0
250 10 5.3 4.9 5.3
300 12 5.5 5.1 5.5
350 14 5.4 5.3 5.8
400 16 5.8 5.7 6.2
Nominal Continuous Span (at 21C.)

Pipe 2000/ 2000G/ 4000
Size 7000 7000G
[mm] [inch] [m] [m] [m]
25 1 3.3 3.0 3.3
40 1 3.7 3.4 3.7
50 2 4.0 3.7 4.0
80 3 4.5 4.2 4.5
100 4 5.1 4.7 5.1
125 5 5.4 5.0 5.4
150 6 5.7 5.3 5.7
200 8 6.3 5.8 6.3
250 10 6.7 6.2 6.7
300 12 7.0 6.5 7.0
350 14 7.3 6.7 7.3
400 16 7.8 7.2 7.9
Note: 1)
Span recommendations are based on pipes lled with water having a density of 1000 kg/m3
and include no provisions for weights caused by valves, anges or other heavy objects.
2)
At 93C, span lengths are approx. 10% lower.
Elbows 90 Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average
Pipe Length Length Working Weight
Size (LL) (OL) Pressure
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
25 1 65 92 20 0.3
40 1 81 113 20 0.4
50 2 76 122 20 0.5
80 3 114 160 20 1.1
100 4 152 198 20 1.6
125 5 195 252 16 2.7
150 6 229 286 16 3.6
200 8 305 369 16 6.8
250 10 381 451 16 11.0
300 12 457 533 16 18.0
350 14 359 448 16 26.0
400 16 397 499 16 31.0

25 1 22 49 20 0.2
40 1 29 61 20 0.3
50 2 35 81 20 0.4
80 3 51 97 20 0.8
100 4 64 110 20 1.1
125 5 84 141 16 1.8
150 6 95 152 16 2.4
200 8 127 191 16 4.3
250 10 159 229 16 7.3
300 12 191 267 16 11.0
350 14 121 210 16 17.0
400 16 137 239 16 20.0

25 1 9 36 20 0.1
40 1 9 41 20 0.2
50 2 13 59 20 0.5
80 3 21 67 20 0.7
100 4 29 75 20 1.0
125 5 43 100 16 1.4
150 6 43 100 16 1.9
200 8 57 121 16 3.9
250 10 67 137 16 5.9
300 12 76 152 16 10.4
350 14 83 172 16 12.0
400 16 89 191 16 14.0
Equal Tees Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average

Pipe Length Length Length Length Working Weight
Size total run total run branch branch Pressure
(LL1) (OL1) (LL2) (OL2)
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
25 1 54 108 27 54 20 0.2
40 1 60 124 30 62 20 0.4
50 2 128 220 64 110 20 1.0
80 3 172 264 86 132 20 1.8
100 4 210 302 105 151 20 2.5
125 5 254 368 127 184 16 5.0
150 6 286 400 143 200 16 6.7
200 8 356 484 178 242 16 10.0
250 10 432 572 216 286 16 18.0
300 12 508 660 254 330 16 29.0
350 14 534 712 267 356 16 37.0
400 16 584 788 292 394 16 56.0
Reducing Tees Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average
Size (LL1) (OL1) (LL2) (OL2) Pressure
(runxrunxbranch) half run half run branch branch
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
40x40x25 1x1x1 30 62 30 57 20 1.6
50x50x25 2x2x1 64 110 57 84 20 0.9
50x50x40 2x2x1 64 110 57 89 20 1.0
80x80x25 3x3x1 86 132 76 103 20 1.6
80x80x40 3x3x1 86 132 76 108 20 1.6
80x80x50 3x3x2 86 132 76 122 20 1.7
100x100x25 4x4x1 72 118 194 221 20 7.5
100x100x40 4x4x1 89 136 194 226 20 9.0
100x100x50 4x4x2 105 151 89 135 20 2.1
100x100x80 4x4x3 105 151 98 144 20 2.3
125x125x50 5x5x2 127 184 102 148 16 3.4
125x125x80 5x5x3 127 184 111 157 16 4.0
125x125x100 5x5x4 127 184 118 164 16 4.6
150x150x25 6x6x1 83 140 221 248 16 15.0
150x150x40 6x6x1 101 158 221 253 16 17.5
150x50x50 6x6x2 143 200 114 160 16 6.2
150x150x80 6x6x3 143 200 124 170 16 5.7
150x150x100 6x6x4 143 200 130 176 16 5.9
150x150x125 6x6x5 143 200 136 193 16 6.2
200x200x25 8x8x1 84 148 245 272 16 15.0
200x200x40 8x8x1 102 165 246 278 16 17.5
200x200x50 8x8x2 117 180 246 293 16 19.9
200x200x80 8x8x3 178 242 149 195 16 9.1
200x200x100 8x8x4 178 242 162 208 16 9.7
200x200x125 8x8x5 178 242 168 225 16 10.6
200x200x150 8x8x6 178 242 168 225 16 11.4
250x250x25 10x10x1 83 153 273 300 16 18.1
250x250x40 10x10x1 100 170 273 305 16 21.3
250x250x50 10x10x2 115 185 273 320 16 24.1
250x250x80 10x10x3 115 185 273 320 16 24.1
250x250x100 10x10x4 216 286 184 230 16 14.8
250x250x125 10x10x5 216 286 194 251 16 15.2
250x250x150 10x10x6 216 286 194 251 16 15.5
250x250x200 10x10x8 216 286 203 267 16 16.5
300x300x25 12x12x1 84 160 298 325 16 21.8
300x300x40 12x12x1 102 178 298 330 16 25.4
300x300x50 12x12x2 117 193 298 345 16 28.7
300x300x80 12x12x3 117 193 298 345 16 28.7
300x300x100 12x12x4 254 330 206 252 16 21.0
300x300x150 12x12x6 254 330 219 276 16 22.0
300x300x200 12x12x8 254 330 229 293 16 23.0
300x300x250 12x12x10 254 330 241 311 16 24.0
350x350x25 14x14x1 81 170 314 341 16 23.8
350x350x40 14x14x1 99 188 314 346 16 27.7
350x350x50 14x14x2 114 203 314 361 16 31.2
350x350x80 14x14x3 114 203 314 361 16 31.2
350x350x100 14x14x4 114 203 314 361 16 31.3
350x350x150 14x14x6 267 356 244 301 16 29.0
350x350x200 14x14x8 267 356 254 318 16 30.0
350x350x250 14x14x10 267 356 267 337 16 32.0
350x350x300 14x14x12 267 356 279 355 16 34.0
400x400x25 16x16x1 85 187 338 365 16 28.6
400x400x40 16x16x1 103 204 338 370 16 33.1
400x400x50 16x16x2 118 219 338 385 16 37.0
400x400x80 16x16x3 118 219 338 385 16 37.0
400x400x100 16x16x4 118 219 338 385 16 37.0
400x400x150 16x16x6 292 394 264 321 16 37.0
400x400x200 16x16x8 292 394 273 337 16 38.0
400x400x250 16x16x10 292 394 283 353 16 41.0
400x400x300 16x16x12 292 394 295 371 16 45.0
400x400x350 16x16x14 292 394 292 381 16 49.0
Note: Regular numbers are lament wound tees; Italic numbers are fabricated tees.
Fabricated Reducing Nominal Laying Overall Laying Maximum Average
Tees with Flanged Branch Pipe Length Length Length Working Weight
Size (LL1) (OL1) (LL2) Pressure with
(runxrunxbranch) half run half run branch CL150 ange
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
50x50x25 2x2x1 72 118 179 20 3.2
80x80x25 3x3x1 72 118 193 20 4.1
80x80x40 3x3x1 89 135 198 20 5.0
80x80x50 3x3x2 104 150 212 20 6.6
100x100x25 4x4x1 72 118 225 20 8.0
100x100x40 4x4x1 89 135 230 20 9.7
100x100x50 4x4x2 104 150 244 20 12.0
100x100x80 4x4x3 104 150 245 20 12.8
150x150x25 6x6x1 83 140 252 16 11.7
150x150x40 6x6x1 101 158 257 16 13.8
150x150x50 6x6x2 116 173 271 16 17.3
150x150x80 6x6x3 116 173 272 16 18.0
150x150x100 6x6x4 116 173 272 16 18.7
200x200x25 8x8x1 84 148 276 16 15.5
200x200x40 8x8x1 101 165 281 16 18.2
200x200x50 8x8x2 116 180 295 16 21.4
200x200x80 8x8x3 116 180 296 16 22.1
200x200x100 8x8x4 116 180 296 16 22.8
200x200x150 8x8x6 144 208 317 16 30.9
250x250x25 10x10x1 83 153 303 16 18.6
250x250x40 10x10x1 100 170 308 16 22.0
250x250x50 10x10x2 115 185 322 16 25.6
250x250x80 10x10x3 115 185 323 16 26.3
250x250x100 10x10x4 115 185 323 16 27.0
250x250x150 10x10x6 143 213 344 16 33.2
300x300x25 12x12x1 84 160 329 16 22.3
300x300x40 12x12x1 102 178 334 16 26.1
300x300x50 12x12x2 117 193 348 16 30.2
300x300x80 12x12x3 117 193 349 16 30.9
300x300x100 12x12x4 117 193 349 16 31.6
300x300x150 12x12x6 142 218 370 16 38.1
350x350x25 14x14x1 81 170 344 16 24.3
350x350x40 14x14x1 99 188 349 16 28.4
350x350x50 14x14x2 114 203 363 16 32.7
350x350x80 14x14x3 114 203 369 16 33.4
350x350x100 14x14x4 114 203 364 16 34.2
350x350x150 14x14x6 141 230 385 16 41.6
400x400x25 16x16x1 85 187 369 16 29.1
400x400x40 16x16x1 103 204 374 16 33.8
400x400x50 16x16x2 118 219 388 16 38.5
400x400x80 16x16x3 118 219 389 16 39.2
400x400x100 16x16x4 118 219 389 16 39.9
400x400x150 16x16x6 145 247 410 16 48.2
Note: Other sizes, or multiple size branched tees available on request. Please contact Ameron.
Reducing Saddles with Nominal Saddle Saddle Overall Laying Saddle Maximum Average Required
Quick-Lock Socket Pipe Angle Thickn. Length Length Length Working Weight Adhesive
Size (a) (ts) (B) Pressure Kits
Branch (runxrunxbranch)
(OL) (LL)
(*) 3 and 6
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg] [Oz]
50x25 2x1 180 14 153 126 152 12 0.5 1 -
80x25 3x1 180 14 167 140 152 12 0.5 - 1
80x40 3x1 180 14 172 140 152 12 0.6 - 1
80x50 3x2 180 14 186 140 152 12 0.7 - 1
100x25 4x1 180 21 186 159 152 12 1.2 - 1
100x40 4x1 180 21 191 159 152 12 1.1 - 1
100x50 4x2 180 21 205 159 152 12 1.2 - 1
100x80 4x3 180 21 205 159 241 12 1.6 - 1
125x25 5x1 180 27 194 167 152 12 1.9 - 1
125x40 5x1 180 27 199 167 152 12 1.8 - 1
125x50 5x2 180 27 218 172 152 12 1.8 - 1
125x80 5x3 180 27 218 172 241 12 2.5 - 1
150x25 6x1 180 27 321 194 152 12 2.3 1 1
150x40 6x1 180 27 226 194 152 12 2.1 1 1
150x50 6x2 180 27 240 194 152 12 2.1 1 1
150x80 6x3 180 27 240 194 241 12 3.0 1 1
150x100 6x4 180 27 240 194 305 12 3.5 1 1
200x25 8x1 180 33 240 213 152 12 3.5 1 1
200x40 8x1 180 33 245 213 152 12 3.3 1 1
200x50 8x2 180 33 259 213 152 12 3.3 1 1
200x80 8x3 180 33 259 213 241 12 4.8 1 1
200x100 8x4 180 33 272 226 305 12 5.7 1 1
200x150 8x6 180 33 292 235 432 12 6.4 1 1
250x25 10x1 180 33 265 238 152 12 4.3 - 2
250x40 10x1 180 33 270 238 152 12 4.1 - 2
250x50 10x2 180 33 284 238 152 12 4.1 - 2
250x80 10x3 180 33 284 238 241 12 6.0 - 2
250x100 10x4 180 33 297 251 305 12 7.2 - 2
250x150 10x6 180 33 321 264 432 12 8.6 - 2
300x25 12x1 180 33 297 270 152 12 5.0 1 2
300x40 12x1 180 33 302 270 152 12 4.8 1 2
300x50 12x2 180 33 316 270 152 12 4.8 1 2
300x80 12x3 180 33 316 270 241 12 7.1 1 2
300x100 12x4 180 33 316 270 305 12 8.6 1 2
300x150 12x6 180 33 327 270 432 12 10.6 1 2
350x25 14x1 180 33 313 286 152 12 5.5 1 2
350x40 14x1 180 33 318 286 152 12 5.2 1 2
350x50 14x2 180 33 332 286 152 12 5.2 1 2
350x80 14x3 180 33 332 286 241 12 7.8 1 2
350x100 14x4 180 33 332 286 305 12 9.5 1 2
350x150 14x6 180 33 362 305 432 12 11.9 1 2
400x25 16x1 180 33 338 311 152 12 6.2 - 3
400x40 16x1 180 33 343 311 152 12 6.0 - 3
400x50 16x2 180 33 357 311 152 12 6.0 - 3
400x80 16x3 180 33 357 311 241 12 9.0 - 3
400x100 16x4 180 33 357 311 305 12 11.0 - 3
400x150 16x6 180 33 387 330 432 12 13.9 - 3
Note: (*) When reinforced as per Ameron Instructions, pressure rating can be increased to 16 bar.
Reducing Saddles with Nominal Angle Saddle Laying Saddle Maximum Avergae Required
Flanged Branch Pipe Thickn. Length Length Working Weight with Adhesive
Size Pressure CL.150 Kits
(runxbranch) (a) (ts) (LL) (B) (*) ange 3 and 6
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg] [Oz]
80x25 3x1 180 14 133 152 12 0.9 - 1
80x40 3x1 180 14 133 152 12 1.2 - 1
80x50 3x2 180 14 171 152 12 1.9 - 1
100x25 4x1 180 21 152 152 12 1.6 - 1
100x40 4x1 180 21 152 152 12 1.7 - 1
100x50 4x2 180 21 190 152 12 2.4 - 1
100x80 4x3 180 21 190 241 12 3.4 - 1
125x25 5x1 180 27 170 152 12 2.3 - 1
125x40 5x1 180 27 170 152 12 2.4 - 1
125x50 5x2 180 27 208 152 12 3.0 - 1
125x80 5x3 180 27 208 241 12 4.3 - 1
150x25 6x1 180 27 187 152 12 2.7 1 1
150x40 6x1 180 27 187 152 12 2.7 1 1
150x50 6x2 180 27 225 152 12 3.3 1 1
150x80 6x3 180 27 225 241 12 4.8 1 1
150x100 6x4 180 27 225 305 12 5.8 1 1
200x25 8x1 180 33 206 152 12 3.9 1 1
200x40 8x1 180 33 206 152 12 3.9 1 1
200x50 8x2 180 33 244 152 12 4.5 1 1
200x80 8x3 180 33 244 241 12 6.6 1 1
200x100 8x4 180 33 257 305 12 8.0 1 1
200x150 8x6 180 33 267 432 12 10.0 1 1
250x25 10x1 180 33 232 152 12 4.7 - 2
250x40 10x1 180 33 232 152 12 4.7 - 2
250x50 10x2 180 33 270 152 12 5.3 - 2
250x80 10x3 180 33 270 241 12 7.8 - 2
250x100 10x4 180 33 282 305 12 9.5 - 2
250x150 10x6 180 33 295 432 12 12.2 - 2
300x25 12x1 180 33 264 152 12 5.4 1 2
300x40 12x1 180 33 264 152 12 5.4 1 2
300x50 12x2 180 33 302 152 12 6.0 1 2
300x80 12x3 180 33 302 241 12 8.9 1 2
300x100 12x4 180 33 302 305 12 10.9 1 2
300x150 12x6 180 33 320 432 12 14.2 1 2
350x25 14x1 180 33 279 152 12 5.9 1 2
350x40 14x1 180 33 279 152 12 5.8 1 2
350x50 14x2 180 33 317 152 12 6.4 1 2
350x80 14x3 180 33 317 241 12 9.6 1 2
350x100 14x4 180 33 317 305 12 11.8 1 2
350x150 14x6 180 33 336 432 12 15.5 1 2
400x25 16x1 180 33 305 152 12 6.6 - 3
400x40 16x1 180 33 305 152 12 6.6 - 3
400x50 16x2 180 33 343 152 12 7.2 - 3
400x80 16x3 180 33 343 241 12 10.8 - 3
400x100 16x4 180 33 343 305 12 13.3 - 3
400x150 16x6 180 33 362 432 12 17.5 - 3
Note: (*) When reinforced as per Ameron instructions, pressure rating can be increased to 16 bar.
* Flange drilling class has to be specied when ordering (see ange section).
Bushing Saddles Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) adhesive-bonded pipe saddles
with stainless steel1) 1/22) inch and 3/42) inch threaded bushings.
Nominal Angle Saddle Maximum Average Required

Pipe Length Working Weight Adhesive
Size (a) (B) Pressure Kits
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [bar] [kg] [3 Oz] [6 Oz]
50 2 180 100 16 0.3 1 -
80 3 180 100 16 0.7 1 -
100 4 180 100 16 0.8 1 -
125 5 180 100 16 0.9 - 1
150 6 180 100 16 1.1 - 1
200 8 180 100 16 1.3 - 1
250 10 180 100 16 1.6 1 1
300 12 180 100 12 1.8 1 1
350 14 180 100 12 1.9 1 1
400 16 180 100 12 2.1 - 2
1)
Consult Ameron for other type material.
2)
Consult Ameron for other sized bushings
Deluge Couplings with Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) deluge couplings with reversed
Reversed Taper Bushings taper bushings with 1/21) inch and 3/41) inch threaded outlets.
with 1/2 or 3/4 Outlets
Nominal Laying Overall Outside Maximum Average
Pipe Length Length Diameter Working Weight
Size (LL) (OL) (OD) Pressure
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm[ [bar] [kg]
50 2 60 152 95 16 1.6
80 3 60 152 126 16 2.3
100 4 60 152 147 16 2.6
125 5 60 175 174 16 3.5
150 6 60 175 201 16 4.0
200 8 60 187 251 16 5.4
250 10 115 255 305 16 9.0
300 12 115 268 356 16 11.0
350 14 115 290 414 16 22.2
400 16 115 318 436 16 25.4
* Outlets are NPT or BSP, to be specied with order.

** Other congurations are available on request.
*** Bushings are only available in titanium.
45 Laterals Filament-wound ttings with integral Quick-Lock adhesive-bonding socket ends.
Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average

[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
50 2 64 110 203 249 16 1.6
80 3 76 122 254 300 16 3.0
100 4 76 122 305 351 16 3.9
125 5 89 146 337 394 16 5.8
150 6 89 146 368 425 16 6.8
200 8 114 178 445 509 16 12
250 10 127 197 521 591 16 21
300 12 140 216 622 698 16 30
350 14 140 229 622 711 16 39
400 16 140 242 622 724 16 54
Note: Consult ameron for higher pressures.
Equal Crosses Filament-wound ttings with integral Quick-Lock adhesive-bonding socket ends.
Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average

50 2 128 220 64 110 12 1.3
80 3 172 364 86 132 12 2.5
100 4 210 302 105 151 12 3.2
125 5 254 368 127 184 12 4.9
150 6 286 400 143 200 12 5.9
200 8 356 484 178 242 12 10
250 10 432 572 216 286 12 16
300 12 508 660 254 330 12 27
350 14 534 712 267 356 12 42
400 16 584 788 292 394 12 65
Note: Consult Ameron for higher pressures.
Concentric Reducers Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average
(runxrun)
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [bar] [kg]
40x25 1x1 32 91 20 0.2
50x25 2x1 64 137 20 0.3
50x40 2x1 32 110 20 0.5
80x40 3x1 76 154 20 0.5
80x50 3x2 54 146 20 0.5
100x50 4x2 76 168 20 1.1
100x80 4x3 73 165 20 0.9
125x80 5x3 74 177 16 1.4
125x100 5x4 74 177 16 1.5
150x80 6x3 97 200 16 1.8
150x100 6x4 94 197 16 1.8
150x125 6x5 110 224 16 1.8
200x100 8x4 138 248 16 2.9
200x125 8x5 126 247 16 2.8
200x150 8x6 98 219 16 2.7
250x150 10x6 117 244 16 3.7
250x200 10x8 105 239 16 3.6
300x200 12x8 149 289 16 5.0
300x250 12x10 137 283 16 4.6
350x250 14x10 184 343 16 7.2
350x300 14x12 178 343 16 7.3
400x300 16x12 165 343 16 8.9
400x350 16x14 152 343 16 9.0
Eccentric Reducers Filament-wound ttings with integral Quick-Lock adhesive bonding socket ends.
Nominal Laying Overall Eccentricity Maximum Average

Size
(runxrun) (LL) (OL) (X)* Pressure
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
40x25 1x1 56 115 7 20 0.2
50x25 2x1 100 173 13 20 0.3
50x40 2x1 44 122 6 20 0.3
80x40 3x1 150 228 20 20 0.6
80x50 3x2 108 200 14 20 0.6
100x50 4x2 200 292 27 20 1.3
100x80 4x3 93 185 12 20 1.0
125x100 5x4 101 204 14 16 1.5
150x80 6x3 293 396 39 16 2.5
150x100 6x4 200 303 27 16 2.3
150x125 6x5 100 214 13 16 2.3.
200x100 8x4 390 500 52 16 4.6
200x125 8x5 290 411 39 16 4.3
200x150 8x6 190 311 25 16 3.6
250x150 10x6 392 519 53 16 6.5
250x200 10x8 202 336 27 16 5.1
300x200 12x8 390 530 53 16 8.4
300x250 12x10 190 336 26 16 6.3
350x250 14x10 308 467 42 16 9.2
350x300 14x12 118 283 16 16 6.7
400x300 16x12 306 484 41 16 12.8
400x350 16x14 188 379 25 16 11.2
Note: (*) Shows eccentricity of the eccentric reducers.
Heavy-Duty Flanges Filament-wound standard anges with integral Quick-Lock adhesive bonding socket ends.
Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average weight * DIN 2633 DIN 2633
Pipe Length Length Working ANSI ANSI ISO ISO
Size (LL) (OL) Pressure B16.5 B16.5 7005.2 7005.2
CL.150 CL.300 PN10 PN16
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [bar] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg]
25 1 3 30 20 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
40 1 3 35 20 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0
50 2 5 51 20 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.8
80 3 5 51 20 1.8 2.6 2.4 2.4
100 4 5 51 20 2.8 3.8 2.7 2.7
125 5 5 62 16 3.8 5.4 4.0 4.0
150 6 6 63 16 4.5 6.7 4.9 4.9
200 8 6 70 16 5.0 9.9 7.1 6.9
250 10 6 76 16 9.5 13.2 9.1 9.8
300 12 5 81 16 14.5 19.2 11.2 12.7
350 14 8 97 16 20.5 29.8 18.6 20.5
400 16 8 110 16 26.8 40.0 25.0 27.4
Note: Other drillings may be possible. Please consult Ameron.

* Full-face elastomeric gaskets may be used suitable for the service pressure, service temperature and
uid. Shore A durometer hardness of 60 +5 is recommended (3 mm thick). Compressed bre gaskets (3
mm thick), compatible with pressure, temperature and medium may also be used. Mechanical properties
should be in accordance with DIN 3754 (IT 400) or equal.
** For maximum bolt torque refer to the appropriate Bondstrand literature. torque-wrench must be used,
since excessive torque may result in ange damage.
Hub Flanges Filament-wound standard anges with integral Quick-Lock adhesive bonding socket ends.
Nominal Laying Overall Flange Maximum Average weight DIN 2633 DIN 2633
Pipe Length Length Thickness Working ANSI ANSI ISO ISO
Size Pressure B16.5 B16.5 7005.2 7005.2
(LL) (OL) (E) CL.150 CL.300 PN10 PN16
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg]
50 2 5 51 30 12 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.0
80 3 5 51 30 12 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.1
100 4 5 51 33 12 2.2 2.9 2.1 2.1
125 5 5 62 47 12 3.7 4.9 3.6 3.6
150 6 6 63 47 12 3.7 5.4 3.9 3.9
200 8 6 70 54 12 6.2 8.4 6.0 6.0
250 10 6 76 54 12 8.4 11.1 7.6 8.2
300 12 5 81 56 12 12.3 15.3 9.0 10.2
350 14 8 97 72 12 17.3 22.6 14.1 15.5
400 16 8 110 85 12 25.6 32.9 20.6 22.6
Note: As per above heavy-duty anges.
Stub-end Filament-wound O-ring sealed stub-ends with integral Quick-Lock adhesive bonding
socket ends and steel backing rings.
Nominal Laying Overall Face Ring Maximum Average

Pipe Length Length Diameter to Face Working Weight
Size (LL) (OL) (RF) (H) Pressure GRE Stub-end
25 1 10 37 51 10 20 0.1
40 1 10 42 73 10 20 0.2
50 2 10 56 92 10 20 0.2
80 3 10 56 127 10 20 0.4
100 4 10 56 157 16 20 0.6
125 5 10 67 186 16 16 1.0
150 6 10 67 216 16 16 1.2
200 8 10 74 270 16 16 1.8
250 10 10 80 324 23 16 2.5
300 12 10 86 378 23 16 3.3
350 14 10 98 413 27 16 3.8
400 16 10 112 470 27 16 5.7
Note: Up to 10 bar stub-ends without O-ring groove can be used with elastomeric gaskets.
Galvanized* Steel Nominal ANSI Average ANSI DIN 2633 ISO DIN 2633 ISO Average
Ring Flange for Stub-ends Pipe B16.5 Weight B16.5 Average 7005.2 Average 7005.2 Weight
Size CLASS.150 CLASS.300 Weight PN 10 Weight PN 16
(D) (D) (D) (D)
[mm] [inch] [mm] [kg] [mm] [kg] [mm] [kg] [mm] [kg]
25 1 14.3 0.8 17.5 1.3 16 1.0 16 1.0
40 1 17.5 1.2 20.6 2.3 16 1.7 16 1.7
50 2 19.0 1.8 22.2 2.5 18 2.2 18 2.2
80 3 23.8 3.2 28.6 4.8 20 3.0 20 3.0
100 4 23.8 4.2 31.7 7.0 20 3.1 20 3.1
125 5 23.8 4.4 34.9 9.5 22 3.6 23 3.8
150 6 25.5 5.2 36.5 12.2 22 4.9 23 5.1
200 8 28.8 8.5 41.3 18.3 25 7.1 27 7.3
250 10 35.6 13.5 47.6 26.0 28 9.3 32 11.8
300 12 40.0 23.0 50.8 38.7 29 10.7 35 15.4
350 14 41.6 32.0 54.0 56.3 36 21.3 40 26.3
400 16 47.9 42.0 58.2 70.1 40 26.6 44 33.0
Note: Other materials and/or drillings are available. Please consult Ameron.
Orice Flanges Filament-wound standard Quick-Lock anges with ANSI B16.5 Class 150 drilling.
Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average

Size (LL) (OL) Pressure Flange
[mm] [inch] [mm] [kg] [kg] [kg]
50 2 40 86 16 2.2
80 3 39 85 16 3.0
100 4 39 85 16 4.7
125 5 39 96 12 5.8
150 6 40 97 12 6.9
200 8 40 104 12 7.4
250 10 38 108 12 13.5
300 12 40 116 12 22.1
350 14 40 129 12 30.0
400 16 40 142 12 39.8
Note: Other drillings are available. Please consult Ameron.

Flanges with 1/2 NPT female thread, 316 SS nipple and bushing.
Other metals on request.
Also available with 2 outlets spaced at 180 degree, on special request.
Blind Flanges Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) blind anges
Nominal Flange Maximum Average Weight Average Weight

Pipe Thickness Working ANSI B16.5 ANSI B16.5 DIN 2633 ISO 7005.2
Size (D) Pressure CLASS 150 CLASS.300 PN 10 PN 16
[mm] [inch] [mm] [bar] [kg] [kg] [kg] [kg]
25 1 25 20 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5
40 1 25 20 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8
50 2 30 20 0.7 1.2 1.1 1.2
80 3 30 20 1.1 1.9 1.6 1.7
100 4 40 20 1.7 3.6 2.6 2.7
125 5 35 16 2.6 3.8 3.0 3.1
150 6 40 16 2.9 5.7 4.4 4.6
200 8 45 16 5.2 9.2 7.1 7.3
250 10 50 16 7.2 13.8 10.6 11.5
300 12 60 16 11.4 22.7 16.3 17.8
350 14 65 16 16.4 30.8 22.7 24.5
400 16 70 16 22.6 40.7 30.5 32.7
Note: Other drillings are available. Please consult Ameron.
Couplings Filament-wound standard Quick-Lock ttings with integral Quick-Lock adhesive
bonding socket ends.
Nominal Laying Overall Outside Maximum Average

Pipe Length Length Diameter Working Weight
Size (LL) (OL) (OD) Pressure
[mm] [inch] [mm] [mm] [mm] [bar] [kg]
25 1 10 64 42 20 0.1
40 1 10 74 57 20 0.1
50 2 10 102 72 20 0.3
80 3 10 102 100 20 0.4
100 4 10 102 129 20 0.6
125 5 10 124 156 16 0.8
150 6 10 124 183 16 1.0
200 8 10 137 235 16 1.7
250 10 10 150 289 16 2.3
300 12 10 163 340 16 2.8
350 14 19 196 373 16 4.6
400 16 19 223 430 16 7.2
Nipples Filament-wound standard Quick-Lock ttings with Quick-Lock adhesive bonding spigot
ends.
Nominal Laying Gap* Maximum Average

Pipe Length Working Weight
Size (LL) Pressure
25 1 57 3 20 0.1
40 1 67 3 20 0.1
50 2 95 3 20 0.1
80 3 95 3 20 0.2
100 4 95 3 20 0.3
125 5 117 3 16 0.4
150 6 118 3 16 0.5
200 8 130 3 16 0.7
250 10 143 3 16 1.0
300 12 156 3 16 1.3
350 14 184 3 16 3.1
400 16 210 3 16 4.4
* Remaining gap after bonding.
Support Saddles Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe saddles for wear,
support and anchor.
Nominal Saddle Saddle Saddle Required Saddle Required

Pipe Angle Thickn. Weight Adhesive Weight Adhesive
Size ts 100mm # Kits 150mm # Kits
[mm] [inch] [degree] [mm] [kg] [3 and 6Oz] [kg] [3 and 6Oz]
25 1 180 14 0.2 1 - 0.3 1 -
40 1 180 14 0.3 1 - 0.5 1 -
50 2 180 14 0.4 1 - 0.6 1 -
80 3 180 14 0.5 1 - 0.8 - 1
100 4 180 14 0.7 1 - 1.1 - 1
125 5 180 14 0.8 - 1 1.2 - 1
150 6 180 14 0.9 - 1 1.4 1 1
200 8 180 14 1.1 - 1 1.7 1 1
250 10 180 14 1.5 1 1 2.3 - 2
300 12 180 14 1.8 1 1 2.7 1 2
350 14 180 14 2.0 1 1 3.0 1 2
400 16 180 14 2.4 - 2 3.6 - 3
Notes:
* Filament-wound support saddles are intended for protection of pipe at supports and clamps,
as well as for anchoring purposes. Support and anchor saddles are standard 180.
Saddles are supplied in standard lengths of 100 mm and 150 mm.
** For special saddle -lengths, -thickness and/or angles consult Ameron.
# Wear saddles are standard 90. 90 saddle weights are 50% of value shown.
Grounding Saddles Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe saddles for grounding.
Nominal Saddle Saddle Saddle Average Required

Pipe Angle Length Thickness Saddle Adhesive
Size B ts Weight Kits
[mm] [inch] [angle] [mm] [mm] [kg] [3Oz]
25 1 90 76 14 0.1 1
50 2 90 76 14 0.1 1
40 1 90 76 14 0.1 1
80 3 90 76 14 0.2 1
100 4 90 76 14 0.2 1
125 5 90 76 14 0.3 1
150 6 90 76 14 0.3 1
200 8 45 76 14 0.2 1
250 10 45 76 14 0.2 1
300 12 45 76 14 0.3 1
350 14 45 76 14 0.3 1
400 16 45 76 14 0.3 1
Notes:
* Grounding saddles are used in conductive piping systems.
** Bondstrand conductive adhesive should be used for mounting.
*** Saddles are supplied with integrated stainless steel cable with a length of 600 mm.
Adhesives Number of Adhesive Kits per joint.
Nominal Required Minimum number

Pipe Adhesive Kit of Adhesive Kits
Size Size required per joint
[mm] [inch] [cm3] [Oz] nr.
25 1 89 3 1/5
40 1 89 3 1/5
50 2 89 3 1/4
80 3 89 3 1/3
100 4 89 3 1/2
125 5 89 3 1
150 6 89 3 1
200 8 89 3 1
250 10 177 6 1
300 12 177 6 1
350 14 177 6 2
400 16 177 6 2
Notes:
* Adhesive Kits should never be split. If remainder is not used for other joints made at the same time, the
surplus must be discarded.
** Required adhesive for saddles is shown in the dimension table of the respective saddles.
*** For type of adhesive to be used, please refer to the Bondstrand Corrosion Guide.
Engineering Design & Consult de following literature for recommendations pertaining design, installation and
Installation use of Bondstrand pipe, ttings and anges:
Assembly Instructions for Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints FP 170

Bondstrand Corrosion Guide for berglass pipe and tubing FP 132
Assembly Instructions for Bondstrand berglass anges FP 196
Guide for Installing Suspended Pipe FP 679
Guide for Installing Buried Pipe FP 278
Bondstrand Engineering Guide for Suspended Pipe FP 288
Bondstrand M74 Pipe Shaver FP 696
Bondstrand B-1 Pipe preparation tool FP 810
Please consult Ameron for the latest version of the above mentioned literature.
Specials Note: Elbows with non-standard angles, non-standard drilled anges, multi branch tees
and special spools are available on request, please consult Ameron.
Field Testing Pipe system is designed for eld testing with water at 150% of rated pressure.
Surge Pressure Maximum allowable surge pressure is max. 150% of rated pressure.
Conversions 1 psi = 6895 Pa = 0.07031 kg/cm2

1 bar = 105Pa = 14.5 psi = 1.02 kg/cm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 = 145 psi = 10.2 kg/cm2
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 Btu.in/ft2hF = 0.1442 W/mK
C = 5/9 (F-32)
Important Notice This product literature and the recommendations for usage it contains are based on test data
reasonably believed to be reliable. It is intended that this literature be used by personnel
having specialised training in accordance with currently acceptable industry practice and
normal operating conditions. Variation in environment, changes in operating procedures, or
extrapolation of data may cause unsatisfactory results. We recommend that your engineers
verify the suitability of this product for your intended application. Since we have no control
over the conditions of service, we expressly disclaim responsibility for the results obtained
or for any consequential or incidental damages of any kind incurred.
Ameron reserves the right to change product specications and/or related information
without prior notice.
Group Headquarters
Ameron International Corporation - Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Division
9720 Cypresswood Drive, Suite 325 - Houston, Texas 77070 - U.S.A.
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393
E-mail: marcom@ameronfpd.com
U.S.A. U.S.A. Europe Asia

Ameron International Corporation Centron International, Inc. Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd.
1004 Ameron Road P.O. Box 490 Fiberglass-Composite Pipe No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
P.O. Box 878 600 FM 1195 South P.O. Box 6 Jurong
Burkburnett, Texas 76364 Mineral Wells - Texas 76068 4190 CA Geldermalsen Singapore 639407
U.S.A. U.S.A. The Netherlands Phone: +65 6861 6118
Phone: +1 940 569 1471 Phone: +1 940 325 1341 Phone: +31 345 587 587 Fax: +65 6862 1302/6861 7834
Fax: +1 940 569 2764 Fax: +1 940 325 9681 Fax: +31 345 587 561 E-mail: info@ameron.com.sg
E-mail: info@centrongre.com E-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl
Series 3400 Fiberglass
Epoxy Pipe Systems
using Key-Lock mechanical joint or
Taper/Taper adhesive joint
Uses and applications Saltwater and seawater lines

Brackish water lines
Fire protection systems (Factory Mutual approved)
Potable water lines
Waste water and sewage systems
Drainage systems
Oil field reinjection systems
Crude oil transmission lines
Temporary pipelines
Electrical conduit
General industrial service for mildly corrosive liquids
Performance Laminate meets requirements of API Specification 15LR.

Pipe wall design using a 148 N/mm2 hydrostatic design basis (Procedure B.) with a 0.5
service factor. Liner thickness: 0.5 mm.
Maximum operating temperature : 93 C.
ASTM-D-2310 Classification: RTRP-11FX.
This system is designed to provide minimal 4:1 safety factor in accordance with ASTM-D-1599.
Description Pipe
Filament-wound fiberglass reinforced epoxy pipe with Key-Lock male and female mechanical joint or
Taper/Taper male and female adhesive joint.
Fittings
Standard filament-wound couplings, 45 and 90 Elbows, Tees and Reducing Tees, Concentric
Reducers, Flanges* and Nipples. Special fittings are available on request.
* Flanges are available with the following drillings : ANSI B16.5 Class 150 and 300, DIN, ISO & JIS.
Other drilling patterns are available on request.
For dimensional data and standard configurations for fittings, please refer to respective Fitting Guides.
Ameron 1990 FP452 C 01/95 Printed in Holland

Joining systems Key-Lock integral filament-wound male and female mechanical joint assembled with locking keys.
Hydrostatic seal by means of an elastomeric O-ring. Taper/Taper integral filament-wound male and
female adhesive bonded joint.
Pipe sizes From 50 - 150 mm. (2-6") : 6.1 m. random length.

From 200-600 mm. (8-24") : 6.1 or 12.2 m. random lengths.
From 700-1000 mm. (28-40"): 11.8 m. random length.
Physical properties Pipe property Units Value Method

Thermal conductivity W(mK) .33 Ameron
Thermal expansivity 10-6 mm/mm/C 18.0 Ameron
(lineair)
Flow coefficient Hazen-Williams 150 -
Absolute roughness 10-6 m 5.3 -
Density g/cm3 1.8 -
Mechanical properties Pipe property Units 21C 93C Method

Bi-axial
Ultimate hoop stress at weeping N/mm2 300 - ASTM D-1599
Circumferential
Hoop tensile strength N/mm2 300 - ASTM D-2290
Poisson's ratio axial/hoop - 0.50 0.65 Ameron
Longitudinal
Axial tensile strength N/mm2 65 50 ASTM D-2105
Axial tensile modulus N/mm2 10000 7800 ASTM D-2105
Poisson's ratio hoop/axial - 0.40 0.45 ASTM D-2105
Axial bending strength N/mm2 80 - Ameron
Beam
Static N/mm2 148* - ASTM D-2992
(Proc. B.)
Cyclic N/mm2 50* - ASTM D-2992
(Proc. A.)
* at 65C
Typical pipe dimensions Nominal Pipe lD Minimum total wall thickness* (mm.)
pipe size
(mm.) (in) (mm.) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 53.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.8
80 3 81.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 3.2 3.9
100 4 105.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.2 4.0 5.0
150 6 159.0 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.9 4.6 5.8 7.2
200 8 208.8 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.9 7.5 9.3
250 10 262.9 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.3 4.8 6.0 7.3 9.3 11.5
300 12 313.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 5.0 5.7 7.1 8.6 10.9 13.6
350 14 344.4 4.1 4.5 4.9 5.4 6.1 7.9 9.4 12.0
400 16 393.7 4.4 4.8 5.3 6.1 7.0 8.9 10.7 13.6
450 18 433.8 4.6 5.5 5.8 6.7 7.6 9.7 11.7 14.9
500 20 482.1 5.4 6.0 6.5 7.4 8.3 10.7 13.0 16.5
600 24 578.6 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.7 10.1 12.8 15.5
700 28 700.0 7.0 7.6 9.0 10.5
750 30 750.0 7.2 8.1 9.7 11.2
800 32 800.0 7.4 8.6 10.3 11.9
900 36 900.0 7.9 9.6 11.4 13.3
1000 40 1000.0 8.6 10.6 12.7 14.7
* Total wall thickness is including 0.5 mm. liner
Note: Pipe series designation: First two digits indicate product serie. Final two digits indicate
internal pressure class (bar).
2
External pressure Nominal Ultimate Collapse (bar) at 21 0C
performance Pipe size
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425*
50 2 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5
80 3 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 7.9
100 4 3.2 3.2 3.2 4.4 4.4 7.5
150 6 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.5 3.8 6.2
200 8 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.9 3.0 6.3
250 10 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.9 2.9 5.9
300 12 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.9 2.9 5.9
350 14 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.8 2.7 6.3
400 16 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.9 6.1
450 18 0.5 1.0 1.2 1.9 2.8 6.0
500 20 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.9 2.7 6.0
600 24 0.5 0.9 1.1 1.8 2.9 6.1
700 28 0.5 0.7 1.1 1.8
750 30 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.8
800 32 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.8
900 36 0.4 0.7 1.1 1.8
1000 40 0.3 0.7 1.2 1.8
Ultimate collapse pressures for higher pressure classes exceed values shown.

Pipe weight Nominal Minimum weight empty pipe kg/m
Pipe size
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8
80 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8
100 4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.4 3.0
150 6 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.4 4.1 5.3 6.6
200 8 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.6 5.9 7.0 9.0 11.3
250 10 5.0 5.0 5.3 6.3 7.0 8.9 10.9 14.1 17.6
300 12 6.7 7.1 7.4 8.7 10.0 12.6 15.4 19.7 24.9
350 14 7.8 8.6 9.4 10.4 11.8 15.4 18.5 23.9
400 16 9.5 10.5 11.6 13.4 15.5 19.9 24.1 31.0
450 18 11.0 13.3 14.0 16.3 18.6 23.9 29.1 37.4
500 20 14.4 16.1 17.5 20.0 22.6 29.4 35.9 46.1
600 24 19.3 22.6 24.3 28.4 33.1 42.3 51.5
700 28 27.3 29.8 35.4 41.5
750 30 30.1 34.0 41.0 47.5
800 32 33.0 38.6 46.4 53.9
900 36 39.7 48.5 57.9 67.8
1000 40 48.1 59.6 71.8 83.4
Note Excluding integral joints
3
Specific Tangential Nominal
2
Specific Tangential Initial Stiffness (STIS) in N/m at 21 C
Initial Stiffness Pipe size
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 73904 73904 73904 73904 73904 73904 73904 100279 150053
80 3 21044 21044 21044 21044 21044 24662 33061 68780 133985
100 4 10037 10037 10037 13691 13691 23396 33034 70381 145531
150 6 4042 5359 6113 7821 12117 19347 33491 70771 139379
200 8 3922 3922 4885 5991 9447 19797 33780 71958 139447
250 10 3028 3028 3667 6098 8787 18142 33793 71634 136566
300 12 2599 3079 3615 5963 9141 18446 33623 69663 135802
350 14 2334 3191 4232 5820 8636 19622 33704 71129
400 16 1990 2659 3684 5816 9033 19221 33956 70406
450 18 1730 3119 3707 5899 8804 18884 33613 69922
500 20 2148 3026 3916 5923 8509 18752 34034 69879
600 24 1760 2891 3601 5753 9166 19016 34020
700 28 1642 2134 3641 5891
750 30 1463 2128 3752 5867
800 32 1318 2123 3737 5847
900 36 1144 2115 3612 5814
1000 40 1094 2108 3692 5787
Stiffness Factor Nominal Stiffness Factor (SF) per ASTM D-2412 in in./lbs at 21 C
Pipe size
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 149 227
80 3 109 109 109 109 109 128 173 367 733
100 4 109 109 109 149 149 258 367 800 1700
150 6 149 199 227 292 455 733 1286 2778 5612
200 8 328 328 410 504 800 1700 2938 6400 12715
250 10 504 504 611 1024 1484 3104 5867 12715 24835
300 12 733 871 1024 1700 2624 5364 9916 20989 41947
350 14 871 1194 1589 2195 3277 7561 13154 28378
400 16 1107 1484 2064 3277 5124 11059 19801 41947
450 18 1286 2332 2778 4447 6678 14529 26214 55715
500 20 2195 3104 4030 6130 8855 19801 36443 76426
600 24 3104 5124 6400 10288 16508 34721 62973
700 28 5124 6678 11459 18659 27644
750 30 5612 8191 14529 22858 33881
800 32 6130 9916 17561 27644 41947
900 36 7561 14061 24164 39130 58069
1000 40 9916 19224 33881 53425 80806
Pipe Stiffness Nominal Pipe Stiffness (PS) per ASTM D-2412 in psi at 21 C
Pipe size
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 575.4 575.4 575.4 575.4 575.4 575.4 575.4 780.7 1168.2
80 3 163.8 163.8 163.8 163.8 163.8 192.0 257.4 535.5 1043.1
100 4 78.1 78.1 78.1 106.6 106.6 182.1 257.2 547.9 1133.0
150 6 31.5 41.7 47.6 60.9 94.3 150.6 260.7 551.0 1085.1
200 8 30.5 30.5 38.0 46.6 73.5 154.1 263.0 560.2 1085.6
250 10 23.6 23.6 28.5 47.5 68.4 141.2 263.1 557.7 1063.2
300 12 20.2 24.0 28.1 46.4 71.2 143.6 261.8 542:3 1057.3
350 14 18.2 24.8 32.9 45.3 67.2 152.8 262.4 553.8
400 16 15.5 20.7 28.7 45.3 70.3 149.6 264.4 548.1
450 18 13.5 24.3 28.9 45.9 68.5 147.0 261.7 544.4
500 20 16.7 23.6 30.5 46.1 66.2 146.0 265.0 544.0
600 24 13.7 22.5 28.0 44.8 71.4 148.0 264.9
700 28 12.8 16.6 28.3 45.9
750 30 11.4 16.6 29.2 45.7
800 32 10.3 16.5 29.1 45.5
900 36 8.9 16.5 28.1 45.3
1000 40 8.5 16.4 28.7 45.1
4
Span lengths Nominal Partial span recommendations* (in meters) for horizontal support
Pipe size arrangements at21 C
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3
80 3 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.1
100 4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.7
150 6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.7
200 8 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.6 5.8 6.2 6.5
250 10 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.2 6.5 6.9 7.3
300 12 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.5 6.8 7.1 7.6 7.9
350 14 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.5 6.7 7.2 7.5 7.9
400 16 6.4 6.6 6.7 7.0 7.2 7.7 8.0 8.5
450 18 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.9
500 20 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.5 8.9 9.4
600 24 7.7 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.8 9.3 9.7
700 28 8.4 8.6 8.9 9.3
750 30 8.6 8.9 9.3 9.6
800 32 8.8 9.2 9.6 9.9
900 36 9.2 9.7 10.1 10.5
1000 40 9.7 10.2 10.7 11.1
'Note: For continuous span use of above values : plus 20%.

For simple span use of above values: minus 20%.
1) Span recommendations are based on pipes tilled with water with a specific gravity of 1000kg/rn3
and include no provision for weights caused by valves, flanges or other heavy objects.
2) Span recommendations are calculated for a maximum long time deflection of 13 mm to ensure
good appearance and adequate drainage.
Bending radius Nominal Minimum allowable bending radius(Rb) in m. at 21 C and

Pipe size standard pressure rating
(mm.) (in) 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
50 2 8 8 9 9 11 12 17 21 27
80 3 14 15 16 18 23 31 50 46 46
100 4 20 22 26 27 38 42 63 56 53
150 6 38 41 48 53 62 74 92 84 83
200 8 50 62 72 83 101 94 119 107 108
250 10 69 91 113 103 138 129 149 135 139
300 12 87 108 136 125 157 151 178 166 166
350 14 101 115 131 139 183 156 195 177
400 16 126 149 167 159 199 181 220 205
450 18 151 147 183 173 225 203 246 227
500 20 147 167 194 192 260 227 268 252
600 24 199 206 250 235 286 269 322
700 28 281 320 299 279
750 30 318 344 312 300
800 32 358 367 334 321
900 36 445 415 387 362
1000 40 520 462 421 404
Note: Do not bend pipe until adhesive has cured. At rated pressure, sharper bends may create
excessive stress concentrations.
Field testing Pipe system is designed for field testing with water at 150% of rated pressure.
Surge pressure Maximum allowable surge pressure is 150% of rated pressure.
5
1 bar = 105Pa = 14.5 psi = 1.02 kg/cm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 = 145 psi = 10.2 kg/cm2
1 inch = 25.4 mm.
1 Btuin/(hft2 F) = 0.1442 W/(mK).
C = 5/9 (F-32).
Important notice This product literature and the recommendations for usage it contains are based on test data
reasonably believed to be reliable. It is intended that this literature be used by personnel having
specialised training in accordance with currently accepted industry practice and normal operating
conditions. Variation in environment, changes in operating procedures, or extrapolation of data may
cause unsatisfactory results. We recommend that your engineers verify the suitability of this product for
your intended application. Since we have no control over the conditions of service, we expressly
disclaim responsibility for the results obtained or for any consequential or incidental damages of any
kind incurred.
Group Headquarters
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

Taper/Taper joint
Fittings & Flanges for
pipe series 2410 and 3410
using the Taper/Taper adhesive-bonded joint
Description Bondstrand Taper-Taper fittings & flanges are glassfiber reinforced filament-wound epoxy
pipe fittings in diameters 50 through 1000 mm (2-40 inch) designed to be used with
Bondstrand pipes. Pipe is standard with integral Taper-Taper spigot and socket ends for
adhesive bonding or with integral Key-Lock male and female ends for mechanical joining.
Fittings are filament-wound with integral taper socket ends. Pipes and fittings are
available in several pressure classes from 10 bar upwards.
Uses and Application For intended services and performance capabilities refer to product data sheet FP 452 and
FP 158 pertaining to Bondstrand Series 2400 and 3400 pipe data.
Design and Installation For recommendations pertaining to design, installation and use of Bondstrand Pipe,
Fittings and Flanges reference is made to the following literature:
FP 564 Assembly Instructions for Taper-Taper adhesive bonded joints.

FP 161 Installation Instructions using the Key-Lock mechanical joint.
FP 453 M86 Pipe Shaver operating instructions for Taper-Taper joints in sizes
50 to 150 mm (2-6 inch).
150 to 400 mm (6-16 inch).
FP 455 M87XL Pipe Shaver operating instructions for Taper-Taper joints in
sizes 400 to 600 mm (16-24 inch).
600 to 1000 mm (24-40 inch).
FP 196 Flange Assembly Instructions.
FP 132 Corrosion Guide.
General Bondstrand engineering and installation guides.
How to use this product Dimensional data for Taper-Taper adhesive bonded fittings are contained in individual
data sheet dimensional sheets per pressure class:
FP No. Fitting Pipe System Pressure

549-10 T-10 2410 and 3410 10 bar
549-12 T-12 2412 and 3412 12 bar
549-14 T-14 2414 and 3414 14 bar
549-16 T-16 2416 and 3416 16 bar
549-20 T-20 2420 and 3420 20 bar
549-25 T-25 2425 and 3425 25 bar
549-32 T-32 2432 and 3432 32 bar
549-40 T-40 2440 and 3440 40 bar
549-50 T-50 2450 and 3450 50 bar
Ameron 1998 FP657-10 (8/98). Printed in The Netherlands. Page1 of 12.

Dimensions of the Nominal Pipe Size Taper Insertion Spigot Spigot
Taper-Taper joint Angle Depth Nose Diameter
Thickness at Nose
Ds t
mm inch degrees mm mm mm
50 2 1.75 50 1.0 55.2
80 3 1.75 50 1.0 83.8
100 4 1.75 50 1.0 107.2
150 6 2.50 50 1.0 161.0
200 8 2.50 80 1.0 210.8
250 10 2.50 80 1.0 264.9
300 12 2.50 80 1.0 315.7
350 14 2.50 80 1.5 347.4
400 16 2.50 110 1.5 396.7
450 18 2.50 110 1.5 436.8
500 20 2.50 110 2.0 486.1
600 24 2.50 110 2.0 582.6
700 28 1.75 140 4.0 708.0
750 30 1.75 140 4.0 758.0
800 32 1.75 170 4.0 808.0
900 36 1.75 200 4.0 908.0
1000 40 1.75 200 4.5 1009.0
Quantity of Adhesive Nominal Adhesive Minimum number of

Pipe Size Kit Size adhesive kits per joint
fluid
mm inch cm3 ounce nr.
50 2 89 3 0.2
80 3 89 3 0.2
100 4 89 3 0.4
150 6 89 3 0.4
200 8 89 3 0.6
250 10 177 6 1.0
300 12 177 6 1.0
350 14 177 6 1.0
400 16 177 6 2.0
450 18 177 6 2.0
500 20 177 6 2.0
600 24 177 6 2.0
700 28 177 6 4.0
750 30 177 6 4.0
800 32 177 6 5.0
900 36 177 6 6.0
1000 40 177 6 7.0
Note:
Adhesive kits should never be split. If remainder is not used for other joints made at the
same time, the surplus must be discarded.
FP657-10 (8/98). Fittings & Flanges for 2410/3410. Page 2 of 12.

Elbows 90 Filament-wound 90 elbows with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Insertion Weight
Length Length Depth
L OL Ds
mm inch mm mm mm kg
50 2 87 137 50 0.6
80 3 126 176 50 1.1
100 4 155 205 50 2.1
150 6 240 290 50 4.2
200 8 315 395 80 8.6
250 10 391 471 80 14.2
300 12 463 543 80 21.0
350 14 364 444 80 30.0
400 16 402 512 110 35.0
450 18 472 582 110 49.0
500 20 523 633 110 72.0
600 24 625 735 110 112.0
700 28 726 866 140 123.0
750 30 777 917 140 196.0
800 32 828 998 170 252.0
900 36 929 1129 200 348.0
1000 40 1031 1231 200 480.0
Elbows 45 Filament-wound 45 elbows with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Length Length Depth
L OL Ds
mm inch mm mm mm kg
50 2 45 95 50 0.5
80 3 61 111 50 0.9
100 4 73 123 50 1.3
150 6 106 156 50 2.5
200 8 137 217 80 6.9
250 10 169 249 80 9.8
300 12 196 276 80 18.1
350 14 125 205 80 19.1
400 16 142 252 110 21.0
450 18 204 314 110 31.0
500 20 225 335 110 42.0
600 24 268 378 110 63.0
700 28 310 450 140 90.0
750 30 331 471 140 107.0
800 32 352 522 170 139.0
900 36 394 594 200 193.0
1000 40 436 636 200 257.0

Elbows 221/2 Filament-wound 221/2 elbows with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Length Length Depth
L OL Ds
mm inch mm mm mm kg
50 2 29 79 50 0.4
80 3 37 87 50 0.6
100 4 43 93 50 0.9
150 6 60 110 50 1.4
200 8 76 156 80 4.6
250 10 68 148 80 6.0
300 12 77 157 80 8.9
350 14 71 151 80 12.5
400 16 85 195 110 13.6
450 18 106 216 110 19.7
500 20 116 226 110 24.0
600 24 136 246 110 45.0
700 28 157 297 140 60.0
750 30 167 307 140 70.0
800 32 177 347 170 94.0
900 36 197 397 200 137.0
1000 40 217 417 200 153.0
Tees Filament-wound tees with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Laying Overall Insertion Weight
Length Length Length Length Depth
total total branch branch
run run
L1 OL1 L2 OL2 Ds
mm inch mm mm mm mm mm kg
50 2 148 248 74 124 50 1.3
80 3 192 292 96 146 50 2.9
100 4 230 330 115 165 50 4.0
150 6 306 406 153 203 50 8.7
200 8 376 536 188 268 80 17.5
250 10 452 612 226 306 80 25.0
300 12 528 688 264 344 80 44.0
350 14 544 704 272 352 80 47.0
400 16 590 810 295 405 110 56.0
450 18 678 898 339 449 110 67.0
500 20 740 960 370 480 110 99.0
600 24 868 1088 434 544 110 130.0
700 28 994 1274 497 637 140 240.0
750 30 1046 1326 523 663 140 285.0
800 32 1118 1458 559 729 170 363.0
900 36 1248 1648 624 824 200 518.0
1000 40 1382 1782 691 891 200 683.0

Lateral 45 Filament-wound 45 lateral with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
L1 OL1 L2 OL2 Ds
50 2 74 124 209 259 50 2.3
80 3 86 136 264 314 50 4.1
100 4 86 136 315 365 50 6.3
150 6 99 149 378 428 50 12.3
200 8 124 204 455 535 80 27.0
250 10 137 217 531 611 80 43.0
300 12 150 230 632 712 80 52.0
350 14 150 230 632 712 80 69.0
400 16 150 260 632 742 110 95.0
Cross Filament-wound cross with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
run run branch branch
L1 OL1 L2 OL2 Ds
50 2 148 248 74 124 50 1.9
80 3 192 292 96 146 50 3.3
100 4 230 330 115 165 50 5.7
150 6 306 406 153 203 50 13.2
200 8 376 536 188 268 80 21.0
250 10 452 612 226 306 80 37.0
300 12 528 688 264 344 80 58.0
350 14 544 704 272 352 80 68.0
400 16 590 810 295 405 110 105.0

Reducing Tees Filament-wound reducing tees with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Insertion Laying Overall Insertion Weight
Length Length Depth Length Length Depth
half half run branch branch branch
run x run x branch run run
L1 OL1 Ds1 L2 OL2 Ds2
mm inch mm mm mm mm mm mm kg
80x80x50 3x3x2 96 146 50 86 136 50 2.7
100x100x50 4x4x2 115 165 50 99 149 50 3.8
100x100x80 4x4x3 115 165 50 108 158 50 4.0
150x150x50 6x6x2 153 203 50 124 174 50 8.0
150x150x80 6x6x3 153 203 50 134 184 50 9.6
150x150x100 6x6x4 153 203 50 140 190 50 9.6
200x200x80 8x8x3 188 268 80 159 209 50 15.6
200x200x100 8x8x4 188 268 80 172 222 50 16.2
200x200x150 8x8x6 188 268 80 178 228 50 17.0
250x250x100 10x10x4 226 306 80 194 244 50 23.0
250x250x150 10x10x6 226 306 80 204 254 50 24.0
250x250x200 10x10x8 226 306 80 213 293 80 26.0
300x300x100 12x12x4 264 344 80 216 266 50 32.0
300x300x150 12x12x6 264 344 80 229 279 50 32.0
300x300x200 12x12x8 264 344 80 239 319 80 33.0
300x300x250 12x12x10 264 344 80 251 331 80 34.0
350x350x150 14x14x6 272 352 80 254 304 50 34.0
350x350x200 14x14x8 272 352 80 264 344 80 35.0
350x350x250 14x14x10 272 352 80 277 357 80 38.0
350x350x300 14x14x12 272 352 80 289 369 80 39.0
400x400x150 16x16x6 295 405 110 274 324 50 47.0
400x400x200 16x16x8 295 405 110 283 363 80 51.0
400x400x250 16x16x10 295 405 110 293 373 80 47.0
400x400x300 16x16x12 295 405 110 305 385 80 53.0
400x400x350 16x16x14 295 405 110 315 395 80 54.0
450x450x200 18x18x10 339 449 110 316 396 80 66.0
450x450x250 18x18x12 339 449 110 329 409 80 66.0
450x450x300 18x18x12 339 449 110 329 409 80 71.0
450x450x350 18x18x14 339 449 110 330 410 80 72.0
450x450x400 18x18x16 339 449 110 330 440 110 75.0
500x500x250 20x20x10 370 480 110 355 435 80 93.0
500x500x300 20x20x12 370 480 110 355 435 80 96.0
500x500x350 20x20x14 370 480 110 356 436 80 97.0
500x500x400 20x20x16 370 480 110 356 466 110 107.0
500x500x450 20x20x18 370 480 110 365 475 110 102.0
600x600x300 24x24x12 434 544 110 405 485 80 112.0
600x600x350 24x24x14 434 544 110 406 486 80 123.0
600x600x400 24x24x16 434 544 110 406 516 110 126.0
600x600x450 24x24x18 434 544 110 428 538 110 130.0
600x600x500 24x24x20 434 544 110 428 540 110 137.0

Reducing Tees (cont.) Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Insertion Laying Overall Insertion Weight
Length Length Depth Length Length Depth
half half run branch branch branch
run x run x branch run run
L1 OL1 Ds1 L2 OL2 Ds2
mm inch mm mm mm mm mm mm kg
700x700x350 28x28x14 497 637 140 475 555 80 202
700x700x400 28x28x16 497 637 140 483 593 110 207
700x700x450 28x28x18 497 637 140 483 593 110 209
700x700x500 28x28x20 497 637 140 491 601 110 212
700x700x600 28x28x24 497 637 140 491 601 110 217
750x750x400 30x30x16 523 663 140 501 611 110 245
750x750x450 30x30x18 523 663 140 509 619 110 247
750x750x500 30x30x20 523 663 140 509 619 110 250
750x750x600 30x30x24 523 663 140 517 627 110 256
750x750x700 30x30x28 523 663 140 517 657 140 268
800x800x400 32x32x16 559 729 170 537 647 110 303
800x800x450 32x32x18 559 729 170 537 647 110 306
800x800x500 32x32x20 559 729 170 545 655 110 309
800x800x600 32x32x24 559 729 170 545 655 110 315
800x800x700 32x32x28 559 729 170 553 693 140 329
800x800x750 32x32x30 559 729 170 553 693 140 332
900x900x450 36x36x18 624 824 200 603 713 110 427
900x900x500 36x36x20 624 824 200 603 713 110 430
900x900x600 36x36x24 624 824 200 611 721 110 437
900x900x700 36x36x28 624 824 200 611 751 140 452
900x900x750 36x36x30 624 824 200 618 758 140 458
900x900x800 36x36x32 624 824 200 618 788 170 468
1000x1000x500 40x40x20 691 891 200 669 779 110 570
1000x1000x600 40x40x24 691 891 200 669 779 110 578
1000x1000x700 40x40x28 691 891 200 677 817 140 596
1000x1000x750 40x40x30 691 891 200 677 817 140 601
1000x1000x800 40x40x32 691 891 200 685 855 170 614
1000x1000x900 40x40x36 691 891 200 685 885 200 632

Concentric Reducers Filament-wound concentric reducers with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded
socket ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Overall Insertion Weight
Length Length Length Depth
L OL Ds1 Ds2
mm inch mm mm mm mm kg
80x50 3x2 74 174 50 50 0.8
100x50 4x2 96 196 50 50 1.1
100x80 4x3 94 194 50 50 1.3
150x80 6x3 117 217 50 50 1.5
150x100 6x4 124 224 50 50 1.8
200x100 8x4 163 293 80 50 3.3
200x150 8x6 129 259 80 50 3.7
250x150 10x6 148 278 80 50 6.2
250x200 10x8 135 295 80 80 6.2
300x200 12x8 180 340 80 80 7.8
300x250 12x10 167 327 80 80 8.5
350x250 14x10 214 374 80 80 10.2
350x300 14x12 208 368 80 80 11.0
400x300 16x12 195 385 110 80 13.7
400x350 16x14 183 373 110 80 12.8
450x400 18x16 128 348 110 110 20.0
500x400 20x16 249 469 110 110 21.0
500x450 20x18 151 371 110 110 23.0
600x400 24x16 486 706 110 110 27.0
600x450 24x18 388 608 110 110 26.0
600x500 24x20 267 487 110 110 24.0
700x400 28x16 796 1046 140 110 62.0
700x450 28x18 698 948 140 110 60.0
700x500 28x20 577 827 140 110 58.0
700x600 28x24 340 590 140 110 52.0
750x400 30x16 915 1165 140 110 74.0
750x450 30x18 817 1067 140 110 73.0
750x500 30x20 696 946 140 110 70.0
750x600 30x24 459 709 140 110 64.0
750x700 30x28 149 429 140 140 58.0
800x400 32x16 1038 1318 170 110 94.0
800x450 32x18 940 1212 170 110 92.0
800x500 32x20 819 1099 170 110 90.0
800x600 32x24 582 862 170 110 83.0
800x700 32x28 272 582 170 140 77.0
800x750 32x30 153 463 170 140 72.0
900x450 36x18 1186 1496 200 110 133.0
900x500 36x20 1065 1375 200 110 130.0
900x600 36x24 828 1138 200 110 122.0
900x700 36x28 518 858 200 140 116.0
900x750 36x30 399 739 200 140 111.0
900x800 36x32 276 646 200 170 111.0
1000x500 40x20 1313 1623 200 110 173.0
1000x600 40x24 1076 1386 200 110 165.0
1000x700 40x28 766 1106 200 140 157.0
1000x750 40x30 647 987 200 140 152.0
1000x800 40x32 524 894 200 170 152.0
1000x900 40x36 278 678 200 200 146.0
Note: Eccentric Reducers are available on request.

Couplings Filament-wound couplings with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Insertion Outside Weight
Length Length Depth Diameter
L OL Ds OD
mm inch mm mm mm mm kg
50 2 70 170 50 70 0.4
80 3 70 170 50 100 0.7
100 4 70 170 50 124 0.9
150 6 70 170 50 180 1.5
200 8 70 230 80 230 2.5
250 10 70 230 80 286 3.4
300 12 70 230 80 339 4.5
350 14 70 230 80 370 4.8
400 16 70 290 110 419 6.4
450 18 70 290 110 460 7.3
500 20 70 290 110 524 14.4
600 24 70 290 110 606 9.8
700 28 70 350 140 734 16.3
750 30 70 350 140 783 16.6
800 32 70 410 170 840 27.0
900 36 70 470 200 937 29.0
1000 40 70 470 200 1038 33.0
Nipples Filament-wound pipe nipples with integral Taper-Taper adhesive bonded spigot ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying gap Insertion Weight
Length Depth
L Ds
mm inch mm mm mm kg
50 2 125 25 50 0.1
80 3 125 25 50 0.1
100 4 125 25 50 0.1
150 6 125 25 50 0.2
200 8 190 30 80 0.6
250 10 190 30 80 0.8
300 12 200 40 80 1.1
350 14 200 40 80 1.4
400 16 260 40 110 2.2
450 18 280 60 110 2.7
500 20 280 60 110 3.4
600 24 280 60 110 4.4
700 28 340 60 140 8.5
750 30 340 60 140 9.4
800 32 400 60 170 12.4
900 36 460 60 200 17.2
1000 40 460 60 200 21.0

Heavy-Duty Flanges Heavy-Duty filament-wound flanges with Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overal Insertion Weight
Length Length Depth
L D Ds 1) 2)
mm inch mm mm mm kg
50 2 5 55 50 1.5
80 3 5 55 50 2.2
100 4 5 55 50 2.9
150 6 5 55 50 3.7
200 8 6 56 50 5.5
250 10 6 86 80 10.6
300 12 6 86 80 15.3
350 14 6 86 80 18.7
400 16 6 86 80 23.0
450 18 6 86 80 24.0
500 20 6 116 110 38.0
600 24 6 116 110 49.0
700 28 6 146 140 67.0
750 30 6 146 140 73.0
800 32 6 176 170 117.0
Notes:
1) Bold insertion depth for subsequent flanges deviates from other fittings.
2) The weights shown are for ANSI B16.5 Class 150 drilled flanges. Weights for other
drilling classes may be different. For more detailed information reference is made to
the appropriate product data.
* Heavy Duty Flanges are standard available in drillings according to ANSI and ISO (DIN).
** Full-face elastomeric gaskets may be used, suitable for the service pressure, service
temperature and fluid. Shore A durometer hardness of 60 5 is recommended and a
thickness of 3 mm.
Compressed fibre gaskets, 3 mm thick, compatible with the pressure, temperature
and medium, may also be used. The mechanical properties should be in accordance
with DIN 3754 (IT 400) or equal.
*** For maximum bolt torque refer to the appropriate Bondstrand literature. Please be
aware that excessive torque may result in flange failure and, therefore a torque-
wrench is required.

Stub-end Flanges Filament-wound Stub-end flanges with Taper-Taper adhesive bonded socket ends
(Van Stone) and steel backing rings
Nominal Pipe Size Laying Overall Insertion Ring Weigth Weight
Length Length Depth to GRE steel
Face stub- ring
L OL Ds H end 1)
mm inch mm mm mm mm kg kg
50 2 15 65 50 10 0.2 1.8
80 3 15 65 50 10 0.5 3.2
100 4 15 65 50 12 0.8 4.2
150 6 15 65 50 13 1.3 5.2
200 8 15 95 80 20 2.6 8.5
250 10 15 95 80 16 3.1 13.5
300 12 15 95 80 18 3.9 23.0
350 14 15 95 80 19 3.8 32.0
400 16 20 130 110 21 6.9 42.0
450 18 20 130 110 24 11.4 40.0
500 20 20 130 110 23 12.3 51.0
600 24 20 130 110 28 13.0 86.0
700 28 20 160 140 29 17.8 100.0
750 30 20 160 140 32 19.7 117.0
800 32 20 190 170 33 24.0 154.0
900 36 20 220 200 36 30.0 197.0
1000 40 20 220 200 46 35.0 303.0
Notes:
1) The weight shown is for ANSI B16.5 Class 150 drilled flanges. Weights for other
drilling classes may be different. For more detailed information reference is made to
the appropriate product data.
* Stub-End Flange Rings are standard available in drillings according to ANSI and ISO
(DIN).
** Stub-End Flanges are available with and without O-ring groove in the face.
Up to 10 bar stub-ends without grooves can be used with flat elastomeric or
compressed fibre gaskets.
For pressures 12 bar and above suitable O-ring seals should be used, available on
request.
*** Make sure that the O-ring grooved stub-end is compatible with its counter flange,
e.g. use a stub-end without groove or another flat surface flange as counter flange.
**** Maximum bolt-torque for use with O-rings seals may be calculated based on
pressure, size and number of bolts. If using flat face gaskets (maximum pressure 10
bar) refer to the appropriate Bondstrand literature for hubbed flanges.

Key-lock Adapters Filament wound adapters and couplings with Key-lock ends.
& Couplings Nominal Pipe Qty Laying Overall Insertion Weight Laying Overall Weight
Size of Length Length Depth Length Length
Keys L OL Ds L OL
mm inch mm mm mm kg mm mm kg
adapter KLM x TBF coupling KLF x KLF
50 2 1 5 100 50 0.3 100 140 0.8
80 3 1 5 100 50 0.5 100 140 1.0
100 4 1 5 100 50 0.7 100 140 2.2
150 6 1 4 110 50 1.0 127 181 4.3
200 8 1 2 150 80 1.9 152 225 6.3
250 10 1 3 155 80 2.7 163 242 9.6
300 12 1 5 170 80 4.0 186 278 11.6
350 14 1 13 180 80 6.4 191 289 15.8
400 16 1 15 215 110 8.2 197 302 21.0
450 18 1 16 220 110 11.5 204 296 17.8
500 20 1 33 240 110 13.9 210 308 22.0
600 24 1 34 250 110 16.9 229 340 31.0
700 28 2 119 385 140 34.0 277 547 65.0
750 30 2 118 385 140 34.0 279 558 83.0
800 32 2 130 445 170 49.0 315 629 105.0
900 36 2 147 515 200 67.0 356 737 154.0
1000 40 2 122 475 200 68.0 330 724 103.0
Field Testing Pipe system is designed for field testing with water at 150% of rated pressure.
Surge Pressure Maximum allowable surge pressure is 150% of rated pressure.

1 bar = 105Pa = 14.5 psi = 1.02 kg/cm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 = 145 psi = 10.2 kg/cm2
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 Btu.in/ft2hF = 0.1442 W/mK
C = 5/9 (F-32)
Important Notice This product literature and the recommendations for usage it contains are based on test data
having specialised training in accordance with currently accepted industry practice and
normal operating conditions. Variation in environment, changes in operating procedures, or
extrapolation of data may cause unsatisfactory results. We recommend that your engineers
verify the suitability of this product for your intended application. Since we have no control
over the conditions of service, we expressly disclaim responsibility for the results obtained
or for any consequential or incidental damages of any kind incurred.
Fiberglass-Composite Fiberglass-Composite Fiberglass-Composite Fiberglass-Composite

Pipe Group Pipe Group Pipe Group Pipe Group
P.O. Box 801148 P.O. Box 878 Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd
Burkburnett, Texas 76364 P.O. Box 6 No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
Houston TX 77280
U.S.A. 4190 CA Geldermalsen Jurong
U.S.A. Phone: (+1) 940 569 1471 The Netherlands Singapore 639407
Phone: (+1) 713 690 7777 Fax: (+1) 940 569 2764 Phone: (+31) 345 587 587 Phone: (+65) 6861 6118
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Internet:www.ameron.com internet: www.ameron-fpg.nl internet: www.ameron.com.sg
email:marcom@ameronfpd.com email: info@ameron-fpg.nl email: info@ameron.com.sg
Bondstrand Assembly Instructions
for Quick-Lock adhesive bonded joints
1997 Ameron - FP 170 A 11/97 (formerly BA-20). Page 1 of 8 Printed in Holland.

T
o make the bell and spigot assembly of
Bondstrand pipe and fittings using Amerons
thermosetting adhesives, you need only follow
these step-by-step instructions. They show you how to cut
the pipe, prepare the ends, use the adhesive, stab the joint
and cure the adhesive to produce a strong and reliable
Quick-Lock joint.
1 To cut the pipe to length, measure the desired length

and scribe the pipe using a pipefitters wrap-around
(photo 1). Place the pipe in a vise, using 6 mm (1/4 inch)
photo 1 photo 2
thick rubber pad to protect pipe from damage. Cut pipe

with hacksaw, sabre saw, or abrasive wheel (photo 2).
Check the squareness of cut by inserting a pipe shaver
arbor flush in to the cut pipe. Pipe up to 100 mm (4 inches)
should be square to within 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). Larger
pipe should be square to within 3.2 mm (1/8 inch). Use a
disc grinder or file to correct squareness.
photo 3 photo 4
Danger: Avoid inhaling dust produced by cutting and grin-
ding operations. Provide adequate ventilation; wear-appro-
ved dust respirators.
photo 5
2 Shave the cut end of the pipe using the Bondstrand

pipe shaver (photo 4). Shaving can be done manually,
but a portable power drive is advisable for larger sizes and
Table 1. Shaved dimensions
Pipe Dia Max. Dia. Min.Dia. Spigot Length*
(mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in)

if shaving several sections. Measure the shaved pipe using
25 1 32.9 1.296 32.6 1.284 28.6-31 1.13-1.22
a Pi Taper (photo 5). See table 1 for shaving dimen-
40 1.5 47.8 1.882 47.5 1.870 33.4-36 1.32-1.42
sions.
50 2 59.6 2.346 59.2 2.331 49-52 1.93-2.05
80 3 88.0 3.465 87.6 3.449 49-52 1.93-2.05

Note 1: Instructions for adjusting and operating the pipe 100 4 112.9 4.445 112.5 4.429 49-52 1.93-2.05
shaver to prepare the correct spigot diameter and length are 125 5 139.5 3.543 139.9 3.553 59-62 2.32-2.44
provided with the shaver or may be obtained from your
150 6 166.6 6.559 166.2 6.543 59-62 2.32-2.44
local Ameron representative. For 25 and 40 mm (1-11/2)
200 8 217.5 8.563 217.1 8.547 65-68 2.60-2.68
diameters a compact pipe shaver is available from Ameron.
Note 2: Diameters 350 and 400 mm (14 and 16) of series 250 10 271.7 10.697 271.3 10.681 71-74 2.80-2.91
2000M and 7000M have a deviating internal diameter that 300 12 322.6 12.701 322.2 12.685 78-81 3.07-3.19
need different sized arbors. 350 14 354.2 13.945 353.8 13.929 89-93 3.50-3.66
400 16 404.5 15.925 404.1 15.910 103-106 4.06-4.17
* When correct spigot lengths are taken adjusted on the shaver, the length of
the shaved pipe end will be automatically within the min. and max. size as
described above.

3 All fittings, sockets, pipe ends (spigots) and pipe soc-
kets must be clean, dry and sanded within two hours of
assembly. Sanding should be accomplished using a 10-12
Table 2: Mark location for
checking spigot insertion
Nom. Dia Mark location for
checking spigot
mm (1/2 inch) drill motor, 1700-2000 rpm (photos 6-8) insertion in mm/in
and flapper type sander with a 40-60 grit aluminium oxide 25 1 52 2.05
abrasive, available from Ameron. After sanding, surfaces 40 1.5 57 2.24
to be bonded should show a dull fresh finish, not a polis- 50 2 71 2.80
80 3 71 2.80
hed look. Do not forget to lightly sand the edges of the
100 4 71 2.80
spigot. Clean and dry sanded surfaces are necessary for 125 5 82 3.23
photo 10
proper bonding. 150 6 82 3.23
Sockets with a 25 and 40 mm diameter must be sanded 200 8 89 3.50
with sandpaper with a 40-60 grit, since they are too small 250 10 95 3.74
300 12 101 3.98
for the flapper sander.
350 14 113 4.45
400 16 127 5.00
Danger: Avoid inhaling dust produced by sanding opera-
tions. Provide adequate ventilation; wear an approved dust
respirator. 4a Use table 2 to measure back from the spigot end of
each pipe to be joined (photo 10) and scribe a line
using a white grease pencil or soapstone. When the spigot
is bottomed in the socket, the scribed line will be 25 mm
(1 inch) from the end of the socket.
photo 6 photo 7 photo 11 photo 12
b Match mark the two mating pieces for proper align-

ment. Taking care to avoid contaminating mating sur-
faces, fit together loosely the two pieces to be joined
(photo 11). Using a white grease pencil or soapstone,
mark each piece in a common longitudinal line for subse-
quent realignment (photo 12).
photo 8 photo 9
Thoroughly wipe the sanded socket and spigot with a

clean, dry cloth, or use a duster brush to remove dust par-
ticles (photo 9). If surfaces are wet, warm with
5 Ameron offers several chemically resistant thermoset-
ting adhesives recommended for use in pipelines trans-
porting most fluids (for exceptions see Bondstrand
Bondstrand heating blanket until dry, then resand. Chemical Resistance Chart available from Ameron).
Protect the bonding surfaces from moisture during bad Because the acceptability for pipelines transporting food
weather with tenting over the working area. Do not touch or potable water depends on local laws and regulations,
the prepared surfaces with bare hands or any articles that contact your Bondstrand supplier for advice or assistance
would leave an oily film. before using adhesives in these services.

a Store adhesives at temperatures below 38C (100F)
and use before the expiration date stamped on the top
flap of the package. Do not use kit if either container
c Observe the following:
(1) Use soap and water to wash skin area with which
adhesive components have come in contact. Do not use
shows evidence of leakage. solvents on the skin.
(2) Use water-removable protective creams to avoid aller-
b Select the size of adhesive kit in accordance with

table 3.
gic reactions. Solvent-removable creams are not recom-
mended. Disposable polyethylene gloves can also be used
to avoid contact of Bondstrand adhesive with the hands.
Table 3: Determining adhesive quantities
Pipe Dia
(mm)
Kit Size
(cc)
Joints per Kit
d After the joint has been properly prepared (see steps
1 through 4) and it is ready to be bonded, add the con-
tents of the small container (hardener) to the large con-
25 1 89 5
tainer (resin) and stir thoroughly for at least one minute
40 1.5 89 5
and until no streaks are visible in the mixture (photos
50 2 89 4 13/14).
80 3 89 3 Immediately after mixing, apply the adhesive to the sur-
100 4 89 2 faces to be bonded as described below. If your epoxy
150 6 89 1
adhesive mixture has started to heat in the container, dis-
card and start a new one. Heating indicates that the mix-
200 8 89 1
ture has started to cure.
250 10 177 1
300 12 177 1
350 14 177 3
/4
400 16 177 1
/2
Be aware of the working time available to you after the

adhesive is mixed.
Working times at various temperatures are stated on the
adhesive package.
If the adhesive is not within the 21C (70F) and 38C
(100F) range, you will need to warm or cool it before
mixing. The adhesive will not mix and spread well below
21C and will set up too fast above 38C.
Caution: These adhesive resins and hardeners, separately or

combined, will cause skin and eye irritation. Avoid contact
with skin and eyes. Do not take internally. In case of con-
tact, wash skin with soap and water. For eyes, flush with
plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and get medical
attention. For industrial use only. Keep away from children.
photo 13 photo 14
6 With the spatula supplied in the adhesive kit, or a reus-

able steel spatula, apply a layer of adhesive approxi-
mately 0.8 mm (1/32 inch) thick to the surface of the
socket (photo 15).

photo 15 photo 16 photo 17 photo 18
Too much adhesive on the socket will result in a flow res-

triction inside the joint.
Apply adhesive liberally to the entire spigot surface and a
c Align flanges, tees and other fittings to the matchmarks
as you assemble the spigot and socket. Avoid having to
rotate the part while assembling. Then, for flanges, check
thin layer to the cut end of the pipe. Excess adhesive on rotational alignment of bolt holes and squareness of flan-
the spigot surface will be forced out when the socket and ge faces. Flanges with bolt holes more than 1.6 mm (1/16
spigot are joined. inch) out of rotational alignment, flanges more than 1.6
mm out of square across the flange face, or any angular
errors of more than 1/2 degree in the axial or rotational
alignment of spigot and socket joints are likely to intro-
duce subsequent assembly problems. If misaligned, pull
Correct joint apart, remove adhesive from the pipe stop area,
reapply adhesive as in step 6 and rejoin before adhesive
starts to set up.
Incorrect !
7a Without delay, insert the pipe slowly and without

rotation into the socket until the spigot end rests
firmly rests against the pipe stop (photo 17). For 150 mm
(6) pipe and larger, use a light strap winch to seat and
clamp the joint. Support the winch on a wooden bridge
photo 19
across the joint so the winch can be left snug while the
heating blanket cures the adhesive. Smaller pipe (25, 40,
50, 80 and 100 mm (1, 11/2, 2, 3 and 4) is joined by tapping
on a 50x100 mm (2 x 4) wooden block placed over the
pipe end to seat the spigot in to the socket.
d Check for proper seating. The scribed mark on the spi-
got (see step 4a) should now be 25 mm (1 inch) from
the end of the socket (photo 19).
b Fittings may be joined to pipe spigots by using one of

the two methods of Step 7a or a 1 kg rubber hammer
(Shore A Durometer 70-80) 60 to 75 mm (21/2-3) in dia-
e Clean up and remove excess adhesive from outside of
joint and from front, back and inside of flange. Flange
face must be clean and free of adhesive.
meter may be used to tap directly on Bondstrand fittings
for proper seating. It may be helpful or even necessary to
back up the outside radius of an elbow, tee, lateral, etc.
with a sandbag or similar shock absorber while tapping
pipe spigots into fittings.

8a Cure adhesive joints as follows: Place the thermo-
stat end of your Bondstrand heating blanket
against the assembled joint with the thermostat side
c Flange mounting requires a special wrap. Lay the blan-
ket flat with the thermostat down and, starting at the
thermostat end, roll up the blanket. Insert the rolled blan-
facing out from the joint. Wrap the remainder of the blanket into the pipe end the depth of the fresh joint, leaving
ket around the joint so that any overlap will cover the the cord and part of the blanket exposed as shown in the
thermostat. Tie the blanket in place with any nonconduc- sketch at the left. Fill the space inside the rolled blanket
ting tie. with fiberglass insulation or some other heat resistant
material to ensure that the blanket remains snugly against
the inside joint surface.
Blanket
d Apply alternating current (ac) at the voltage marked

on the heating blanket and mark the starting time on
the pipe. Make sure the blanket is operating and, in fact,
Pipe heats up.
Thermostat
9 Curing.
All adhesives are cured with and Ameron-approved
heating blanket. However, the proper cure time depends
on the choice of adhesive and the conditions of service.
Standard Wrap for Pipe
For a pipe-to-pipe and a pipe-to-flange connection, mini-
and Fitting Joints
mal curing time is 60 minutes. For a pipe-to-fitting joint
curing time is min. 90 minutes because wall thickness of
fittings is mostly thicker than pipe diameter. Also when
b It is always a good idea to insulate around the heating

blanket and to close the pipe ends. This is essential
when it is windy or when the air temperature is below
using pipe-to-pipe fittings with extra thick wall (such as
with series 2000M and 7000M) a curing time of min. 90
minutes is recommended.
15C (59F). Fiberglass insulation backed with aluminium
foil generally works well. Insulation should overlap the Tip: Preparations for other assemblies can be handled
blanket sides about 100 mm (4 inch) each way and be tied during this curing process.
down near the edges to trap the heat.
Heating Blanket
Pipe
Special Wrap for Flange Mounting
Caution: Joint must not be moved, vibrated, or otherwise

disturbed during cure of adhesive.

10 Check working of heating blanket regularly to ens-
ure the blanket is operating. When heating blanket
fails to operate correctly, e.g. by a temporary power loss,
IMPORTANT
This literature and the information and recommendations

the entire curing procedure should be repeated. it contains are based on data reasonably believed to be
reliable. However, such factors as variations in environ-
Recommended equipment for installing Bondstrand ment, application or installation, changes in operating
Pipe procedures, or extrapolation of data may cause different
(a) Pipe shaver and arbors (Ameron) results. Ameron makes no representation or warranty,
(b) Hacksaw, saber saw, or abrasive wheel express or implied, including warranties of merchantabili-
(c) Winch and straps, for 150 mm (6) and larger, ty or fitness for purpose, as to the accuracy, adequacy, or
Dayton No. 2Z096 completeness of the recommendations or information
(d) Pi Tape measuring tape contained herein. Ameron assumes no liability whatsoe-
(e) White grease pencil or soapstone ver in connection with this literature or the information or
(f) Rubber mallet, 2 lb. (Shore A Durometer 70-80) recommendations it contains.
60 to 75 mm (21/2-3) diameter
(g) Pipefitters wrap-around Written comments regarding this document are invited.
(h) Disc grinder or file (optional) Please write to the Engineering Manager,
(I) Heat blanker (Ameron) Ameron Fiberglass Pipe Group,
(j) Electric 6 mm (1/4 inch) drive drill motor, P.O. Box 6 - 4190 CA Geldermalsen,
1700-2000 rpm. the Netherlands.
(k) Level
(l) Flapper wheel sander or sandpaper (Ameron)
(m) Folding rule, 3 m (10 inch)
(n) Tape, 15 m (50 inch)
(o) Duster brush or clean rags
(p) Portable power drive, Ridgid No. 700 or
Amaz-O-Thred 181 D.
(q) Pipe vise (Pilot No. 20) and is 6 mm (1/4 inch) thick
elastomer pad.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
email:marcom@ameronfpd.com email: info@ameron-fpg.n email: info@ameron.com.sg

Bondstrand Installation
Taper/Taper joint
Assembly Instructions
for Bondstrand Taper / Taper
adhesive-bonded joints
Introduction
These instructions describe the assembly of the Bondstrand Taper / Taper adhesive-
bonded joint and show how to cut the pipe, prepare the pipe ends, mix and apply the
adhesive, make the joint and cure the adhesive.
They form complete assembly instructions together with the appropriate
Bondstrand Adhesive Product Data sheet
Bondstrand Pipe Shaver Instruction sheet
Bondstrand Heating Blanket Data sheet
pipe shaver heating blanket
To determine the appropriate adhesive, refer to the Bondstrand Chemical Resistance

Guide or consult Ameron.
Bondstrand adhesives should be stored at temperatures between 5C and 35C.

Adhesives should not be used after the expiry date stamped on the adhesive
package.
Ameron 1997 FP564 A (10/97). Printed in The Netherlands.

Cutting of pipe
determining length scribing the pipe
1. Determine the desired length.

a Scribe the pipe using a pipe fitters wrap-around.
b When holding the pipe in a vice, use rubber padding or similar to protect the pipe from
damage.
c Contaminated pipe surfaces should be cleaned prior to machining the pipe ends.
2. Cut the pipe.

a Use a hacksaw or an abrasive wheel.
b Ensure that cut ends remain within the tolerances as shown in table A.
c These tolerances can be checked by using e.g. the arbor of the shaver flush with the cut
end of the pipe.
Table A: Maximum tolerance on squareness of cut spigot end

Pipe Size Range A
(mm) (inch) (mm)
25 - 100 1-4 1.5
150 - 400 6 - 16 3.0
400 - 1000 16 - 40 5.0
d Various types of shavers are available for shaving the pipe ends, subject to the pipe size
(table B).
squareness tolerance
Table B: Available taper shavers

Pipe Size range Type
(mm) (inch)
50 - 150 2-6 M86
150 - 400 6 -16 M87
400 - 600 16 - 24 M87XL
600 -1000 24 - 40 M95
pipe shaving set
2
Shaving
3. Support and fix the pipe firmly.
a Prevent the pipe from being damaged.
supporting of pipe
4. Carefully insert the arbor into de pipe.

a Fix the arbor to the inside of the pipe by turning the central tensioning bolt clockwise.
5. Adjust the shaver to the required pipe size.

a Be sure to use the correct taper angle.
b Take care when shaving the first layer, because the pipewall may be not be equally thick
on all sides.
c For shaver information and operation instructions refer to the applicable Bondstrand
Pipe Shaver Operation Instructions.
insertion arbor with shaver
Table C: Shaving dimensions per pressure class

Pipe Size taper insert. nose spigot insert. nose spigot insert. nose spigot
angle depth thick. diam. depth thick. diam depth thick. diam
mm inch degr. mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
10 bar 12 bar 14 bar
50 2 13/4 50 1 55.2 50 1 55.2 50 1 55.2
80 3 13/4 50 1 83.8 50 1 83.8 50 1 83.8
100 4 13/4 50 1 107.2 50 1 107.2 50 1 107.2
150 6 21/2 50 1 161.0 50 1 161.0 50 1 161.0
200 8 21/2 80 1 210.8 80 1 210.8 80 1 210.8
250 10 21/2 80 1 264.9 80 1 264.9 110 1 264.9
300 12 21/2 80 1 315.7 80 1 315.7 140 1 315.7
taper joint
350 14 21/2 80 1.5 347.4 80 1.5 347.4 140 1.5 347.4
400 16 21/2 110 1.5 396.7 110 1.5 396.7 170 1.5 396.7
450 18 21/2 110 1.5 436.8 110 1.5 436.8 170 1.5 436.8
500 20 21/2 110 2 486.1 140 2 486.1 140 2 486.1
600 24 21/2 110 2 582.6 170 2 582.6 170 2 582.6
700 28 13/4 140 4 708 170 4 708 230 4 708
750 30 13/4 140 4 758 200 4 758 260 4 758
800 32 13/4 170 4 808 230 4 808 230 5.5 811
900 36 13/4 200 4 908 260 4 908 260 6 912
1000 40 13/4 200 4.5 1009 200/290 4.5 1009 290 6.5 1013

50 2 13/4 50 1 55.2 50 1 55.2 50 1 55.2
80 3 13/4 50 1 83.8 50 1 83.8 80 1 83.8
100 4 13/4 50 1 107.2 50 1 107.2 80 1 107.2
150 6 21/2 50 1 161.0 80 1 161.0 110 1 161.0
200 8 21/2 80 1 210.8 80 1 210.8 140 1 210.8
250 10 21/2 110 1 264.9 110 1 264.9 170 1.5 265.9
300 12 21/2 140 1 315.7 140 1 315.7 200 1.5 316.7
350 14 21/2 140 1.5 347.4 140 1.5 347.4 170 2 348.4
400 16 21/2 170 1.5 396.7 170 1.5 396.7 230 2.5 398.7
450 18 21/2 170 1.5 436.8 170 1.5 436.8 200 2.5 438.8
500 20 21/2 200 2 486.1 200 2 486.1 230 3 488.1
600 24 21/2 230 2.5 583.6 230 2.5 583.6 260 3.5 585.6
700 28 13/4 230 5.5 711 290 5.5 711 260/350 7 714
750 30 13/4 260 6 762 230/320 6 762 290/380 8 766
800 32 13/4 290 5.5 811 320 6.5 813 290/410 8.5 817
900 36 13/4 260/350 6 912 260/350 7.5 915
1000 40 13/4 230/320 8 1016
3
Pipe Size taper insert. nose spigot insert. nose spigot insert. nose spigot
angle depth thick. diam. depth thick. diam depth thick. diam
mm inch degr. mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
50 2 13/4 50 1 55.2 80 1 55.2 80 1 55.2
80 3 13/4 80 1 83.8 80 1 83.8 110 1.5 84.8
100 4 13/4 80 1 107.2 110 1.5 108.2 140 2 109.2
150 6 21/2 110 1 161.0 140 1.5 162.0 170 2 163.0
200 8 21/2 140 1 210.8 170 1.5 211.8 200 2.5 213.8
250 10 21/2 170 1.5 265.9 200 2.5 267.9 260 3 268.9
300 12 21/2 200 1.5 316.7 260 2.5 318.7 290 3.5 320.7
350 14 21/2 230 2 348.4 260 3 350.4 320 4 352.4
taper joint
400 16 21/2 230 2.5 398.7 290 3.5 400.7 290/380 4 401.7
450 18 21/2 260 2.5 438.8 320 4 441.8 350/440 4 441.8
500 20 21/2 290 3 488.1 290/380 4 490.1 380/500 4 490.1
600 24 21/2 350 3.5 585.6 380/470 4 586.6
Series 2000M / 7000M Series 2020

50 2 13/4 (50) (1) (55.2)
80 3 13/4 (50) (1) (83.8)
100 4 13/4 (50) (1) (107.2)
150 6 21/2 80 1 161.0
200 8 21/2 (140) (1) (210.8) 80 1 210.8
250 10 21/2 (170) (1.5) (265.9) 110 1 264.9
300 12 21/2 (200) (1.5) (316.7) 140 1 315.7
350 14 21/2 (170) (5.4) (348.4) 140 1.5 347.4
400 16 21/2 (230) (6.4) (398.7) 170 1.5 396.7
450 18 21/2 200 2.5 438.8 170 1.5 436.8
500 20 21/2 230 3 488.1 200 2 486.1
600 24 2.5 260 3.5 585.6 230 2.5 583.6
700 28 13/4 260 11.5 723.0
750 30 13/4 260 13 776.0
800 32 13/4 260 14 828.0
900 36 13/4 260 16.5 933.0
1000 40 13/4
Series 2000M / 7000M sizes up to 400 mm (16) and series 2020 sizes up to 100 mm (4) are with Quick-Lock joints.
Refer to Quick-Lock assembly guide.
Taper data for Quick-Lock sizes shown within (brackets) are only shown for Taper-Bonding reducing fittings, i.e. the
minor outlet of a reducer size 500 x 400 has a taper socket. In the minor outlet of those fittings a Taper to Quick-Lock
transition-adapter has to be bonded. This makes the minor outlet Quick-Lock (male).
In cases where 2 insertion depths are shown, such as 200/290, the first figure shows the insertion depth for pipe
series 3400 and the second for pipe series 2400.
4
6. Shave the taper spigot.
a Maximum shaving depth / feed is 2 mm.
b Repeat the shaving action until the required spigot diameter / spigot nose thickness is
achieved (table C).
c Due to possible tolerance spreading it is recommended to use a nominal sized dummy
bell end. This may avoid too long or too short assembly lengths. If the insertion depth in
the dummy is too small, the spigot end to be shaved has to be adjusted.
shaving to insertion tolerance
d Shaving the diameter of a taper spigot 1 mm smaller, with a taper angle of 2.5 will result
in 23 mm additional insertion in the socket. For a taper angle of 1.75 this is 33 mm.
Preparing for bonding

7. Sand all bonding surfaces.
a Thoroughly sand within 2 hours from assembly.
b Use flapper wheel sanders with a small drilling machine (1700 - 2000 rpm) or emery
cloth with a grid of 60.
c Bonding surfaces must be dry and clean before sanding. Refer to step 10.
d Sanded surfaces must have a dull, fresh finish, not a polished look.
sanding of spigot
sanding of socket
8. Dry fit and mark the joint.

a Check the assembly length and mark pipe and fitting for alignment of elbows, flanges,
etc.
alignment mark
b Measure back from the edge of the spigot the required insertion depth plus 50 mm and
scribe a line. After assembly by pulling the joint together the scribe on the pipe should be
50 mm from the end of the bell.
insertion mark
5
c During final assembly the spigot may slip approximately 5 mm further into the bell,
therefor the dry fitted assembly should be approximately 5 mm longer per joint.
position after assembly
9. Install the band clamps.

a Install the band clamps on both components keeping sufficient space for the winches
when pulling the joint together.
Normally 2 winches will suffice. If needed more winches can be used.
10. Dry the bonding surfaces.

a If the relative humidity is higher than 75% or if the bonding surfaces are wet they should
be dried.
b A hot air blower or Ameron heating blanket can be used.
use of winches
11. Pre-heat or cool down the bonding surfaces.
a It is recommended to keep the bonding surfaces between 15C and 40C.
b For warming up Ameron heating blankets can be used.
c If the sun will heat up the bonding surfaces to above 40C keep them in the shade if
possible.
12. Re-sand.
a If the sanded surfaces have been contaminated, or if initial sanding took place more
than 2 hours before assembling, the surfaces should be re-sanded.
13. Clean the sanded surfaces.

a Use a clean dry cloth or brush to remove sanding dust etc.
b Do not touch the sanded surfaces after sanding and cleaning.
cleaning of socket
6
Preparing the adhesive
14. Select the proper size adhesive kit.
a Table D shows the quantity of adhesive needed for one joint.
b More joints may be assembled at the same time.
c Make sure the adhesive is not expired. Refer to date stamp on the package.
d Never split a package, always prepare complete kits.
e Do not use damaged or leaking adhesive kits.
Table D: Adhesive kits per joint. (for 3 Oz kits multiply by 2; for 9 Oz kits multiply by 2/3)
SIZE 10 12 14 16 20 25 32 40 50
inch mm bar bar bar bar bar bar bar bar bar
2 50 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
3 80 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
4 100 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
6 150 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.5 1 1
8 200 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 1 1 1 2 2
10 250 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
12 300 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
14 350 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4
16 400 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5/6
18 450 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 5
20 500 2 3 3 3 3 4 5
24 600 2 4 3 4 5 5 7
28 700 4 4 6 6 7 6/8
30 750 4 5 7 7 6/8 7/9
32 800 5 6 6 8 8 8/11
36 900 6 8 8 8/10 8/10
40 1000 7 7/9 10 8/10
In cases where 7/9 or 5/6 etc are shown the first figure is valid for Series 3400 and the
second for Series 2400.
15. Prepare the adhesive.

a Add the curing agent to the resin.
b Stir thoroughly until no streaks are visible and the mixture has an even colour (after 2 to 3
minutes).
Table E: Storage and usage of adhesive

Storing temperature 5 - 35C
Recommended mixing temperature 20 -35C
Bad processing at temperatures below 15C
Too fast curing at temperatures above 40C
Minimum curing temperature of adhesive 80C
c Make sure that before mixing the adhesive, all preparations have been done and all
parts to be bonded are ready for assembly, because mixed adhesive has a limited potlife
subject to the ambient temperature (table F).
d Apply the adhesive immediately after mixing.
Table F: Potlife of mixed adhesive in minutes

Temperature in C 20 25 30 35 40
Kit size
3 Oz/ 137 grams 45 40 35 30 25
6 Oz / 272 grams 40 35 30 25 20
e Never use adhesive that has started to cure. This is the case when the mixture gets
removing excessive adhesive clotted and toughens.
7
16. Apply a thin layer of adhesive
a Use a spatula or an adhesive scraper for applying the adhesive.
b All surfaces to be bonded (sanded areas) must be completely covered with adhesive,
approximately 0.5 mm in the bell and 1 mm on the spigot.
c A too thick layer of adhesive may result in flow restrictions.
applying adhesive
d Make sure that also sufficient adhesive is applied on the cylindrical end of the spigot that
will be covered by the bell.
adhesive surfaces
Assembling the adhesive bonding joint

17. Insert the spigot in the bell.
a When inserting the spigot pay attention to the marks and position and keep the joint
together. Letting the spigot slip back or turning the spigot after complete insertion may
result in a bad joint.
adhesive improper applied
b Hook the 2 winches in the band clamps and start pulling the joint further together in a
smooth movement until the joint is firmly fixed together and there is 50 mm between the
bell end and the mark. See step 8.
c It may be necessary to set a bridge (pieces of wood between winch cables and pipe
outside) to simplify placing of the heating blanket.
d Do not remove the winches until the adhesive has fully cured.
18. Remove excessive adhesive.

a For removing excessive adhesive, also from the inside if possible (flanges), a spatula
may be used.
use of winches
8
Curing of the adhesive
19. Apply the heating blanket.
a Wrap the required size Ameron heating blanket around the joint keeping the power
supply cable free from the blanket.
b Make sure the voltage is correct.
c The blanket should be applied as indicated in the appropriate Bondstrand Heating
Blanket Data sheet.
d The blanket should be tied down using heat resistant wire.
e Good blanket to pipe surface contact is essential for proper curing of the adhesive.
write starting time
f When the temperature is below 10C or the wind has a cooling effect, insulation material
should cover the heating blanket. Insulation material should overlap the sides of the
blanket with at least 100 mm and should match to the pipe. It should not cover the
thermostat.
g Open pipe ends should be closed during curing preventing cooling down by draught.
insulate heating blanket
9
20. Determine the curing time
a Curing time is mainly subject to the distance (= wallthickness) between blanket and
adhesive.
Table G: Curing time for taper pipe joints in hours

Series 3410 3412 3414 3416 3420 3425 3432 3440 3450
Pipe Size 2000M 2020
(mm) (inch) 7000M
50 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
80 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
150 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5
200 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2
250 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 3
300 12 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 3 4
350 14 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 3
400 16 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 3 4
450 18 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 4
500 20 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 4
600 24 1 1.5 1.5 2 2 4 4
700 28 1 1.5 2 3
750 30 1.5 1.5 2 3
800 32 1.5 2 2 3
900 36 1.5 2 3 4
1000 40 2 3 4 4
Table R: Curing time for taper fitting joints in hours

Series T10 T12 T14 T16 T20 T25 T32 T40 T50
Pipe Size 2000M 2020
(mm) (inch) 7000M
50 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
80 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5
150 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 3
200 8 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 3 4
250 10 1 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 4
300 12 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 4
350 14 1 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 4
400 16 1 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 4
450 18 1.5 1.5 2 2 3 4 4
500 20 1.5 1.5 2 3 4 4
600 24 1.5 2 3 4 4
700 28 2 3 4 4
750 30 2 3 4 4
800 32 2 4 4 4
900 36 3 4 4
1000 40 4 4
Notes: Joint surfaces should be preheated when the laminate thickness between heating
blanket and adhesive is 40 mm or more and the temperature is below 20C.
For series 2000M and 7000M sizes 1 to 16 inch (25 to 400 mm) and series 2020
sizes 1 to 4 inch (25 to 100 mm) refer to the Quick-Lock Assembly Instructions.
10
21. Activate the heating blanket.
a Apply electrical power to the heating blanket and check if it heats up.
b Write down on the pipe next to the heating blanket the starting time.
c During the time of curing the functioning of the heating blanket should be checked
regularly; if a cold heating blanket is found, remedy the problem and start the complete
curing cycle again.
d During curing the joint should not be moved, vibrated or otherwise disturbed.
Recommended tools
Ameron shaving tool(s)
Electrical power drive (available from Ameron)
Hacksaw, disc grinder or power jigsaw
Small electrical or air hand drilling machine (6 mm drive and 1700-2000 rpm)
Flapper wheel sanders (available from Ameron) and / or coarse emery cloth; grid 60.
Pairs of winches or come-alongs (available from Ameron).
Pairs of band clamps with puller rings (available from Ameron).
Measuring tape and / or folding rule.
Pi-tape with vernier division (available from Ameron)
Clean cloth or clean brush
Pipe fitters wrap around, level and white paint pencil.
Ameron heating blanket and eventual hot air blower.
Insulation blankets.
Pipe vice or stable supports (brackets) with pipe holding or clamping device with 6 mm
elastomeric pads.
Gloves, dustmasks and goggles
Tenting (subject to weather conditions).
Health and Safety

For health and safety data refer to appropriate Bondstrand Adhesive Product Data
sheet.
Wear at all time suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye protection. Dust masks
should be used during machining and sanding.
Use gloves when working with adhesive, the wet adhesive may cause irritation by skin
contact.
personal protection
11
Conversions
1 psi = 6895 Pa = 0.07031 kg/cm2
1 bar = 105 Pa = 14.5 psi = 1.02 kg/cm2
1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 = 145 psi = 10.2 kg/cm2
1 inch = 25.4 mm
1 Btu.in/(hft2F) = 0.1442 W/(mK).
C = 5/9 (F - 32)
Important notice
This product literature and the recommendations for usage it contains are based on test
data reasonably believed to be reliable. It is intended that this literature be used by
personnel having specialised training in accordance with currently accepted industry
practice and normal operating conditions. Variation in enviroment, changes in operating
procedures, or extrapolation of data may cause unsatisfactory results. We recommend that
your engineers verify the suitable of this product for your intended application. Since we
have no control over the conditions of service, we expressly disclaim responsibility for the
results obtained or for any consequential or incidental damages of any kind incurred.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Series 2400 and Series 3400
piping systems
using the Key-Lock mechanical joint
Introduction This guide provides recommendations for the installation of Bondstrand piping
systems using the Key-Lock mechanical joint. Many of the skills, techniques and
principles of steel pipe installation also apply to fiberglass piping. As you work with
Bondstrand fiberglass piping, you will find that it weighs much loss than steel and
that it is more flexible, but it must be handled more carefully than uncoated and
unlined carbon steel pipe. In addition, fiberglass pipe often needs protection against
abrasion at points of support.
To accommodate these characteristics of Bondstrand fiberglass piping, the following

installation recommendations should be followed. You are encouraged to contact
Ameron or your Bondstrand distributor for more help on specific problems or
questions.
Receiving piping Inventory and inspect all incoming shipments of Bondstrand pipe and fittings.
materials If the inventory does not exactly match the delivery receipt, recount the materials in
the presence of the truck driver Any discrepancy in the inventory and any obvious
shipping damage must be noted on the receipt. Insist that the receipt be signed by
the truck driver. If it is evident that materials have been lost or abused, damage
claims must be initiated before accepting the shipment. Under customary shipping
procedures, title and risk of loss pass to buyer upon delivery of material to carrier
Amerons Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale require that the buyer promptly
notify both seller and carrier of any damages or shortages.
Examine pipe and fittings carefully for shipping damage. In particular examine (a)
key and 0-ring grooves on pipe ends with damaged or missing end protection, and
(b) fittings received in damaged containers. Pads which are damaged or suspected
of being damaged should beset aside and reported as stated above
Unloading and handling Pipe, except when crated, is normally unloaded as single lengths or bundles. To
prevent damage to grooved pipe ends, do not drag or slide pipe in any way that
abrades or dislodges the end protection. Do not bump pipe or grooved pipe ends.
Pipe maybe moved either by hand or by lifting equipment using nonmetallic ropes or
straps. Single-point pickup is permissible for pipe 8 inches (200 mm) and larger in
diameter in 20-foot (6 m) lengths. Two-point pickup using a spreader bar is
recommended for all other sizes and lengths.
Caution: Do not throw or drop pipe or fittings. Bondstrand product packaging is not
designed to withstand dropping from a truck onto the ground. Do not use a forklift to
handle pipe unless forks are padded with carpeting or some other suitable material.
Liners can be damaged to the point of allowing leakage even though
the outside surface shows no signs of mishandling. Handle all material
carefully at all times.
' Ameron 1986 FP161 O 09/93 Printed in Holland

Storage Pipe or pipe bundles may be stored for extended periods in stacks up to four feet
(1.25 m) high. Pipe stacks must have side supports or blocks to prevent! them from
rolling or slipping. Pipe stored in stacks should be supported using bearing boards
and spacer boards as shown in Table 1 on a level surface'. free of rocks and other
hard or sharp objects. Bearing boards under the stack and spacer boards between
the pipe layers must ensure that bell and spigot ends remain round. not distorted by
stack loads. Bearing and spacer boards should be at least three inches (75 mm)
wide and cushioned with a suitable foamed plastic or other material. More supports
may be required for telescoped (nested) pipe. Contact Ameron or your Bondstrand
distributor for advice regarding this special case.
Table 1
Support Spacing for Pipe Storage
Pipe Pipe Support Distance
Length Diameter from End of Stack
(ft) (m) (in) (mm) (ft) (mm)
20 6.1 all sizes 4 1.2
30 9.1 all sizes 6 1.8
40* 12.2* 2-4 50-100 5 1.5
40 12.2 6+ 150+ 8 2.4
*Add third support in center of stack or 40-foot pipe in 2-4 inch sizes.
Fittings should be removed from cartons, closely inspected and stored on shelves,
preferably inside a warehouse Extended outdoor storage may impair the exterior
appearance of fittings but will not affect their physical strength. Outdoor storage of
cartons is not recommended since they are not weatherproof.
Caution: O-ring grooves on ends of stored pipe and fittings must be
protected from direct sun.
Locking keys and O-rings are often shipped to the jobsite in cartons with the
O-rings separately packaged. Locking keys and O-rings are to be stored indoors.
Adhesives must be stored indoors at temperatures below 100 F (38 C). Extended
storage at higher temperatures will degrade the catalyst and the resin and reduce
adhesive strength.
Each adhesive kit is stamped with an expiration date. In order to monitor the storage
life remaining and to rotate the stock so that older kits are used first, all kits should
be removed from shipping cartons and stacked upright so that the expiration dates
are visible.
Preparing for Pipe in trenches: Trench construction,. bedding preparation and backfill must
installation conform to the project plans and specifications. If no requirements are given, refer to
ASTM D3839 and the Ameron publication, "Guide for Installing Buried Pipe, for
basic guidelines.
This guide gives permissible bending radii which may be used for either horizontal or
vertical curvature of the trench bottom (that is, the pipeline). A small deflection at
Key-Lock joints is also permissible provided that pipe-to-trench support is
maintained. The angle between adjacent pipe at keyed joints must not exceed the
values in Table 2.
Once the trench has been prepared and the sand bedding brought to grade and
compacted. the pipe sections may be lowered into place. Remove enough sand from
the graded bottom at joint locations to maintain a working clearance while
assembling the joint. Additional clearance can be obtained by placing a temporary
wooden block support under the joint during assembly. Dig block out after assembly
without lifting pipe.
Table 2
Permissible Angular Deflection
at Key-Lock Joints
Nominal Pipe Size Maximum Joint Deflection
(in) (mm) Male x Female Coupling
2-16 50-400 1
18-24 450-600
2
Suspended pipe: Refer to the project plans and specifications for details and
locations of supports and anchors. The Ameron publication, "Bondstrand
Engineering Guide for Suspended Pipe," BEG-13, outlines general design principles
for suspended fiberglass piping systems including hanger detailing. The guide also
contains information on rates of expansion and contraction and on the design of
systems restrained against movement.
If span lengths are not shown on the plans, consult Ameron or your Bond-strand
representative for span recommendations at the operating temperature of the
system.
Bondstrand pipe should not be point supported. Place supports under pipe rather
than fittings. All shields and hangers in contact with the pipe should be free of burrs.
Provide abrasion protection for the pipe where it slides through fixed supports or
guides. Firm attachment of abrasion protection is necessary where movement is
possible between pipe and support.
Use a material compatible with service environment such as those listed below:
Bondstrand support saddles provide a clean, corrosion-free surface and act as

a stiffening saddle for the pipe. Support saddles are adhesive bonded to the pipe.
A half section of the same size pipe may be bonded to the line pipe to provide
light-duty abrasion protection for pipe eight inches (200 mm) and larger in diameter.
Elastomeric materials such as rubber, neoprene or even cut-up tire casings may
be held in place by pipe clamps or pipe insulation straps.
Fiberglass shields such as manufactured by Glas Mesh Co.*
Galvanized sheet metal may be banded to the pipe in environments where it is

expected to have a suitable service life. Recommended minimum metal gauge is
given in Table 3.
Important: Hangers and supports which clamp around saddles, shields or pads
must be sized properly and must be flexible enough to fit and grip without damage.
Check outside diameter of pipe in the appropriate Bondstrand product literature as
this varies with pressure class.
Table 3
Recommended Thickness
for Galvanized Sheet Metal Protective Wrappers
Pipe Size Thickness
(in) (mm) Gauge (in) (mm)
2-6 50-150 46 0.0598 1.5
8-16 200-400 10 0.1345 3.4
*A division of Rubco Products, Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380.
Lines which are emptied and filled during the cycle of operations may require
1
anchoring at changes in direction. Bondstrand pipe weighs approximately /6 as
much as Schedule 40 steel pipe, therefore, thrust generated at turns may move or lift
the line when it is filled rapidly.
3
It is sometimes advantageous to use restrained supports, especially in tunnels or
areas where space is restricted- In such cases, guides will be required at spacings
as indicated in the adjoining chart.
Figure 1 Guide spacing vs. temperature change for Key-Lock joined fiberglass
pipelines with blocked (restrained) ends. Solution shown assumes an initial
temperature of 60 F and a water-filled line.
Joint assembly Preparation of Key-Lock joining surfaces: When ready to join the pipe,
remove the end protection from the male pipe end. Loosen and remove dirt and
debris from the grooves using compressed air, a clean, dry rag or a paint brush.
Clean the grooves and sealing surface of the female end or coupling. Sand oft any
projections or rough edges on the entry ramps which compress the O-ring during
insertion.
Now brush or rub a layer of Ameron lubricant into the O-ring groove of the male end
and all inside surfaces of the female end or coupling. Apply lubricant only when
you are ready to complete the joint. Keep lubricated surfaces clean and free of
sand and dirt as contamination is likely to interfere with joining and sealing. Proper
lubrication of the O-ring and joint surfaces is important to avoid cutting the O-ring or
rolling it out of place during assembly.
O-ring placement: Lubricate entire surface of the O-ring and slip it into the first
groove on the male end. Distribute the O-ring evenly in the groove by slipping a
screwdriver under it and sliding the screwdriver around the joint. As an alternative for
distributing the O-ring in pipe in sizes through 16 inches (400 mm), uses screwdriver
to lift the lubricated O-ring at top center a distance of about 20 percent of the pipe
diameter and let it snap back into the groove.
Do not gouge or abrade the O-ring. A sound O-ring is the key to a watertight
joint.
Pipe spigot insertion: Place the band clamps on either side of the joint. Rotate the
new pipe so its keyhole(s) are in proper position for driving the key(s) for the next
joint.
4
End protection (supplied by Ameron
should be removed just prior to assembly
to keep joining surfaces and grooves
clean.
Lubricate inside of female end and lock-

ing key groove with ample amounts
of lubricant (available on order from
Ameron). Note that the pipe already
in place has been properly rotated so
that the key-hole of the next joint
is conveniently positioned.
The male end of the pipe going in

should also be generously lubricated.
Again, make sure that the keyway is
well lubricated.
5
After coating the 0-ring (supplied by
Ameron) with lubricant, mount it in the
endmost groove in the male pipe end
Insert a screwdriver under the mounted
O-ring and run it around the pipe to
distribute the O-ring in the groove
Mount the band clamps (available on

order from Ameron) a convenient dis-
tance on each side of the joint, making
certain that the pipe going in is properly
positioned to allow access to the keyhole
of the following joint.
Align the pipe for a straight concentric

entry Proper alignment is essential for
joining ease.
6
Tighten the come-a-longs (provided by
user) on both sides so that the O-ring
enters smoothly without being pushed
out of its groove
Insert the male end until the scribe line is

about inch (6mm) from the leading
edge of the female end or coupling.
Lubricate the locking key (supplied by

Ameron) before insertion. Depending on
the project requirements, metallic or
plastic locking keys may be used.
7
Place lubricated locking key into the
keyhole and slowly close the joint until the
key will slip easily into the keyway
Check the pipe alignment.
Drive the locking key only until you can

see its leading end through the keyhole. If
the key is driven in too far, it may bind,
making later removal difficult or
impossible
Thanks to the reusability of the Key-Lock

mechanical joint, this slurry water pipeline
can be readily extended or relocated as
required at some future time.
8
Align the male end against the female end or coupling already in place for a straight
concentric entry. Proper alignment is essential for joining. Deflect the joint to conform
to the actual horizontal and vertical alignment of the trench only after the joint is fully
assembled in the straight position.
An Ameron joint puller is recommended for joint assembly. Connect the ratchet
winches to pulling rings attached to the band clamps on either side of the pipe and
ease the joint together It is often convenient to place one band clamp just behind the
female end or coupling and the other about 4.5 feet (1.5 m) from the male end.
Tighten the winches evenly on both sides so that the 0-ring enters smoothly and
without being pushed or rolled out of its groove Insert the male end until the scribed
line is about inch (6 mm) from the leading edge of the female end or coupling. To
reduce slippage you may elect to use rubber pads under the band clamps.
Straightness of entry adds significantly to the ease of assembly. Sight

along the pipe and carefully observe concentricity and uniformity of entry.
Driving the keys: Place lubricated locking keys into the insertion holes and slowly
close the joint until the keys will slip into the keyways. Check the straightness of the
entry again by sighting along the pipe and by aligning the scribe mark on the male
end with the edge of the female end or coupling.
Use a hammer or mallet to drive the locking keys through the insertion holes and into
the keyways until the leading end can be seen in the insertion hole and
approximately 3 to 4 inches (75 to 100 mm) remain projecting.
Caution: Drive the key only until you can see its leading end through
the insertion hole. If the key is driven too far, heat may elongate it and cause it to
stick, making later removal impossible.
Protect the projecting keys of piping exposed to sunlight or other ultraviolet radiation
from embrittlement. Within several days after installation, spray all exposed key
surfaces with a black acrylic coating or wrap them with duct tape. Also, fill keyholes
with caulking compound to prevent intrusion of sand and dirt which may make later
key removal difficult.
Positioning and aligning the joined pipe: After driving the keys, deflect the
joint to fit the hanger supports or trench bottom. With the pipe fully supported in its
final position, release the lifting straps: for buried pipe, extract them carefully from
under the pipe.
Note: When installing buried pipe in sag curves, it may be necessary to leave the
lead lifting strap in position to align the next joint during assembly.
To avoid excessive movement and bending at turns and branches during the
hydrostatic test, pull straight sections of joined pipe forward as assembly progresses,
using a ratchet winch or other means to remove play in the joints.
Anchoring and blocking Suspended pipe is anchored against forces tending to move the pipe by sup-
ports which grip the pipe barrel or preferably the female end or coupling. The
magnitude and direction of these forces depend on system pressure, tempera-
ture, layout geometry and other factors. Refer to the "Bondstrand Engineering
Guide for Suspended Pipe)' BEG-13, for guidance.
It is sometimes necessary to block buried pipe especially for high pressure
or high temperature services. Refer to the Ameron publication, "The Need for
Blocking of Buried Pipe," EB-24.
Blocks on buried lines which experience temperature changes greater than
90F (50C) should encase the fitting so that the block resists the compression
or tension in the line. Alternatively, blocks may be placed on each pipe leg
adjacent to the fitting, thereby leaving the joints and fitting open to inspection.
When blocking in this fashion, bond saddles to the pipe or use special anchor
pipe from Ameron.
9
Cutting pipe to length Special pipe lengths are frequently required for fit-up. When pipe is shortened by
cutting off factory-prepared ends, new male ends must be furnished by bonding on
end adaptors. Cutting and bonding often can be avoided by using factory-made short
lengths (pups) with male ends. Special tools, equipment and assembly instructions
are available from your Bondstrand distributor
Connections to other Bondstrand fiberglass piping maybe connected to either metallic or thermo-
piping plastic piping using flanges drilled to ANSI Standard B16.5, Class 150. Other
flange drillings are available on special order Bondstrand filament-wound flanges
may be bolted directly against raised-face steel flanges provided a torque wrench is
used. These flanges also seal well against lined steel configurations. Use a full-faced
/8-inch (3 mm) thick elastomeric gasket with a Shore A hardness of 60 5 for best
1
results. Consult Ameron literature for complete flange assembly instructions.
For working pressures above 300 psi (20 bar), a special machined steel adaptor is
used to form a matching male end which is then welded to the steel line. Join the
Bondstrand Key-Lock end to the steel adaptor using normal Key-Lock joining
techniques.
Important: Where Bondstrand piping is connected to metallic pipe, anchor the

metallic pipe securely at the point of connection so that expansion and contraction of
the metal line is not transferred to the Bondstrand line.
Field testing Field testing is best and most safely accomplished using a noncompressible fluid -
usually water Provide taps for air and vapor removal stall high points in the system.
Trapped gases may creates hazard during test and operation of the system and may
also restrict flow or drainage. Avoid rapid filling of long lines. A rapidly moving
column of fluid has high inertia and can build explosive pressures in trapped sir
1
pockets. Recognize that at 150 psi (10 bar), air will be compressed to /10 of its
original volume and will stores considerable amount of energy.
Caution: Before testing with compressible fluids such as air or gases,

contact Ameron or your Bondstrand representative for special
recommendations.
Closures for test can be made using blind flanges or valves. A Swel-Plug positive-
grip end closure. Model 4031*, is a reusable alternative.
For systems intended for noncompressible fluids. test the piping hydrostatically at the
test pressure cited in the appropriate Bondstrand product data publication for a
period of four hours. Although a drop in the gauge pressure will reveal larger leaks, a
visual surface check of pipe, fittings and joints at the end of the hydrostatic test
period will provide the best evidence of satisfactory installation.
Key-Lock joints installed with good workmanship will normally be leak-free. However,
small amounts of sand or grit, cut 0-rings or excessive joint deflection may cause
some leakage. For the field test, a leakage allowance of gallon per hour (1.89 liter
per hour) per 100 joints irrespective of pipe diameter is suggested as permitted by
NFPA 24 for private fire service mains.
Temperature has a significant influence on test pressure. Direct sun and the heat of
the day may cause pressures to rise well above the intended test pressure, possibly
overstressing piping, valves and equipment. Avoid this by bleeding off excess
pressure. Conversely falling test pressures may indicate cooling of the line; pressure
should be boosted until the cause of the pressure drop has been established.
*A product of the Tube Turns Division of Chemetron Corp., Louisville, Kentucky 40201.
10
Leak repair Leaks in pipe and joints are repaired by replacing the faulty part. The following
procedure describes disassembly of a coupled Key-Lock joint but applies
equally for male x female joints when the pipe can be moved axially in either
direction. If the pipe cannot be moved, the female end must be cut off and replaced
by insertion of an adapter, a length of pipe (pup) and two coupled joints.
When disassembling a Key-Lock joint.. be aware of the effects of temperature on

restrained or buried lines. Disassembly will be far easier if the joint is relatively free of
tension or compression. The warmest time of the day may be best for a joint under
tension, and the coolest time best for one under compression.
Before disassembly, it may not be obvious whether the joint is in tension or

compression. Assume tension in a normally hot system after cooling and com-
pression in a pressurized system after dropping the pressure.
Caution: Pipeline contents may be at unexpected temperatures or

pressures. Pipelines may even contain fluids other than water. Open
the line slowly and carefully to avoid injury to personnel.
Before disassembly, depressurize the line and allow it to cool,. if necessary. The
keys can sometimes be removed more easily when the pipe is relatively cool. Attach
an Ameron key extractor to the projecting keys and extract them one at a time. Next,
slide the coupling to the side until the 0-ring can be seen through the keyhole. Using
a special 0-ring retractor tool, grip the 0-ring firmly and pull a loop out of the hole.
Next, grip the 0-ring firmly using a vise-grip wrench or pliers and remove the retractor
tool, Cut the 0-ring on the short side of the loop. The keyhole is tangental to the
surface of the pipe. Thus, when the 0-ring is pulled straight out of the hole, the short
side is that half of the loop nearest the female end or coupling surface. Push the
short cut end back into the keyhole. Now pull the gripped end to remove the 0-ring.
Now slide the coupling further to the side until the second 0-ring appears and repeat
this process to extract that 0-ring. In most cases it will be necessary to remove the
coupling using this procedure at the other end of the pipe section as well.
If a locking key or an 0-ring cannot be extracted-. the joint can be disassembled by

making two or more longitudinal sawcuts through the coupling with a portable circular
saw.
Caution: When cutting a coupling, avoid cutting into the pipe surface.
After removing the damaged or faulty pipe section, determine the average distance
between the open ends of the in-line pipe. Note that once the joints of a restrained or
buried line are opened and tension or compression in the line released, the distance
between the open ends may change somewhat because of temperature changes in
the piping. In some buried systems under axial stress. the line will continue to
shorten or lengthen for a time as the pipe slowly moves through its soil envelope.
Therefore, make this measurement just before you are ready to proceed with the
replacement.
Using this average distance and allowing for joining dimensions, select an
appropriate pipe length from stock. Insertion of replacement pipe maybe facilitated
by taking advantage of temperature change during the day. One may expect a
correction of 0.025 inches in a 20-toot length for each 10 F of temperature change
(1.1 mm/6 mm/10 C).
Use new 0-rings and keys for reassembly. Slip the coupling onto one of the pipe
ends at each joint, far enough to expose the 0-ring grooves. Clean and lubricate the
joining surfaces and replace the 0-rings. Use the Ameron joint puller to ease the first
coupling back over the two spigot ends and insert the keys to complete the joint.
Repeat this process at the other end of the pipe to complete the repair.
11
Important notice This literature and the information and recommendations it contains are based on
data reasonably believed to be reliable. However, such factors as variations in
environment, application or installation, changes in operating procedures, or
extrapolation of data may cause different results. Ameron makes no representation
or warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for
purpose, as to the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of the recommendations or
information contained herein. Ameron assumes no liability whatsoever in connection
with this literature or the information or recommendations it contains.
Written comments regarding this document are invited. Please write

Engineering Manager, Ameron Fiberglass Pipe Division

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Assembly Instructions
for Bondstrand fiberglass flanges
Scope These instructions present Ameron's recommendations for the proper use of
Bondstrand fiberglass flanges in the following pipe series:
Series 2000 2000M

4000 5000 5000M
6000 7000 7000M
The mounting of flanges on pipe and fittings is addressed by the assembly

instructions for the particular Bondstrand jointing system used.
Gaskets Use full-face gaskets of an elastomer suitable for the service pressure and
temperature and fluids in the system. Gaskets should be 1/8 inch (3 mm) thick with
a Shore A durometer hardness between 55 and 65. Refer to ASTM D1330
Specification for Sheet Rubber Gaskets, Grade I or II, to establish minimum
physical property requirements for use with water, except specify a Shore A
durometer hardness of 60 5. For dimensions other than thickness, refer to Table
5 of ANSI B16.21-1978 for Class 150 full-face gaskets.
Assembly First finger tighten all nuts. Bolt threads must be clean and lubricated to attain
proper torque. Use lubricated washers under both nuts and bolt heads to protect
flange back-facing.
Tighten all nuts following the sequences shown under tightening sequence. Do not
exceed the torque increments given in recommended bolt torques. After all bolts
have been tightened to the recommended torque, recheck the torque on each bolt
in the same sequence, since previously tightened bolts may have relaxed.
Caution: Excess torque can prevent sealing and can damage flanges.
Sealing. against valves Always follow these instructions carefully when joining Bondstrand flanges to
and other flanges raised-face steel flanges, flanges on lined pipe and fittings, and wafer valves of all
types. Molded flanges should not be connected to wafer valves or raised-face steel
flanges. Valves are frequently supplied with sealing details built into the flange
facing. Unless these details are known to seal without a gasket against Bondstrand
flanges, use the usual full-face, 1/8-inch thick elastomeric gasket.
Safety factors Standard black or solid gray molded flanges in 4-through 12-inch sizes have a
safety factor to failure torque of 1.5 or greater when joined to another Bondstrand
flange or any flat-face flange in accordance with these instructions. All other
Bondstrand flanges have a safety factor to failure of 1.5 or greater when joined to a
raised-face steel flange or a valve in accordance with these instructions.
Ameron 1987 FP196A supersedes FP196 O 01/93 Printed in The Netherlands

Nuts and washers Nut Plain Washer
Flange Size Thickness OD Thickness
(in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm)
1-1.5 25-40 .44 11 1.06 30 .12 3
2-4 50-100 .55 14 1.31 33 .12 3
6-8 150-200 .64 15 1.47 37 .16 4
10-12 250-300 .75 19 1.75 44 .16 4
14-16 350-400 1.00 25 2.00 51 .16 4
18-20 350-500 1.00 25 2.25 57 .16 4
22-30 550-750 1.06 27 2.50 64 .16 4
32-36 800-900 1.28 33 3.00 76 .16 4
Nuts and washers should conform to requirements of ANSI B18.2.2-1972 (R1983) Regular Hex Nuts and
ANSI B18.22.1-1965 (R1981) Type A, Plain, Narrow Series, respectively. Washer dimensions agree with
SAE Standard'' and ANSI/ASTM Specification F436.
Recommended bolt torques Torque Recommended Torque for

Flange Size Increments Full Pressure Seal
(in) (mm) (ft lb) (N m) (ftlb) (Nm)
1- 4 25-100 5 7 20 27
6-12 150-300 10 14 30 41
14-16 350-400 10 14 50 68
18-20 450-500 20 27 60 81
22-36 550-900 25 34 75 102
All flanges for the Bondstrand pipe series listed above in Scope mate with other Bondstrand flanges or with
flat-face steel flanges using these bolt torques.
Tightening sequence
Bolt lengths Recommended hex head bolt lengths for flanges with ANSI B1 6.5, Class 150
drilling are tabulated below. Stud bolt lengths may be determined by adding the
thickness of a nut plus three threads to the tabulated lengths. For orifice flange
assemblies add an additional 1 inches (40 mm). ALWAYS use washers under
both nuts and bolt heads to protect the back-facing of fiberglass flanges.
Filament-wound flanges
1
Flange Bolt Bolt Flange Combination
Size Diameter Count FW x FW FW x S HDFW x HDFWHDFW x S
(in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm)
1 25 0.500 13 4 _ _ _ _ 3.50 89 3.00 76
1.5 40 0.500 13 4 _ _ _ _ 4.00 102 3.50 89
2
2 50 0.625 16 4 3.25 83 3.00 76 5.25 133 4.00 102
3 802 0.625 16 4 3.50 89 3.25 83 5.25 133 4.25 108
4 1002 0.625 16 8 3.75 95 3.50 89 5.25 133 4.25 108
6 150 0.750 19 8 5.00 127 4.25 108 6,50 165 5.00 127
8 200 0.750 19 8 5.50 140 4.50 114 7.00 178 5.50 140
10 250 0.875 22 12 5.50 140 4.75 121 7.50 191 5.50 140
12 300 0.875 22 12 5.75 146 5.00 127 8.00 203 6.00 152
14 350 1.000 25 12 7.25 184 5.75 146 9.50 241 7.00 178
16 400 1.000 25 16 8.00 203 6.25 159 10.00 254 7.50 191
18 450 1.125 29 16 9.00 229 7.00 178 11.00 279 8.00 203
20 500 1.125 29 20 9.50 242 7.50 191 11.50 292 8.50 216
22 550 1.250 32 20 10.50 267 8.00 203 12.50 318 9.00 229
24 600 1.250 32 20 11.00 279 8.50 216 13.00 330 9.50 241
26 650 1.250 32 24 10.50 267 9.00 229 14.00 356 11.00 279
28 700 1.250 32 28 11.00 279 9.50 241 15.00 381 11.50 292
30 750 1.250 32 28 11.50 292 9.50 241 16.00 406 12.00 305
32 800 1.500 38 28 13.00 330 10.50 257 18.00 457 13.00 330
34 850 1.500 38 32 13.00 330 11.00 279 19.00 483 14.00 356
36 900 1.500 38 32 14.00 356 11.50 292 20.00 508 15.00 381
Molded flanges
Flange Bolt Bolt Flange Combination1
Size Diameter Count MxM M x S3
(in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm) (in) (mm)
1.5 403 0.500 13 4 _ _ 4.50 114
2 50 0.625 16 4 3.25 83 _ _
3 80 0.625 16 4 3.75 95 _ _
4 100 0.625 16 8 4.25 108 _ _
6 150 0.750 19 8 5.00 127 4.25 108
8 200 0.750 19 8 5.50 140 4.50 114
10 250 0.875 22 12 5.50 140 4.75 121
12 300 0.875 22 12 5,75 146 5.00 127
1) FW = Filament-wound
S = Steel
M = Molded
HDFVV - Heavy-duty filament-wound
Bolt lengths are determined using ASTM Standard Practice F704 and Annex "F'' of ANSI Standard B16.5-
1981 and include provision for washers under bolt heads and nuts abutting filament-wound or molded
flanges. Bolts should conform to requirements of ANSI 818.2.1-1972 Regular Hex Head Bolts.
2) Maintain bolt end point clearance on inside radius of 2-through 4-inch flanged ANSI 45
Bondstrand elbows by using additional washers or shims under boll heads as required.
3) Flat-face steel flanges.
4) Available only in 2 x 1 inch reducing configuration. Connect only to 1 inch steel flange.
Trouble shooting If assembled joint leaks, Ioosen and remove all bolts, nuts, washers and gaskets.
Check for alignment of assembly. Rebuild to correct alignment as required. Check the
gasket for damage. If damaged, discard and replace with new, undamaged gasket.
Check flanges for seal ring damage. In particular, check the condition of the inner seal
rings. Flanges with damaged inner seal rings must be removed and new, undamaged
flanges installed.
If leaks occur as a result of deficiencies in nonfiberglass components of the piping
system, consult the manufacturer of the defective components for recommended
corrective procedures.
Clean and relubricate old threads and washers before rejoining. Repeat the joining
procedure outlined above.
After corrective action has been taken, retest the joint to see if a seal has been made.
Important notice This literature and the information and recommendations it contains are based on data
reasonably believed to be reliable. However, such factors as variations in environment,
application or installation, changes in operating procedures, or extrapolation of data may
cause different results. Ameron makes no representation or warranty, express or implied,
including warranties of merchantability or fitness for purpose, as to the accuracy,
adequacy or completeness of the recommendations or information contained herein.
Ameron assumes no liability whatsoever in connection with this literature or the
information or recommendations it contains.
Written comments regarding this document are invited. Please write Engineering
Manager, Ameron Fiberglass Pipe Group.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Bondstrand Pipe Shavers
B ondstrand pipe shavers are designed to prepare a spigot

on the cut end of a Bondstrand pipe as described in the individual assembly
instructions. Pipe is shipped from the factory with spigots, but when the pipe is cut to
length on the job site, a spigot must be shaved for assembly to the bell end of another
section of pipe, or to a fitting or coupling. Each shaver is centered and fixed on the
end of the pipe by an expanding arbor. Arbors are available for each pipe size. The
arbor slips in to the pipe and expands to grip the inside of the pipe when the tensioning
bolt(s)is/are tightened. As the frame is rotated around the stationary centre shaft, the
cutting tool advances automaticially.
Assembly technique
For the best possible joint reliability, Ameron draws on broad experience to provide
complete assembly instructions. These well-defined and repeatable assembly
techniques help the user avoid field-joining problems and assure succesful installation.
Training programmes and audio-visual aids are available and are especially helpful
for first-time users of Bondstrand Pipe Shavers.
The following series of pipe shavers are available :
Shaver Type Bonding system Size

B-1 Quick-Lock 1- 4
M74 Quick-Lock 2-16
M86 Taper/Taper 2-6
M86 XL Taper/Taper and Quick-Lock 2-10
M87 Taper/Taper and Quick-Lock 6-16
M87 XL Taper/Taper and Quick-Lock 16-24
M95 Taper/Taper 24-40
B-1 Pipe End Preparation Tool

The B-1 pipe tool is used to prepare the straight spigot end on Bondstrand fiberglass
pipe employing the Quick-Lock adhesive bonded joint. The tool is available for all
Bondstrand pipe sizes from 1 through 4 inch (25-100 mm) in diameter and has been
designed so that all critical dimensions such as spigot length and spigot outside
diameter are preset and require no adjustment by the operator.
M74 Pipe Shaver

The Bondstrand M74 Pipe Shaver is designed to prepare a cilindrical surface (spigot)
on the cut end of a Bondstrand pipe in sizes 2 through 16 inch (50-400 mm) in diam-
eter as described in the Bondstrand Assembly Instructions. When adjusted and used
as described in the instructions, the shaver prepares an excellent bonding surface
with a controlled tolerance on diameter. This unit can be rotated by hand or with a
portable power drive (supplied loose). A key in the portable power drive engages a
keyway in the power drive seat to rotate the unit.
Ameron 1995. FP 599 C 08/04 supersedes FP 599 B 05/99 - Page 1 of 2. Printed in the Netherlands.
M86 Pipe Shaver
The Bondstrand M86 Pipe Shaver is designed to prepare a tapered spigot on the cut
end of a Bond-strand pipe in sizes 2 through 6 inch (50-150 mm) diameter allowing to
fit a Bondstrand fitting with a matching tapered socket. The shaver is normally driven
by a portable power-drive adapter. A key in the portable power drive engages a keyway
in the power drive seat to rotate the shaver.
M86XL Pipe Shaver

The Bondstrand M86XL pipe shaver is designed to prepare a tapered or straight
spigot on the cut-end of a Bondstrand pipe in the sizes 2 through 10 inch (50-250
mm) diameter, allowing to fit a Bondstrand fitting with a matching tapered socket or
Quick-Lock socket, as well as preparing ends for mechanical coupling e.g. Helden,
Straub, Viking Johnson, etc. The shaver is driven by two fixed electric motors.
M87 Pipe Shaver

The Bondstrand M87 pipe shaver is designed to prepare a tapered or straight spigot
on the cut end of a Bondstrand pipe in the sizes 6 through 16 inch (150-400 mm)
diameter, allowing to fit a Bondstrand fitting with a matching tapered socket or Quick-
Lock socket, as well as preparing ends for mechanical coupling e.g. Helden, Straub,
Viking Johnson, etc. The shaver is driven by a portable power drive. A key in the
portable power drive engages in a matching slot on the power drive seat to rotate the
shaver.
M87XL Pipe Shaver

The Bondstrand M87XL pipe shaver is designed to prepare a tapered or straight spigot
on the cut end of a Bondstrand pipe in the sizes 16 through 24 inch (400-600 mm)
Lock socket, as well preparing ends for mechanical coupling e.g. Helden, Straub,
Viking Johnson, etc. The shaver is driven by a portable power drive.
M95 Pipe Shaver

The Bondstrand M95 pipe shaver is designed to prepare a tapered or straight spigot
on the cut-end of a Bondstrand pipe in the sizes 24 through 40 inch (600-1000 mm)
Lock socket, as well as preparing ends for mechanical coupling e.g. Helden, Straub,
Viking Johnson, etc. The shaver is driven by two fixed electric motors.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Internet: www.ameron.com internet: www.ameron-fpg.nl internet: www.ameron.com.sg
email: marcom@ameronfpd.com email: info@ameron-fpg.nl
Ameron 1995. FP 599 C 08/04 supersedes FP 599 B 05/99 - Page 1email: info@ameron.com.sg
of 2. Printed in the Netherlands.
Electric Heating Blankets
Heat source for forced curing
adhesive-bonded joints in Bondstrand
piping systems
Introduction Bondstrand heating blankets are specially designed to heat cure adhesive-bonded
joints in pipe and fittings. Requiring either 120 Volts or 230 Volts alternating current,
the blankets are quickly and easily applied. They provide thermostatically controlled
heat, ensuring maximum joint strength and reliability.
Ameron supplies heating blankets for pipe sizes varying from 1 to 40 inch
(25 -1000 mm) controlled by either one or two thermostats.
There are two types of blankets, Type A and Type B.
TYPE A : Inner joint heating blanket for pipe sizes 1-3 inch (25-75 mm).
This type of blanket is specially designed for curing bonded flange joints by inserting
the pre-formed shape in to the pipe.
TYPE B : Single-zone heating blankets for pipe sizes 1-40 inch (25-1000 mm).
This type of blanket is placed around or inside the bonded joint (with exception of 1"
through 3" flange joints).
Type B blankets are divided in the following diameter ranges:
Type A ! 1-2 inch (25-50 mm) ! 18-20 inch (450-500 mm)
! 3 -4 inch (75-100 mm) ! 22-24 inch (550-600 mm)
! 6 -8 inch (150-200 mm) ! 28-32 inch (700-800 mm)
! 10-12 inch (250-300 mm) ! 34-40 inch (850-1000 mm)
! 14-16 inch (350-400 mm)
Note:
For sizes 28-32 inch (700-800 mm) and 34-40 inch (850-1000 mm) operating at 120
Volts two zone blankets are used.
Type B
Instructions TYPE A :
1) Insert the blanket flush with the end of pipe after removal of excess adhesive from
the joint and leave the power cord exposed from the joint.
2) Ensure that the pre-formed blanket remains snugly against the inside joint surface
by locking beginning and end with each other.
3) At removal after the recommended curing time beware not to pull the blanket by
power cord when fixed by excess adhesive.
4) Release first before removal in order to avoid damage to the thermostat.
TYPE B :
1) Place the thermostat end against the assembled joint with the thermostat facing out
from the joint.
2) Wrap the remainder of the blanket around the joint so that any overlap
will cover the thermostat.
3) Tie the blanket in place with heat-resistant wire (copper, or soft iron).
Ameron 2004. FP 730 B 06/04 supersedes FP 730 A 04/00. Page 1 of 2. Printed in The Netherlands.
Instructions
SPECIAL WRAP FOR FLANGE MOUNTING
STANDARD WRAP FOR PIPE AND FITTING JOINTS SPECIAL WRAP FOR FLANGE MOUNTING
Flange mounting requires a special wrap.

Lay the blanket with the thermostat down and, starting with the thermostat end, roll up
the blanket. Insert the rolled blanket in to the pipe end for the depth of the joint be
cured, leaving the power cord and part of the blanket exposed as shown.
Keep the blanket snugly against the inside joint surface by a flexible non metallic rod.
Handling precautions 1) Do not lift or hold the blanket by the power cord.
2) Do not apply alternating current (A.C.) when standing in water, or on wet surfaces.
3) Apply alternating current only at the voltage marked on the heating blanket.
4) Do not step on the blanket or create sharp folds in it.
5) Inspect the blanket and power cord for loose wire connections and bare wires
prior to applying alternating current.
6) Make sure the blanket is operating, in fact heats up (at all heating zones when
applicable).
7) For required curing times and detailed assembly instructions, please refer to the
applicable joint Assembly Instructions.
8) Use the blanket only for pipe sizes as indicated on the blanket.
For further information regarding the use of the blankets, please refer to the respective
Bondstrand Assembly Instructions.

Burkburnett, TX 76364 P.O. Box 6 No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
Houston, TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Internet: www.ameron.com Internet: www.ameron-fpg.nl Internet: www.ameron.com.sg
email: marcom@ameronfpd.com email: info@ameron-fpg.nl email: info@ameron.com.sg
Ameron 2004. FP 730 B 06/04 supersedes FP 730 A 04/00. Page 2 of 2. Printed in The Netherlands.
Check our website for current approval overview
Home / Bondstrand / Approvals & Testing
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Bondstrand
Products
Joining Systems Approvals & Testing
Specifications
Technical Data Ameron is committed to Total Quality Management and conforms to the international ISO 9001 standard.
Installation Below you find an overview of our Quality Approvals.
Tools & Equipment
Certifying Body Product Unit Number Expiry date
Approvals & Testing
> Type Approvals
Bureau Veritas Bondstrand LD USA 16412/A0 BV 19-oct-11
> Quality Approvals Det Norske Veritas 2000 Europe K-2789 30-jun-09
> Other Det Norske Veritas 2410-2425 Conductive Europe K-3026 31-dec-10
Case History Data Det Norske Veritas 2410-2425 Conductive Singapore K-2198 31-dec-06
Det Norske Veritas 3410-3425 Conductive Europe K-3027 31-dec-10
Deutsches Institut fr Bautechnik 2000, 2000G, 4000, 6000- Europe Z-40.13-290 31-may-06
FM
Factory Mutual 3414. 3416. 3420. 6000 Europe 3021858
Lloyd's Register 2000 Europe 99/00095[E1] 16-jun-09
Lloyd's Register 2400 Singapore 01/00041 11-mar-06
Lloyd's Register 3400 Europe 99/00127[E1] 25-aug-09
NSF International Bondstrand U.S.A. 80680/80681 -
NSF/ANSI 61 Regulations for Drinking Singapore 80683-01

Water Systems (Malaysia)
NSF/ANSI 61 Regulations for Drinking Singapore 80682-02
Water Systems
Public Health Board 2000 Singapore WE 3600019
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme 2000G, 3400 Europe MA3321/Z sep-11
Quality Approvals >>
2006 Ameron B.V. Design by Nettics Internet Tactics Disclaimer - Search - Help
Ameron B.V. - P.O. Box 6 - 4190 CA Geldermalsen - The Netherlands - Phone +31 345 587 587 - e-mail info@ameron-fpg.nl
http://www.bondstrand-industry.com/index.php?id=19030-5-2007 11:35:04
TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 1
QUICK GUIDE INTO

ISO 14692
1. Introduction
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide network of
national standard institutes. The ISO 14692 standard is an international standard dealing
with the qualification, manufacturing, design and installation of GRE piping systems.
This document gives a brief summary of the ISO 14692 standard only and is not intended
to replace the ISO 14692 standard.
To ensure a trouble free GRE pipe system, three major

important conditions must be met:
1. Use qualified products.
Qualification System design

2. Perform system design.
Trouble-
3. Install according to manufacturers standards and
free pipe
guidelines.
The above mentioned three points are addressed in the system

ISO 14692 Standard in Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4 respectively.
Installation
Figure 1. The key to success
Content
1. Introduction 1
2. What is ISO 14692? 2
3. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials 3
4. Part 2: Qualification of components 3
5. Part 3: System design 5
6. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation 7
7. Conclusion 9
8. ISO in brief 9
9. References 9
10. Deviations list to the ISO quality program 10
Ameron 2006. EB 1. 05/06. Page 1 of 12. Printed in the Netherlands

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 2
2. What is ISO 14692?

ISO 14692, is an international standard dealing with the Ameron has obtained a Design Examination Statement from
qualification of fittings, joints and pipes for certain applications. DNV. This examination statement consists out of a combination
It describes how to qualify and manufacture GRP/GRE (Glass of two specifications namely: ISO 14692 and AWWA M45.
Reinforced Epoxy) pipe and fittings, how to conduct system ISO 14692 covers the design of suspended pipe systems and
design and finally it gives guidelines for fabrication, installation the qualification of GRP/GRE products, AWWA M45 covers the
and operation. design and installation of buried pipe systems. Together these
specifications cover all design and installation aspects. In
The ISO 14692 consists of 4 parts: cases the specifications conflict the ISO 14692 supersedes
Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials. the AWWA. Therefore, on basis of this design examination
Part 2: Qualification and manufacture. statement the scope can include also application of GRP/GRE
Part 3: System design. piping systems onshore (buried and suspended).
Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation.
Main users of the ISO 14692 document are: governments,
ISO 14692-2, ISO 14692-3, ISO 14692-4, follow each end users, engineering companies, inspection companies,
individual phase in the life cycle of a GRP/GRE piping system, manufacturers, installers.
i.e. from design through manufacture to operation. Each part is The advantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:
therefore aimed at the relevant parties involved in that - Standardizing principles, norms, working methods.
particular case. It is primarily intended for offshore applications - Allows everybody to have the same understanding.
on both fixed and floating topsides facilities, but may also be - Main engineering and installation of GRP/GRE issues are
used as guidance for the specification, manufacture, testing handled.
and installation of GRP/GRE piping systems in other similar - Accepted by all engineering companies, third party inspec-
applications found onshore. tion companies and governments.
- Accepted in Europe by convention of Vienna and equal to
CEN-standards.
- Everybody speaks the same language.
The disadvantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:

- Needs thorough studying, the standard is certainly difficult.
- For qualification, expensive tests are required.
- Expensive quality control requirements.
Photo 1. Platform under construction

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 3
3. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials

First part of the ISO 14692 gives the terms, definitions and Impregnate = saturate the reinforcement with a resin.
symbols used. Part factor f1 = ratio of the 97,5% confidence limit of the
Main objective of this chapter is to achieve that every body LTHP to the mean value of LTHP
speaks the same language. LTHP = extrapolated long-term mean static failure pressure
of a component with free ends based on a 20-year lifetime.
A few examples of common used abbreviations are given: Part factor f2 = derating factor related to confidence in the
pipe work system, the nature of the application and the
Composite pipe = pipe manufactured using fibre reinforced consequence of failure.
thermo set plastics Part factor f3 = part factor that takes account of
GRP = Glass Reinforced Plastics non-pressure-related axial loads, e.g. bending
GRE = Glass Reinforced Epoxy
Lower confidence limit, LCL = 97,5% confidence limit of the Furthermore, some general applications for GRP/GRE piping
long-term hydrostatic pressure or stress based on a 20-year are given.
lifetime.
Jet fire = turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the
combustion of a fuel continuously released with significant
momentum in a particular range of directions.
4. Part 2: Qualification of components

Part 2 of the standard gives requirements for the qualification according ASTM D-2992 must be determined (witnessed by
and manufacture of GRP/GRE piping and fittings. third party for example: DNV, Bureau Veritas). The test consists
out of at least 18 samples. The test pieces are plain end pipes.
4.1 Materials of construction and wall thickness The test setup is a closed end pressure vessel. Pipe samples
limitations are subject to different pressures. The test medium is water at
The GRP/GRE components shall be manufactured using a 65 degrees C. The required failure mode is weeping.
thermosetting resin such as epoxy, polyester, vinylester The failures shall be in different decades. Figure 2 gives an
and phenolic. example of a regression line.
The reinforcement shall be glassfiber, e.g. continuous and/or
woven rovings.
The minimum wall thickness shall be 3 mm for sizes 4 inch

and above. The minimum wall thickness for sizes below 4 inch
is defined as: WT / ID 0,025.
4.2 Qualification program

An extensive qualification program is required to determine
the performance of the GRP/GRE components with respect to
pressure, temperature, chemical resistance, fire performance,
electrostatic performance, impact etc.
What has to be done to qualify a GRP/GRE piping system?
For each product family (component type), a full regression line
Figure 2. Regression curve

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 4
Each product family (pipe, elbow, reducer, tee, flange) is For calculation of the test pressure, the regression line of the
divided into product sectors. Two representative samples, pipe or the fitting is used. In absence of a regression line, a
usually the biggest diameter and highest pressure class, from default value can be obtained from a table given in the ISO.
each product sector are taken and fully tested according For details on the calculation see the ISO document. In general
ASTM 1598 (1000 hrs at 65 C). The test medium is water. The the 1000 hr test is performed at about 2.5 to 3 times the
representative samples are called the product sector represen- design pressure. So a 20 bar system is tested around 50 to 60
tatives. bar.
A product sector contains all the items within its diameter and
Table 1. Overview of product sectors pressure range, the so called component variants. Component
variants are qualified by either two 1000 hr tests or through the
Diameter (mm) Pressure range (bar) scaling method.
0 - 50 50 - 100 100 -150 >
_ 150
25 - 250 A H N S For quality control, short term tests could be performed, if
250 - 400 B I O T required and agreed with the principal. These are done to
400 - 600 C J P establish a baseline value for quality control.
600 - 800 D K Q Other aspects to be considered are: the glass transition tem-
800 - 1200 E L R perature, the glass resin ratio and component dimensions.
These have to be determined from the replicate samples and
used by quality control during production as base line values.
4.3 Fire performance

If required, fire testing shall be conducted on each piping
material system. The performance of the piping system shall
be qualified in accordance with the ISO procedure and a
classification code shall be assigned.
4.4 Electrical conductivity

If required, testing shall be carried out on each piping material
system. The performance of the piping system shall be quali-
fied in accordance with the ISO procedure and a classification
code shall be assigned.
4.5 Quality program for manufacture

Photo 2. Spool for 1000 hrs testing The piping manufacturer shall have a suitable and accredited
quality assurance and quality control system.
Pipe and fittings furnished to ISO 14692 shall be tested
according to the ISO standard.
See chapter 10 for the list of deviations to the quality program.
Photo 3. Overview of elbows needed for qualification up to 8 inch

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 5
Table 2. Overview of qualification tests needed
Product sector A Test standard Pipes Elbows Tees Flanges

Component variant 2 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling
Product sector
representative 8 inch ASTM D-2992 2 2 2 2
Family representative ASTM D-2992 18 18 18 18
QC baseline ASTM D-1598 5 5 5 5
5. Part 3: System design

5.1 Introduction/abstract 5.4 Hydraulic design
The design guidelines are handled in part 3 of the ISO 14692. The aim of hydraulic design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping
The designer shall evaluate system layout requirements such systems are capable of transporting the specified fluid at the
as: specified rate, pressure and temperature throughout their
Space requirement (fitting dimensions). intended service life.
Piping system support.
Vulnerability. Factors that limit the velocity are:
The effect of fire (incl. blast) on the layout requirements Unacceptable pressure losses.
should be considered. Prevention of water hammer.
Control of electrostatic discharge (depending on service Prevent cavitation.
and location). Reduction of erosion.
Reduction of noise.
5.2 Layout requirements Pipe diameter and geometry (inertia loading).
In general the same types of fittings available in steel are also
available in GRP. Note that the building dimensions of some Fluid velocity, fluid density, interior surface roughness of pipes
GRP/GRE fittings can be larger compared to steel fittings. and fittings, pipe length, inside diameter as well as resistance
from valves and fittings shall be taken into account when esti-
5.3 Support distance mating pressure losses. The smooth surface of the GRP/GRE
Recommendations for system support: pipe may result in lower pressure losses compared to metal
Supports spaced to limit sag (< 12.5 mm). pipe.
Valves and heavy equipment to be supported
independently. A full hydraulic surge analysis shall be carried out, if pressure
In general, connections to metallic piping systems shall be transients are expected. The analysis shall cover all anticipated
anchored. operating conditions including priming, actuated valves, pump
Do not use GRP/GRE piping to support other piping. testing, wash-down hoses, etc.
Use the flexibility of the material to accommodate axial
expansion, provided the system is well anchored and
guided.

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 6
5.5 Structural design 5.6 Stress analysis

Aim of structural design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping Manual or computer methods can be used for structural
systems shall sustain all stresses and deformations during analysis of piping systems.
construction/installation and throughout the service life.
Caesar II (by Coade) is commonly used to perform stress and
Piping system design shall represent the most severe flexibility analysis. The piping system can be evaluated for
conditions experienced during installation and service life. several load-cases. Load-cases can be setup from
Designers shall consider loads given in table 1 in the combinations of pressure, temperature, weight, wind load,
ISO document. displacement, earthquake etc. With the calculation output,
Sustained loads: the stresses in the piping system, the displacement, the loads
Pressure (internal, external, vacuum, hydro-test). on the support, the load on equipment nozzles etc., can be
Mass (self-mass, medium, insulation, etc). checked.
Thermal induced loads.
Soil loads and soil subsidence.
Occasional loads:
Earthquake.
Wind.
Water hammer.
The sum of all hoop stresses and the sum of all axial stresses
in any component in the piping system shall lie within the long-
term design envelope.
5.5.1 Determination of the failure envelope and

the long-term design envelope
In the ISO14692 document an algorithm is given how to
determine the failure envelope and how the long term
design envelope is developed.
Determine the short term failure envelope (1 or 2).

The idealized long term failure envelope (3) is geometrically
similar to the short term envelope with all data points Photo 4. Installation of 54 km 18 inch pipe, pressure rating 20 bar
being scaled. This scaling factor (fscale) is derived using
the long term regression line.
The non factored long term design envelope (4) is based 5.7 Fire performance
on the idealized long term envelope multiplied by the part The fire performance requirements of the piping system shall
factor f2. be determined.
The factored long term design envelope (5) is derived Fire performance is characterized in two properties:
by multiplication with A1, A2 and A3, where A1 is the Fire endurance (ability to continue to perform during fire).
de-rating factor for temperature, A2 is the de-rating factor Fire reaction (ignition time, flame spread, smoke and heat
for chemical resistance and A3 is the de-rating factor for release, toxicity).
cyclic service. If piping cannot satisfy the required fire properties, the
following shall be considered:
Figure 3. Allowable stress curve Rerouting of piping.
Use alternative materials.
Apply suitable fire-protective coating.
5.8 Static electricity

The use of a conductive piping system might be considered in
case the GRP/GRE piping system is running in a hazardous
area or if the pipe is carrying fluids capable of generating
electrostatic charges.

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 7
6. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation

6.1 Introduction Pipe spools. Take care that impact damage is prevented
Part 4 of the ISO 14692 gives requirements and recommen- by proper packaging and use of protection material. In all
dations for fabrication, installation and operation of cases pipe spools should not be stacked.
GRP/GRE pipe systems. Adhesives. Check recommended storage temperatures.
O-rings, gaskets etc. shall be stored in a cool place, free
Past experience with GRP/GRE installations is that a great deal from UV radiation, chemicals etc.
of the problems that occur are associated with bad fabrication
and installation. 6.2.2 Installer requirements
All GRP/GRE components shall be installed by qualified
One of the tools to detect fabrication and installation mistakes GRP/GRE pipe fitters and thereafter approved by a qualified
is to hydro test the GRP/GRE pipe system. In other words: to GRP/GRE piping inspector.
guarantee that a GRP/GRE pipe system is fit for purpose, it is
common practice that a GRP/GRE pipe system is hydro tested Definitions:
as part of the commissioning procedure. Pipe fitter
Person working for a contractor who is responsible for the
This means that any possible problems are detected in a late construction of the GRE pipe system. He must be able to
phase in the project. Repairs in this late phase of the project make the relevant joint types according Ameron procedures.
can be costly and difficult due to limited access. This certificate can be compared to a welders certificate.
Supervisor
Person who is responsible for the quality of the installation and
is able to check the quality of the work done by the pipe fitters.
This person is normally employed by the responsible
contractor for example as a foreman. This certificate is a
personal certificate.
QA/QC Inspector
Person who is able: to check and judge the work of contractor
and is able to globally verify the soundness of the installation.
This includes lay-out related matters such as support construc-
tion and location, flange connections etc. Can be employed by
client, contractor, third party (BV, DNV, Lloyds). This certificate
is a personal certificate.
Photo 5. Hydro-test of spool
6.2 Fabrication and installation

What can be done to prevent/reduce the above problem?
6.2.1 Inspection
It starts with checking the incoming goods
Check supplied quantity.
Check nominal dimensions of supplied material
Check supplied pressures class Photo 6. Typical work of a GRE pipe fitter
Perform a visual control of supplied material (transport
damage, impact) Training of pipe fitter
Check if storage is correct The quality of the joints is mainly dependent on craftsman-
Check availability of documentation (packing lists, ship of the pipe fitter. Therefore, the ISO 14692 demands
certification) that the qualification organization is independent of the
Handling and storage of the incoming goods organization that carries out the training. In the case of
Use the Ameron lifting, loading and unloading procedure. Ameron the independent organization is DNV. The training
Storage. Pay attention to the stacking of the pipe; consists of a theoretical and a practical part.
support width and stacking height, end protection of pipe The theoretical part will end with a written exam for which
and fittings. a 70% pass mark is required. The practical part will end
Preferably, pipes should be transported in containers or with making a joint that will be hydro-tested according the
crates. requirements of the ISO 14692. These tests are witnessed

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 8
by a third party. When passing both exams the pipe fitter E.g.:
will receive a pipe fitter certificate issued by DNV. Impact > replace (major defect) or repair (minor defect)
The purpose of the entire training is to teach the pipe fitter Misaligned joints > replace components (major defect)
those things he or she can have influence on. remake joint (minor defect)
Training of Supervisor - QA/QC inspector

Ameron and DNV are developing an individual certification
for Supervisor - QA/QC inspector based on ISO 14692
requirements. Objective is to train Supervisor - QA/QC
inspector on aspects like storage, inspection of pipes and
fittings, supporting, jointing, hydro testing etc. etc. in such
a way, that they can act as Supervisor - QA/QC inspector
on a GRE pre-fabrication and installation job. An important
factor is that they also learn what can go wrong. The
educating company will be Ameron as they have in con-
trast to most institutes a large knowledge, obtained over
decades, in this particular area. Examination committee
will be DNV. The certificate that can be obtained will be a
personal certificate.
6.2.3 Installation methods

Installation method shall be according manufacturers approved
installation manual.
Supporting
Follow the installation guides from the Manufacturer.
Other guidelines not different from the Ameron procedures
are given in the ISO 14692.
Installation
General requirements are given in the ISO 14692 for the
installation of GRP/GRE components such as bending,
bolt-torquing, tolerances, earthing of conductive piping, joint
selection, quality control, etc.
Most important point is that all piping shall be installed so that
they are stress-free.
Quality program for installation Photo 7. Spool fabrication shop

The contractor shall maintain a high level of inspection to
ensure compliance with all requirements. The contractor shall
designate one individual to be responsible for quality control 6.3 Maintenance and repair
throughout the installation.
Record of following items shall be made: GRP/GRE pipes are generally maintenance free, but the follow-
starting and end time of the curing process; pipe fitter nr.; ing points shall be given attention during inspection and are
batch number of the adhesive and heating blanket; measured addressed in the ISO document:
temperature of the heating blanket; ambient temperature, date, - Removal of scale and blockages.
joint number, relative humidity. - Electrical conductivity.
- Surface and mechanical damage.
6.2.4 System testing - Chalking, ageing and erosion.
All GRP/GRE piping systems shall be hydrostatically pressure - Flange cracks and leaks.
tested after installation. Water shall be used as a test medium.
Repair shall be in accordance with manufacturers procedures.
6.2.5 Visual inspection
Visual inspection shall be carried out of all joints and surfaces.
Possible defect along with acceptance criteria and corrective
actions are given in the ISO document.

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 9
7. Conclusion
ISO 14692 is a worldwide accepted standard for the
manufacturing, qualification, design and installation of
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy piping systems.
When the guidelines laid down in the ISO 14692 standard are
followed, it will result in a trouble-free GRE pipe system.
8. ISO in brief
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a global ISO a non-governmental organization, is a federation of
network that identifies what International Standards are national standards, bodies of over 149 countries, one per
required by business, government and society, develops them country, from all regions of the world, including developed,
in partnership with the sectors, that will put them in use, developing and transitional economies.
adopts them by transparent procedures based on national
input and delivers them to be implemented worldwide.
ISO standards distil an international consensus from the

broadest possible base of stake holder groups. Expert input
comes from those closest to the needs for the standards and
also the results of implementing them. In this way, although
voluntary, ISO standards are widely respected and accepted by
public and private sectors internationally.
9. References
ISO 14692-1 Petroleum and natural gas industries
Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 1:
Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials;
Qualification and manufacture;
System design;
Fabrication, installation and operation.

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 10
10. Deviations list to the ISO quality program

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) Ameron
8.0 Quality programme for manufacture Standard
8.2 Calibration Quality Control equipment:
Pressure gauges:
Accurate +/- 0,5% Accurate +/- 0.8%
Calibration every two months
8.3.2.2 Mill hydrostatic test 5% of total production.

5% of continuous production (c.p.) 1,5x Design Pressure
=< 600mm 0,89 times qualified pressure
> 600mm 0,75 times qualified pressure
if pressure class > 32 bar = 100%
8.3.2.3 Spools frequency = 100% (if practicable) 5% (if practicable)
8.3.2.4 Retesting: by failures of one of both retested compo- Only the failed components will be rejected. In case of
nents, the whole lot to the latest successful hydrotest rejected components, 100% will be conducted until the
shall be rejected. infected range has been determined
8.3.3 Degree of cure: DSC according to ISO 11357-2 According to API 15LR.
Determination of a QC baseline on base-resin or
component. Min. acc. = 130 / 140 dgr.C
Frequency of 1% on c.p.
Once per shift
8.3.4 Short-term burst test: Agreed with principal Once per three months
8.3.5 Ongoing pressure tests: yearly 6x 1000hr. test from None

at least two product sectors
8.3.6 Glass content in accordance with ISO 1172 at a In accordance with ASTM-D-2584 at a frequency of
frequency of 1% of c.p. once a week random two types.
Acceptance: 70-82% for filament wound pipe Acceptance: 65-77% for filament wound pipe
65-75% filament wound fittings 55-65% for filament wound fittings
50-65% hand-lay-up fittings
8.3.7.2 Visual Inspection: Table 12 and Table A1 of annexure ASTM-D-2563 (visual)

A van ISO 14692-4:2002
8.3.7.3 The principal shall be notified of all repairs No notification
8.3.8.2 The following dimensions shall be determined in Ameron conducts 100% inspection on outside diameter
& accordance with ASTM D-3567 for 1% of pipe and of pipe. Reinforced wall thickness is automatically
8.3.8.3 each fitting: determined by using fixed inside diameter. All dimensions
a) Internal diameter and tolerances are in accordance with Ameron product
b) Outside diameter drawings.
c) Mass
d) Minimum total wall thickness
e) Reinforced wall thickness
f) Laying length

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 11
8.3.8.4 The following dimensions shall be determined in Ameron conducts only 100% inspection on laying
accordance with ASTM D3567 for 1% of pipe and lengths and directions/ positions
each fitting:
a) Internal diameter
b) Maximum outside diameter
c) Reinforced wall thickness
d) Relevant dimensions as described figure 1
e) Mass
8.3.9 Thread dimensions N/A
8.3.10 Conductivity 105 (100V) Conductivity 106 (500V)
8.3.11 Retest: by failures of one of both retested compo- Only the failed components will be rejected.
nents, the whole batch to the latest successful test To avoid rejecting good products, Ameron will test all
shall be rejected. products to trace all infected products.
8.4.3 Records to be maintained by manufacturer: Documentation available in QC/Engineering file

Hydrotest reports
Dim.+Vis.+ cond. Reports
Tg
Glass content
Short term burst test report
Long term test report
9.1 Markings shall be applied on the pipe and fittings Pipes 3 locations,
within 1 m of the end. Fitting one location
9.2 All pipe and fittings shall be permanently marked with Pipes and fittings will be marked with:
details as in Para 9.2: a) Manufacturers name
a) Manufacturers name b) Not
b) Product line designation c) Qualified pressure
c) Qualified pressure d) Not
d) Temperature at which qualified pressure is e) System design pressure
determined (default is 65C). f) System design temperature
e) System design pressure g) Nominal diameter
f) System design temperature h) Manufacturers identification code
g) Nominal diameter i) Not
h) Manufacturers identification code
i) Limitations or referenced to installation requirements:
permissible bolt torque, portable water (yes/no), elec-
trical conductivity and fire performance classification.
11.4.2 Manufacturing procedure shall be provided if Not allowed by Ameron

requested by the principal
11.4.4 Production quality control reports in acc. 8.4 shall be Special Manufacturing Record Book
provided within five working days or other agreed
period

TB5 28-04-2006 13:55 Pagina 12
Group Headquarters
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393
E-mail: marcom@ameronfpd.com - Website: http://www.ameron.com

Ameron International Corporation Centron International, Inc. Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd
E-mail: info@centrongre.com E-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl Website: http://www.ameron.com.sg
Website: http://www.centrongre.com Website: http://www.ameron-fpg.nl
Industrial Applications
Reference List
for Bondstrand
Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)
Pipe Systems
General These case histories are intended to service solely as documentation of applications
of Ameron Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) Pipe products in the services shown.
The names of companies, contractor and projects are included for the sake of
completeness. Their inclusion does not imply an endorsement of Ameron products
by those parties. More extensive information is also available from Ameron, or via:
www.ameron-fpg.com.
Ameron 2007. FP 951 A 06/07 supersedes FP 951 04/06. Page 1 of 56. Printed in The Netherlands.
Company / Contractor Project Application Size Press. Country Product Series Year Remarks
JGC ADCO Bab Field Development Water (produced) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20 Abu Dhabi Bondstrand 2420 2003
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 24
JGC ADCO Bab Field Development Water (produced) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 32, 50 Abu Dhabi Bondstrand 2432, 2003
10, 12 2450
C.S.E.E. S.N.V.I. Roubia Water (potable) 14 7 Algeria Bondstrand 2000 1985
E.N.F.R. / U.E.M. Sonacome Roubia Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 14 10 Algeria Bondstrand 2210 1984
E.N.F.R. / U.E.M. Sonacome Roubia Water (potable) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 14 10 Algeria Bondstrand 2210 1984
Lockwood Corporation Ouagla 2 pilot Irrigation Water (general service) 4, 6 40 Algeria Bondstrand 450 1989
S.N.V.I. / C.V.I. Rouiba Zone Nord Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 14 3 Algeria Bondstrand 3000 1988
S.N.V.I. / C.V.I. ACNI DR/85/131/600 Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 Algeria Bondstrand 3000 1986
S.N.V.I. / C.V.I. Zone-vie surcouf Water (re mains) 3, 4 10 Algeria Bondstrand 3000, 1987
3200
Sidem Arzew Desalination 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 Algeria Bondstrand 2000 1992
Sonatrach GL1/Z Renovation Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 Algeria Bondstrand 4000, 1993
10, 12, 14, 16 3410
Sonatrach Division Petroleum T-864-GL1/Z Seawater 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10 Algeria Bondstrand 2000 1988
Chemie 20
Sonatrach Division Petroleum T-864-DE4187 Water (re mains) 4, 6, 10, 14 10 Algeria Bondstrand 2000 1988
Chemie
Sonatrach Division Production C.P.I.E. Zarzaitine Water (injection) 24 10 Algeria Bondstrand 2410 1988
Sonatrach LTG Skiksa GL 1K 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 20, 24 12 Algeria Bondstrand 3412 1999
Chevron South Nemba Firewater system Water (re) 4, 6, 8 16 Angola Bondstrand 2000M 2000
Chevron UK Cabinda Gulf Oil 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 16 Angola Bondstrand 2000M 2000
Chevron UK OR 10195 - Cabinda Gulf oil 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 16 Angola Bondstrand 2000M 2000
Petroplastic S.A. Fire Protection Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 Argentina Bondstrand 3200/L 2004
Petroplastic S.A. Fire Protection Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 Argentina Bondstrand 3200/L 2004
Coastal Aruba Rening Co. Valero Renery - Aruba Water (process) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, Aruba Bondstrand 2000LD 2003
16, 18
Alstom Power Pty NewGen Kwinana Power Station Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000, 2007
10, 12, 14 2412
Apache Varanus Island Terminal Water, Oil 2 16 Australia Bondstrand 7000 1997
Atwood Oceanics NRA & GWA Drill Rig refurbish- Drill Rig refurbishment 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 16 Australia Bondstrand 7000M 1999
ment
Bondstrong MuswellBrook De-Watering 14 40 Australia Bondstrand 2440 2006
BP Kwinana Recycle Tie-In Plant Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2004,
2005
BP Kwinana Recycle Plant Water (feed, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420 2003,
production, efuent) 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30 2004
Burrup Fertilizer Pty Ltd Burrup Fertilisers Ammonia Plant Seawater (cooling, re) 1 to 68 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410, 2003,
Polyes- 2004
ter
Burrup Fertilizer Pty Ltd Burrup Fertilisers Plant Seawater (cooling) 2 to 72 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420, 2006
Vinyles-
ter
Dampier Salt Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2000
10, 12
Golden Circle Cooling 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000 1987
12, 14, 16
INCO Goro Nickel New Caledonia Water (raw) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2005
Project 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
INCO Goro Nickel New Caledonia Slurry (conductive, 2 to 36 8 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2005
Project acidic) ter
KARETHA / Kaisor Engineers Woodside LPG Bottle Plant Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420 1995
10, 12, 14, 16
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (demineralised) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Sulphuric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 7 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 ter
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Waste 2 to 36 2 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-1 ter
Nittetu Chemicals Orica Botany Groundwater Tre- HCL (ducting) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Australia Bondstrand 4000 2005
atment
NSW Wooside LNG Train V Expansion Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2005
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20
Ravensthorpe Joint Venture Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Seawater (intake) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-5 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
BP Kwinana Recycle Tie-In Plant Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2004,
2005
BP Kwinana Recycle Plant Water (feed, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420 2003,
production, efuent) 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30 2004
Burrup Fertilizer Pty Ltd Burrup Fertilisers Ammonia Plant Seawater (cooling, re) 1 to 68 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410, 2003,
Polyes- 2004
ter
Burrup Fertilizer Pty Ltd Burrup Fertilisers Plant Seawater (cooling) 2 to 72 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420, 2006
Vinyles-
ter
Dampier Salt Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2000
10, 12
Golden Circle Cooling 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000 1987
12, 14, 16
INCO Goro Nickel New Caledonia Water (raw) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2005
Project 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
INCO Goro Nickel New Caledonia Slurry (conductive, 2 to 36 8 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2005
Project acidic) ter
KARETHA / Kaisor Engineers Woodside LPG Bottle Plant Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420 1995
10, 12, 14, 16
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (demineralised) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Sulphuric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 7 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-1 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 ter
Kireld Construction Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Waste 2 to 36 2 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-1 ter
Nittetu Chemicals Orica Botany Groundwater Tre- HCL (ducting) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Australia Bondstrand 4000 2005
atment
NSW Wooside LNG Train V Expansion Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2005
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20
Ravensthorpe Joint Venture Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Seawater (intake) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-5 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Ravensthorpe Joint Venture Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Pigging Station 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-5 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Ravensthorpe Joint Venture Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Pump Station 1 & 2 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-5 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Ravensthorpe Joint Venture Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (raw) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 10 Australia Bondstrand 2420 2006
Area-5
RCR Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-4 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
RCR Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-4 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
RCR Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (demineralised) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-4 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
RCR Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Sulphuric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 7 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-4 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 ter
RCR Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Waste 2 to 36 2 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-4 ter
SeongHwa Siemens Kogan Greek Power Cooling 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2005
Plant
Shell Cycle Renery - Thiese Engine- Waste 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000, 1990
ering 16, 18, 20, 24 2410
Shell Geelong Renery Waste, Cooling 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000 1992,
1993
Shell Geelong Crude Oil Terminal Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 6000 1992
Shell Geelong Renery - Davy McKee Waste 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000, 1990
16, 18, 20, 24 2410
Shell Cycle Renery Extension - Cen- Waste 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000, 1991
tral Control Engineering 2410
Shell Geelong Renery / Mogas Impro- Water (re, drain) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 16 Australia Bondstrand 2416, 2005
vement 18, 20, 24 2416-FM
Shell Geelong Lab Drainage System Revamp Water (waste) 2 16 Australia Bondstrand 7000M 2005
United Group Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-3 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
United Group Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-3 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
United Group Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (demineralised) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-3 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
United Group Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Sulphuric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 7 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-3 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 ter
United Group Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Waste 2 to 36 2 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-3 ter
Wapet Thevanard Island Water (produced) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Australia Bondstrand 7000 1994
Western Construction Co. Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (Process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-2 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Western Construction Co. Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-2 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Western Construction Co. Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Water (demineralised) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Australia Bondstrand 2410 2006
Area-2 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32
Western Construction Co. Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Sulphuric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 7 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-2 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 ter
Western Construction Co. Ravensthorpe Nickel Project Waste 2 to 36 2 Australia Bondstrand Vinyles- 2006
Area-2 ter
Woodside Woodside LNG Plant Tie-In Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Australia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2001
10, 12, 14
Worley Parson Shell Geelong - Segregation Waste 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Australia Bondstrand 2000 2006
Drainage 12, 14, 16
Sasakura Bahrain Petroleum Company Seawater, Drain 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14 Bahrain Bondstrand 2414 2005
(BAPCO) #5 Desalination Plant 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
HDEC AES / Haripur CCPP in Bangla- Seawater (sub- 120 6 Bangladesh Bondstrand Polyes- 2000
desh aqueous) ter
Air Products Air Products plant, Gent Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 to Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 13, 8
Air Products Air Products plant, Gent Water (re mains) 4, 8 10 Belgium Bondstrand 3414, 1989
6000
Amerplastics Amylum Aalst Water (disposal) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1991
Amerplastics Genencor Brugge Water (sewage) 32 10 Belgium Bondstrand 3410 1999
Amerplastics Inspec Antwerpen - 6, 14 12 Belgium Bondstrand 3412 1998
Amerplastics Amylum Aalst Water (disposal) 2, 3, 6 PN6 Belgium Bondstrand 2000, 1992
5000
Amerplastics Kanaalwaterleiding Centrale Water 8 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G 1997
Langerbrugge (TIB_Gent)
Amerplastics Hynas Antwerpen Water (re mains) 3, 4, 6, 10 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Amerplastics Sidmar Gent Water (intake) 1, 2, 3, 6 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Amerplastics Bayer Antwerpen Water (disposal) 10, 12, 16, 20 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G, 1999
3410
Amerplastics BRC Antwerpen Water (general service) 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12 15 Belgium Bondstrand 3410, 1998
7000
Amerplastics Brandwater project Antwerpen Water (re mains) 4, 6, 10, 12, 14 16 Belgium Bondstrand 3416- 1997
(Universal Ref/Nynas) FM,
6000-FM
Amerplastics LBC Antwerpen Water (general service) 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 12 Belgium Bondstrand 6000-FM 1998
Amerplastics Bayer Dokwater Seawater 32, 28 10 Belgium Bondstrand 3410 1998
Amerplastics Atlas Copco Water (re mains) 8 14 Belgium Bondstrand 3414 1991
Amerplastics Fuij Photo Film - 1, 2, 3 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Amerplastics Condensaatleiding Sidmar Water 3, 4 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G 1997
Amerplastics Bayer Dokwater Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G 1999
Amerplastics Sidmar Water (general service) 2, 6, 8, 10 10 Belgium Bondstrand 2000G, 1998
3410
Amerplastics Ansull Ghlin Water (re mains) 4, 8, 10 14, 12 Belgium Bondstrand 3414, 1992
2000
Amerplastics Kraftco Namen Water (re mains) 8 12 Belgium Bondstrand 6000-FM 1998
Amerplastics B.V.B.A G.T.S. Water (general service) 2, 3 12 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
Amylum River water Water (chloride) 3 4 Belgium Bondstrand 5000 1990
Ania Groosman Water (waste) 3, 4 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
Bayer Antwerp Rechteroever Water (cooling) 16 13 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1990
Bayer Antwerp Extension Fire Lines Water (re mains) 8, 16 13 Belgium Bondstrand 3412 1989
Bayer Antwerp Firewater underground Water (intake) 4 13 Belgium Bondstrand 2000, 1990
3412
Bayer Antwerp Firewater underground / rechter Water (intake) 4, 16 12 Belgium Bondstrand 2000, 1990
oever 3412
Bayer Antwerp Extension Fire Lines Water (re mains) 16 12 to Belgium Bondstrand 3412, 1989
16 3416
Coca Cola Coca Cola Wilrijk Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 8 Belgium Bondstrand 2000, 1988
3412
Ebes Firewater Belgium Water (re mains) 4, 12 24 Belgium Bondstrand 3420 1989
Ebes Rodenhuizen Ebes Firewater Water (re mains) 4, 12 10 Belgium Bondstrand 3420 1989
Electrabel Doel 3-4 Power Plant - 4, 6, 8 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1979
Electrabel Doel 4 Power Plant - 6 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1986
Electrabel Doel 3 Power Plant - 4, 6 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1987
Electrabel Doel 1-2 Power Plant - 4, 6, 12 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
Electrabel Doel 3 Power Plant - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1993
Electrabel Doel 3 Power Plant - 1, 2 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1993
Electrabel Doel 1-2 Power Plant - 6 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1993
Electrabel Doel 3 Power Plant - Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1994
Electrabel Doel 3-4 Power Plant Air (suction) 36 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1988
Electrabel Doel 3-4 Power Plant Air (suction) Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1990
Electrabel Doel 1-2 Power Plant Cooling 8 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1994
Electrabel Doel 1-2 Power Plant Water (desalination) 4, 6, 8 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1977
Electrabel Doel 3 Power Plant Water (treatment) 4, 6 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1979
Electrabel Doel 3 Power Plant Water (treatment) 6, 8, 10 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1986
Electrabel Doel 1-2-3-4 Power Plant Water (treatment) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1996,
10, 12 1997
Electrabel Doel II Power Station Water (cooling) 4, 6 20 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
Electrabel Doel 3 Nuclear Power Station Water (cooling) 2, 6, 20 10 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1990
Electrabel Doel 3 Nuclear Power Station Water (cooling) 20 10 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1992
Ibis Brugge Ibis Brugge Water (cooling) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 10 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1990
Mannesmann Carnoy Mannesmann Carnoy Water (waste) 6 25 Belgium Bondstrand 6000 1989
Marcon Marcon - 3 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
Monsanto Monsanto Water (re mains) 4, 6 6 Belgium Bondstrand 3416, 1990
6000
N.B.M. / Comprimo Kemira Water (cooling) 16 6 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1989
Oiltanking Gent Oiltanking Chemical 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Belgium Bondstrand 6000 1992
Petrochim Fina Nesta Antwerp Water (re mains) 6, 12, 14 13 Belgium Bondstrand 3416 1989
Polysar Polysar Water (sewage) 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000 1988
Rhne Poulenc Chemie Rhne Poulenc Water (cooling) 16, 20 12 Belgium Bondstrand 3412 1990
Saipem, via SMT and Amer- Zuidwende LNG Terminal, Zee- Water (re) 2 to 36 16 Belgium Bondstrand 3416 2006
plastics brugge
Shell Belgium Shell Gent Water (re mains) 6, 8 16 Belgium Bondstrand 3416 1986,
1987
Shell Gent Shell Gent Chemical 1, 4, 16 16 Belgium Bondstrand 2000, 1989
5000
U.C.B. Gent U.C.B. Gent Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 14 Belgium Bondstrand 3414, 1989
6000
BLNG Denora Permelec Chloride (skid) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 12 Brunei Bondstrand 5000 1995,
1996
Brunei JKR Diesel 2, 3, 4 12 Brunei Bondstrand 2000 1988
Brunei ELF Maharaja Lela Onshore Processing 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 12 Brunei Bondstrand 4000 1997
Plant
Brunei LNG Demin Demin Pipe 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Brunei Bondstrand 4000 1997
Brunei LNG Chlorination Plant Chloride 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Brunei Bondstrand 5000 1996
Brunei LNG Extension Line Water (waste) 4 10 Brunei Bondstrand 2006
Brunei Shell Brunei Shell Renery - Production Water (injection) 3 12 Brunei Bondstrand 2000 1983,
1985
Brunei Shell Brunei Shell Renery - Production Water (domestic) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Brunei Bondstrand 3000 1983,
12, 14, 16 1984
Brunei Shell Brunei Shell Renery - Production Water (injection - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Brunei Bondstrand 2000M 1981,
offshore unit) 12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 1983
Brunei Shell SSU/2 KB Wharf Water (domestic) 4 10 Brunei Bondstrand 2410 1996
Brunei Shell Anduki Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Brunei Bondstrand 2416, 1993
2420
Brunei Shell Petroleum Reformer Unit - Mannesmann Water (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Brunei Bondstrand 2000 1991
- Edeleanu J.V. 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28
Brunei Shell Petroleum Reformer Unit - Mannesmann Water (re) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10, 16 Brunei Bondstrand 2410, 1991
- Edeleanu J.V. 6016
Brunei Shell Petroleum Gas Plant - Mannesmann - Ede- Water (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10, 12 Brunei Bondstrand 2000, 1990
leanu J.V. 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 2410
Brunei Shell Petroleum Anduki Airport Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 16 Brunei Bondstrand 2416-FM 1993
Brunei Shell Petroleum Tungku Gas Plant Water (re, potable, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16, 20 Brunei Bondstrand 2416- 1997
sewage) FM,
2410
Brunei Shell Petroleum 70 km Firewater line Replace- Water (re) 6, 8, 10, 12 19 Brunei Bondstrand 2005
ment
AMKO Toplokacia project Water (de-carbonized) 3 10 Bulgaria Bondstrand 2000 2006
Pipe Specialties Canada Hitterites Colony - Milltown Heating (greenhouse) 3, 4, 5, 6 Canada Bondstrand 3000A 2006
Pipe Specialties Canada Hitterites Colony - Milltown Heating (greenhouse) 3, 4, 5, 6 Canada Bondstrand 3000A 2006
Industrial Composites Tech Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Chile Bondstrand 3200/L 2006
12, 14, 16
Methanex Chile LTD Fire Protection Lines - Punta Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Chile Bondstrand 3200/L 2003
Arenas, Chile
Methanex Chile LTD Fire Protection Lines - Punta Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Chile Bondstrand 3200/L 2004
Arenas, Chile
ARCO Yacheng 13-1 Gas Processing Plant - Hainan Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 China Bondstrand 2000M 1994
Island 10, 12, 14, 16
CBI Fujian LNG Terminal Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20 China Bondstrand 2420, 2006
16, 18, 20 UG
CBI Fujian LNG Terminal Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20 China Bondstrand 2420-FP, 2006
16, 18, 20 AG
Chiyoda-Technip Co-exip Sdn CSPC Shell Nanhai Petrochemi- Water (cooling, potable 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 China Bondstrand 2416 2003,
Bhd cal Plant - AG) 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 2004
Chiyoda-Technip Co-exip Sdn CSPC Shell Nanhai Petrochemi- Water (cooling), Oil 42 to 60 8 China Bondstrand Vinyles- 2003,
Bhd cal Plant (waste - UG) ter 2004
CPECC KOC GC Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 China Bondstrand 2410 1998
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20
CSPC Chiyoda-Technip Co- CSPC Shell Nanhai Petrochemi- Water (cooling), Oil 28, 30, 32, 36, 40 14 China Bondstrand 2414 2003,
exip Sdn Bhd cal Plant (waste - UG) 2004
JGC Teijin PolyCarbonate China Plant Water (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 China Bondstrand 2410 2004
10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
Ling Ao Nuclear Ling Ao Nuclear Power Plant Water (potable) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 China Bondstrand 2000 1999,
10, 12, 14, 16 2000
SB Kline Biological Plant Water (re) 2, 3, 4 China Bondstrand 3200 2000
Shenzhen LPG Storage Terminal Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 China Bondstrand 2412 1997
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Technip Sinopec - Shijiazhuong Process 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 China Bondstrand 4000, 1996,
8, 10 5000 1997
C.L.E. France Loutete cement works Water (re mains) 6 12 Congo Bondstrand 2212 1984
C.L.E. France Loutete cement works Water (potable) 6 12 Congo Bondstrand 2212 1984
Elektrotechna University, hospital, Zagreb Liquids (inamm.) 3, 4 10 Croatia Bondstrand 3000PL 1991
Sidem Curaqao Desalination Desalination 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 16 Curaqao Bondstrand 2000, 1994
20, 24, 28 2000M
Benzina a.s. Sevice Station Praha Belohorska Drain 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Praha Belohorska Drain 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1996
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Praha Podebrad- Drain 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1996
ska Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Tabor Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Protivin Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1996
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Sedleany Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1997
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Tabor Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1997
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Trebon Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1997
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Zelezna Ruda Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1997
Republic
Benzina a.s. Service Station Svata Katerina Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1996
Republic
Benzinservis Co. Service Station Tabor Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
Chernopetrol Service Station Jaromef Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
JM Tank Co. Service Station Sudomerice Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
Metalwork Zachlami Heating Oil Oil 2 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
PIK Prerov Service Station Fuel 2, 3 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1998
Republic
Pohona Co. Service Station Nesenov n / Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1996
Ploucnici Republic
Pohona Co. Service Station Dymokury Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1997
Republic
Pohona Co. Service Station Trebic Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1998
Republic
Rusicka Co. Service Station Praba Radotin Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Czech Dualoy 3000/L 1995
Republic
Diamo s.p. Diamo Straz p/Ralskem Water (disposal) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Czech Bondstrand 4000 1995, FP 347
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, Republic 1996
20, 24, 28, 30, 32
Encent Karlovy Vary Spa Karlovy Vary Air (suction) 6 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1997
Republic
Encent Karlovy Vary Heating Plant Condensate 1, 2 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1997
Republic
Encent Karlovy Vary Karlova Vary Condensate 2 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1998
Republic
Encent Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary Heating (district) 3 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1998
Republic
Encent Karlovy Vary Karlovy Vary Chemical (sewage) 4 5 Czech Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Republic
IZO Boretice Nejdek Condensate 1, 2 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1997
Republic
IZO Boretice Power Station Hodonin Condensate 1 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1997
Republic
IZO Boretice Nejdek Condensate 2 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1998
Republic
IZO Boretice Power Station Hodonin Condensate 2, 3 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1998
Republic
JGC Corporation Power Station Kolin Desulphurization 1 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1996
Republic
Kutnohorska a.s. Power Station Kolin Condensate 6 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1998
Republic
Kutnohorska a.s. Power Station Kolin Heating (district) 2, 3 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1996
Republic
Kutnohorska a.s. Power Station Kolin Heating (district) 1 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1997
Republic
Power Station Tisova Desulphurisation Condensate (drain) 4 Czech Bondstrand 4000 1996
Republic
Zefyr Condensate line Nejdek Condensate 2, 5 16 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2004
Republic
Zefyr Condensate Line Condensate 1 16 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2005
Republic
Zefyr Vresova Sodium (hydroxide) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 5 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2005
Republic
Zefyr Condensate line Sokolov Steam condensate 2, 3 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2006
Republic
Zefyr Karlovy Vary Water 1, 2 16 Czech Bondstrand 2000 1997
Republic
Zefyr Prague Castle - cooling line Water 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 10 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2006
Republic
Zefyr Chemical sewage Jiretin Water (chemicals) 4, 6, 8, 12 1 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2005
Republic
Zefyr District Heating Water (geothermal) 3 8 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2004
Republic
Zefyr District heating Water (geothermal) 6 6 Czech Bondstrand 2000 2005
Republic
Zefyr Litvinov Renery - oily water Water (oily) 3, 4 40 Czech Bondstrand 3440 2006
project Republic
Zefyr Chimney Condensate Drain Condensate (drain) 4 1 Czech Bondstrand 4000 1997
Republic
Zefyr Heating plant Pribram Gypsum slurry 2 10 Czech Bondstrand 4000 2006
Republic
Zefyr Chemical line - Kaucuk Kralupy Serum (circulating) 2, 3, 4 16 Czech Bondstrand 4000 2004
Republic
Zefyr Chemical line - Kaucuk Kralupy Serum (circulating) 2, 3, 4 16 Czech Bondstrand 4000 2005
Republic
Zefyr Chemical drainage Akuma Sulphuric acid (50%) 4, 6 16 Czech Bondstrand 4000 2006
Republic
Zefyr Chemical drainage Akuma Sulphuric acid (50%) 4, 6 16 Czech Bondstrand 4000 2006
Republic
Zefyr Litvinov Renery - oily water Water (oily) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 16 Czech Bondstrand 7000 2006
project Republic
Zefyr Litvinov Renery Water (re, oily) 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 16 Czech Bondstrand 2000, 2000
Republic 3410
Zefyr Ostrava Coal Mine - cave 3 Water (chemicals) 12 16, 40, Czech Bondstrand 3416, 2005
70 Republic 3440,
3470
Zefyr Ostrava Coal Mine - cave 1 Water (chemicals) 8 25, 40 Czech Bondstrand 3425, 2005
Republic 3440
Amoco / Gupco EGG 93 2014 Water (re mains) 16 12 Egypt Bondstrand 3412 1993
ENPPI Transgulf Gas Component Project Seawater 6, 8, 12 12 Egypt Bondstrand 3412 1993
ENPPI Gasco Western Desert Gas Water (brackish) 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 15 Egypt Bondstrand 3414 1998
Complex
GS Engineering Egypt Liner Alkalene Benzene Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 Egypt Bondstrand 2006
Plant 12, 14, 16, 18
Petrobel Belayim Petroleum Wadi Ferrain project Water (well transport) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 17 Egypt Bondstrand 2000, 1988
Co. 3000
Petrobel Oil Company Sidri Water Injection Plant Seawater 2, 6, 12 16 Egypt Bondstrand 3416 1998
Petrobel Oil Company Petrobel Water injection plant B Seawater 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 6, 2 Egypt Bondstrand 2000G 1998
14, 24
Petrojet Egypt Tarek Gas plant - Lihalda Petr. Water (re) 4 13 Egypt Bondstrand 3414 2001
Camp
Phoceenne ENPPI Fire Water Line Water (re mains) 4, 6, 10 16 Egypt Bondstrand 3416 1998
Fletcher Smith Sulphur station spares - 6 16 Ethiopia Bondstrand 2000G 1997
B.P. France Gerzat project Water (re mains) 4, 8 14 France Bondstrand 3200 1986
Bouygues Offshore Service Tila Water (re mains) 2, 3 11 France Bondstrand 2000 1989
C.F.E.M.-Le Havre Seawater project Seawater 6 12 France Bondstrand 3000 1987
City of Coulomniers / SBPI Geothermie Coulomniers Water (geothermal) 4 8 France Bondstrand 2000 1987
E.D.F. Marseille E.D.F.-C.R.T.T. Water (potable) 10, 12 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1988
EDF / SMT Climespace Water (chilled) 8, 10, 12, 14 14 France Bondstrand 3400 1994
Europipe DCN Brest - 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 France Bondstrand 2000M 1998
Filtest Gyane Kourou chilled Waterline Water (chilled) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 3 France Bondstrand 2000G 1996
Geoservice Fire water line Water (re mains) 2, 6 12 France Bondstrand 6000 1995
Impal Industries Pergaz Heating (district) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
Indis Geothermal water Heating (district) 4, 8 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
Licome Sarl MAS - 013/91 Water (general service) 4 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
MTT Expansion Fire main Water (re mains) 4, 6 12 France Bondstrand 6000-FM 1994
Otip Chemical line Mulhouse Chemical 2 10 France Bondstrand 4000 1991
Ponticelli Expansia - Fire Water Water (re mains) 2, 4, 6 12 France Bondstrand 6000 1995
S.B.P.I. Sogara Seawater 1, 2, 10, 12, 14, 16 12 France Bondstrand 2000M, 1991
6000
S.N.E.A. Abrasive oil spools Oil (transport) 4 15 France Bondstrand 6000 1989
S.T.C.L. Centrale electrique Dunkerque Water (cooling) 2 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1989
S.T.C.L. Norselor Dunkerque Water (sewage) 12 2 France Bondstrand 2000 1988
S.T.C.L. Steel Plate Plant / Seawater lines Water (cooling) 6 16 France Bondstrand 2416 1987
S.T.C.L. Norselor Dunkerque Water (re mains) 3, 4, 12 12 France Bondstrand 6000 1989
SBPI CIP- Elf Sea water line Seawater 1, 4 12 France Bondstrand 2000 1994
Shell Shell Berre Water (sewage) 2, 12 7 France Bondstrand 2000 1993
Sidem St. Martin Desalination 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1990
Sidem UI/1232/001 Desalination 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1992
12, 14, 16
Sidem 92501/UI/1230 Desalination 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1995
Sidem 94402/CM Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 France Bondstrand 2000 1996
Sidem Saint - Barthlmy Desalination 3, 4, 5, 6 12 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
Sidem SAT/11604/CM Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 France Bondstrand 2000 1996
10, 12, 14
Sidem GRIG Seawater 1, 8 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1994
Sidem La Reunion desalting unit Seawater (destilation) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1988
Sidem UI/91517 Water (general service) 3, 4 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1992
Sidem Yadana Water (salt) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1997
Sidem Curaqao Desalination Desalination 2, 28 12 France Bondstrand 2000, 1995
3400
Sidem Job 965070 ST Berthelemy Water (salt) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 6 France Bondstrand 2000, 2001
12 2000G
Sidem Peng Hu - 2, 3, 4, 6 16 France Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Sidem Adolfo Lopez Power Station Desalination 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 France Bondstrand 2000M 1991
12, 14
Sidem Qapco Seawater 1, 16 1 France Bondstrand 2000M 1995
Socomine Extraction of heat from deep Water (geothermal) 8, 10 16 France Bondstrand 3416 1997
rocks
T.E.V. La Mede Reneri Water (re mains) 6, 8 16 France Bondstrand 3416 1994
Torreador, via SBPI Transport line Oil (transport) 4 40 France Bondstrand 3440 2006
Total Total Montimirail Crude Oil (transport) 3, 4, 5, 6 35 France Bondstrand 800 1987
Wanner Iso HVAC Belfort Heating (district) 2, 3 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
Wanner Iso HVAC Beaucourt Heating (district) 2, 3, 4 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
Wanner Iso HVAC St. Avold Heating (district) 2, 3, 4 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1991
Wanner Iso HVAC Offement Heating (district) 2, 3, 4 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1992
Wanner Iso HJM Belfort Heating (district) 3, 4, 5, 6 10 France Bondstrand 2000 1994
Wanner Iso Reseaux sanitaire Nantes Water (sanitary) 2, 3 4 France Bondstrand 2000 1989
Wanner Iso Aeroport de Bordeaux Water (general service) 8 3 France Bondstrand 2000, 1990
3412
EWE (Ems Wese Elbegebiet) Rudersdorf Heckelberg Water 18 17 Germany Bondstrand 3400 2002 FP 902
Kirchhof-Heine Strassenbau Fraport, Frankfurt Airport Cable duct 4, 8 Germany Bondstrand 3400 2005 FP 882
GmbH & Co.
Lurgi Oel - Gas Chemie GmbH Methanex Train IV - Methanol Water (re mains) 4, 6, 10 and 2 to 72 10, 16 Germany Bondstrand 3410, 2004 FP 886
Plant 3416
Unterhaching Geothermie AG, Unterhaching Geothermie Water (geothermal), 14 25 Germany Bondstrand 2425 2006
via Kusimex Heating (district)
Motherwell Bridge Ghaip Renery Tema Chlorination 2 8 Ghana Bondstrand 2000 1992
Motherwell Bridge Constr. U.K. Ghaip oil renery Seawater 3, 4, 5, 6 10 Ghana Bondstrand 2000 1987
Gemee Mining Development Mining Development Water (geothermal) 6, 10 50 Greece Bondstrand 3450 1992
Study
London overseas / Guyana Riser pipe Water (potable) 4 10 Guyana Bondstrand 2000 1986
water (Brittish)
London overseas / Guyana Water well casing Water (potable) 10, 16 12 Guyana Bondstrand 2212 1984,
water (Brittish) 1986
P.P.I. Brede / Guyana water E.D.F. project Water (well casing) 6, 10, 16 16 Guyana Bondstrand 3400 1990
(Brittish)
Filtest Cnes Kuru Water (chilled) 3, 6 10 Guyana Bondstrand 2000G 1998
(French)
Filtest Cnes Kuru Water (chilled) 3 10 Guyana Bondstrand 2000G 1998
(French)
Filtest Cnes Kuru Water (chilled) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 10 Guyana Bondstrand 2000G 1998
(French) (Pre-In-
sulated)
Amerplastics Kaurau (French Guyana) Water (general service) 3, 4, 5, 6 16 Guyana Bondstrand 2000G 1999
(French)
Chevalier San Wai Waste Treatment 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 2000 1991
Piping 12, 14
Chevalier (Envirotech) Limited China Light & Power Plant Seawater (ejector) 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 4000 2003
Chevalier (Envirotech) Limited China Light & Power Plant Seawater (ejector) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 4000 2005
Chevalier (Envirotech) Limited China Light & Power Plant Sodium (hypochlorite) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 5000 2003
Chevalier (Envirotech) Limited China Light & Power Plant Sodium (hypochlorite) , 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 5000 2005
Clough ARCO Receiving Terminal Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Hong Kong Bondstrand 2000M 1995
HK Electric Power Station Waste 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 2000 1988
Lama Power Station Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Hong Kong Bondstrand 2000 1994
EFEN Kft. Aquaplus - district heating Water (geothermal) 6 6 Hungary Bondstrand 3410 2005
EFEN Kft. Geothermal Line Water (geothermal) 6 10 Hungary Bondstrand 3410 2005
ISH / Aquaplus Kistelek geothermal project Water (geothermal) 6 10 Hungary Bondstrand 3410 2006
Zalaegerszeg - EFEN District Heating Water (geothermal) 8 6 Hungary Bondstrand 3410 2004 FP 938
Clough Lakshmi Field Phase 1 Develop- Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12 India Bondstrand 2000 2001,
ment 14, 16 2002
Reliance Industries Limited KGD6 Development Drain 36 14 India Bondstrand 2414 2007
Reliance Industries Limited KGD6 Development Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20 India Bondstrand 2420-FM 2007
16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 30
Reliance Industries Limited KGD6 Development Brine 8, 10, 12 20 India Bondstrand 2420-FM 2007
Reliance Petroleum Ltd Slop Line Oil (slop) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 20 India Bondstrand 2420-C 2001,
10 2002
ABB PT Energi Sengkang 1 x 135 MW Seawater (main, 24, 36 10 Indonesia Bondstrand 2410 1997
Combined Cycled Power Plant in cooling)
Sulawesi
Amosea Anoa Water (ood, injection) 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1989
Asamera Corridor Block Gas Project Water (produced) 3 Indonesia Centron SP 1250 1997
Banjarmasin Banjarmasin Power Plant Unit # 1 Seawater (cooling) 56 Indonesia Bondstrand Polyes- 1998
& 2 (Asam Asam Unit # 1 & 2) ter
Bontang LNG Plant Seawater (well) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 3000 1981
Chiyoda Bontang LNG Train E Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000, 1988,
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2412 1989
20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36
Cilacap Pertamina Renery Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1995,
10, 12, 14, 16 1996
Conoco Fuel (jet) 2 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1986,
1990
EXXONMOBIL Arun Revamp Onshore plant in Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 14 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000, 2003
North Sumatra 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2414
20, 24
Hudbay Cooling 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1987
Huffco Waste 16 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1983
JEL Tarahan Coal Fired PP Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 2006
8, 10
Kodeco Gunanusa Water (potable, cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1990
Maxus Inert Gas (cooling) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1984,
1989
P.T. Arun LNG plant in Lhokseumawe Water (services) 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1983
P.T. Badak Bontang Water (potable) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1992,
1993
P.T. Badak Water (potable) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Indonesia Bondstrand 6000 1989
12, 14
P.T. Caltex Duri Brine (supply) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1990
P.T. Caltex Duri Brine (return) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1991
P.T. Caltex Rumbai Oil (crude) 8 32 Indonesia Bondstrand 2432 1989
P.T. Conoco Oil (crude) 8 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2412 1990
P.T. IKPT / Ameradas Hess Ujung Pangkah Project Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000M- 2006
12, 14, 16 FP
P.T. IKPT / Chiyoda Train F Water Well Water (potable) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Indonesia Bondstrand 6000 1992,
12, 14, 16 1993
P.T. Indo Rayon Pulp N Paper Mill Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1987
P.T. Maxus Chloride 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1991
P.T. Petrokimia Petrokimia in Gresik Phosphoric acid 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1996
P.T.Continental / Sembawang Carbon Black Plant Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1989
Engineering
Paiton Paiton Power Plant Unit # 7 & 8 Sulphuric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1997
(SWASTA I)
Pertamina Pertamina Renery Water (cooling, waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1983,
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 1985
Pertamina NPK Project Phosphoric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1999
8, 10
Pertamina Balikpapan Renery Sulphuric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 2002
Pertamina Balikpapan Renery Seawater (cooling) 20 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 2007
Pertamina Cilacap Desalination Plant Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 14 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000, 1998
10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 2414
PKP Gresik Phosphoric Acid Plant Process 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1988
PT Amoco Mitsui No.1 Merak PTA Plant Seawater (desalination) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 14 Indonesia Bondstrand 2414 1996
-Chiyoda/Aqua Chem USA 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 24, 28, 30
PT Badak Bontang LNG Train A Revamp Seawater (cooling) 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 16 Indonesia Bondstrand 2416 1996
30, 32, 36
PT Badak Bontang LNG Train B Revamp Seawater (cooling) 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 16 Indonesia Bondstrand 2416 1996
30, 32, 36
PT Badak LNG Train E Debottlenecking Seawater (cooling) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 16 Indonesia Bondstrand 2416 1999
18, 20, 24, 28, 30,
32, 36
PT Caltex DSF Slurry Fracture Injection Line Brine (injection) 8 Indonesia Bondstrand 450 2001
PT Chandra Asri Polyethlene Plant in Merak Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000M 1996
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 24, 28, 30, 32
PT IKPT/Chiyoda Bontang LNG Train F Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000, 1992
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2412
20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36
PT IKPT/Chiyoda Bontang LNG Train G Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000, 1995,
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2412 1996
20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36
PT Krakatau Steel Mill Plant Hydrochloric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 4000 1999
PT Metito Indonesia Tuban Petrochemical Waste Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 2005
Treatment Plant 10, 12, 14, 16
PT Metito Indonesia Banjarmasin Water Treatment Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 4000 1999
Plant 10, 12, 14, 16
PT Metito Indonesia Banjarmasin Water Treatment Seawater (cooling) 18, 20, 24 7 Indonesia Bondstrand Polyes- 1999
Plant ter
PT Petrocentral Petrocentral Plant Phosphoric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 2002
PT Petrocentral Petrocentral in Gresik Phosphoric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1992,
1993
PT Petrokimia Petrokimia in Gresik Phosphoric acid 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 1999
12, 14
PT Petrokimia NPK Project Phosphoric acid 10 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 2000
PT Petrokimia RFO PF1 Plant Project Phosphoric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 5000 2004
10, 12, 14, 16, 18
PT Polysindo PTA Plant in Karawang Offgas 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Indonesia Bondstrand 5100 1996
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 24, 28, 30, 32
PT Sentra Sintetikajaya SBR Plant in Merak Seawater (intake, 36 10 Indonesia Bondstrand 2410 1997
marine jetty)
PT Sentra Sintetikajaya SBR Plant in Merak Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000, 1996
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2410
20, 24
PT Shimizu Corporation Tangguh LNG No.1 & 2 Train in Water (produced, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 2006
Irian Jaya waste)
PT Tripatra in North Sumatra MOBIL NSO A Onshore Seawater (cooling) 4, 5 ,6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 10 Indonesia Bondstrand 2410 1997
16, 18, 20, 24, 28
Pupuk Kujang Putra Water (waste, re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1988
Sasakura - Tangguh LNG No.1 & 2 Train in Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20 Indonesia Bondstrand 2420 2006
Irian Jaya 8, 10
Unocal Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 2000 1984,
1989
Wayang Windu Wayang Windu Geothermal Plant Water (produced) 8 12 Indonesia Bondstrand 1996
in Bandung - Special 8 Mandrel,
ends to suit Victaulic exible cou-
pling design style 75
HDEC AGIP Iran South Pars Phase 4/5 Water (re, sea), Drain 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 10 Iran Bondstrand 2410 2002,
Above and Underground Piping 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 2003
30, 32
HDEC Total Iran South Pars Phase 2/3 Water (re, sea), Drain 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25 Iran Bondstrand 2425 1999,
Above and Underground Piping 18, 20, 24 2000
HDEC AGIP Iran South Pars Phase 4/5 Water (re, sea), Drain 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 25 Iran Bondstrand 2425 2002,
Above and Underground Piping 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 2003
32, 36
HDEC Total Iran South Pars Phase 2/3 Water (re, sea), Drain 4 32 Iran Bondstrand 2432 1999,
Above and Underground Piping 2000
HDEC AGIP Iran South Pars Phase 4/5 Water (re, sea), Drain 4 32 Iran Bondstrand 2432 2002,
HDEC Total Iran South Pars Phase 2/3 Water (re, sea), Drain 1, 1, 2, 3 16 Iran Bondstrand 2000M 1999,
HDEC AGIP Iran South Pars Phase 4/5 Water (re, sea), Drain 1, 1, 2, 3 Iran Bondstrand 2000M 2002,
OIEC/LG Engn & Construction Iran South Pars Phase 9/10 Water (re, sea), Drain 4 to 40 10 Iran Bondstrand 2410 2005
Above and Underground Piping
OIEC/LG Engn & Construction Iran South Pars Phase 9/10 Water (re, sea), Drain 1, 1, 2, 3 16 Iran Bondstrand 2000M 2005
OIEC/LG Engn & Construction Iran South Pars Phase 9/10 Water (re, sea), Drain 4 16, 18 Iran Bondstrand 2005
OIEC/LG Engn & Construction Iran South Pars Phase 9/10 Water (re, sea), Drain 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 16, 18 Iran Bondstrand 2005
Above and Underground Piping 18, 20, 24, 28, 30,
32, 36
Sasakura Iran South Pars Phase 6/7/8 Seawater, Drain 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 Iran Bondstrand Cyclic 2004,
Desalination Plant 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 2005
TEC/JGC/DIC/IDRO Iran South Pars Phase 6/7/8 Seawater, Drain 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16 Iran Bondstrand Cyclic 2004,
Above and Underground Piping 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2005
20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36
TEC/JGC/DIC/IDRO Iran South Pars Phase 6/7/8 Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 20 Iran Bondstrand Cyclic 2004,
Above and Underground Piping 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2005
20, 24
Johnson & Johnson Ireland Pharmaceutical plant Sewage 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 16 Ireland Bondstrand 4000 2006
Agip Renery Agip Plaas Livorno Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 8 Italy Bondstrand 6000 1992
Danfer SRL Cooling Plant Water 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 10 Italy Bondstrand 5000 1998
Enel Italy Lardarello geothermal gas proj. Water (geothermal) 12 25 Italy Bondstrand 3425 1988
Enichem 810416/DIR/EMAP RSG 2 Chemical 3, 4 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1997
Enichem GB/63805383/00/07 Chemical 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1997
Enichem Brindisi Water (waste) 2, 6 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1995
Enichem Petro-chem Water (waste) 2, 4 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1995
Enichem Petrochemical Plant Water 2 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1996
Enichem Polimeri SRL MDI plant Brindisi Water (geothermal) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 8 Italy Bondstrand 2000 1991
Enichem SPA Petrochemical Chemical 2, 3, 4, 6 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1996
Enichem SPA Petrochemical Chemical 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 10 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1997
Enichem Spa Petrochemical Plant Chemical 3, 4, 6 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1998
Enichem Spa Petrochemical Plant Chemical 2, 3, 4, 6 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1998
Enichem Spa 2, 3, 4, 8 Italy Bondstrand 4000 2000
Enichem Spa 620042775 2, 4, 6 12 Italy Bondstrand 4000 2000
Enichem Spa Petrochemical 3, 4 12 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1999
ERG Renery - Arquata Arquata renery depot Water (re mains) 8, 10 7 Italy Bondstrand 3200- 1991
PLII
Italtechnica srl Petrochemical - 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 12 Italy Bondstrand 4000 1998
Nuova Metalplastica Agip Plas Livorno Renery Water (re mains) 3, 4, 8, 10 16 Italy Bondstrand 6000 1993
Patterson Candy Int. Khargh stage IIb Water (general service) 3 10 Italy Bondstrand 5000 1987
Snam Oleodotti Fegino depot re water testline Water (re mains) 6, 16 16 Italy Bondstrand 3416, 1991
2000
Technoerg Arguata Scrivia Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 12 Italy Bondstrand 3200, 1992
6000
Alcan Taihan Alcan Taihan Aluminium Plant Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Korea Bondstrand 6000-FM 2001
Nam Hai Chemical Phosphoric Acid Plant Process (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Korea Bondstrand 5000 1981,
12, 14, 16 1982
Samsung Electronics Plant Samsung Electronics Plant Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Korea Bondstrand 2416-FM 1999
Sunkyong Chemical PTA / DMT Plant Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Korea Bondstrand 2410 1999
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Sunkyong Chemical PTA / DMT Plant Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Korea Bondstrand 5020 1989
cooling) 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Daelim KOC GC-15 Kuwait Renery Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Kuwait Bondstrand 2410 2001
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Daelim KOC GC-25 Kuwait Renery Process 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 25 Kuwait Bondstrand 2425 1999
12, 14, 16
Daelim KOC GC-15 Kuwait Renery Process 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 25 Kuwait Bondstrand 2425 2001
12, 14, 16
Daelim KOC Efuent Water Disposal Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10 Kuwait Bondstrand 2004
Plants - Pipeline & Inplant Facili-
ties
Daelim KOC Efuent Water Disposal Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 16 Kuwait Bondstrand 2004
ties
Daelim KOC Efuent Water Disposal Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 24 Kuwait Bondstrand 2004
ties
HHI KOC Crude Oil Terminal Water (produced, re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 Kuwait Bondstrand 2006
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
HHI KOC Crude Oil Terminal Water (produced, re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 25 Kuwait Bondstrand 2006
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Italian Navy / Smig Nato Gaeta Water (re mains) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Kuwait Bondstrand 3416 1988
K.N.P.C. Wafra Water Wells Water (brackish) 8 18 Kuwait Bondstrand 3200 1995
K.O.C. Spares Water (waste) 6 14 Kuwait Bondstrand 3414 1996
K.S.C. Mina Al Ahmadi Water (sulfurous) 3, 4, 6, 8 12 Kuwait Bondstrand 4000 1995
KNPC Mina Al-Ahmadi Renari Water (Potable) 4 10 Kuwait Bondstrand 4000 1995
Kuwait Oil Company Fire mains - GBL - 00077 Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 20 Kuwait Bondstrand 3420 1991
Kuwait Oil Company Fire mains - GBL - 00075 Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8 20 Kuwait Bondstrand 3420 1991
Kuwait Oil Company Desalination Facilities Phase II Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 32, 14 Kuwait Bondstrand 2000, 1992
10, 12 3400
Kuwait Oil Company Upgrading Desalination Facilities Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16, 20 Kuwait Bondstrand 2000, 1992
10, 12 3400
Kuwait Oil Company Upgrading Desalination Facilities Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 32, 20, Kuwait Bondstrand 2000, 1992
8, 10 12 3400
Kuwait Oil Company / Bosco K.O.C. desalters phase III Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3 Kuwait Bondstrand 2000 1990
Italy
Kuwait Oil Company KSC Al-Tameer GDL-00002 Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Kuwait Bondstrand 2000, 1992
10, 12 3420
Kuwait Oil Company KSC Al-Tameer Desalination 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Kuwait Bondstrand 2000, 1993
10, 12 3420
Nouri Industrial Est. Re-inforcement of Desalter Drain Water (drain) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 10 Kuwait Bondstrand 2000 1998
lines and Brackisch Water lines
at GC-17
SKEC KOC Facilities Upgrade and Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15 Kuwait Bondstrand 2006
Relocation of UG Process Piping 12, 14, 16
- GCs 1,2,9,10,11,16,17,19,20,22
& Booster Station 170 (Group B)
SKEC KOC Facilities Upgrade and Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 34 Kuwait Bondstrand 2006
Relocation of UG Process Piping
- GCs 1,2,9,10,11,16,17,19,20,22
& Booster Station 170 (Group B)
Logs-Au PVAS Latvenergo Thermo Power 4 10 Latvia Bondstrand 3410 2002
Station - 2
Agaco Messla salt water disposal Water (produced) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000 1989
10, 12, 16
Agaco Messla salt water disposal Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 16 10 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1989
AGIP JGC WAFA Desert Plant Seawater (re, winning) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Libya Bondstrand 2416, 2002,
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2410, LP 2003
20, 24 600
Agoco Sagir watertank project Water (potable) 4 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1988
Agoco Gosp 4&102D Nafoora Water (injection) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 1225 Libya Bondstrand 3412, 1996
14, 16, 18, 20, 24 3416,
3425
Azzawiya Oil Renery Co. Azzawiya Oil Renery Co. - 1, 2, 6, 12 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000 1988
Azzawiya Oil Renery Co. Azzawiya Oil Renery Co. - 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000 1989
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 24
Azzawiya Oil Renery Co. Natpetco plant Seawater (intake) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000 1989
10, 12, 16
Bonatti / S.O.C. Assamoud gas facility Water (re mains) 6 12, 14 Libya Bondstrand 3412, 1990
3414
Daewoo Engn & Construction WAFA Desert Plant Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 16 Libya Bondstrand 2416 2003
Geoservice Fire Water Line Water (re mains) 6 12 Libya Bondstrand 6000 1995
Geoservice / P.U.K. Geoservice Project Water (re mains) 1, 6 10 Libya Bondstrand 6000, 1993
2000
HDEC Attahaddy Petrochemical Plant Water (produced) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Libya Bondstrand 2000 2001,
2002
HDEC Attahaddy Petrochemical Plant Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 Libya Bondstrand 6000-FM 2001,
2002
HDEC - GECOL ZAWIA CCPP Water (sub-aqueous, 104 3 Libya Bondstrand Polyes- 2005
sea) ter
HDEC - GECOL ZAWIA CCPP Seawater (onshore, 6 to 88 10 Libya Bondstrand Polyes- 2005
- B&W) ter
Hyundai Eng. & Constr. Misurata power / desal.project Water (supply) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000 1990
18
Joannou & Paraskevaides Ltd. Zueitina Chemical (hypochlorite) 1, 2 10 Libya Bondstrand 5000 1990
Kidde Italia Extension Repsol Lybia Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Libya Bondstrand 3414-FM 2006
Man GHH Ol & Gas GmbH 34 Gas Transmission pipeline Water (re mains) 3, 4, 6 12 Libya Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Medoil HEB 80375 Water (general service) 2, 3, 4 16 Libya Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Oasis Oil Co. Gialo project Water (re mains) 4, 6 16 Libya Bondstrand 3412, 1986
3416
Oasis Oil Co. Gialo project Crude Oil (transport) 4, 6 Libya Bondstrand
Phoceenne UK Ltd Sirte Oil Co. LIJ 01 6115 Seawater (cooling) 6, 12, 16 6 Libya Bondstrand 4000 2001
S.O.C / Medoil SOC-RQ-0-0392 Chemical (waste) 10 10 Libya Bondstrand 4000 1990
S.O.C. Raguba Water (sewage) 14 10 Libya Bondstrand 1414 1986
S.O.C. Sahl gas project Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 0 Libya Bondstrand 200, 450 1987
S.O.C. SOC-RQ-0-0345 Chemical (waste) 2 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000, 1991
4000
S.O.C. / C.T.I.P. Gas transm.pipeline eld Water (re mains) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Libya Bondstrand 2000, 1990
3416
Sirte Oil Co. LPG Storage Ext. Marsa El Brega Water (re mains) 6, 10, 14 14 Libya Bondstrand 3414 1993
Spel Eng. Rnad Crombie Water 8 10 Libya Bondstrand 2000 1990
T.C.B. JP-28/ Respol - Zawia Terminal Drain 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 10 Libya Bondstrand 3410 1997
Umm Al-Jawaby Oil Service HEB 70087 - 4, 8 16 Libya Bondstrand 4000 1997
Co. Ltd
Umm Al-Jawaby Oil Service HEB 8802/1 - 6, 14 16 Libya Bondstrand 2000G 1997
Co. Ltd
Waha Oil Co. Samah Camp Water (re mains) 6 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1989
Waha Oil Co. Samah gas plant Water (re mains) 4 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1989
Waha Oil Co. Zaggat site Water (re mains) 4 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1990
Waha Oil Co. Samah camp Water (re mains) 4 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1990
Waha Oil Co. Essider Tank Farm Water (re mains) 4, 6 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1996
Waha Oil Co. Salt water Water (salt) 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Libya Bondstrand 3412 1988
Zuetina Oil Co. Fidaa plant Water (raw) 6, 8, 10 14 Libya Bondstrand 3414 1987
Bintulu Port Authority Water (re, raw) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416-FM 1996
Dagangan Dagangan Terminal Tawau Water (re) 10, 12 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416-FM 1996
EPMI Sludge Catcher Water (produced) 3 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1996
Equator Engineering SSAA Power Station Acid, Demin, Waste 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1997,
10, 12, 14, 16 5000 1998
JGC MRR Project Water (waste, drain, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 10, 20 Malaysia Bondstrand 2410, 2001,
re) 16, 18, 20, 24 2420-FM 2002
JGC / Kellogg MLNG II Plant Drain (waste, cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1993
10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
JGC / Kellogg MLNG II Plant Chloride 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 5000 1993
10, 12, 14
JGC / Kellogg MLNG II Plant Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Malaysia Bondstrand 2420-FM 1993
10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
JGC Japan Shell MDS Plant Water (waste, potable) 2 to 40 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1990
2410
JGC Japan Shell MDS Plant Water (re, cooling) 16, 18, 20 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416- 1989
FM,
2000
JGC Kellog MLNG Tiga Drain (AOC, COC) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1999,
2410 2001
JGC Kellog MLNG Tiga Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 20 Malaysia Bondstrand 2420-FM 1999,
16, 18, 20 2001
Lurgi AG Petronas PML Project Water (cooling, re) 2 to 64 10, 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2410, 2006
2416,
LDVE
MAE Engineering MLNG Annex & Lab.Building Waste 2, 3, 4 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 2003
Malaysia LNG Plant Malaysia LNG Plant Water (chlorinated sea) 12, 14 Malaysia Bondstrand 5000 1986
Malaysia LNG Plant Malaysia LNG Plant Chloride 14 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 5000 1991
MLNG Dua NaOCl Line / Rahabco NaOCl 2 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 5000 2006
MLNG Dua De-bottlenecking Project Water (re ghting) 8, 14 20 Malaysia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2006
MRC / Chiyoda Chiyoda PSR II Drain 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1996
18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 2410,
32, 36 2412
MTBE PDH Plant Drain (AOC, COC) 2 to 36 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2410, 1999
2412
MTBE PDH Plant Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416-FM 1999
12, 14, 16
MTBE Malaysia JBA Underground waterline Water 12 10 Malaysia Bondstrand 2410 2005
Petronas Carigali Resak Onshore Gas Terminal Water (service) 2 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1996,
1997
Petronas Carigali Sabah OGT Water (re, drain, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1996,
waste) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2410 1997
20, 24
Petronas Carigali Resak Onshore Gas Terminal AOC, Waste, Drain 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2412, 1996,
20, 24, 28 2410 1997
Petronas Carigali Resak Onshore Gas Terminal Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416-FM 1998
Petronas Gas Kertih Demin - HCL 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 4000 1996,
1997
Petronas Gas Centralized Utility Facility (CUF) Water (raw) 20 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416 1999
Petronas Gas Centralized Utility Facility (CUF) Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416-FM 1999
Petronas MITCO Japan MRR Project Electrochlorination unit 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 4000 2004
Petronas Penapisan Efuent 24 12, 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2412, 1998
2416
Projass Engineering Melaka Combined Cycle Conver- Demin, acid, waste 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1997
sion Project 10, 12, 14, 16 5000
Protank Technologies Bulk Fuel Military Installation Fuel (jet) 6, 8 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416 2006
Tudm Gong Kedak
Ranhill Engineers & Construc- MLNG III Sludge Catcher AOC, COC, Drain 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2412 2001,
tors 18, 20 2002
Ranhill Engineers & Construc- MLNG III Sludge Catcher Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 Malaysia Bondstrand 2420-FM 2001,
tors 12, 14 2002
Sabah Forest Industries Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1986
Sabah Forest Industries Water (re, expansion) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1991
Sabah Forest Industries Chemical 24 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 5000 1995
(Hetron)
Sarawak Electricity Corp Power Station Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1989
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 2000M
24, 28, 30, 32
Sasakura Japan MLNG RH-1800 T/D x 2 Desali- Seawater 1, 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 2001
nation Plant 12, 14, 16 2420
SESCO ( Sarawak Power Seawater (cooling) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1992,
Station ) 1993
Setaracita Malacca LPG Product , 1, 1 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 2006
Shell MDS Plant Expansion Project Water (re ghting) 6, 8, 10, 12 16 Malaysia Bondstrand 2416 2006
Shell Port Dickson Shell Port Dickson Jetty Waste (discharge) 18, 24 10 Malaysia Bondstrand 2410 1992
Shell Port Dickson Shell Port Dickson Renery Water (feed, re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1983,
12, 14, 16 6000-FM 1987
Shell Sarawak Shell Sarawak Renery Sewage 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1984
Shell Sarawak Shell Sarawak Renery Efuent 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1987
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 2410
Shell Sarawak Shell Sarawak Renery Water (river, cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000, 1988
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 2410
SSB B Stab Plant, PEF - JV Drain (waste) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 10 Malaysia Bondstrand 2410 1994,
20, 24 1995
SSB B Stab Plant, PEF - JV Water (re) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 Malaysia Bondstrand 2420-FM 1994,
20, 24 1995
Temmenggor Dam Cooling 8 Malaysia Bondstrand 800 1983
VCMSB Kerth Vinyl Chloride HCL 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16, 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000M, 1998
Monomer (KVCM) 10, 12 4000
Wescon Asia Kelang Power Station Vent 10 12 Malaysia Bondstrand 2000 1988
Malta Enemalta Co. Seawater 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 7 Malta Bondstrand 2000G 1996
Entrepose Port of Mohammedia Water (re mains) 3, 4, 8, 12 12 Morocco Bondstrand 2212, 1985
6000
Entrepose Port of Mohammedia Water (potable) 4 12 Morocco Bondstrand 2212 1985
Sureland Ltd. Beira Oil Terminal Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 16 Mozam- Bondstrand 3420, 1993
bique 6000
Foster Wheeler(Thailand) The New Zealand Renery Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, New Bondstrand 2410 2003
16, 18, 20, 24 Zealand
Foster Wheeler(Thailand) The New Zealand Renery AOC, COC, Drain 6, 12 20 New Bondstrand 2420-FM 2003
Zealand
Shell B.P. Tood Deballast 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 New Bondstrand 2000 1989
Zealand
Shell B.P. Tood Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 New Bondstrand 6000 1990,
Zealand 1991
STOS Butane Plant Water (re) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 New Bondstrand 6000 1996
10, 12 Zealand
The New Zealand Renery The New Zeland Renery Waste 8, 10, 12 10 New Bondstrand 2410 1996,
Company Zealand 1997
Chevron UK Bundwall Drainage - Escravos Drain 16, 30, 36 10 Nigeria Bondstrand 3410 1997
Chevron UK NG-26429 - 2, 4, 12 12 Nigeria Bondstrand 2000M 1998
Chicago Bridge & Iron Com- Fire Fighting Project Water (re mains) 6 16 Nigeria Bondstrand PSX-L3 1997
pany
Daewoo Mobil QIT Nigeria Project Drain 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10 Nigeria Bondstrand 2410 1998
18
Daewoo Mobil QIT Nigeria Project Water (re ghting) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Nigeria Bondstrand PSX-L3 1998
12, 14
Daewoo Nigeria Limited Eastern Gas Gathering System Water (re ghting) 6 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2000M 2006
HHI Bonny Terminal Integrated Project Water (re, sea) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 Nigeria Bondstrand 2410 2003,
(BTIP)/ (Shell Petroleum De- 2004
velopment Company of Nigeria
Limited)
HHI Bonny Terminal Integrated Project Water (re, sea) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2416 2003,
(BTIP)/ (Shell Petroleum De- 10, 12 2004
velopment Company of Nigeria
Limited)
HHI/ Chevron Nigeria Limited Escravos Gas Project Phase 3 Water (potable, waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2000M 2006
(EGP3)
HHI/ Shell Petroleum Devel- Bonny Terminal Integrated Project Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2416-FP 2005
opment Company of Nigeria (BTIP)
Limited
JGC BT2-Mobil Producing Nigeria Water (re - 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2416 2005
Bonny Terminal Project underground) 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
JGC BT2-Mobil Producing Nigeria Sewage 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2416 2005
Bonny Terminal Project 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20
JGC OSO Mobil Nigeria Ltd Recovery Water (re - 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Nigeria Bondstrand 2400 1996,
Project underground) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 1997
20, 24
JGC OSO Mobil Nigeria Ltd Recovery Sewage 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Nigeria Bondstrand 2400 1996,
Project 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 1997
20, 24
JGC OSO Mobil Nigeria Ltd Recovery Water (re - above 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Nigeria Bondstrand 2414 1996,
Project ground class EBR1) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, (with 1997
20, 24 Pittchar
coating)
Shell Internationale Petroleum Bonny Site FPGC54/02/01 ERN Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 3416-FM 1997
Maatschappij BV (SIPM) A1 12, 14, 16
Shell Petroleum Development Okdoma Gas Plant and pipelines Water (re mains) 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 3416 2007
Comp.
Wanner ISOFI Bonny Island Water (chilled) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Nigeria Bondstrand 2000G 1998
AFS PHIL Group Statoil Civil 2 Works - Hammer- Chemical 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Norway Bondstrand 3410 2004 FP 932
fest 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30, 32, 36
Aker Contracting Gullfaks A & C Chemical 2, 3 4 Norway Bondstrand 5000 1992
Aker Maintenance Mongstad gas scrubber Water (cooling) 4, 8 10 Norway Bondstrand 2000 1990
Amerplastics Statoil Mongstad Water (general service) 12, 24 20 Norway Bondstrand 3420, 1999
7000M
Bergens Rohr Handel Mongstad crude oil terminal Water (salt) 8 10 Norway Bondstrand 3420 1988
Esso Valloe renery Water (re mains) 6 12 Norway Bondstrand 6000 1988
Norsk Hydro p/o Allum. Eng. Heroya fabriker Air (vent) 6, 8, 10 0 Norway Bondstrand 2000 1989
Norsk Hydro prod. Sture Crude Oil Terminal Oily (sewage) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 13 Norway Bondstrand 2412 1987
Statkraft Svartisen power station Water (injection) 12, 14, 16 4 Norway Bondstrand 2000 1992
Statoil Mongstad Mongstad crude oil terminal Water (re mains) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 Norway Bondstrand 3412 1986,
1987
Statoil Mongstad Mongstad crude oil terminal Water (re mains) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10 Norway Bondstrand 3412 1986,
14, 16 1988
Statoil Mongstad Mongstad crude oil terminal Water (salt) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20 Norway Bondstrand 3420 1986,
14 1987
MHI Sohar Fertilizer Plant Hydrochloric acid 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 Oman Bondstrand 5000 2006
10, 12
Salcon Water Waste Treatment & Utilities Seawater 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 10 Oman Bondstrand 2410 2004
Clough Sawan Gas Field Devepoment Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 20 Pakistan Bondstrand 2420C- 2002
Phase 1 FM
Clough Napa Napa Renery Water (re) 6 14 Papua New Bondstrand 2414-C 2003
Guinea
Daelim Industrial Ilijian Combined Cycled Power Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Philippines Bondstrand 2410 2000
Plant 12, 14, 16
Hazama Luisita Industrial Park Sewage 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 10 Philippines Bondstrand 2410 1998,
24, 28, 30, 32, 36 1999
JGC Rio Tuba Nickel HPP Plant Water (efuent treat- 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6 Philippines Bondstrand Der- 2003
ment), Gas (waste) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, akane
20, 24, 28, 30 470
JGC Rio Tuba Nickel HPP Plant Water (efuent treat- 3 6 Philippines Bondstrand Der- 2006
ment) akane
470C
MHI Masinloc Power Plant Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 14 Philippines Bondstrand 2000, 1997
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2414
20, 24
PICOP ( Paper Industries Cor- Chloride (washer drop 2, 10 12 Philippines Bondstrand 5000 1990
poration of Philippines ) leg.HCL electrolytic)
PICOP ( Paper Industries Cor- Chloride 1, 2, 3, 4 12 Philippines Bondstrand 5000 1995,
poration of Philippines ) 1996
PSPC / BHP Engineering - ( Sewage 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10, 12 Philippines Bondstrand 2410, 1995,
Philippines Shell Petroleum 18, 20, 24, 28, 30, 2412 1996
Corporation ) 32, 36, 40
Salcon Philippines Naga Power Plant Cooling 18 10 Philippines Bondstrand 2410 1994,
1995
Salcon Philippines Naga Power Plant Seawater, Diesel 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 12 Philippines Bondstrand 4000 1994,
1995
Shell Philippines Star Project Water (re, waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10, 16 Philippines Bondstrand 2410, 1992,
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 2416-FM 1993
24, 28, 30
CPN Katowice S.P. Klomnice Fuel 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Katowice S.P. Kruszyna Fuel 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Katowice - Fuel 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Katowice S.P. Nowa Brzezna Fuel 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Katowice S.P. Wojkowice Fuel 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Katowice S.P. Lopuszno Fuel (vapour) 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Katowice S.P. Michalowice Fuel (vapour) 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Kielce S.P. Sandomierz Fuel (vapour) 2 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1996
CPN Kielce S.P. Suchedniow Fuel (vapour) 2, 3, 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1996
CPN Kielce S.P. Tarnobrzeg Fuel (vapour) 2 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Kielce S.P. Grojec Fuel (vapour) 2 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Kielce S.P. Grojec Fuel (vapour) 2 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Kielce S.P. Opatow Fuel (vapour) 2 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Kielce S.P. Radom Fuel (vapour) 2 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Lublin S.P. Biala Podlaska Fuel 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1996
CPN Lublin S.P. Koroszczyn Fuel 2, 3, 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Lublin S.P. Zemborzyce Fuel (vapour) 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Lublin - Fuel (vapour) 2, 3, 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Naftobazy Baza Magaz. Paliw Debogorzu Fuel 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Naftobazy Baza Magaz. Paliw Debogorzu Water (re mains) 4, 6 16 Poland Dualoy 2000 1998
CPN Warszawa S.P. Wolomin Fuel (vapour) 2, 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
CPN Wroclaw S.P. Legnica Fuel (vapour) 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Wroclaw S.P. Swojec Fuel (vapour) 2, 3, 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CPN Wroclaw S.P. Grabiszynska Fuel (vapour) 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
Fox-Oil S.P. Slupsk Fuel 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
Fox-Oil S.P. Slawno Fuel (vapour) 2, 3, 4 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1998
Raneria Gdanska S.P. Osowa II Fuel (vapour) 2, 3 2 Poland Dualoy 3000/L 1997
CCPE Electricity of Portugal CCPE Sines Thermal Electric Condensate 6, 12 2 Portugal Bondstrand 2000 2000 FP 853
Power Plant
GMI Power Station Water (produced) 1, 2, 3, 4 7 Portugal Bondstrand 2000 1995
GMI Seawater line Seawater 8 6 Portugal Bondstrand 3000 1996
GMI Ballast Line Sines Water (ballast) 20 16 Portugal Bondstrand 3416 1994
S.M.S. Port of Sines Water (ballast) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 14 Portugal Bondstrand 3414 1991
Setusolda CPPE Sines Condensate return Water (condensed) 5, 6, 12 Portugal Bondstrand 2000 2000
lines
Setusolda INAG Sines Water (potable) 14 12 Portugal Bondstrand 3412 1999
Setusolda CPPE Sines Water (general service) 6, 18 20 Portugal Bondstrand 3420 1999
Chiyoda Ras Laffan Onshore Expansion Seawater 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Qatar Bondstrand 2410 2005
RGX Train 5 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Chiyoda Ras Laffan Onshore Expansion Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Qatar Bondstrand 2410 2007
RGX Train 6/7 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
RGX Train 3 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, (special
20, 24 wall-full
vacuum)
RGX Train 4 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 (special
wall-full
vacuum)
RGX Train 5 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 (special
wall-full
vacuum)
Chiyoda QatarGas Onshore Expansion Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 Qatar Bondstrand 2410 2006
QGX II Train 4/5 (special
wall-full
vacuum)
Chiyoda Shell Pearl GTL Seawater (cooling) 1 to 64 10, 12, Qatar Bondstrand 2410, 2007
16 2416,
4000/LD
Chiyoda Ras Laffan Onshore Expansion Seawater (cooling) , 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 18 Qatar Bondstrand 2004
RGX Train 4 Condensate Berth 6, 8, 10, 12
SeongHwa Industrial Ras Laffan B Project Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14 Qatar Bondstrand 2414 2005
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Techwave Suplac oil eld Crude oil (hot) 4 10 Romania Bondstrand 2410 2006
Techwave Lukoil Renery Water (demineralised) 6, 8 12 Romania Bondstrand 3400 2004
Techwave Fire ghting system for AGIP Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 14 Romania Bondstrand 3414 2006
Techwave Fire ghting system for AGIP Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 14 Romania Bondstrand 3414 2006
Techwave Berca Oileld project Brine 6 55 Romania Bondstrand 3440 2005
Techwave Suplac oil eld Gas (toxic) 2, 6 10 Romania Bondstrand 2410, 2006
7000
Techwave Petromidia AR CC Project Water (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Romania Bondstrand 3412, 2007
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 7000
Techwave Braila Oileld Brine 6 55 Romania Centron PH 1250 2003
Techwave Gaesti 25&40 bar project (start- Brine 6 55 Romania Centron SP 500, 2007
up) SP 800
Techwave Calacea Timisoara brine pipelines Brine 3, 4, 6 80 Romania Centron SPH 2006
1250
Chiyoda Shell Sakhalin II LNG Train 1 & 2 Water (re, sea) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Russia Bondstrand 2410 2003,
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2004
20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 36
Chiyoda Shell Sakhalin II LNG Train 1 & 2 Water (re, sea) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 16 Russia Bondstrand 2416 2003,
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2004
20, 24
PoongLim ExxonMobil Sakhalin I Export Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20 Russia Bondstrand 3420 2005
Facility Terminal 14, 16
Van Leeuwen Buizen DeKastri Export Terminal - Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 Russia Bondstrand 3420 2005 FP 948
Sakhalin Island 14, 16
Salcon Hawiyah Skid Package Project Seawater (intake) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 Saudi Arabia Bondstrand 2000 2006
K.O.C. K.O.C. 851808 Water (potable) 4 10 Scotland Bondstrand 3000 1987
Pro Voding Kolubara Coal Mine Water 8 10 Serbia Bondstrand 3410 2006
Pro Voding Ras Lanuf (Petrolcomet) project Water (salt) 10 10 Serbia Bondstrand 3410 2007
Pro Voding Kolubara Coal Mine Water (waste) 8 10 Serbia Bondstrand 3410 2006
Pro Voding Kolubara Mine West-eld project Water (waste) 12 10 Serbia Bondstrand 3410 2006
ABB Lummus / SEPL SEPC-ECC AOC, COC, FW, DL 2 to 40 10, 12, Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 2007
16 2412,
2416-FM
Abbott Nurtrition International Sewage Line - Gravity Flow Sewage 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 5000 2006
Singapore 12, 14, 16
Abbott Nurtrition International Efuent Plant and Discharge Line Efuent 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 4000, 2006
Singapore 12, 14, 16 5000
Alstom Keppel Merlimau Conbined Seawater (potable) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 2005
Cycled 700MW Power Plant in 10, 12, 14, 16
Jurong Island
AMEC MSD Rainwater Collection Sys- Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 4000 2006
tem
APP Engineering JTC Water (potable) 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1991
Asia Pacic Breweries Factory Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1988
12, 14
Cattel/SUT Sakra Waste Water Treatment Plant Water (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 2006
(New) 12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 2416
Cattel/SUT Sakra Balance of Plant Water (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 2006
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 2416
Changi East Project Changi East Project Seawater (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 1998
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
20, 24, 28, 30
Chiyoda Fuji Oil Factory Waste 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1983
Chiyoda Van Ommeran Tank Farm Water (waste, potable) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1983
Chiyoda CAFHI Storage Tanks Drain 3 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 2004
Chiyoda Platformer Splitter Unit Water (re) 6, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 6000 2005
Chiyoda Shell CD Unit 3 Water (re, waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 6000- 1992
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 FM,
2000
Chiyoda Shell Plat - 4 Water (re, drain) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 6000- 1993
18, 20 FM,
2000,
2410
Chiyoda Shell GO - HDS - 4 Water (re, drain) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 6000- 1993
18, 20 FM,
2000,
2410
Chiyoda Merbau Petrochemical Corporation of Sewage 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1996
Singapore
Econ Shell SRU - 5 Water (re, drain) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 6000- 1993
18, 20 FM,
2000,
2410
ECON Piling Condensate Splitter Unit Water (drainage, re) 8, 10, 12 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 1999
2416-FM
Epex Industrial Pte Ltd / LEO Changi Air Base Fuel (jet) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1994,
1995
EPEX/LEO Changi Naval Base Diesel 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
Epex/SembCorp Paya Lebar Airbase Phase II Fuel (jet) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
12, 14, 16
ESSO ESSO Renery Water (waste, lab, 2, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1984
drain)
ESSO ESSO Renery Water (cooling) 16, 18, 20 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2000M 1991
EXXON Chemical Foster Wheeler Calcium (chloride) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1986
Fraser & Neaves Factory Process (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1988
12, 14
FRP Products/SUT Seraya Jurong Industrial Waste Water Water (waste) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 2006
Treatment Plant Expansion 14, 16
Grahamtek / Power Seraya Cooling Water and Filtered Water Water (cooling, ltered) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 2006
Line 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Hiap Seng MSD 3rd Equalization Tank Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Singapore Bondstrand 4000-FP 2003
8, 10
Hitachi Engineering Serangoon Sludge Treatment Ferrous Sulphate 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1986
Plant
Hong Hock Schering Plough New Steriods Scubber Tower Tank 4 12 Singapore Bondstrand 4000 2004
Bay 5 Drain
JEL Paya Lebar Jet Fuel Phase II Fuel (jet) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 2001
Extension 12, 14, 16
JGC Eastman Chemical/ Jurong Island Seawater (cooling) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 1999
12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28
JTC Jurong Port Jetty Water (re, potable) 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1986
Jurong Power Station Chloride (treatment) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1983
Jurong Power Station Boiler (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1986
Keppel Shipyard Seawater (cooling) 8 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1989
Kim Technology Hyux Desalination Plant Seawater 6, 20 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 2004
Litton Component - Factory Chemical (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1989
Lonza Biologic Plant Chemical Drain Chemical (drainage) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Singapore Bondstrand 4000 2007
Marina Square Hotel Building Seawater (cooling) 36 Singapore Bondstrand Polyes- 1983
ter
Marina Square/ Koon Con- Hotel Building Water (demin., 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 4000, 1991
struction chlorinated seawater) 14, 16 5000
MEC Changi Naval Base Diesel 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
Mobil Renery CDU-2 Water (re) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 20 Singapore Bondstrand 2420 1999
Mobil Renery Storage Terminal Water (re) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 20 Singapore Bondstrand 2420 1999
MRTC Subways High Voltage Conduit 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1986,
Piping 1987
Mun Siong SAR Heat Exchanger Backush Seawater 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 2005
Line Mod. 2425
Ocean Towers Water (potable tank) 3, 6, 8 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1990
OTEC Fuji Oil Factory Chemical (waste) 2 Singapore Bondstrand 4000 1993
Pacic Diesel Fuel (underground) 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1990
Prostar / Seraya Chemicals Cooling Water Line Modication Water (cooling) 3 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 2006
PSA Building Drain (aircon) 2 Singapore Bondstrand 3000 1984
Rotary Engineering Van Ommeran Terminal Drain 6, 8 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1992
Rotary IMC Shell Bukom Overow Drain Drain 14 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 2004
Rotary IMC Oiltanking Phase-6 / Suction Pipe Product 2 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 2006
and Inlet Pipe
Rotary IMC / SEPL SEPC-BOS Out Fall 12 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2000M 2007
Salcon Senoko Power Seawater 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 2004
Salcon Tengah Military Air Base Fuel (jet) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
12, 14, 16
Salcon/ LEO Paya Lebar Air Base Fuel (jet) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
12, 14, 16
Scan Bilt Shell Bukom - BRM Water (potable) 3 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 2006
Scan Bilt Shell Bukom Sewage 18 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 2006
SCU/SUT Sakra Bioreactors Air Grids Water (waste) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 2006
14, 16, 18, 20
Sembawang Engineering Kranji Sewage Treatment Plant Drain (sewage) 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1994
Sembawang Utility Terminal Seawater (cooling) 24, 28, 30, 32 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2000M 1998
SembCorp SUT 1 Service Corridor/ Jurong Water (high grade) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 1999
Island 12, 14, 16 ,18, 20
SembCorp SUT 2/ Jurong Island Water (high grade) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 1999
12, 14, 16, 18, 20,
24, 28, 30
SembCorp HGIW To Esso Water (high grade) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 2000
SembCorp HGIW To Teijin Water (high grade) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 2000
12, 14, 16
SembCorp HGIW To Mitsui Water (high grade) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 2000
12, 14, 16
Sembcorp Engineers & Con- Kraji Deep Tunner Sewage Air (vent) 36 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 2005
structors System
SembCorp/CEL Seawater (cooling) 2 to 36 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 1999
Senoko Power Station Boiler (blowndown) 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1983
SEPL SEPC-BOS Drain (COC) 36 14 Singapore Bondstrand 2414 2007
Shell Eastern Petroleum Bukom Island Water (oily waste) 2 to 36 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1983,
1985
Shell Eastern Petroleum Bukom Island Water (cooling) 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 1983,
1985
Shell Eastern Petroleum Pulau Ular Water (re,waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10, 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000, 1989
cooling) 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 6000-
FM,
2410
Shell Eastern Petroleum Bukom Island Water (re) Singapore Bondstrand 6000-FM 1983,
1985
Shell Eastern Petroleum Ltd. Ethylene Cracker Complex Chemical (sewage) 2 to 40 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2412 2007
Shell Eastern Petroleum Ltd. Ethylene Cracker Complex Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 2416 2007
18, 20
Shell Seraya Chemicals Chiyoda Seraya Island Project Sanitary ine 2, 3, 4 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1995,
1997
Shell Seraya Chemicals Chiyoda Seraya Island Project Water (potable) 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1995,
1997
Shell Seraya Chemicals Chiyoda Seraya Island Project Sewage 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410 1995,
1997
Shell Seraya Chemicals Chiyoda Seraya Island Project Water (re) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, Singapore Bondstrand 2416-FM 1995,
14, 16 1997
Shell Singapore, via ABB-Lum- Firewater for ECC project Water (re) 2 to 36 16 to Singapore Bondstrand 2420-FM 2007
mus 20
Siemens Senoko Power Plant Water (subaqueous 56 6 Singapore Bondstrand Isoph- 1997
seawater outfall) thalic
Singapore Aromatics Foster Wheeler Water (process, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 10 Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 1995,
seawater cooling) 16, 18, 20, 24 2416, 1996
2425
Singapore Renery Co. Water (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1983
Singapore Renery Co. Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 20 Singapore Bondstrand 2420 1988
SK Engineering Tuas Power Station Chemicals Chemical (drainage) 8, 10, 12 12 Singapore Bondstrand 4000 2005
Drainage Header
Smitech Changi Naval Base Project Diesel 6, 8, 10 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000M 2005
Sumitomo Mitsui / SEPL SEPC-MEG AOC, COC, FW, DL 2 to 40 10, 12, Singapore Bondstrand 2410, 2007
16 2412,
2416-FM
Ta-Ching Water Injection-Treatment Sys- Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000M 2004
tem 10, 12, 14, 16
Telecoms Pulau Ubin Diesel 2, 3, 4 12 Singapore Bondstrand 2000 1987
Toh Ban Seng Changi Naval Base Diesel 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
Wah Chang Changi Naval Base Diesel 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 1999
Wah Chang Tengah Air Base Fuel (jet) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Singapore Bondstrand 7000 2001
12, 14, 16
Geostyle Sp. Nafta Geoterm Water (geothermal) 6 10 Slovenia Bondstrand 3410 2005
Geostyle Sp. Nafta-Geoterm - district heating Water (geothermal) 6 6 Slovenia Bondstrand 3410 2006
Geostyle Sp. Lafarge Cement project Gypsum slurry 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 20 10 Slovenia Bondstrand 2000, 2006
4000
Schlumberger Logelco Inc. Simonstown Naval Dock Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 South Africa Bondstrand 2000M 1996
Agbai Mantenimiento Fire Line Water (re mains) 8 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1993
ATC Spanish Railways - Madrid Water (re mains) 2, 3 10 Spain Bondstrand 2000 1992
Chubb Parsi S.A. Campsa tank farm - La Coruna Water (re mains) 3, 4 10 Spain Bondstrand 2000 1991
Chubb Parsi S.A. Spanish railways - Malaga Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1989
Constructiones Sobrino Spanish railways Jundiz Vittora Water (re mains) 8 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1990
Cubiertas Spanish railways - Monforte Water (re mains) 6 12 Spain Bondstrand 6000 1991
Cubiertas / Mannesmann Cartagena Harbour Water (re mains) 4, 6 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416-FM 1995
Spain
Engelhardt Musa - Tarragona Water (re mains) 4, 6, 8 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1999
Entrecanales Renfe metro repair Madrid Water (re mains) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10 Spain Bondstrand 3412, 1990,
2000 1991
Jose Falcon Verona Riser pipe Canary Islands Water (well transport) 2 16 Spain Bondstrand 3000 1987
Mannesmann Spain Cartagena Harbour Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1995
Metec S.A. Spanish railways - Seville Water (re mains) 6 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1990
Musa Uranium mine Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1992
Musa S.A. Fire Water Line Water (re mains) 6 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1993
Musa S.A. Spanish railways - Barcelona Water (re mains) 4, 8 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1989,
1990
Ondoan Cartisa factory Bilbao Water (re mains) 6, 10 14 Spain Bondstrand 3414 1991
Spanish Railways TCR Valladolid project Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1990
Sulzer S.A. Refema fair - Madrid Water (re mains) 8, 10, 12, 16 14 Spain Bondstrand 3414 1990
Visansu Eng. S.A. Spanish railways - Madrid Water (re mains) 3, 4, 5, 6 16 Spain Bondstrand 3416 1989
Amerplastics Cadagua Brewery (Heineken) Water (re mains) 16 12 Spain Bondstrand 3412 1992
Peremba Construction Sdn Melut Basin Oil Water (re, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 16 Sudan Bondstrand 2416 2005
Bhd desalination)
Ranhill Engineers and Con- Melut Basin Oil in Sudan Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 16 Sudan Bondstrand 2416 2004
structors
ngspecialisten AE-rr AB MITEL Semiconductor AB, Jr- Water (re mains) 8 12 Sweden Bondstrand 6000-FM 1997
flla
Arne Eriksson Dykeri AB Pol Transport AB, rnskldsvik Water (brackish) 14 2 Sweden Bondstrand 3410 1997
Bertils Rr AB Jet Dupont Conoco, Strmstad Water 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10 Sweden Bondstrand 7000, 1998
14, 16 3410
HEAB Plastteknik AB Volvo Aero AB Fuel (jet) 4 6 Sweden Bondstrand 7000 1998
LJ Oljeledningar AB Helsingborgs Hamn AB Water (re mains) 10 16 Sweden Bondstrand 3416 1996 FP 690
NCC Anlggning AB Karlskrona rlogsbas Air 1, 1, 2 8 Sweden Bondstrand 2000 1997
NPS Entreprenad AB F7 Stens Fuel (jet) 6 6 Sweden Bondstrand 7000 1997
Nynas Rafnaderi AB / Bicon Nynas Rafnaderi Oily (sewage) 2 5 Sweden Bondstrand 2000 1991
Nynshamns Anl. & Trdgrd- Ericsson Radio Systems AB, Water (re mains) 8 12 Sweden Bondstrand 6000-FM 1997
splattor AB Nynshamn
Port of Helsingborg Helsingborg Water (re mains) 10 16 Sweden Bondstrand 3410 1996 FP 690
Robro Rr AB / Isoterm Nyns AB, Nynshamn Oil (sludge) 10 10 Sweden Bondstrand 3410 1996
Robro Rr AB / Isoterm Nyns AB, Nynshamn Oil (sludge) 10 10 Sweden Bondstrand 3410 1997
Serneberg Clois AB F10 ngelholm Fuel (jet) 4 6 Sweden Bondstrand 7000 1997
SIAB AB Holmen Paper AB, Norrkping Oil (sludge) 14 6 Sweden Bondstrand 3410 1995
Skanska LM Eriksson AB, Visby Water (re mains) 8, 10 12 Sweden Bondstrand 6000-FM 1997
Skanska Stockholm AB Berga rlogsbas Fuel (diesel) 3 2 Sweden Bondstrand 2000 1995
SSAB Sweden Cooling Water Inlet Water (cooling) 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 10 Sweden Bondstrand 3410 2006
30, 32, 36, 40
Torpmans Rr AB Gotlands Militrkommando Fuel 2, 6 2 Sweden Bondstrand 3000 1994
YIT Projektror AB Birka Energy AB Chemical (sewage) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 6 Sweden Bondstrand 4000, 1999 FP 857
10, 12, 14, 16 5000
Gruneko Basel Geothermie Riehen Water (geothermal) 6 40 Switserland Bondstrand 3450 1991
China Steel Corporation Cooling 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1991
CPC Chemical Storage Conduit 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1988
CPC Ta-Lin Renery Waste 3 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1988
CPC Kaohsiung Terminal Cooling 6 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1991
CPC Linyuan Renery Chemical (process) , 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1999
6, 8
CPC Linyuan Renery Chemical (process) , 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 2000
CPC Ta-Lin Renery Phase Chemical (process) 6 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 2002
CPC Linyuan Renery Chemical (process) , 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 2002
6, 8, 10
CPC Kaohsiung Renery Waste 8 Taiwan Bondstrand 6000 1992
CPC Linyuan Renery Phase (No.200 Water (waste) 4, 8, 10 Taiwan Bondstrand 6000 1997
Revamp Job)
CPC Ta-Lin Renery No.3/4 Station Water (waste) 8 Taiwan Bondstrand 6000 1997
CPC Linyuan Renery Water (waste) 8 Taiwan Bondstrand 6000 1998
CPC Taoyuan Alkylation Plant - JGC Chemical (process) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 4000, 2002
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2410
20, 24
CPC Linyuan Renery Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 5000, 1995
10, 12 6000
CPC Ta-Lin Renery Phase 7/8/9 Water (waste) 8 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1996
Grand Pacic Grand Pacic Petrochemical Waste 1, 1, 2, 3 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1988,
1989
Guan Yin Park Water (potable) 2, 3, 4 Taiwan Bondstrand 800 1991
HighLink Technology Corpora- MOCVD Process 8, 10 Taiwan Bondstrand 6000 2001
tion
HongYu Jing KaoChang No.2/4 Waste Water Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 2006
VOC plant 10, 12
Ken Ting Park Water (potable) 4 Taiwan Bondstrand 3000 1992
Shyeheh Shyeheh Power Plant Waste 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1988
Taiwan SM Corporation Chemical Waste 1, 1, 2, 3 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 2000 1990
TPC Taichung Power Plant Unit 1,2,3,4 Water (potable) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Taiwan Bondstrand 3000 1990
12, 14
TPC Taichung Power Plant Unit 1,2,3,4 Waste 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Taiwan Bondstrand 5000 1990
Becthel Thai Para Xylene Water (re) 8, 10 20 Thailand Bondstrand 2420 2006
CAE / Thai Oil Public Com- Thai Oil Water (demineralised) 8 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 2006
pany Limited
CAE / MHI Egat Rachaburi Power Plant Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 2006
Caltex Star Petroleum Renery Process 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1994
CCP Building Coco Phase 3 Drain 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 1996
CH.Karnchang/ SBIA Thailand Airport Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2416-FM 2004
16, 18
Egat Hydrogen Plant Water (demineralised) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000 1992
Egat Maemoh Unit 10 & 11 Power Sta- Water (make-up) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1990
tion / Idreco Asia 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
Egat Maemoh Unit 8 & 9 Power Station Water (make-up) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1988,
/ Portal Water Asia 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 1989
Egat Bang Pakong Thermal Plant Water (waste, chemical 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 1997,
Retrot waste) 1998
Egat Bangkok South Power Station Seawater (chlorination 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Thailand Bondstrand 5000 1992
Plant revamp)
Egat Bangkok South Combined Cycle Wate (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000, 1993
Plant / Italthai demineralised, treat- 12, 14, 16 4000
ment, chlorination)
Egat Khanom / Mitsui Combined Cycle Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000, 1993
Plant demineralised, treat- 4000
ment, chlorination
Egat Bangpakong 3 & 4 Power Station Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000, 1990
- Combined Cycle M.H.I. - Japan demineralised, treat- 4000,
ment, chlorination) 5000
Egat Rayong 1,2,3 Power Station - Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000, 1990
Combined Cycle Italthai J.V. demineralised, treat- 12, 14 4000,
Egat Rayong 4 Power Station - Com- Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000, 1991
bined Cycle Italthai J.V. demineralised, treat- 4000,
Egat Bangpakong Thermal Plant 3 Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000, 1990
- John Holland - Australia demineralised, treat- 5000
ment, chlorination)
Egat Bangpakong Helper Cooling Water (service, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 1994
Tower demineralisation) 10, 12
Egat BKK South Phase I/II Water (waste, treat- 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 1995,
ment, demineralisation) 10, 12, 14, 16 1996
Egat Wan-Noi Phase I/II Water (waste, treat- 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 1995,
ment, demineralisation) 10, 12, 14, 16 1996
Egat Bangpakong 1 & 2 Power Station Water (process, waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000, 1984,
cooling, demineralised, 4000, 1988
treatment, chlorination) 5000
Goshu Kohsan Egat Rachaburi Power Plant Water (waste) 10 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 2006
JGC Corporation Thai-Oil Paraxylene Plant (TPX) Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 20 Thailand Bondstrand 2420-FM 1997,
12, 14 1998
MHI EGAT Rachatburi Power Plant Water (demin, waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000, 1999
5000
Okamura Industry Songkhala CCPP Water (waste 2, 4 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 2006
treatment)
Okamura Industry Songkhala CCPP Chloride 2, 3 12 Thailand Bondstrand 5000 2006
Randall Corp. Shell LNG Plant Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1989
Rayong Renery Company Shell Fluor Daniel Badger Efuent (treatment, Oil 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1993
(drains), A/G Power
Rayong Renery Company Shell Fluor Daniel Badger Water (re - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2416-FM 1993
underground) 12, 14, 16, 18
Raytheon EGAT Rachatburi Power Plant Demin, Waste, Process 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000, 1999
12, 14 2000,
5000
Samsung Engineering PTT GSP-5 Plant in Map Ta Phut Water (re) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2416-FM 2003
14, 16
SP Boeki Songkhala CCPP Water (waste) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Thailand Bondstrand 4000 2006
10, 12
Thai Oil Sidem Process 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 Thailand Bondstrand 2000 1992
Thai Oil Seawater (desalination, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 10, 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2410, 1991,
discharge, intake) 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28 2416 1992
Thai Organic Chemical Chlorine Plant Water (treated, 8 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1997,
Efuent) 1998
Thai-Oil Co-generation Water (demineralised) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 10 Thailand Bondstrand 2410 1996
18
Thai-Oil Lube Plant Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2412, 1996
8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 2416
20, 24, 28
Thai-Oil Mixylene Plant Water (re) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2416-FM 1996
Thai-Oil Lube Plant Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 20 Thailand Bondstrand 2420-FM 1995
10, 12, 14, 16
The Aromatic (Thailand) Public (TAC) Complex I in Map Ta Water (waste) 6 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2416 2004
Company Phut,Rayong
Toyo Engineering Thai Caprolactem Process 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, Thailand Bondstrand 5100 1995
10, 12, 14, 16
Unocal Pump Column 2, 3 16 Thailand Bondstrand 2000M 1985,
1990
A.V.B. / Tebodin Afvalverwerking Botlek Water (waste) 3, 4, 5, 6 8 The Bondstrand 2000 1990
Netherlands
AKZO AKZO B.I.2365 Chemical 2, 3 8 The Bondstrand 4000 1990
Netherlands
AKZO Nobel Weak Brine line, Zuidewending Brine 12 16 The Bondstrand 3416 2005
Netherlands
Ameron PCD Fire Protection New Warehouse Water (re mains) 6 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1993
Netherlands
Ameron PCG Warehouse PCS Water (re mains) 8 12 The Bondstrand 2000 1994
Netherlands
Amerplastics Alfa laval vrumona Heating (district) 6 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1991
Netherlands
Amerplastics AKZO AVR Water (potable) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1991
Netherlands
Amerplastics NBM-Verstraten-Verbruggen Water (waste) 6, 8, 10, 12 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1991
Netherlands
Amerplastics Hoogovens - Osygas instalation Water (general service) 6 14 The Bondstrand 3414 1999
Netherlands
Amerplastics Column Pipe String Water (general service) 6 20 The Bondstrand 3420 1997
Netherlands
Amerplastics Somati Makro Water (re mains) 8 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1988
Netherlands
Amerplastics Covra Complex Water (re mains) 1, 4, 6, 8, 12 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1991
Netherlands
Amerplastics EH Dow Water (process) 3 16 The Bondstrand 2000, 1991
Netherlands 4000
Amerplastics Renovatie LNS Leiding - Kern- Chemical 2, 3, 4 12 The Bondstrand 2000G 1997
centrale Doel Netherlands
Amerplastics ABB Water (general service) 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 16 The Bondstrand 2000G 1998
Netherlands
Amerplastics Dow Benelux 6, 8, 10, 16, 18, 20 10, 20 The Bondstrand 3410, 2000
Netherlands 3420,
2000
Amerplastics Dow Emergo Water (re mains) 4, 6, 8, 14, 16 14 The Bondstrand 6000- 1999
Netherlands FM,
3414
Amerplastics Exxon PSX-JF Tank line Water (re mains) 4, 6 16 The Bondstrand PSX-JF 1999
Netherlands
Amerplastics Belleli - Amoco Water (re mains) 2, 8, 12, 14 12 The Bondstrand PSX-L3 1998
Netherlands
Amerplastics Hoogovens Fuel (vapour) 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 5 The Bondstrand 2000 1992
Netherlands
Amerplastics Hoechst - Weert Water (general service) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 The Bondstrand 2000 1990
Netherlands
Amerplastics Rijkswaterstaat Water (general service) 2 12 The Bondstrand 3400 1998
Netherlands
Amerplastics Biomass Maasvlakte Water (general service) 8 16 The Bondstrand 3416 1997
Netherlands
Amerplastics Fittingen NAM Water (general service) 2, 4, 5, 6 25 The Bondstrand 3425 1998
Netherlands
Amerplastics Stork Rotterdam Water (re mains) 14 12 The Bondstrand 2000G 1997
Netherlands
Amerplastics Seppic Zwijndrecht Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14 16 The Bondstrand 3412, 1999
Netherlands 2000G
Amerplastics NS Rail Service Center Water (general service) 16 14 The Bondstrand 3414 1999
Netherlands
Amerplastics Hoogovens Column Pipe 4, 6 12 The Bondstrand 3420, 1992
Netherlands 6000
Amerplastics Hoogovens Fuel (vapour) 8 The Bondstrand 7000M 1992
Netherlands
Amerplastics WKI Schoonebeek Water (general service) 6 15 The Centron SPH 1998
Netherlands
Billiton Arnhem Billiton Other 2, 6, 10, 20 10 The Bondstrand 2000, 1989
Netherlands 5000
Comprimo General Electric Water (cooling) 16 7 The Bondstrand 3414 1988
Netherlands
D.G.W.T. Woensdrecht Heating (district) 4 6 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
D.H.V. / G.T.I. M&T Chemicals Vlissingen Water (waste) 12 6 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
D.S.M. D.S.M. Geleen Water 20 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1985
Netherlands
D.S.M. D.S.M. Geleen Chemical 8 16 The Bondstrand 2216 1985
Netherlands
D.S.M. / Fluor Daniel D.S.M. Stanyl polymeren project Water (sewage) 4, 5, 6, 8 The Bondstrand 2000 1988
Netherlands
D.S.M. Geleen D.S.M. Firewater Water (re mains) 8, 16 12 The Bondstrand 3414, 1989
Netherlands 6000
Dow Benelux Location Delfzijl Water (re mains) 6, 10 16 The Bondstrand 3416 1990
Netherlands
Dow Benelux Location Delfzijl Gas (washing) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 24 10 The Bondstrand 4000 1989
Netherlands
Dow Chemicals Dow Firewater Water (re mains) 6, 12 16 The Bondstrand 3416 1989
Netherlands
Dow Chemicals Dow Terneuzen LHC-2 Seawater 3 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
Dow Chemicals Dow Tyril Terneuzen Water (re mains) 3, 6, 8 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1989
Netherlands
Dow Terneuzen Seawater intake treatment Seawater 10, 12 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1990
Netherlands
Dow Terneuzen Dow LHC / stop Water 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 Netherlands
EPZ Borsele (Electricity Board Nuclear Power Station Borsele Water (cooling) 3, 4, 5, 6 12 The Bondstrand 2000 1992
Zeeland) Netherlands
Esso Hydrocracker Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 12 14, 12 The Bondstrand 3414, 1993
Netherlands 6000-FM
Esso / Fluor U.K.&The Neth- Esso exicoker Water (re mains) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 12 The Bondstrand 2212 1983
erlands Netherlands
Fluor Daniel Shell Moerdijk / MSPO Chemical (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 The Bondstrand 4000 1990
Netherlands
Gebr.Broere / Paktank TTR Botlek Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 16 16 The Bondstrand 3416, 1990
Netherlands 6000
Gevudo / Siemens / H.C.G. Gevudo Dordrecht Water (waste) 6, 8, 16 4 The Bondstrand 2000 1988,
Schiedam Netherlands 1989
Gist Brocades Renovation Water (re mains) 10 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
H.A.K. Dow Terneuzen Water (re mains) 8, 12 12 The Bondstrand 3416 1989
Netherlands
H.A.K. / D.S.M. H.A.K. / D.S.M.-SBB Water (general service) 2, 3 16 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
H.A.K. D.H.V. / R.W.Z.I Houtrust Den Haag Chemical (hypochlorite) 14 16 The Bondstrand 3416 1989
Netherlands
Heerema N.A.M. H-89058 Other The Bondstrand 2000 1990
Netherlands
Hoogovens Column piping / seawater intake Water (salt) 8 20 The Bondstrand 3420 1990
Netherlands
Maint. Dept. Ministry of De- Airbase Valkenburg Fuel (jet) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1991
fence Netherlands
Maint. Dept. Ministry of De- Airbase Volkel Fuel (jet) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1992
fence Netherlands
N.A.C.A.P. Ned. N.A.M. Dalen Water (sewage) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1990
Netherlands
N.B.M. Conteka Delfzijl Water (general service) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
NAM, via Amerplastics Nougat project (den Helder) Water (re) 16 The Bondstrand 3400 2006,
Netherlands 2007
Odfjell Terminals Odfjell Terminals, Rotterdam Utility 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 16 The Bondstrand 2000G 2005 FP 941
Netherlands
Oiltanking Terneuzen Tankterminal Oiltanking Utility 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 10, 16 The Bondstrand 3410, 2005 FP 937
12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 Netherlands 3416,
2000G
Otte M & T Vlissingen Water (waste) 1, 2, 3, 4 12 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
P.Z.E.M. Kerncentrale Borssele Water (re mains) 6 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1989
Netherlands
Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch Water Locks complex, Hansweert Seawater 6, 8 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1990
Auth.) Netherlands
Rijkswaterstaat (Dutch Water Oranjesluis Amsterdam Water (re mains) 8 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1992
Auth.) Netherlands
Rijkswaterstaat / Delta Consult Stappenbakens Water 2 The Bondstrand 3400 1988
Netherlands
Shell Netherlands Renery BV Pernis Renery Water (sourwaste, 2, 6, 20 16 The Bondstrand 3416 2006
hydrocarbons) Netherlands
Shell Pernis, via Jacobs Engi- ZHI project Sewage 20 16 The Bondstrand 3416 2006
neering Netherlands
Synthese Bergen op Zoom Optimalisatie U.V. esters Water (re mains) 4 12 The Bondstrand 6000 1988
Netherlands
T.D.F. Tione Tione Chloride Project Water (process) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 The Bondstrand 2000, 1989
12, 14, 16 Netherlands 5000
Vermeer / Amerplastics Hemwegcentrale Amsterdam Water (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1992
Netherlands
Vermeer I.C. N.A.M. Other 2, 3, 4 10 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
Vrumona Vrumona Water (cooling) 4, 6 6 The Bondstrand 2000 1989
Netherlands
Societ Tunessienne des Refenery STIR Water (cooling) 16, 20, 24 12 Tunesia Bondstrand 3412 1992
Industry
GAMA Trading Samra Power Plant project Water (quench, waste) 1, 2, 4, 6 10 Turkey Bondstrand 4000 2005
GAMA Trading Samra Power Plant project Water (quench, waste) 1, 2, 4, 6 10 Turkey Bondstrand 4000 2006
Goema Treatment Systems Samra Power Plant project Water (waste) 16, 25 Turkey Bondstrand 2000, 2005
3425
Selyak Petrol Samsum Marine Terminal Water (re mains) 3, 4, 6, 12 16 Turkey Bondstrand 6000 1994
Selyck Petrol Urunleri Uretim Fire line maintenance Water (re mains) 12 12 Turkey Bondstrand 6000-FM 1996
Harrington Plastics MTA Division c/o0 Geofon Water (produced) 2, 4 U.S. Dualoy 3000/L,
P1500
Ipex Guardian Unknown - Insulated Pipe Fuel 6 U.S. Dualoy 3000/L
Pipe Specialties Canada Fuel 3 U.S. Dualoy 3000/L
GASCO/Bechtel OGD III Water (sewer, potable, 3 to 30 UAE Bondstrand 3410, 2005
re) 3412,
3416
Airproducts Ltd M9145 N2 generator Seawater 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1986,
Kingdom 1987
Amec Civil Engineering Ltd. Ford Dagenham Water (re mains) 6, 12 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1994
Kingdom
B.P. B.P. Kinneal terminal expansion Water (re mains) 6, 8, 12, 14 20 United Bondstrand 3420 1991
Kingdom
Baker Hughes Waste Water Project Water (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 12 United Bondstrand 2000G 1996
Kingdom
Balfour Beatty Building Ford swansea additional Water (re mains) 3, 4, 5, 6 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1989
Kingdom
C.E.G.B. Leadwood constr. station Seawater 6, 8, 10, 12 6 United Bondstrand 2000 1989
Kingdom
Champlain Protex Fume & Acid lines Chemical (acid) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 6 United Bondstrand 4000 1989
Kingdom
Conoco Ltd Killingholme A Chemical 8, 10 10 United Bondstrand 4000 1991
Kingdom
Darlington Eng. Ltd. Cambois Ind. Est. Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 0 United Bondstrand 2000 1995
Kingdom
Dow Dow Brunswick Water (re mains) 1 , 4, 6 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1986
Kingdom
Dow Corning Dow / P.Trentham Water (re mains) 2, 6, 12 15 United Bondstrand 2000 1986
Kingdom
Dow Corning Barry USK power station Water (waste) 1, 1 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1990
Kingdom
Dow Corning Barry USK power station Chemical (acid) 3 10 United Bondstrand 5000 1991
Kingdom
Electrocatalitic Baronia Field Seawater 3 16 United Bondstrand 2000 1992
Kingdom
Ernest Ireland Costructions ICI Severnside Hallen, Bristol Drain 4 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1992
Kingdom
Exxon Chemicals Olens Inc. Fife Ethylene Plant Efuent 4, 6 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1994
Kingdom
Fluor Daniel Ltd. ICI HDS Unit Water 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 16 United Bondstrand 2000 1995
Kingdom
Ford / Plant Constr. Ford Southampton project Water (re mains) 8 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1989
Kingdom
Ford Motor Co. Traktor plant Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1986
Kingdom
Ford Motor Co. Car plant Dagenham Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 12 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1987
Kingdom
Ford Motor Co. Ford engine plant Water (re mains) 12 10 United Bondstrand 6000 1988
Kingdom
Ford Motor Co. Ford Liverpool Water (re mains) 12 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1989
Kingdom
Ford Motor Co. Ford Zeta project Water (re mains) 6, 10, 12 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1989
Kingdom
Foster Wheeler Energy Ltd. Texaco Pembroke Renery Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 16 United Bondstrand 3416 1995
Kingdom
Gee & Company Elf ATC - Chemical Works Efuent 4, 5, 6, 8 10 United Bondstrand 4000 1993
Kingdom
Gould Foils U.K. Replacem. 1st train in proc. syst. Water (produced) 4, 6 10 United Bondstrand 5000 1987
Kingdom
H.S. Pipe Equipment Ltd. I.C.I. North Tees Water (brine) 4 12 United Bondstrand 3412 1994
Kingdom
I.C.I. Chemicals & Polymers Brineeld No 6 North Tees Water (brine) 4, 6, 10 16 United Bondstrand 3416 1992
Kingdom
I.C.I. Chemicals & Polymers North Tees brine elds phase II Chlorination 4, 5, 6, 8 14 United Bondstrand 3414 1990
Ltd Kingdom
I.C.I. Chemicals & Polymers I.C.I. North Tees Water (brine) 6, 8 13 United Bondstrand 3414 1989
Ltd Kingdom
I.C.I. Winnington Lostock to Westen Hill Water (brine) 24 32 United Bondstrand 3432 1988
Kingdom
ICI Brineelds Water (brine) 6 16 United Bondstrand 3416 1996
Kingdom
Jacobs Int. Lilly Industry Chemical (waste) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 10 United Bondstrand 4000 1987
Kingdom
John Brown Eng.& Constr. Ltd OGPC / IBIS Widnes Chemical (acid) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 0, 4/7, United Bondstrand 2000 1991
10, 12 7 Kingdom
Kvaerner John Brown Dow Corning - Genesis Chemical 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 United Bondstrand 4000 1996,
10, 12, 14, 16 Kingdom 1997
Kvaerner Process c/o Dow Genesis-4797 / Stretch 6262 Water (general service) 1, 4, 10 16 United Bondstrand 2000, 1999
Corning Kingdom 4000
Ledwood Texaco PCC Pembroke Water (waste) 1, 3 5 United Bondstrand 2000, 1995
Kingdom 4000
Ledwood Costruction (as Nato Base - Pol Loch Striven Drain 6, 8 2 United Bondstrand 2000 1992
distributor) Kingdom
Ledwood Costruction (as Atlas Fire Engeneering Water (re mains) 8 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1992
distributor) Kingdom
MC Tay Engeneering Ltd Shell aviation tank drain line Drain 1 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1992
Kingdom
Mid Bucks Engeneering Ser- B.P. terminal East Cowes Water (re mains) 6 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1991
vices Kingdom
Mowlem Northern Drax power station Water (re mains) 6 12 United Bondstrand 6000 1988
Kingdom
Occidental Petroleum Ltd Flotta oil terminal Other 6 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1986
Kingdom
Pipework Engineering & De- Killingholme A power station Chlorination 2, 3 4 United Bondstrand 5000 1992
velopm. Kingdom
Plant Construction PLC Ford Dagenham Water (re mains) 8, 12 12 United Bondstrand 3416 1995
Kingdom
Plant Construction PLC Vauxhall Motors Elsmere Port Efuent 6 10 United Bondstrand 4000 1992
Kingdom
Plant Construction PLC Vauxhall Motors Efuent 4 12 United Bondstrand 4000 1993
Kingdom
Redpath Engineering Navy Fuel Depot Campbeltown Fuel 6, 12 10 United Bondstrand 7000 1995
Kingdom
Robinson Brothers Robinson Brothers Drain 3, 6 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1993
Kingdom
Robinson Brothers Ltd Chimney Outlet Gas (ue) 14 1 United Bondstrand 2000 1992
Kingdom
Seaton Mechanical Services Hewlett Packard Water (re mains) 2 10 United Bondstrand 2000 1994
Kingdom
Service Welding Flue gas chimney liner Gas (ue) 14 1 United Bondstrand 2000 1992
Kingdom
Shell Expo U.K. Mossmorran Water (re mains) 1, 2, 3, 4 20 United Bondstrand 2020 1996
Kingdom
Shell UK Ltd Domestic water upgrade Water (upgrade) 1, 2, 3, 4 10 United Bondstrand 2000G 2001
Kingdom
Spel Eng. Ltd Orkney water test centre Seawater 1, 2, 3, 4 7 United Bondstrand 2000 1988
Kingdom
Thyssen Construction Dow Corining - Genesis Chemical 6, 8, 10, 12 12 United Bondstrand 4000 1995
Kingdom
Thyssen GB Ltd. Dow Corning - Barry Chemical 6, 8, 10, 12 12 United Bondstrand 4000 1996
Kingdom
Thyssen GB Ltd. Dow Corning - Barry Chemical 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 12 United Bondstrand 4000 1996
Kingdom
Tilbury Construction London underground viaduct Water (general service) 3 10 United Bondstrand 3000 1990
Kingdom
Toyota U.K. Derby External works drain line Water (waste) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 10 United Bondstrand 4000 1991
Kingdom
Trant Eng. Ltd Enichem Elastomers Ltd. Water (re mains) 10 12 United Bondstrand 3412 1995
Kingdom
Trant Eng. Ltd. Dow Corning - Genesis Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 14 United Bondstrand 3414 1996
Kingdom
Trant Eng. Ltd. Enichem Elastomers Water (re mains) 6, 8, 10 14 United Bondstrand 3414 1996
Kingdom
Trant Engineering Limited Enichem Southampton Water (re mains) 6, 10 14 United Bondstrand 3414 1998
Kingdom
Trant Engineering Limited GRE Firemain Phase I - Enichem Water (re mains) 6, 10, 14 14 United Bondstrand 3414 1997
Elastomers Kingdom
Trant Engineering Limited Enichem - phase 4 Firemain Water (re) 10 14 United Bondstrand 3414 2000
Sprinkler Kingdom
Trant Engineering Ltd. Texaco Renery Pembroke Water (re mains) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 16 United Bondstrand 3416, 1994
Kingdom 6000
Acadian Fiberglass Univ of Central Arkansas - Con- Heating (district), 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2003
way, AR Cooling
Arizona Public Service Dept. Palo Verde Nuclear Power - To- Water (re ghting) 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 3200/L 2006
nopah, AZ
Bariven PDVSA Venezuela Water (injection) 6 USA Bondstrand PH 2000 2006
Chicago Bridge & Iron Trunkline LNG - Lake Charles, LA Water (process) Factory Fabricated USA Bondstrand 3000A 2005
Coastal Technical Sales Washington Group Intl - Puerto Water (process) 3, 6 USA Bondstrand 4000 2006
Rico
Coastal Technical Sales RR Donnelly - Lancaster, PA Chemical (process) 2, 3, 4 USA Bondstrand 5000-CX 2004
Corr-Tech Marco LTD - Lemoyen, LA Water (process) 6 USA Bondstrand 4000 2003
Cortrol Process Drain (bridge) 12 USA Bondstrand 100 2005
Ferguson Enterprises Columbia Heights WWTP - Co- Water (waste, Factory Fabricated USA HT VE 2003
lumbus Hts, MN treatment)
Flotec Delta Brands - Irving, TX Water (process) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, USA Bondstrand 4000 2003
10, 12
Flotec NE TX Community College - Mt. Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USA Bondstrand 4000-CX 2004
Pleasant, TX
Great Western Supply Bechtel - Equitorial Guinea Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 2000 2005
Great Western Supply Bechtel - SonaHess Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USA Bondstrand 2000 2005
Great Western Supply Bechtel - SonaHess Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 USA Bondstrand 2000 2006
Great Western Supply Toyota Motors - San Antonio, TX Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USA Bondstrand 2000 2005
Great Western Supply Exxon Neftegas Sahkalin - Rus- Oil (crude) 4, 5, 6, 8 20 USA Bondstrand 2420 2006
sia
Great Western Supply Bechtel - SonaHess Drain 10 USA Bondstrand 3200A 2006
Great Western Supply Enterprise - Mont Belvieu, TX Mining (solution) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 USA Bondstrand 3300A 2005
Great Western Supply Gulf Coast Waste Dis Auth - Exhaust Factory Fabricated USA Bondstrand 5000-HT 2004
Pasadena, TX
Great Western Supply GCWDA - Pasadena, TX Efuent 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 5100-HT 2005
Great Western Supply GH Enterprises - Austin, TX Casing (monitor well) 5 to USA Centron DHC 2003
Great Western Supply GH Enterprises - Austin, TX Casing (monitor well) 5 to USA Centron DHC 2005
Harrington Plastics General Motors - Lansing, MI Power (process) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 2000 2004
Harrington Plastics Equa Chlor - Longview, WA Water (aquarium 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, USA Bondstrand 2000 2005
circulating) 12, 14, 16
Harrington Plastics Dept. of Water & Power Haynes Water (cooling) 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 2000 2005
Gen Stat - Long Beach, CA
Harrington Plastics Selas Fluids/Inneum - Linden, Factory-fabricated USA Bondstrand 4000 2005
NJ spools
Harrington Plastics General Motors - Lansing, MI Power (process) 2, 3, 4 USA Bondstrand 4000 2004
Harrington Plastics Mobil Oil Co. - Torrance, CA Water (process) 8, 16 USA Bondstrand 4000 2005
Harrington Plastics Water (process) 3, 6 USA Bondstrand 4000 2005
Harrington Plastics ConocoPhillips - Bayway, NJ Factory-fabricated USA Bondstrand 3000A 2006
spools
Harrington Plastics General Motors - Lansing, MI Power (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
Harrington Plastics Handford Tank Farms - Richland, Drain (hazardous) 2, 3, 4 USA Bondstrand 4000 in 2003
WA 2000
Harrington Plastics Handford Tank Farms - Richland, Drain (hazardous) 2, 3, 4 USA Bondstrand 4000 in 2003
WA 2000
Harrington Plastics Monterey Mechanical Drain (hazardous) 4 USA Bondstrand 5000-CX 2005
I & I, Inc. Water (cooling) 8, 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 2000 2005
I&I Tennessee Valley Authority Water (circulating) 14 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2006
Ipex Guardian Water (process) 3 USA 3000A 2005
Kirk Brothers Bellevue WPC Facility - Bellevue, Water (waste, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, USA Bondstrand 2000LD 2004
OH treatment) 12, 14, 16 ,18, 20
Marine Specialty Summit Pipe - Northport, AL Water (process) 4, 6 USA Bondstrand 2000 2004
Marine Specialty Hyundai Plant - Montgomery, AL Drain 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USA Bondstrand 4000 2003
Marine Specialty Drain 4, 6 USA Bondstrand 2000-CX 2005
McJunkin Corp. CITGO Renery - Lemont, IL Water (re ghting) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, USA Bondstrand 4000 2006
10, 12, 14
10, 12, 14
10, 12, 14
10, 12, 14
McJunkin Corp. Great Lakes Chemical/Chemtura Brine (solution-mined) 8 USA Bondstrand 3300A 2006
McJunkin Corp. Chestereld Power Plant Project, Gas (ue 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, USA Bondstrand 5100-AR 2006
Chestereld, VA, Engineered by desulfurization) 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,
Shaw, Stone & Webster 20, 24
McJunkin Corp. Well screens 2, 3, 8 USA Centron SP 2000 2005
Midco Supply State of IA, Glenwood Resource Water (cooling) 2, 3 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
Ctr
Pacic Mechanical Shell Oil - Wilmington, CA Water (process) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 2000M 2003
Pacic Mechanical Hoag Hospital - Newport Beach, Heating (district) 6, 8, 16 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2003
CA
Pacic Mechanical Pabco Gypsum - Las Vegas, NV Water (fresh) 10 USA Centron SPH 800 2004
Perma-Pipe Unknown - Insulated Pipe Heating (district) 4 USA Bondstrand 2000N 2005
Pipe Specialties Canada Mitsubishi/Dofasco Hot HCI pickling 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, USA Bondstrand 4000 2004
8, 10
Pipe Specialties Canada Mitsubishi/Dofasco Hot HCI pickling 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, USA Bondstrand 4000 2004
10, 12
Pipe Specialties Canada Nelson Steel Hot HCI pickling 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 4000 2004
Pipe Specialties Canada Come by Chance Renery and Water (re ghting) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, USA Bondstrand 2000M- 2003
NFLD Transshipment - New- 12, 14, 16 FP
foundland
Pipe Specialties Canada NARL Water (re ghting) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, USA Bondstrand 2000M- 2004
12, 14, 16 FP
Pipe Specialties Canada Nee-Milltown Colony - Elie, Heating (greenhouse) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
Manitoba
Pipe Specialties Canada Nee-Milltown Colony - Elie, Heating (greenhouse) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
Manitoba
Pipe Specialties Canada Nee-Milltown Colony - Elie, Heating (greenhouse) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2005
Manitoba
Pipe Specialties Canada Nee-Milltown Colony - Elie, Heating (greenhouse) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, USA Bondstrand 3000A 2005
Manitoba 12, 14, 16
Pipe Specialties Canada Nee-Milltown Colony - Elie, Heating (greenhouse) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2005
Manitoba
Pipe Specialties Canada Nor Atlantic Renery/Urecon Water (re ghting) 16 USA Bondstrand 3200/L 2003
- Quebec, Ont
Pipe Specialties Canada Bayer Water (process) 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, USA Bondstrand 4000, 2003
16, 18, 20 2410
Plastic Piping Products Fuel 4, 6, 12 USA Bondstrand 7000 2004
Plastic Piping Products Fuel 4, 5, 6, 8 USA Bondstrand 7000 in 2004
2000
Rovanco Unknown - Insulated Pipe Heating (district) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 USA Bondstrand 2000, 2003
3000A
Rovanco Unknown - Insulated Pipe Heating (district) 10, 12, 14 USA Bondstrand 3000A, 2003
3200A
Santa Clara Windustrial San Jose WCP - San Jose, CA Water (waste, treat- 8 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
ment)
Santa Clara Windustrial San Jose WCP - San Jose, CA Water (waste, treat- 8 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
ment)
Shook Construction Danbury township WWTP - Port Water (waste, treat- Factory Fabricated USA Bondstrand 3000A 2003
Clinton, OH ment)
Southeastern Ind Plastics Noonday Creek WRF - Atlanta, Water (waste, treat- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, USA HT VE 2004
GA ment) 12, 14, 16
Thermacor Process Virginia Beach Corr Ctr - Virginia Heating (district) 8 USA Bondstrand 2000-MP 2003
Beach VA
Valvax-McJunkin Kenworth Trucking - Chillicothe, Water (process) 1, 2, 3, 4 USA Bondstrand 2000, 2004
OH 2000-CX
Valvax-McJunkin Water (process) 8 USA Bondstrand 3000A 2004
Grupo Alvica Hamaca Upgrade - Venezuela Water (re - under- 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, Venezuela Bondstrand 3200/L, 2003
ground) 18, 20 2416
Omega SSP Petrolera Ameriven Oil (crude) 12, 20 Venezuela Bondstrand 3000A, 2005
2416
Yanez Asociados Hamaca Upgrade - Venezuela Oil (crude) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, Venezuela Bondstrand 3000A, 2003
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 2416
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 2416
12, 14, 16 ,18, 20 2416
Nippon Kansai Phu My 2.1 CCPP Process 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 12 Vietnam Bondstrand 4000 2002
Sembawang Engineers & Camau CCPP Phase I Water (cooling) 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 Vietnam Bondstrand 4000 2007
Constructors 10, 12
Sembawang Engineers & Camau CCPP Phase I Water (cooling) 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, Vietnam Bondstrand Iso 2007
Constructors 28, 30, 32 Resin
Group Headquarters
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

Key-Lock mechanical joint
Re-installable pipeline
using Bondstrand 3410 Glassber
Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) for Kolubara
Coal Mine
Project Kolubara Coal Mine 70 km from Beograd, Serbia
Client EPS (Electric Power Industry of Serbia) Beograd, Serbia
Pipe system Application: Transportation of ground water

Fluid: Ground water
Diameter: 8 inch (200 mm) 1000 meter
Diameter: 12 inch (300 mm) 1040 meter
Total quantity: 2040 meter
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 10 bar

Test pressure: 15 bar
Operating temperature: Ambient
Design temperature: 93C
Installation data Assembly: October 2006

Disassembly and re-installation: On-going from January 2007
Ameron 2007. FP 963 04/07. Page 1 of 4. Printed in The Netherlands.

Project description The river Kolubara basin is an area covering three municipalities in Sumadija and
Tamnava, with a coal reserve close to 4 billion tons. JP RB Kolubara is the largest
coal manufacturer in the state and the most powerful business partner within the
Serbian Energetic System (EBS).
By the end of the 20th century, in 1896, immediately after the invention of public
powerlines in Belgrade, coal excavation started in the Kolubara basin, spread across
600 km2. The town of Lazarevac is administrative center of the region and its devel-
opment in the past few decades was closely dependant of coal exploitation.
The basic activities of JPRB Kolubara are production, transport and trade of coal
and thermal energy. Besides that, the company is qualied and equipped for engi-
neering, maintenance, assembly and production of various mining constructions and
equipment.
Open pit mines Kolubara Pov. Kopovi and Tamnava West Field are the largest lignite
manufacturer in the country. The coal used to produce more than half the entire
energy production in the state with average annual scores of 25 million tons of coal.
Prior to coal, three times more overburden must be excavated, which is why dozens
of bucket wheel excavators, draglines, stackers and spreaders, conveyors and other
heavy mining machinery are running 24 hours a day, in three shifts.
Scope of supply Part of the existing steel pipeline was replaced with Bondstrand.
In order to work the Kolubara Coal Mine Fields, tthe ground water needs to be
lowered to allow appropriate working conditions for the digging machines. The water
coming from the wells is transported to the nearby River Kolubara through a pipe-
line.
Once the eld segment is completed, the pipeline is disassembled and moved to the
new eld segment where it is re-installed.
The Key-Lock joints proved to be very easy to re-assemble without the need for
heavy equipment and/or special tooling and it only required 2 people to move the
pipe to a new location. This would have been impossible with steel pipelines.
Early 2007, the rst 500 metre of Bondstrand pipe were disassembled and re-in-
stalled. The entire dismantling and re-assembly only took 2 days.
Advantages Light weight material;
Corrosion resistant;
Major reduction in (installation) costs and time;
Maintenance free;
Minimum long term service life 30 years;
Testimonial
Testimonial Letter UK translation Testimonial Letter

Serbian Electric Power Industry Kolubara Coal Mine Fields
Group Headquarters
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 1
Bondstrand 3400
for EWE in Germany
Installation of a
Bondstrand 3400 Glassfiber
Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)
brine pipe line for
EWE in Germany
AMERON 2006. FP 902 A 05/2006. PAGE 1 OF 12. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 2
CONTENTS PAGE
1. Project description 3
2. Project related companies involved 4
3. Why EWE selected GRE 4
4. TV 5
5. Inspection and field service 6
6. On-site situation 7
7. Elevations 7
8. Obstacles 8
9. Environment 8
10. Battleground 9
11. Archaeology 9
12. Groundwater table 9
13. Soil type 9
14. Logistics 10
15. Installation 10
16. Conclusion 11
Photo 1. Produced pipe at the Ameron B.V. premises in

Holland
EWE
Location: Rdersdorf - Heckelberg (10 km East of Berlin), Germany
Client: EWE (Ems Weser Elbegebiet) - Oldenburg, Germany
Pipe system: Bondstrand 3400 with Taper/Taper adhesive-bonded joint

Diameter: 18 inch (450 mm)
Total quantity: 54 km
Operating Conditions: Operating pressure: 17 bar

Operating temperature: Ambient
Design pressure: 20 bar
Test pressure: 26 bar
Design temperature: 60 C
Installation date: Completed: Fall 2002

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 3
Installation of a Bondstrand 3400

brine pipe line for EWE in Germany
1. Project description
In 2001, Ameron B.V.'s Fiberglass-Composite Pipe conditions for this type of storage.
Division secured the contract for an 18 inch
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) brine transport The caverns are shaped by controlled water injec-
line with a working pressure of 20 bar with a total tion. The salt water that is produced during this
length of 54 km. process is transported over a distance of 54 km to
Leading energy supply company EWE (Elbe Heckelberg, where it is injected in the under-
Weser Ems) planned to create four caverns, at a ground rock layers at 1000 m. depth.
depth of 1200 meters, 450 meters high and 100 Over 6.000.000 tons of brine with a specific
metres diameter with a volume up to 700.000 m3 gravity of 1200 kg/m3 will be pumped through
each in the underground salt layers of Rdersdorf, this line.
located some 30 km east of Berlin. The caverns Salt content is 300 kg/m3.
were created for storage of natural gas. Working temperature ranges 2C to 60C
Besides the salt, additional chemicals are
The gas is stored at high pressure up to 180 bar. added such as HCl (950 tons per year) and
This allows EWE to store gas during summer to citric acid (95 tons per year). The very corrosive
create a buffer for the winter period. The nature of this fluid was one of the selection
advantage is that EWE will be able to receive a criteria EWE used to select Bondstrand
more or less equal quantity of gas throughout the corrosion-resistant Glassfiber Reinforced
year yet can meet increased seasonal demands. Epoxy (GRE) pipe.
These underground salt layers provide excellent
Figure 1. Storage types (caverns) Photo 2. Loaded pipe ready for transport to Germany

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 4
The 54 km route runs through developed and rural leak detection system in the world of this size. The
areas with a large variety of landscapes and system is designed to detect a 0.5 litre/ minute
obstacles. Total installation window was restricted leakage. The cable consists of a small bore PE line
to just six months from start of excavation. containing a number of glass fibres. This way a
Due to environmental restrictions, a leak detection local change in temperature resulting from leakage
cable was buried underneath the pipe. It is the first can be detected.
2. Project related companies involved
Ameron B.V. was chosen as pipe supplier and is ECB was responsible for the survey and marking
also responsible for the installation. of the route.
Kusimex GmbH, Ameron B.V.s representative for GESO supplied the leak detection system.
Germany proved to be an important FINKE, specialists in large lengths pipe
intermediary during the preparation and transport, transported the pipes from the various
execution stages of this project. The Germany offloading locations to the actual installation site.
based contractor Bohlen & Doyen was selected TV from Munich (Germany) reviewed all
as contractor. calculations, material specifications and
Bohlen & Doyen is a Wiesmoor (North West procedures. A TV representative supervised
Germany) based company experienced with the entire installation, in collaboration with
large pipe line installation projects. Ameron B.V. field service engineers and the
Plecon controlled construction of the pipeline Ameron B.V. related material manager.
during the entire installation period, on behalf
of the client: EWE.
3. Why EWE selected GRE
Due to the very corrosive nature of the fluid the Remark: One of the largest advantages of GRE
following considerations were made: pipe is that it is corrosion resistant to a wide range
Select higher alloyed steel (e.g. 13CR, Duplex) of fluids and chemicals.
Thermoplastic lined carbon steel
Table 1. Overview project requirement EWE versus tailor made solution.
Advantages Disadvantages
Light weight (density 15% till 25% of steel) Damage susceptible
Corrosion resistant Limited range in pressure ratings/diameters
(although continually improving)
Reduced pump cost, internal roughness of
the pipe does not change over time Limited temperature range (<120C).
Durable (fatigue resistant)
Above statements are valid in general.
When focusing on the EWE project, following project requirements can be extracted.
Requirement Value

Diameter: 18
Temperature range: 2-60 C
Medium: Water + 300 kg salt/m3
Lifetime: 20 years
Environment: For environmental reasons, no leakage permitted
nor regular maintenance is allowed.
Solution: Optimized wall thickness for this application, approved by TV, 7.3 mm
structural wall and a liner of 0.5 mm. This pipe can be custom-made because
of the winding techniques, this is possible for applications in general.
An adhesive bonded joint (Taper/Taper) for maximum integrity
for the pressure of 20 bar and insurance for zero leakage and leak tight performance.
Corrosion and temperature is not an issue of any importance for GRE pipe in this case.
Internal roughness of the pipe will not be affected. The inner surface of the pipe will
remain smooth over time. This has a positive impact on the pipe flow, less turbulence
and less friction. These properties are by far superior when compared to steel.

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 5
Photo 3. Photo 4.
Stiffness test according to ASTM D-2412-87, witnessed by TV Test spool tested 1000hrs at 50 bar at Becetel Belgium
4. TV
External loading capacities Hydraulic design verification
Before technical approval could be obtained from To prove that the configuration as proposed by
TV, several tests had to be performed. To deter- Ameron B.V. is suitable for this project, (design
mine the influence of a wheel load on the pipe, a pressure 20 bar) it is widely accepted to perform a
calculation should first be made. In this calculation 1000 hour test according to ASTM D-1598. This
the value of the pipe stiffness is important. test is conducted at 66C and at a pressure of 2.5
Therefore an ASTM D-2412-87 test was executed times design pressure with water as the medium.
on three samples of 18 pipe sections to determine Photo 4 and Figure 3 show the specimens, includ-
this value. ing the Taper/Taper adhesive-bonded joint. The
entire configuration was tested at Becetel in
In order to understand the wording in the tables a Belgium. The configurations tested were: pipe with
brief explanation of the build-up of the pipe is Taper/Taper joint and a pipe spool including elbow
provided Figure 2. and reducing Tee.
Results of the test performed at TNO-industry,
are shown in Table 2. Based on the above tests, review of calculations,
The calculated values by TV are shown in Table 3. material specifications, test and inspection plan
and procedures, TV could give the go ahead.
Table 2: Stiffness test results TNO Table 3: Stiffness calculations TV

Test acc. ASTM D-2412-87 Specimen number Specimen Stiffness E-modulus Nennsteifigkeit
1 2 3 acc. Din acc. acc.
Average diameter dI [mm] 434 434 434 53769 T3 Din 53769 Din 16869
Average wall thickness sw [mm] 7.9 8.0 7.9 [N/mm2] T3 [N/mm2] T2
Specimen length l [mm] 298 298 298
Specimen weight [g] 6440 6444 6430 1 0.0901 22794 SN10000
PS as received 2 0.0940 23785 SN10000
5% deflection (y = 21.7 mm) [kPa] 619 610 610 3 0.0979 24776 SN10000
10% deflection (y = 43.4 mm) [kPa] 564 558 559 Based on these tests, the pipe was accepted for this application.
Because the above values could not be used as presented in the ATV
calculation, the E-modulus was calculated on basis of these test by TV
acc. DIN 53769 T3. Using DIN 16869 T2 the Nennsteifigkeit is determined
to be >SN10000.
Figure 2. Schematic view of typical build-up of wall of glass Figure 3.

reinforced epoxy pipe. Schematic view of Taper/Taper adhesive bonded joint

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 6
Photo 5. Mixing of two-component adhesive
5. Inspection and field service
TV
During the installation, a TV representative
Photo 6. Applying adhesive on sandpapered spigot checked:
Ameron B.V. procedures;
Layout, trenching, backfilling;
Hydro-testing.
Ameron B.V. checked:

Bonding procedures (Photos 5-8);
Handling of pipe;
Trenching sand-bedding, curvatures,
elevations, backfilling;
Hydro-testing.
Remark: An important issue around bonding is that

a pipe fitter also takes care of the traceability of
the joint. This was checked by TV.
List of items for traceability

During curing, registration of temperature and
Photo 7. Applying adhesive on a prepared bell end heating up of blanket;
Starting time of the cure;
Pipe fitter number;
Batch number. Adhesive/heating blanket number;
Measured temperature;
Temperature surrounding;
Date;
End time of the curing.
Photo 8. Marking for traceability of joint

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 7
Photo 9. Tailor made mitered elbow Photo 10. Occasionally quite extensive excavations were
necessary to meet the slope requirements.
6. On-site situation 7. Elevations
It took several years to establish routing of the The pipe followed the terrain resulting in many
pipeline. As the pipe runs through a rural area, one elevation changes. Without the use of special
of the obstacles surveyors had to overcome was to techniques, it would be impossible to drain the line
obtain permission of the many landowners whose in case of emergency. To be able to empty the line
properties had to be crossed. Besides the many in emergency situations, it was decided to install
properties owned by farmers, also church commu- vent valves at high points and drain valves at low
nities, railroad companies, local communities as points. Each of the 114 vents and drain valves
well as privately owned properties had to be were installed in a concrete pit. Besides the 2 inch
crossed. and 4 inch vent and drain valves, a total of five
Wherever possible, the pipeline routing followed remote controlled isolation valves (18 inch gate
the borders of the many properties. As most valves) were installed.
properties are rectangular, it was not possible, in
some cases, to use the natural flexibility of the The pipe flexibility was used to overcome the
pipe for direction changes. This resulted in the use elevation changes.
of more than 250 elbows, of which many were To reduce the number of the costly high and deep
tailor made (mitered) (Photo 9). Ameron B.V. points the trenches were dug in such a way that
manufacturing facilities in the Netherlands there was always a minimum slope. Slopes of 1 cm
(producing the pipe and special elbows) were per joint (12 meters) were realised with the aid of
pushed to the limit to produce and supply these laser-guided excavators. This approach of trench
elbows in time. preparation sometimes resulted in trench depths of
more than 5 meters. (Photo 10)

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 8
Photo 11. Drain techniques to cross small streams Photo 12. Environmental sensitive area
8. Obstacles 9. Environment
Many natural and man-made obstacles had to be Two biologists surveyed the pipe line routing
crossed, 10 small rivers and ditches, 4 main rural before activities took place. During the construc-
roads, 12 main roads (blacktop), 2 railroad tracks, tion they monitored all the activities. In some cases
4 main oil and gas lines, forest and nature the pipeline had to be re-routed because trees or
reserves. Most of these obstacles were crossed by other landmarks could not be disrupted. However,
means of thrust boring techniques. Where possi- the pipeline routing through a forested area could
ble, the Bondstrand pipe was not installed in the not be avoided. A 1.5 km long right of way had to
steel sleeve used for the thrust boring. In these be cleared through this forest. All kind of precau-
cases the steel sleeve was pushed out with the tions had been taken to keep the damage to the
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe. A maxi- surrounding nature to an absolute minimum. Trees
mum thrust force of 30 tons was calculated as had been covered with protective material. Thrust
maximum allowable thrust force. This method boring techniques were used to cross sensitive
saved material and thus money. areas and biodegradable hydraulic oil was used in
At one location a small river, considered as an all hydraulic equipment. All the waste was collect-
environmentally sensitive area, had to be crossed. ed and disposed of in a proper way. At the end all
To achieve this with minimal damage to the envi- landscapes have been restored as much as possi-
ronment, a 450 meter long section of GRE pipe ble. Part of the pipeline runs through a protected
was pulled through a bentonite filled bore hole piece of woodland under an existing forest road.
made by the horizontal drilling technique. The As the right of way was extremely narrow, down
GRE pipe section was pulled through without a sized equipment had to be used and all soil from
protection sleeve. To minimise the damage of the trenching had to be transported to a lay-by area.
pipe during pulling operation, the pipe section was All the adjacent trees had to be protected with
filled with water. This created a zero buoyancy wood. (Photo 12)
situation allowing the pipe section to be pulled
through with minimum friction and contact with
hidden rocks and other sharp objects.
The two small streams Muhlenflies and the

Sophienflies took a lot of efforts to cross. Areas
next to the stream were very swampy and had to
be drained in order to be
able to dig the trench and install the crossing pipe
sections. Special drain techniques were needed to
get the job done. (Photo 11)

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 9
Photo 13. Archaeological excavations Photo 14. Special self-propelled screening machine
10. Battlegrounds 12. Groundwater table
The area were the pipeline was installed was the Part of the route survey was to map ground water
scene of the battle between the Russian and levels. Before trench excavation started, a small
German army defending Berlin in the last days of hole was dug every 100 meters to see if there was
the 2nd World War. Before any excavation work ground water present at a depth of 1.8 meter.
could start, the route had to be checked for live Despite these surveys, ground water was still
ammunition in order to ensure a save installation. found in unexpected locations and even at hilltops.
Nothing except several pieces of World War 2 To fight the water, additional measures had to be
scrap was found. taken in order to manage the water by means of
pumps and drainage tubing. At some times over
40 Diesel powered pump units were in use,
11. Archaeology divided over several locations.
The area is known for archaeological findings.

Some parts of the route were known to be of 13. Soil type
historical interest. The installation of this pipeline
made it necessary to examine the known sites, as Over the entire route the soil contained large
they would be destroyed during the installation amounts of stones ranging from the size of an egg
work. One large and a few smaller sites of interest up to the size of a minivan. The risk of damage by
were found. A large prehistoric settlement was falling stones and the fact that a trench could not
found of over 400 meters in length. Many remains be left open for a long period in an inhabited area
of buildings and fireplaces were found including a were the reasons that the trenches were closed
nearly finished and polished stone axe. These immediately after the pipe was lowered.
archaeological surveys had to be completed Special self-propelled screening plants had to be
before the installation could start. (Photo 13) hired to produce the first layer of clean back-fill
material. (Photo 14)
Despite these actions several impact damages

due to falling stones had to be repaired using the
tie-in method.

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 10
Photo 15. Transporting pipe to site Photo 16. Lowering of pipe into the trench
14. Logistics 15. Installation
The pipes were transported by truck from the The final route was first clearly marked by the
factory in Holland to the off-load areas near the surveyors. Next, the fertile top layer was removed
jobsite. Each truck could haul 25 pipes per trip. over the full width of the right of way and stored
A total of 4700 pipes had to be transported by separately.
188 truckloads. Upon arrival a German company
named FINKE unloaded the pipes. This company Three installation crews were active.
specialises in pipe transport and handling. They The first crew made double pipe joints.
used a 4 axle all terrain truck equipped with a The second crew then followed bonding the
vacuum device to lift the pipes. The pipes were remaining joints and creating a pipe string of
picked up with a large saddle that was 1000 meter.
vacuumized, so holding the pipe. This
equipment made it possible to handle the pipe The third crew, after trenching, installed the leak
with a single person. FINKE was able to unload detection cable in the sand bed at the bottom of
5 truckloads of 25 pipes per day. They also the trench and covered with about an inch of sand.
transported and strung the pipe on site with Then the pipe string was lowered by means of
1 truck and a crew of 2 persons, of which one three excavators equipped with cradles.
person handled the wooden sleepers. (Photo 15) (Photo 16)
The pipes where strung along the pipeline route A pipe line padder first backfilled the trench at the
without using intermediate storage. To minimize the sides of the pipe. This first part of the backfill was
transport distance on site, a large number of compacted with a hydraulic driven compactor
unload locations were used, such as public attached to an excavator. (Photo 17)
parking spaces, farms, farmland etc. Although
more than 4700 pipes were handled, not a single Before continuation of the backfill, a 2 inch
pipe got damaged as a result of transport and polyethylene pipe with communication cable was
handling. laid next to the GRE pipeline followed by the final
backfill.

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 11
Photo 17. Compaction of the soil Photo 17. Contractor Bohlen & Doven
16. Conclusion Literature
Substantial credit must be given to the contractor, 1. Technical Bulletin 1 (TB-1): Introduction into
BOHLEN & DOYEN for the installation of this glass reinforced plastics, Ameron B.V., March
pipeline. They showed to be a reliable partner 1997.
working closely together as a team with Ameron 2. Becetel Report No. 5166: Hydrostatic pressure
B.V. and other companies involved. test on glass-fibre reinforced test spool 18 inch
for EWE.
Although the job was completed successful also 3. Bureau Veritas Inspection Report No. RTD.001.
here lessons were learned: rev. 0 18 inch spool series 3400.
1. The geological situation learned that no matter 4. TV Report Fremdberwachung des
how thorough or exact a survey is, it will not Scheiteldruckversuches der Fa. Ameron B.V. bei
show all the obstacles that mother earth can put TNO Eindhoven, NL, am 11.9.2001 und
in your way. Besprechung bei Ameron B.V. am 12.9.2001.
2. Once more it was proven that complicated jobs 5. TNO Report BU4.01/040463-2/MS Ring stiffness
can be completed successfully with the right of a 18 inch GRE pipe.
people and equipment. 6. 3 R International, Zeitschrift fr die
3. The bonded joint is a reliable joint which proved Rohrleitungspraxis, Schwerpunkt 3/2002, page
to be easily made under most circumstances. 173/176 Planung einder 54 km langen
4. Installation speed could be maintained even GfK-Rohrleitung fr den Solprozess des
under difficult weather and terrain conditions. Brandenburger Gasspeichers Rdersdorf.
5. Ameron B.V. manufacturing proved to be most
flexible, making last minute orders come in time.
When designed well, manufactured and installed Available footage:

properly, Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)
proves to be a reliable material which fully meets Contact Ameron B.V. for Installation DVD.
its expectations.

EWE (9)+BV 27-04-2006 12:38 Pagina 12
Group Headquarters
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

Ameron International Corporation Centron International, Inc. Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd
Key-Lock joint
Buried rewater ring main
and seawater line
using Bondstrand 3420 Glassber
Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe system
with Key-Lock mechanical joints
Project DeKastri Export Terminal Sakhalin Island, Russia

EPC-2 Pipelines and Export Terminal
Client Van Leeuwen Buizen - Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands
Pipe system Service: Buried rewater ring main and seawater line
Product: Bondstrand 3420 with Key-Lock mechanical joints
Diameter: 4-16 inch (100-400 mm)
Total quantity: 8.500 m
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 18,3 bar

Test pressure: 30,0 bar
Design temperature: -45C to + 65C
Medium: Seawater
Installation date 2005

Description The Sakhalin Island project is the largest foreign direct investment project in Russia
for oil and gas development on the northeast shelf of Sakhalin Island.
Exxon Neftegas Limited, an afliate of ExxonMobil, develops and operates Phase 1
and has awarded an EPC contract to Nippon Steel Corporation. One of the projects
is the DeKastri Export Terminal. Nippon Steel in turn awarded John Brown a contract
for the front end engineering and detail design for the Terminal.
The contract to supply piplines and construction steel was awarded to Van Leeuwen
Buizen (VLB) from The Netherlands, a large supplier and retailer of steel. VLB has
chosen Ameron to become their sub-supplier for the non-metal pipe systems.
Bondstrand 3420 was selected for the seawater conveying line from the shore 4.5
kilometers to the Terminal re protection system which itself is 4.0 kilometer long.
The pipeline and ring main systems have a 16 inch diameter with numerous take-
offs for hydrants and monitors of 4 and 6 inch. The ring main is buried three meters
below ground underneath the frost-line and designed to accommodate 18,3 bar pump
discharge pressure. As seismic activity has been recorded in the area, the pipe system
must be capable of withstanding some moderate seismic events. Some winters are
characterized by temperatures down to -45C and warm pleasant summers are
unusual in this area.
Initial specications called for HDPE pipelines, but due to insufcient withstanding
to severe climate conditions and required design pressure, this material was
considered unsuitable compared to Bondstrand Glasber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)
pipe systems.
Advantage Key-Lock mechanical joints offer easy installation under

severe (artic) conditions;
No loss of mechanical strength due to sub zero temperatures;
Excellent ow properties resulting in low pumping cost;
Reduction of total installation costs and time;
Minimum long-term service life 30 years;
Corrosion resistant;

Pipe Group Pipe Group Pipe Pipe Group
9720 Cypresswood Drive, Suite 325 P.O. Box 878 Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd
Houston, Texas 77070 Burkburnett, Texas 76364 P.O. Box 6 No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
U.S.A. U.S.A. 4190 CA Geldermalsen Jurong
Phone: (+1) 832 912 8282 Phone: (+1) 940 569 1471 The Netherlands Singapore 639407
Fax: (+1) 832 912 9393 Fax: (+1) 940 569 2764 Phone: (+31) 345 587 587 Phone: (+65) 6861 6118
e-mail: marcom@ameronfpd.com Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
website: http://www.ameron.com e-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl e-mail: info@ameron.com.sg
website: http://www.ameron-fpg.nl website: http://www.ameron.com.sg
Taper/Taper joint
Methanex - Methanol Plant
Train IV
using Bondstrand 3410 and 3416
pipe system with Taper/Taper
Project Methanex Train IV expansion of Methanex Methanol plant - Punta Arenas, Chile
Client Lurgi Oel - Gas Chemie GmbH, subsidiary of Lurgi AG in Frankfurt am Main,
Germany
Pipe system Fire water service (+ 2.000 m. pipe and 400 ttings):
Bondstrand 3416 - Diameter: 4, 6 and 10 inch (100, 150 and 250 mm)
Sea water cooling service (+ 3.700 m. pipe and 2600 ttings):

Bondstrand 3410 - Diameter: 2-72 inch (50-1800 mm)
Operating conditions Fire water Cooling water

Design pressure 16 bar 10 bar
Test pressure 24 bar 15 bar
Design temperature: re water 80 C seawater 80 C
Both applications are buried as well as suspended on pipe supports
Installation Completed in 4th quarter 2004

Description During 2005, this Methanol plant is scheduled to go on stream in Punta Arenas, located
in southern Chile near the Straits of Magellan. The plant will produce 840,000 tons
of methanol per year. Lurgi has built the plant for Methanex, the largest methanol
producer worldwide, on an EPC lump-sum basis.
The concept applied in the plant was developed by Lurgi and is based on pure auto
thermal reforming of natural gas with oxygen, using a purge gas from plants already
existing at the location to adjust the gas quality. This innovative gas generation concept
leads to an extremely economical production of cost-effective methanol in this plant.
Methanol as an energy carrier and petrochemical raw material, is increasingly

receiving attention as an alternative to crude oil, since experts estimate that natural
gas resources will still be available in 150 years from now - unlike those of crude oil.
Methanol is therefore an essential raw material for the chemical industry and offers very
cost-efcient options for the downstream production of petrochemicals and synthetic
fuels. The plant technology used for Methanex constitutes a cost-effective method of
converting natural gas into methanol.
In line with the cost-effectiveness of the constructed plant, Lurgi selected the Bondstrand
3400 Glassber Reinforced Epoxy pipe series to be installed for the Fire water- and
Sea water cooling systems for long term maintenance- and trouble free operation of
the facility. Methanex has been using large quantities of Bondstrand materials before
in Train II and III with great satisfaction.
Cooling water line under construction in Train III

Prior to the nal award of the contract for the supply of the Glassber Reinforced Epoxy
materials early 2003 as well as in preparation of the Engineering activities, Lurgi Oel
Gas Chemie GmbH was intensively supported by Ameron with the necessary details
to make this huge export project a success. Among other, following key issues were
dealt with by Ameron from initiation until nalization of product supply in Chile.
Optimize pipe sizes and recommend most suitable jointing techniques

Support client design ofce with piping class specication in conjunction with
proposed Bondstrand pipe series
Supply of PDS catalogues for the client to use in the Intergraph CAD system for
pipe design
Engineering support to client in Germany and Poland
Certied training of installation contractor at Ameron facility for all materials and
installation tools/equipment in the scope of supply
The use of installation tools/equipment by the installation contractor preparing

calibrated pipe spigots in local site workshop
Submittal of customized project installation manual

Design, prefabrication and supply of tie-in points to existing systems
Design, prefabrication and supply of 72 inch suction head spools for sea water
inlet lines
Seawater suction heads packed n 40-ft open container for shipment to Chili

Upon completion of the Train IV installation, some 5700 meters of pipe and 3000 ttings
were shipped and put in place by local main installation contractor Sigdo Koppers and its
subcontractor Industrial Composites Exbro S.A. for Glassber Reinforced Epoxy Pipe.
All pipe lengths supplied were congured with integral male and female ends. Fittings
have integral female ends. With exception of the Tie-in spools which were shipped
prefabricated, all pipe and ttings were assembled on site by Taper adhesive bonded
jointing method. As anticipated by Ameron, site assembly proved to be favorable for
Lurgi over supply of prefabricated spools for the following reasons:
Lower costs for sea-freight due to maximized stowing in
40-ft box containers
Flexibility to adapt to in-situ pipe arrangement changes on jobsite
where high pipe and tting intensity is involved
Easy to install, female-ended ttings for assembly of complex piperack routings

No need for complicated spool- and isometric spool arrangement drawings
Availability of installation tools and equipment for all pipe sizes in the scope
State of the art M87XL and M95 pipe shavers in operation

Houston TX 77280 Burkburnett, Texas 76364 P.O. Box 6 No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
website: http://www.ameron.com e-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl e-mail: info@ameron.com.sg
Quick-Lock joint
Utility lines for Odfjell
Terminals Rotterdam
using Bondstrand 2000G
pipe system with Quick-Lock
Project Odfjell Terminals, Rotterdam - The Netherlands
Client Odfjell Terminals Rotterdam b.v.

Engineer: Tebodin Engineering Consultants
Contractor: Visser & Smit Hanab b.v.
Pipe system Service: Fire water, foam lines, industrial water, nitrogen supply,
air lines and sprinkler lines
Product: Bondstrand 2000 G
Diameter: 2 through 10 inch (50-250 mm)
Total quantity: 2.600 meter
Operating conditions Test pressure: 16 bar

Operating pressure: 10 bar
Installation date April 2004 - March 2005

Description Odfjell expands her activities in Rotterdam with a new chemical tankpit. The storage
tanks are made from stainless steel and designed for multi purpose chemical
storage.
The total project has been designed by Tebodin Engineering Consultants. Safety and
low maintenance costs were the key words in this project. All lines are painted with an
Ameron paint on the outside so the function of the line can easily be recognized.
Scope of supply Visser en Smit Hanab b.v. awarded the delivery of Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE)
spools, installation at site of all above ground pipe work in the plant and on the pipe
racks to Amerplastics Europa b.v. in Terneuzen.
Advantage * Corrosive resistant utility pipe systems

* Lower costs of ownership
* Design lifetime of 50 years
* Maintenance free
* Safer operation towards the environment
Piperack in tankpit

website: http://www.ameron.com e-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl email: info@ameron.com.sg
Taper/Taper
Utility lines for Tankterminal
Oiltanking Terneuzen bv
using Bondstrand 3410, 3416 and 2000G
Quick-Lock pipe system with Taper/Taper and
Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints
Project Tankterminal Oiltanking Teurneuzen bv - The Netherlands
Client Oiltanking Terneuzen (100% subsidiary of Marquard & Bahls A.G. Germany)
Pipe system Service: rewater, foam lines, industrial water, sewer system, nitrogen gas
supply airlines, sleeve pipes
Product: Bondstrand 3410, 3416 and 2000 G
Diameter: 2 through 24 inch (50- 600 mm)
Total quantity: 8.662 meter
Operating conditions Application OP DP TP OT Length

Firewater 16 16 24 ambient 3.260
Foam lines 16 16 24 ambient 1.280
Industrial water 10 16 15 ambient 1.655
Sewer system 0 10 7 ambient 1.250
Nitrogen gas 10 16 15 ambient 455
Airlines 10 16 15 ambient 455
Sleeve pipes n.a. 20 n.a. n.a. 307
OP = Operating Pressure DP = Design Pressure

TP = Test Pressure OT = Operating Temperature
Installation date August 2004 - April 2005

Description Oiltanking is investing 40 million Euro in building a new bulk terminal for the storage
and transshipment of chemicals at the Mosselbanken in Terneuzen, The Netherlands.
DOW Benelux and Oiltanking have signed a contract for the construction of the rst
phase of the terminal complex. The terminal will have a tank capacity of 156.000 cbm,
the volume of the tanks will vary from 500 up to 20.000 cbm. The terminal eventually
will have a maximum capacity of approximately 335.000 cbm.
Oiltanking owns and operates 68 terminals with a total capacity exceeding 10 million
cbm in 17 countries.
Scope of supply The purchase order for the complete design, CAD drawings, procure of services and
equipment, fabricate, delivery of GRE spools, civil works and installation at site was
awarded by Tebodin Consultants & Engineers (The Hague) to Amerplastics, Ameron
distributor for the Benelux.
Advantage * Corrosive resistant utility pipe systems;

* Lower cost of ownership;
* Design life time of 50 years;
* Maintenance-free.
Bondstrand buried utility pipelines

website: http://www.ameron.com e-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl email: info@ameron.com.sg
Taper/Taper joint
District heating line
Bondstrand 3410
pipe system using Taper/Taper
Project Zalaegerszeg, 220 km west of Budapest - Hungary.
Client Efen Kft (for the Municipality of Zalaegerszeg).
Pipe system 4.300 m. Bondstrand 3410 with Taper/Taper adhesive-bonded joints.

Diameter: 200 mm. (8 inch).
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 6 bar

Operating temperature: 70C
Design temperature: 93C
Fluid: geothermal water
Installation date Fall 2004.

Description The 200 mm Bondstrand pipeline runs from a thermal well to the swimming pools
of Aquacity. Besides heating this thermal bath, the system will also be used for
transportation of thermal water to the Zalaegerszeg hospital, which is located
close to the thermal well. The pipes were pre-insulated by Isoplus Kft from
Budapest using a polyurethane foam with a HPE outside layer. During installation,
performed by Aquaplus Kft from Szeged, insulation material (PU foam) was injected
at the joints. In the future, this pipeline will be extended to provide heating for
other buildings.
Bondstrand Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipes have an extremely low

thermal conductivity. Because of this characteristic, in comparison with traditional
steel piping systems, thermal losses are kept to a minimum and therefore starting
temperatures of the heating system can be lower, having a direct effect on the
energy costs. Also, less insulation material was required.
Together with their high corrosion resistance and easy installation, Bondstrand
pipe and fittings offer the ideal and most cost-effective solution for district heating
systems.
Description Ameron has gained extended knowledge and has built long-term experience in
the supply of products for district heating services, starting in the early 1980s.
Corrosion resistance;
Maintenance-free;
Reduction in installation cost and time;
Minimum long-term service life of 20 years;
Light-weight material.
Pre-insulated Bondstrand 3410 pipeline, transporting thermal water

website: http://www.ameron.com Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
e-mail: marcom@ameronfpd.com website: http://www.ameron-fpg.nl website:http://www.ameron.com.sg
e-mail: info@ameron-fpg.nl e-mail: info@ameron.com.sg
Taper/Taper
Hammerfest LNG Plant
using Bondstrand 3410
pipe system with Taper/Taper
Project Statoil Civil 2 Works - Contaminated Sewer System

Melkya Island, Hammerfest - Norway.
Client AFS PHIL Group, Oslo - Norway.
Pipe system Bondstrand 3410 in diameters 2 through 36 inch (50-900 mm).

Total quantity: 5.000 meter (pipe)
2.000 items (fittings).
Operating conditions Open-ended gravity sewer system for transportation of a mixture of leak fluids
from the process systems (condensate with BTX-components, hot oil, inhibitors,
sodium-hypochlorite, etc).
The contaminated sewer system is exposed to fluids with temperatures in

excess of 100C.
Installation date Anticipated completion: 4th quarter 2004.

Description Norwegian oil company Statoil - on behalf of the Snhvit licensee group- commenced
preparations for the first export facility for liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the
Snhvit field in the Barents Sea. This field consists of a subsea development
connected to an LNG plant located onshore near Hammerfest. Huge volumes of
gas deep beneath the Barents Sea will be piped ashore, cooled down and shipped
by special gas carriers to Spain and the US.
The LNG plant is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2005.
Shipment of gas starts in 2006, and will continue for more than 20 years.
In August 2003, Ameron was awarded the contract for the supply of the Contaminated
Sewer System within the construction of the LNG Plant for Statoil. The Bondstrand
3410 Taper series was selected for the interconnecting piping between the concrete
man-holes and drain pits. Puddle flanges for the concrete wall penetrations were
part of the supply. Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe and fittings were required
to safeguard a long term and corrosion resistant transport of various mixtures of
chemicals for this underground part of the system.
Prior to the construction start, an extensive installation assembly training was

conducted by Ameron at site. Consequently, all pipe fitters involved were fully certified
as per end-user requirement. This local training enabled a swift and trouble-free
start of pipe and fitting assembly by the client. An Ameron supervisor assisted
throughout the initial phase of installation, supporting the client with practical
recommendations that increased, efficiency and anticipated with solutions.
Installation tools and equipment from Ameron, capable for pipe sizes up to 40 inch
(1000 mm) were available for the preparation and assembly of the joints. Hereby
time consuming and weather dependant handlaminations were avoided.
As discussed and foreseen during the negotiations preceding the contract, the use
of pipe and fittings manufactured with integrated male and female ends resulted in
very satisfactory construction progress. With this product configuration, a high
consistance in the quality of jointing reproduction is achieved.
Puddle flanges for

concrete wall penetration
Installed puddle flange Installation of interconnecting pipe between drain pits

ready for cementation

Houston TX 77280
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Quick-Lock
Reconstruction of the North
Runway at Frankfurt Airport
Bondstrand 3400 Glassfiber Reinforced
Epoxy (GRE) pipe system using
Quick-Lock no-shave joints
Photo: Fraport AG
Project Fraport, Frankfurt Airport - Germany.
Client Kirchhoff-Heine Strassenbau Gmbh & Co. KG - Langenargen, Germany.
Pipe system Bondstrand 3400 series pipe and Quick-Lock no-shave joints.
Diameter: 4 and 8 inch (100 and 200 mm).
Total quantity: 24 km (14.000 m of 4 inch and 10.000 m of 8 inch).
Operating conditions Cable duct piping embedded in an airport runway.

System integrity was verified by buried pipe design calcuation according
to AWWA M45.
Installation date Anticipated completion: First quarter 2005.

Description Fraport selected Bondstrand Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe with
thermo-hardened characteristics and its superior ringstiffness at elevated
temperature for reconstruction of the existing 4 km long North runway, with a
60 m. width.
A total of 24.000 meter Bondstrand 3400 pipe is used for cable duct piping to
feed electricity to the runway lights. Quick-Lock no-shave joints are used to
reduce installation time. As no bonding is required, assembly of pipe and
fittings is an easy cut and fit operation.
Reconstruction* is performed in five well-planned phases of approximately ten

weeks each. As Fraport is the largest and busiest airport in Germany, precision
of night planning was crucial. Each night the runway is closed for air-traffic at
22:00 hours and opened again at 06:00 hours, during which time a 15 m (length)
by 60 m (width) existing concrete layer is removed; the cable duct piping
installed and a new 65 cm cover of hot asphalt applied in various layers.
* A project documentary, produced by the national German television netwerk

ARD is available on request.
Bondstrand Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe was selected by Fraport for
its excellent mechanical and physical properties. The product has proven to be
capable of handling the loads of compacted asphalt mix at 130 C as well as the
highest runway loading pressure anticipated for this runway, based on an A380-
900 Airbus with a 600 metric ton take-off weight.
The first Bondstrand materials ready to be embedded A section of 15x60 meter removed concrete with
by several layers of asphalt at 130C. pre-installed Bondstrand to be backfilled with asphalt

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Quick-Lock
Seawater supply line
using Bondstrand 2000G and
Taper/Taper
Bondstrand 3410
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipes
and fittings with adhesive-bonded joints
Project "Boiler Feed Water Supply Project".
Client Dow Chemicals - Benelux, Terneuzen site - The Netherlands.
Supplier Amerplastics Europa BV., Terneuzen - The Netherlands.
Pipe system A total of almost 7,500 m. in diameters: 6" (2.100 m), 8" (900 m), 10" (1.000m),
16" (1.000 m), 18 "(450 m) and 20" (2.000 m) using Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy
pipe series Bondstrand 2000 G with Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints and
Bondstrand 3410 with Taper/Taper adhesive-bonded joints.
Operating conditions Maximum operating pressure: 8 bar. Design pressure: 10 bar.

Test pressure: 15 bar. Operating temperature: 40C.
Installation date 2000.

Ameron 2001 FP 877 - 04/01. Printed in The Netherlands.
Description As part of a billion dollar investment of Dow Chemicals in Terneuzen, a new Process
Water Plant was built. The new facility produces process water from seawater.
The Plant operates according to the principle of reversed osmosis at an elevated
temperature.
In order to optimise the energy efficiency of the process as much as possible, Dow
chose to utilise the Seawater Cooling Return to feed the osmosic Water Plant. This
resulted in an extension of the existing Bondstrand cooling system which was already
substantial. The selection of Bondstrand was the obvious choice, as Dow Chemicals
have been using Bondstrand Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) systems since
1968.
Dow Chemicals have been using Bondstrand for:

Fire water
Chemical sewerage
Demineralized water
Steam condensate return
Seawater cooling lines
Various process lines

Houston TX 77280
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Quick-Lock joint
Wet scrubber system
using Bondstrand 4000 and 3400
glassfiber reinforced epoxy pipe and
Bondstrand 5000 vinylester pipe
with Quick-Lock joints and fittings
Location Birka Energi AB, Bio Refuse Incineration Plant Hgdalen, Stockholm - Sweden.
Client YIT Projektrr AB.

Designed by: ABB Environmental AB.
Pipe system Bondstrand 4000 and 5000 with Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints.
Diameters 1-16 inch (25-400 mm).
Bondstrand 3400 for prefabricated spools diameter: 24 inch (600 mm).
Total pipe length: approx. 275 meters. Total fittings 400+.
Contract value: US$ 150.000.
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 6 bar. Test pressure: 10 bar.

Operating temperature: 80C. Ambient temperature: between -25 to +25C.

Description Bondstrand pipe systems were selected to handle highly corrosive effluents, acid
wash water and alkaline wash water for the scrubber system.
The ABB wet scrubber system is highly effective and capable of complying with
both current and future regulations concerning flue gas cleaning for waste
incineration plants.
Advantages Reduction in installation costs and time

Design service life of 20 years
Corrosion resistance
Improved flow characteristics
Maintenance-free
Light-weight material
Acid washing stage pump Tank connection water cleaning

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Quick-Lock joint
Condensate return lines
using Bondstrand series 2000 glassfiber
reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and fittings
with Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints
Location CPPE "Sines" Portugal Thermal Electric Power Plant.
Client CPPE Electricity of Portugal.
Pipe system Bondstrand series 2000 glassfiber reinforced epoxy pipe system with
Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints.
Total quantity 700 meters: 600 meter with diameter 300 mm (12 inch)
100 meter with diameter 150 mm (6 inch)
Contract value: 125.000 including dismantling, supply & installation.
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 2 bar.

Design pressure: 10 bar. Test pressure: 15 bar.
Service temperature: 110 C.
Medium: Condensate demineralized water.
Installation date Spring 2000.

Description This project is the 8th consecutive successfull project with CPPE since 1984.
Contractor: Setusolda, Ameron representative in Portugal.
The two new Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy lines replaced four corroded steel lines
that contained many leaks caused by internal corrosion. The steel lines were
installed between 1985-1990 in a dry pit to limit external corrosion. The steel
pipes had to be coated regularly.
Using Bondstrand (GRE) glassfiber reinforced epoxy pipes, the new lines do not
require maintenance, since the product is corrosion-free and offers better flow due
to the smooth internal liner. The resin mix provides long-term resistance.
Complete installation was finished in less than two months (less than half the time
compared to steel pipelines). As a result, CPPE saved on material as well as on
installation cost. During operation, CPPE will furthermore save on maintenance
cost.
Advantages Reduction in installation costs and time

Minimum long-term service life of 20 years
Maintenance-free
Light-weight material

Houston TX 77280
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Centron and Bondstrand
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy
pipe systems for Cable Ducting
Centron and Bondstrand pipe using
SP and SPH threaded joints and
Key-Lock mechanical joints
Location Rail Service Center Maasvlakte, Rotterdam - The Netherlands.
Client Vermeer Infra and Ballast Nedam, The Netherlands.
Pipe system Centron series 4SP 600 and 6SPH 400 pipe with resp. SP and SPH threaded joints
Diameters: 4"and 6" (100-150mm). Quantity: 12.000 m. Bondstrand series 3414
with Key-Lock mechanical joints; Diameter: 14" (350mm). Quantity: 140 m.
Operating conditions Cable duct piping under railroad, resisting severe loads due to intensive train traffic.
System integrity was verified by buried pipe design calculation accoording to
AWWA M45.
Ameron 1999 - FP 715 10/99. Printed in The Netherlands.

Description Piping systems are used for guiding and protection of an enormous quantity of
underground electrical cables, which are part of a fully electronic operating and
control system. With this system, the entire container handling is performed
electronically on two sides of the railroad terminal. Because of the relatively short
construction period and the large quantity of pipes, fast jointing was a must.
By using Centron SP and SPH threaded joints and Key-Lock mechanical joints,
these objectives were fully achieved.
Advantages Due to corrosion of steel pipes, stiffness is reduced and deformation or collapse
is possible, resulting in ground settlement. This can have severe consequences
for railroad operations. For this reason, steel piping is less frequently used for
ducting or horizontal casing applications. In fact, in some cases steel is not
allowed anymore and Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe is preferred. The
performance of GRE pipe is not affected by corrosion resulting in securing the
safety requirements imposed by the intensive train traffic loads.
Detail picture of concrete cable crossing pit with

penetrations for cable duct piping.
Concrete cable crossing pit.

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Bondstrand Case History
Key-Lock Joint
Column piping for salt water
well of steel-mill
using Bondstrand fiberglass pipe and
fittings with Key-lock mechanical joints
Location Hoogovens, IJmuiden Steel-mill - The Netherlands.
Client Amerplastics BV., Terneuzen - The Netherlands.
Pipe system Bondstrand series 3400 with mechanical joints including anti-rotation pins.
Quantity: 25 strings of 9 meters length in 150 mm (6") diameter.
Service: Salt water wells for cooling water application.
Operating conditions Pressure: 6-20 bar.

Temperature: 8 to 12C.
Installation date Between 1990 - 1996.
Ameron 1998 FP 711 08/98. Printed in the Netherlands.
1
Description Over 25 well column pipes were installed replacing Rilson coated steel.
Steel pipes have to be checked for corrosion every six months. Bondstrand pipe
eliminates the need for frequent inspection and the well remains operative without
any inspection cost throughout the service-life of the pump (approx. 10 years).
Total operational cost of the wells were reduced to 1/3 of the original cost compared
with steel.
Advantages Why Bondstrand fiberglass pipe was selected:

Reduction in Capital and Operational expenditure
Reduction in installation costs and time
Little or no maintenance
Lightweight material
Easy mechanical jointing
Assembly Column pipe units are manufactured with integral male x male Key-Lock me-
chanical joints for configuration with two locking keys and anti-rotation pins.
A Key-Lock coupling female x
female for 2-key configuration with
special length groove for stopper
pins will connect the column pipe
units. Sealing of the joint by
means of an elastomeric O-ring.
No adhesive bonding joints or
welding is required.
Detail picture of column pipe joint assembly

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Quick-Lock joint Faam Lines far Tankparks
using Bondstrand@ fiberglass pipe and
fittings with Quick-Loc~
adhesive-bonded joint
Location Europoort Rotterdam -The Netherlands.
Client Maatschap Europoort Terminal (owned by FINA and RUHR CEL.)
Pipe system Bondstrand@ serie 2000 with Quick-Loc~ adhesive-bonded joints

Diameter 11/2 -4 inch (40 -200 mm).

Fluid: water and liquid faam.
Design pressure: 16 bar.
Installation date 1995-1998.
@ Ameron 1998 FP 672 08/98. Printed in the Netherlands. Page 1 of 2
~
Description The pipe system is used in case of seal fire. The so called "root" is floating on
the tank liquid to prevent gas forming under the roof. As soon as a fire is detec-
ted, largequantities of foam will be injected in the rim space directlyon the liquid
surface under the seal. This will immediately extinguish the seal fire.
Advantages Bondstrand@ was seleGted tor its Gorrosion resistanGe Gombined with very low
maintenanGe GOst.The pipe system is in faGt a dry system. It is only used in Gase
of hazardous situations, or fire.
Bondstrand@ pipe eliminates the risk of sGaling, that Gauses bloGking of the foam
nozzles. The low E-modulus of GRE pipel, Gompared to the E-modulus of steel,
enabled a smaller bending radius, thus avoiding the use of large amounts of
elbows to be built around the tank roof. The straight Bondstrand@ pipe lengths
Gould be instalied as one ring-Iine with a diameter of 64 meters. The number of
pipe joints was reduGed whiGh resulted in a very tast installation.

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Quick-Lock joint
Mining Waste Water Treatment
using Bondstrand fiberglass pipe and
fittings with Quick-Lock and Taper/Taper
Taper/Taper joint
Location North Bohemia, Strz pod Ralskem - Czech Republic.
Client Resources Conservation Company International (RCCI) for the

State Mining Company, Czech Republic.
Pipe systems Bondstrand 2000, 3400, 4000 and 5000 with Quick-Lock and Taper/Taper
adhesive-bonded joints.
Sizes: 1-36 inch (25-900 mm).
Value: + Dfl. 1.500.000.
Service Various process trains, such as: Cooling Water Lines;

Ammonium Alum Lines; Electrolyte Lines and Ferric Solutions Lines.
Ameron 1998 FP 347 04/98. Printed in The Netherlands

Description Since the late 1960's, the DIAMO uranium mine in the Czech Republic used the
in-situ method along with traditional underground mining. In the leaching
method, sulphuric acid is injected into underground uranium deposits. The acid
dissolves the uranium out of the ore and the solution is pumped to the surface.
The uranium is separated from the acid using an ion exchange process and the
spent acid is injected in to underground caverns. Over the years, the acid waste
has spread into a large underground reservoir which threatened the local
drinking water supply.
DIAMO awarded Resources Conservation Company International (RCCI) a

contract to clean up the sulphuric acid waste and produce a pure salt product
using a system of evaporators and (re)crystallisers. The systems treats 2.7
million gallons of acid waste per day, recovering some 2 million gallons per day
of clean water for disposal to a nearby river. High purity ammonium aluminium
sulfate crystals are produced at a rate of 936 tons per day. The system also
concentrates sulphuric acid from 1.5 to 13%.
Bondstrand pipes and fittings

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using BondstranOO fiberglass pipe and
Quick-Lock joint
fittings with Quick-Lock@
adhesive-bonded joint
Location NAM (Dutch Oilfield Operation) - The Netherlands.
Client Mann + Hummel Hydromation N.V .Belgium,
Bondstrand @ Series 2000 with Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints

Pipe system
Diameter 1 -8 inch (25- 200 mm).
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 3,5 bar. Test pressure: 14 bar

Fluid: Produced water for injection.
Design temperature: 1 10 C.
Operating temperature: 55 C.
Installation date November 1992.
1
Description De-oiling of produced water for re-injection by deep-bed filtration.
~ Main advantages of using Bondstrand @ fiberglass pipe were:

* Internal and external corrosion resistance
* Easy assembly
* Light-weight
Based on 25 years of experience in the Dutch

oilfield without problems, Bondstrand @was
selected for its excellent corrosion resistance,
in particular to salt produced water .
A.'11e.'0.1
Fiberglass Pipe Group
Group Headquarters
5300, Hollister Road, Suite 111
Houston, Texas 77040
U.S.A.
Phone: 1-713-690-7777
Fax: 1-713-690-2842
Fiberglass Pipe Division Fiberglass Pipe Division

The Americas Europe
P.O. Box 878 Ameron B. V.
Burkburnett, Texas 76364 P.O. Box 6
U.S.A. 4190 CA Geldermalsen
Phone: 1-817-569-1471 The Netherlands
Fax: 1-817-569-4012 Phone: 31-345-573341
Burkburnett, Texas 76364 Fax: 31-345-575254
P.O. Box 6 No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3
Houston TX 77280 Telex: 40257 BONDS NL
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Fire Water Lines
using Bondstrand pipe with Key-Lock
joints and Taper/Taper fittings
Location Helsingborg Sweden
Client Port of Helsingborg, Sweden.
Pipe system Bondstrand series 3416 with key-Lock mechanical joints and Taper/Taper
adhesive-bonded joints. A total quantity of 300 meters was installed with a
diameter of 250 mm (10 inch).
Operating conditions Operating pressure: 16 bar. Test Pressure: 24 bar.

Fluid: salt water
Operating temperature : between 25 C and + 25C
Installation date January 1996
Ameron 1996 FP 690 09/96. Printed in Holland

Description Fire water transportation line for storage tank protection. The 250 mm
Bondstrand pipe was placed upon existing supports and replaced a corroded
300 mm steel pipe. During the winter the pipeline is emptied due to the risk of
freezing. The filling and emptying of the steel line caused severe corrosion on
the inside. Since the reservoir is located near the sea, the original pipe was
also exposed to external corrosion from salt water.
Advantages Corrosion resistance and ease of installation, combined with the possibility of
connecting Bondstrand flanges to existing steel pipe, proved a more
economical solution based on total installation cost and site maintenance.

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Bondstrand Case History
Chilled Water Lines

using Bondstrand pipe and fittings
with Key-Lock mechanical joint
Location Paris, France.
Client Climespace, a joint-venture company of the Lyonnaise des eaux group, Electricit
de France, Ville de Paris, France
Pipe system Bondstrand series 3414 pipe with Key-Lock mechanical joint and Taper/Taper
joints. A total quantity of 3.700 m. in diameters varying from 200 mm (8 inch) to
350 mm (14 inch).

Fluid: Chilled water.
Operating temperature: Go line 5C - Return line : 10C.
Installation date Summer 1994.
1 Ameron 1995 FP 670 11/95. Printed in Holland

Description Chilled water transportation lines, installed in the underground Parisian
sewerage network. To deliver chilled water, produced in a large plant outside Paris,
to users for air conditioning purposes.
Advantages Corrosion resistance for transmission line of chilled water in a warm, wet,
atmosphere generating condensation. Handling in galeries is difficult because of
space limitations and much easier with light-weight epoxy pipes.
Also, the Hazen-Williams factor of 150 allows a better flow coefficient and since
the thermal conducitivity of Bondstrand pipe is lower than steel, this results in
reduced insulation.

Houston TX 77280
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2
A US$ 10 MILLION
PROJECT IN NIGERIA
Author: Arnold Maas
Ameron 1999. TB-5 04/99. Forcados Nigeria. Page 1 of 12. Printed in the Netherlands
CONTENTS 1. Introduction to the Forcados Terminal Project
In 1994, Ameron FPD-Europe secured an order for the

supply of Bondstrand pipes and fittings for the Forcados
1. Introduction to the Forcados Terminal Project Terminal in Nigeria. The order was negotiated and finalised
with Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij (SIPM),
acting on behalf of the client SPDC, the Oil Company of
2. Situation of the Forcados FTIP Project Nigeria.
2.1 Project Start-up
SNC-Lavalin, an engineering company based in Calgary
2.2 Advantages of Bondstrand Fiberglass pipes (Canada), was involved in the technical evaluation of bids
and the project was won against severe competition. Al-
though Shell was a partner at that time, Ameron was se-
3. Ameron used joining systems lected because it offered the best package, technically
3.1 Taper/Taper jointing system and commercially.
3.2 Key-Lock jointing system The project comprises of three main pipelines:
Fire fighting system

4. Different piping systems installed by Ameron Sizes 2-18 inch (50-450 mm) and 20 bar pressure rating.
Drain lines
5. Design & Testing Sizes 2-36 inch and 10 bar pressure rating.
5.1 Design
Water disposal line
5.2 Testing Sizes 6-36 inch and 12 bar pressure rating.
A comprehensive pre-qualification test program for this

6. Installation project was agreed with Shell which involved 1000 hours
6.1 Installation site conditions test and short term burst tests.
6.2 Trenching Total value of this project reached US$ 10 million, the
6.3 Road Crossings largest project executed by Ameron in Nigeria to date.
6.4 Spool prefabrication
7. Conclusion
8. Literature
2. Situation of the Forcados FTIP Project
If you look at the map of the world you will find a town
called Warri in the Delta State of Nigeria, near the Bight
of Benin. The Forcados Terminal is located approximately
47 km Southwest from Warri, in swamps on the Southern
bank of the Forcados River.
Offloading containers
2-1 Project Start-up

In September 1995, the kick-off for the Forcados Terminal
project took place by assembling Bondstrand1 pipes with
Taper adhesive2 bonded joints into spools. A month later,
the first Key-Lock joint2 was made in the field.
At the end of this project, the total length of installed
Bondstrand pipes with diameters 2-36 inch was more
The Forcados Terminal basically provides dehydration-, than 42 km! Over 5.000 mechanical and adhesive bonded
storage- and export facilities for the Western Division of joints were made in a period of 18 months. Almost 30
Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd and workers in total, specialised in assembling GRE-pipe sys-
other oil-producers in this area. To combine forces, a joint tems, were installing Bondstrand pipes on different lo-
venture named Forcados Terminal Integrated Project (FTIP) cations, which were part of the Terminal.
was set up between Shell, Bouygues Offshore (BOS),
Bouygues Nigeria Ltd (BNL), SNC-Lavalin and several sub- The previous system had been in service for 20 years and
contractors. had to be extended and improved to ensure faster process-
Ameron International was the selected vendor for the sup- ing of oil and produced water. In the current situation, this
ply of Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe and fittings system is updated for another 25 years.
with diameters from 2 through 36 inch intended for eight
different piping systems. (table 1) European field engineers supervised locally trained fiberglass
pipe fitters. Ameron had a contract with Shell to provide an
Ameron Field Service Engineer to supervise the overall
Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy piping installation and ensure
the pipe installation was done in accordance with Ameron
installation procedures.
1
Ameron product name for fiberglass pipes
2
For Taper and Key-Lock, find attachment
2-2 Advantages of Bondstrand Fiberglass pipes

The Forcados Terminal is situated on reclaimed land. The
old Terminal, in service for many years, needed a complete
overhaul. Also, environmental improvement was required
through an up-dated system.
Another important issue is the fact that the water table
Containers loaded with Ameron fiberglass pipes around the Island is moving with the tide of the sea, which
results in a higher percentage of salt in the soil than under
regular conditions. In addition, most of the systems con-
tain corrosive fluids, such asd crude oil and solvated fluids.
Ameron 1999 - TB-5 04/99. Forcados Nigeria. Page 3 of 12. Printed in the Netherlands
Ameron GRE pipes were selected because of the 4. Various installed piping systems
following major advantages.
As mentioned earlier, eight different piping systems were
Bondstrand Fiberglass pipes are: installed for this project.
Having low installation costs.
Designed for a minimal lifetime of 25 years service. 1. Fire Water System: the 18 steel fire main was
Non corrosive. replaced and extended by a new 18 Key-lock
Maintenance-free. Bondstrand system.
Easy to handle. 2. Service Water System: The Service water will run to
different parts of the new Terminal where the water will
be used for instance as cooling water.
3. Ameron used jointing systems 3. Open drain systems: An Accidental Oil Contamina-
tion line (AOC-line) was installed. This system can
3-1 TAPER/TAPER (T/T) joint control all the excessive water during the rain season.
Taper/Taper adhesive bonded joints are used for 10 to 75 Sizes from 4 to 36 were chosen.
bar pressure ratings (depending on pipe size). Pipe sizes 4. Closed drain system: A Continuous Oil Contamina-
are available in sizes 50 1000 mm (2 40). Spigots as tion line (COC) was installed. The system offers differ-
well as bell ends are tapered. Due to the conical shape of ent options between the old and new part of the termi-
both bell and spigot axial forces are equally divided into all nal for its usage and can flow in different directions.
laminate layers. 5. Sewage Network System: The Sewage system was
The contact surface is bonded with a non-filling adhesive assembled with small GRE sizes between several buil-
with matching male and female ends offering a controlled dings.
adhesive thickness. 6. Produced Water: Pipe ring lines 36 and 24 diameters
were installed from the old terminal round the existing
tanks to control the produced water.
7. Foam System: Inside the old Terminal 6 pipe sys-
tems were installed underground. Above ground pipes
are made of steel and reach the top of tanks where a
foam spray system is installed for fire fighting protec-
tion.
8. Potable Water System: Small sized lines were installed
Taper/Taper Key-Lock to supply drinking water to several buildings in the ter-
minal.
9. Water disposal line. 36 Key-Lock line 5 Km from the
terminal towards the coast.
3-2 KEY-LOCK (KL) joint
A Key-Lock connection is When the job was completed, only 5% of the total 42.000
a restrained mechanical meters was visible, as the systems are mainly buried at a
joint, which is fast and easy depth of 1 to 3 meters. Advantages of a buried system are:
to install.Sealing is achieved
by means of a rubber O ring Less sensitive to impact or sabotage.
which is installed on the Key Better environmental influence.
Lock male end. After the pipe Different Forcados site areas can be reached easily
insertion, a nylon key, is without crossing piping networks.
introduced from the outside
of the female end, will lock
the joint connection. Subject
to size and pressure ,one or
two keys are used. The Key
Lock pipe system, in com-
bination with Tapered bonded
fittings is available in sizes
50 1000 mm
(2 40).
36" Key-Lock connection
Table 1: Installation table installed Bondstrand fiberglass pipelines
Piping system Installed Taper and Key-Lock Taper and Key-Lock Taper and Key-Lock
Taper and size Design Pressure Design Pressure Design Pressure
Key-Lock 10 bar - BS 3410 12 bar - BS 3412 20 bar - BS 3420
1. Fire water 2-18 inch - -
2. Service water 4-6 inch - -
3. Open drain 2-36 inch - -
4. Closed drain 2-36 inch - -
5. Sewage network 2-6 inch - -
6. Produced water 24-36 inch - -
7. Foam 6 inch - -
8. Potable water 2-4 inch - -
9. Water disposal 36 inch - -
Especially to be highlighted, is the Water Disposal Line Total length of the onshore Bondstrand pipeline section
(WDL) which consists of Bondstrand Series 3412 Key is 4.500 meters 36 Key Lock pipe. This means 380 stan-
Lock pipe and Bondstrand Series 3412 Taper/Taper pipe, dard 12-meter lengths were connected with a mechanical
both systems designed for 12 bar. Key-Lock joint.
The Forcados Terminal produces 5.000 m3 water per hour
(2,4 m/s) and can be increased to 7.950 m3 water per hour
(3,5 m/s).
The procedure is as follows: First water is separated and
decontaminated up to 50ppm of hydrocarbons from the
crude oil, inside the Terminal. From here produced water is
pumped from the Terminal through Glassfiber Reinforced
Epoxy 36 series BS 3412 pipes, known as the so-called
Beach-line, towards the coast. There it ties in with the
steel/cement lined sub-sea pipeline, which transports the
water 5,5 km offshore, where it will run through a diffuser
into the ocean, so sufficient dilution occurs and prevents
any adverse affect on the coastal environment.
Pipes transported for the 36 WDL
A 36 Key-Lock tie in spool at a stream crossing
Before the line was globally tested, reducing saddles were

installed. A total of 15 saddles 36 x 6 were bonded in
place. Vacuumbreakers were installed on the locations
where the saddles were bonded. Vacuumbreakers are re-
quired to prevent the line from being subjected to a possi-
Key-Lock pipes are being connected for the WDL. ble vacuum during operation.
To give an example: for a 36 Key-Lock joint a 25mm thick O ring
and a 3 meter long 25mm thick nylon key is used.
Despite the extreme Nigerian climate with temperatures

over 38C and a relative humidity above 90%, sometimes
combined with days of constant heavy rainfall (which has
caused amongst others collapsing trenches), The
Bondstrand team was able to lay 30 lengths of pipes
during each 10-hour working day.
The team consisted of 8 people:

1 foreman;
2 men for off loading the pipes from the road side
2 men for cleaning, greasing the pipes, pulling and
driving the keys;
A 36 x 6 Saddle is bonded on the 36 3412 Key-Lock line.
2 men for pipe alignment and swinging the pipe to A vacuumbreaker will be installed.
ease insertion;
1 crane operator, with a 100 ton crane, specifically for 5. Design & Testing
swampy areas.
When the rain-season started it was necessary to find a 5-1 Design

way to prevent the pipe from floating. To do so, the pipeline The Engineering office SNC-Lavalin performed the main de-
was filled with water, during the installation. If the pipe would sign for this project. Ameron FPD-Europe was involved at a
have been empty the line would have come off its original very early stage of the project. The design particulars were
position or even come to the surface. First, two soft foam discussed in several meetings. Advantage that Ameron
pigs were pushed from the starting end by the water to FPD-Europe had over its competitors was to offer standard
clear the line from air and keep the pipe down on its posi- pipe lengths with fiberglass build-up where the taper out-
tion. At the same time, water was used to perform hydrotests lets could be bonded at any required location. Below, please
after finishing installation. find a scheme of the system which allowed to cut costs on
reducing tees.
In total the line was tested in 3 sections prior to installation
of the tie-in spool to the Steel beach line. Bondstrand again
proved to be more cost effective as this 36 pipeline could
be installed in the swamps without any extra installation
costs.
Two samples of each component variant have been tested
according to test method ASTM D-1598 at 65C. The cal-
culated test pressure was 50 bar. (See table 2 for test re-
sults). Five samples have been tested according to ASTM
D-1599 to determine the Short Time Hydraulic-failure Pres-
sure (STHP) of each component variant.
This STHP was used as a baseline value for comparison

with quality control tests. The complete test program was
witnessed by a third party inspection agency. The test pro-
gram has been completed successfully.
The WDL above ground, at the WDL pumps

6. Installation
6-1 Installation site conditions:

Temperature18C to 38C.
Humidity + 90%.
Heavy rainfall and lightning can be expected in the rainy
season from April to October.
Mean maximum hourly rainfall is 100 mm.
Rain forest and swampy conditions are prevailing around
the terminal.
Insects and diseases were also obstacles for all workers

on the job-site. Such as Ts-ts flies, bees, rats, snakes
Typical above ground section where a stress analysis is and mosquitoes, transmitting malaria fever and other scary
performed by Ameron to ensure a trouble free installation tropical diseases or simply bites, free of charge
For the above ground Water Disposal Line section Bouygues The rainy season in this part of Nigeria is long and inten-
Offshore did the engineering. Ameron FPD-Europe assisted sive, turning the dry and dusty site into a muddy and spongy
with the design and performed a stress analysis of the sys- pool in minutes threatening the work that was done only a
tem that involved stresses and admissible flexibility of the few days earlier.
system.
6-2 Trenching
5-2 Testing As a result, trenches could be rapidly destroyed when
A large qualification test program was executed, in order heavy rain was splashing down. To keep damages to a
to qualify the chosen Bondstrand pipe series. minimum, a draining system was installed at one side of
Qualification was done according to Shell Dep. the pipe trench. This system worked perfect.
31.40.10.31.GEN (October 1992), option 1: medium-term
(1000 hours) survival tests.
Trench preparation
Table 2: Summery of test results
Size Description Burst Test 1000h test
average value (5/ea)/bar 2/ea 50 bar/65 C 4
4" Pipe, Taper 136.6 passed
4 Pipe, Key Lock, 1 key 93.7 passed
8 Pipe, Taper 99 passed
16 Pipe, Taper 94.2 passed
24 Pipe, Taper 86.3 passed
24 Pipe, Key Lock, 2 keys 101.9 passed
4 Elbow 45, Taper 90.2 passed
24 Elbow 45, Taper 82.4 passed
4 Equal Tee, Taper 89.8 passed
24 Equal Tee, Taper 82.7 passed
4 Flange 150#, HD, Taper 115.4 passed
24 Flange 150#, HD, Taper 85.8 passed
Prior to installation, BNL, Civil Department of the Joint-
Venture, prepared the trench, which included trench exca-
vation, compaction of the trench bedding and partial
backfilling of the line. After this the line was hydrotested
and compacted in layers until backfilling was complete.
Fighting the Buoyancy effect
6-3 Road crossings

In order to protect the GRE pipe at road crossings, steel
pipe casing were used.
Once the trench bedding was compacted, a steel casing
was lowered down the trench, then the GRE pipes were
slid in after been clamped with Centralisers to be pro-
tected from damage. At both ends of the steel casing,
rubber end seals were installed; this was done to prevent
the soil from pooring into the steel casing. Finally the trench
was covered with screened sand and properly compacted.
Pipe spools installed
6-4 Spool prefabrication

A special on-site prefabrication workshop was established
for this particular project. A prefab team was established
with 8 to 12 local steel pipe fitters.
When the weather was stable the pipefitting team assem-
bled approximately 200 bondings each 10-hour day, inclu-
ding cutting and shaving of the pipe. This means for exam-
ple 50 joints 4, or 6 joints 36".
! The biggest advantage for on-site prefabrication of spools

was that the spools could be modified according to
site requirements.
Trench compacting
Other advantages:
! Transportation cost for pipes & fittings were econo-
mised as the 40ft containers were fully loaded. More
containers would have been used if complete spools
had been made in Europe resulting in some 50% higher
transportation costs.
! Far less problems. Limited spool modifications required
on site.
! Local labour costs for prefab spool works are lower
than European labour costs.
A 36 Taper bonding for spool fabrication
Due to high humidity, all bondings were pre-heated

prior to bonding, to remove the moisture from the
pipe spigot and socket surfaces.
While the project was on-going, the workshop was extended

to fabricate larger spool sizes, 30" and 36. For large pipe
sizes above 24, the new developed M95 pipe shaver was
used. The M95 Shaver can shave a 36 pipe spigot within
10 minutes after it has been set-up and can be used as a
workshop shaver.
During the prefabrication of spools most of the spools were

stacked on a lay down area. From there pipes and spools
were taken to their final location on site.
Spool fabrication
7. Conclusion 8. Literature
After the successful completion of the FTIP Forcados - Engineering department Ameron FPD-Europe.
project, all parties agreed that the continuous involvement - Shell Petroleum Development Co. (West) of Nigeria.
of the Ameron Engineering Team was instrumental to the - Pictures taken by Ameron Field Service Engineers.
low installation cost of Bondstrand pipe systems.
Also high-lighted was the fact, that: Special Thanks

! An Ameron qualified field service engineer is The Ameron Engineering Team thanks everybody who
highly recommended on site during installation. worked with them on this project at the Geldermalsen plant,
! On-site prefabrication of spools can be an ideal as well as in the field. As a result of this teamwork it was
solution to all parties involved to optimise possible to successfully complete this project to benefit all
transport costs and to allow spool modifications. parties involved.
! Local labour can keep a perfect quality in the
fabrication of spools, at a lower cost than in Europe.
Bondstrand Fiberglass pipe systems : The proven way to move fluids
Group Headquarters
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

Bondstrand
Engineering Guide for
Suspended Pipe
Ameron 1994 FP288 01/94 formerly BEG-13A printed in the Netherlands

Table of Contents
General Page
Designing the Bondstrand System 3
Selecting Bondstrand Pipe Fittings and Adhesives 3
Filament-Wound versus Molded Products 3
Energy Savings 3
Insulated Systems 3
Other Application Information 3
Designing for Expansion and Contraction

General Principles 4
Length Change due to Temperature 4
Length Change due to Pressure 4
Anchoring for Branches and Valves 4
Using Expansion Loops 5
Expansion Joints 6
Designing for Restrained Systems

General Principles 6
Thrust due to Temperature 6
Thrust due to Pressure 6
Use of Guides for Alignment Control 7
Spans and Support Locations

Span Recommendations 7
Support Spacing for Special Conditions 7
Loads on Hangers and Supports 7
Support Locations. 8
Supports for Vertical Runs 8
Connections to Other Materials
Connections to Other Piping. 8
Small-Diameter Metallic Connections 9
Gravity Flow Connections 9
Connections to Equipment
Equipment Vibration 10
Connections to Tanks 10
Other Design Considerations

Coating Bondstrand 10
Electrical Properties 10
Entrapped Gases 10
Steam Condense 10
Heat Tracing 10
Handling Compressible Fluids 10
Detailing the Supports

Clamping Forces 11
Space between Pipe 11
Supports Permitting Pipe Movement 11
Supports that Anchor Pipe 12
Appendix A: Formulas for Calculating Length Change 17
Appendix B: Formulas for Calculating Thrust 17
Appendix C: Formula for Calculating Support Spacings for Uniformly

Distributed Load 18
Thermal expansion is 60 percent
Bondstrand greater than for carbon steel but, by
filament-wound fittings. This choice is
available in all sizes for Bondstrand
taking advantage of the pipe's flanges. In general, filament-wound
Engineering legibility you can provide for this
expansion economically often
fittings should be used in applications
where fittings in loops, turns or
Guide for without using expansion joints.
Bondstrand requires protection
branches are intended to flex, where
temperature changes exceed 100F in
against potential external abrasion or restrained or blocked systems, or
Suspended Pipe crushing at points where steel
supports are located, but this is done
where the system is exposed to
mechanical vibration or hydraulic
easily and economically surge. Some sizes and types of fittings
are not available in both molded and
General Effective modulus values reduce filament-wound styles, so check the
with time and temperature. Bondstrand Fittings Engineering
Designing the Bondstrand System Recommended spans and Guide for availability when making
This guide contains general estimated thrusts are given to help your choice.
information and data useful in the designer detail his project for
designing suspended systems of long-time operation at ambient and Energy Savings
Bondstrand pipe and fittings. This elevated temperatures. Remember, in selecting the diameter
information, as well as good general of Bondstrand pipe, that Bondstrand's
engineering practice and the Recognition of these and other low frictional values (Hazen-Williams
designer's good judgment, must all be differences dealt with in this guide is C = 150) will reduce your pumping
applied to complete a successful and the hallmark of successful energy requirements, compared to
economical piping system. installations. While this information is those for carbon steel pipe. In most
likely to prove most helpful to those systems, these low frictional values will
The guide discusses the following designing Bondstrand systems for the be sustained for the life of the system.
considerations: first time, experienced Bondstrand
Criteria for selecting Bondstrand customers will also find new and useful
products for a given application information. Note also that the slightly larger inside
Expansion and contraction Be aware that the reinforced diameter of Bondstrand pipe,
considerations thermosetting resin piping products compared to Schedule 40 or 80
Span between supports and support offered by other manufacturers may carbon steel pipe, will further reduce
location differ significantly from Bondstrand. your pumping costs. Handy charts in
Connections to other materials and the Bondstrand engineering guides
equipment Resin systems, manufacturing show the head loss expected for both
Coatings and other considerations processes and joining systems are pipe and fittings.
Suggested details for guides, important variables affecting the
supports and anchors mechanical and physical properties of Insulated Systems
these products. The recommendations Bondstrand may be insulated in the
While Bondstrand performs in many and suggestions given are based on field, but Bondstrand pipe is available
applications just like the familiar Ameron's test and field experience from many pipe insulators with
metallic systems.. the designer must and should be applied only to efficient, built-in insulation. If you use
recognize some important Bondstrand products. insulated Bondstrand, be sure to
differences, for example: check your support spacings for the
Bondstrand pipe weighs only about Selecting Bondstrand Pipe, Fittings operating temperature to
1/7th as much as Schedule 40 and Adhesives accommodate the added weight of the
carbon steel pipe. This means that A choice of either epoxy or polyester insulation and jacket.
pipe and piping assemblies even in Bondstrand products is available for
12-inch diameters can be lifted into different chemical and thermal Other Application Information
place using any light lifting environments. For information to guide Ameron has prepared a number of
equipment. In the smaller diameters your selection, refer to the Bondstrand publications with valuable information
no lifting equipment is necessary. Chemical Resistance Chart. This pertaining to specific types of service,
This reduces on-site installation publication provides recommendations including marine applications, fire
costs. for different chemicals and other fluid protection systems and steam
The longitudinal modulus of materials, including food products, as condensate returns. Just call your
Bondstrand is at least 14 times less well as guidance for selecting the local Bondstrand distributor or your
than that of carbon steel pipe - a appropriate Bondstrand adhesive. nearest Ameron sales office, and let us
characteristic that limits spans where Filament-Wound versus Molded know your application. Give us the
deflection is important but also Products temperature, pressure, fluid or gas to
reduces thrust due to temperature In smaller pipe sizes, you have a be carried, and other pertinent
change. choice between molded and conditions.
In addition, Ameron has a computer Figure 1
program for deflection and stress Linear Expansion with Temperature Change, 2-to 12-in. Bondstrand Pipe analysis of
Bondstrand systems that is
similar to programs existing for
metallic piping systems. Your Ameron
representative will be pleased to help
you utilize this program to analyze your
specific systems. Experience shows,
however, that such an analysis is
required only for the more demanding
or complicated conditions and that the
generalized procedures presented
herein will usually suffice.
Designing for Expansion and

Contraction
General Principles
Suspended pipe generally performs
best where it's permitted to move
freely In these systems, anchors serve
only to keep the pipe properly
positioned between loops and turns.
Center the anchor in the run between modulus of elasticity in both axial and branch can move both axially and
loops if possible. An anchor should be circumferential directions at the laterally such as a short stub-out to a
placed between loops and between operating temperature. In Bondstrand nozzle or flexible hose connection, it
loops and turns. Otherwise, for the one pipe, some of these factors tend to will require special consideration to
anchor per run, supports should carry cancel each other, and the correction avoid undue bending stresses.
the pipe and maintain the intended becomes relatively simple. For each Sometimes the best solution is to
drainage slope but should not restrain 100 feet in a straight, freely supported anchor both the branch and the run at
the pipe against axial movement. At run of Bondstrand pipe, Table 1 the tee, accommodating the pipe
turns, the supports should also permit provides length changes which are length changes at turns or loops in
lateral movement. suitable throughout the indicated each of the three connecting lines. In
range of temperatures. You need only one such case, a vertical branch
If the piping system cannot be correct this value for the pressure of connecting to buried pipe, as shown in
designed to move freely see next your system by using a direct Figure 2, may include a Z-loop; the tee
section on Designing for Restrained pressure-ratio correction. may be rotated 90 degrees to permit
Systems. an L-loop; or the vertical line may be
Pipe changes length in a free system Anchoring for Branches and Valves treated as a restrained pipe as
as a result of changes in temperature Both vertical and horizontal branches described in Designing for Restrained
and pressure. Since both can increase can add complexity to a system Systems.
or decrease concurrently the resulting intended to move freely. Unless a
changes in length must be combined
for loop design. Length-change
formulas and examples appear in Table 1
Appendix A, but the following Length Increase due to a 100 psi Internal Pressure in a Free (unrestrained)
paragraphs will provide all you need System
for most pipeline designs. Nominal Inches per 100 Feet of Pipe
Length Change due to Temperature Diameter Series Series Series
Tests show that the amount of linear (in.) 2000 and 6000 4000 5000
expansion varies directly with 2 .2 .3 .3
temperature. Figure 1 shows the length 3 .3 .4 .4
change for Series 2000,4000,5000 4 .3 .4 .4
and 6000 Bondstrand pipe. 6 .4 .5 .6
8 .5 .6 .8
Length Change due to Pressure 10 .6 .8 1.0
The amount of length change 12 .7 .9 1.2
occurring because of internal pressure
depends on wall thickness, diameter, Values given for Series 2000,4000 and 6000 are valid to 250F Values for Series 5000 are
Poisson's ratio and the effective valid to 150F
'I
4
Figure 2 Valves should be anchored and
Connections to Buried Pipe supported directly especially in
diameters six inches and larger. Valve
weight in the larger sizes and torque on
valve handles in all sizes are the
primary concerns
Using Expansion Loops

Loops are recommended for relieving
longitudinal stress between anchors in
a suspended pipeline. Figure 3 gives
minimum expansion loop dimensions
for all Bondstrand pipe series. First,
determine how much total length
Figure 3 change due to temperature and
Minimum Expansion Loop Dimensions for Bondstrand Pipe pressure must be absorbed. Then
enter the appropriate figure with pipe
diameter and total length change to
determine the required leg length (H)
for a U-loop design.
As an example, assume that a
Series 2000 eight-inch line is installed
and will change a total of two inches in
length. Figures shows that the
minimum value of H is six feet.
Loops should be horizontal whenever

possible to avoid entrapping air or
sediment and to facilitate drainage.
For upward loops, air relief valves aid
air removal and improve flow. In
pressure systems, air removal for both
pressure testing and normal operation is
required for safety as well
For Downward loops, air pressure

equalizing lines may be necessary to
permit drainage.
In both cases, special taps are

Figure 4 necessary for complete drainage.
Comparison of Displacements in 9Cr vs. 450 Elbows
Caused by a Unit Length Change Loops using 90 elbows absorb length
change better than those using 45
elbows. Unlike a 90 turn, a 45 turn
carries a thrust component through the
turn which can add axial stress to the
usual bending stress in the pipe and
fittings. Alignment and deflection are
a so directly affected by the angular
displacement at 450 turns and demand
special attention for support design
and location.
A 45 elbow at a free turn with the same
increment of length change in each leg
will be displaced 86 percent more than
A. Relative displacement of elbows B. Relative displacement configuration a 90 elbow. The relative displacement
permitted to move freely in a pipe run of loops in the plane of a loop is also more of a
5
problem. Figure 4 illustrates the "move freely." Or, it may be necessary creep are induced by high pressures
geometry involved. to block certain runs of an otherwise or temperatures while pipe is in
Expansion Joints free system. In a fully restrained pipe service. When anchors must later be
Instead of a loop, an expansion joint (blocked against movement at both released, especially in long pipe runs,
may be used to relieve longitudinal ends), the designer must deal with temporary anchors may be required to
stress. The type selected must be fairly thrust rather than length change. Both avoid excessive displacement and
flexible, such as a teflon bellows which temperature and pressure produce overstress of fittings.
is activated by the thrust of low thrust which must be resisted at turns, Thrust due to Temperature
modulus materials (see Note 2 of branches, reducers and ends. In a fully restrained Bondstrand pipe,
Table 2). Knowing the magnitude of this thrust length changes induced by
enables the designer to select temperature change are resisted at the
Supports for expansion joints must be satisfactory anchors. Remember that anchors and converted to thrust. The
carefully designed and placed to axial thrust on anchors is normally thrust developed depends on the
maintain controlled deflection. independent of anchor spacing. thermal coefficient of expansion, the
Besides adding weight, most of these Formulas and examples are found in cross-sectional area and the modulus
joints act as partial structural hinges Appendix B. of elasticity Table 2 gives the
which afford only limited transfer of In practice, the largest compressive maximum axial thrust in anchored lines
moment and shear Where the thrust is normally developed on the for each series of Bondstrand pipe at
expansion joint relies on elastomers or first positive temperature cycle. three elevated temperatures. The table
thermoplastics for strength, the Subsequently the pipe develops both assumes a fully relaxed initial pipe
structural discontinuity or hinging compressive and tensile loads as it is length at 600F with short-time modulus
effect at the joint increases with subjected to temperature and of elasticity values as shown.
increases in temperature. pressure cycles. Neither compressive
When using an expansion joint in a nor tensile loads, however, are Thrust due to Pressure
pipeline carrying solids, consider the expected to exceed the thrust on the Thrust due to internal pressure in a
possibility that it may stiffen or fail to first cycle unless the ranges of the suspended but restrained system is
function due to sedimentation in the temperature and pressure change. theoretically more complicated. This is
expansion joint. Failure of the because in straight, restrained
expansion joint may cause excessive Caution: In restrained systems, pipe pipelines with all joints bonded, the
pipe deflection. fittings can be damaged by faulty Poisson effect produces considerable
anchorage or by untimely release of tension in the pipe wall. As internal
Designing for Restrained Systems anchors. Damage to fittings in service pressure is applied, the pipe expands
General Principles can be caused by bending or slipping circumferentially and at the same time
Occasionally the layout of a system of an improperly designed or installed contracts longitudinally This tensile
makes it impossible to allow the pipe to anchor. Also, length changes due to force is important because it acts to
Table2
Initial Temperature-Induced Thrusts (pounds-force)
in Fully Restrained Bondstrand Pipe at Various Operating Temperatures
Nominal Series 2000 and 6000 Series 4000 Series 5000
Diameter 150F 200F 250F 150F 200F 250F 140F 170F 200F
(in.)
2 1,370 1,880 2,230 1,170 1,600 1,900 870 930 840
3 2,070 2,830 3,360 1,760 2,420 2,870 1,310 1,400 1,260
4 3,320 4,550 5,390 2,920 4,000 4,740 2,100 2,250 2,030
6 4,930 6,760 8,020 4,340 5,950 7,050 3,120 3,350 3,010
8 7,050 9,710 11,500 6,310 8,650 10,300 4,480 4,810 4,330
10 8,880 12,200 14,400 7,910 10,800 12,900 5,610 6,030 5,420
12 10,600 14,500 17,200 9,390 12,900 15,300 6,670 7,170 6,450
Notes:
1. Thrusts are calculated assuming a fully relaxed initial length at 60F and a thermal coefficient of expansion for all pipe series of 0.00001
in/in./F
2. Short-time modulus of elasticity values are as follows (in psi):
At 140F At 150F At 170F At 200F At 250F
6 6 6
Series 2000 - 1.35 x 10 - 1.19 x 10 1.04 x 10
6 6 6
Series 4000 - 1.17 x 10 - 1.04 x 10 0.90 x l0
6 6 6 -
Series 5000 0.96 x 10 - 0.75 x 10 0.53 x 10
3. calculated thrusts are independent of length of run.
6
reduce the hydrostatic thrust on Supplying this lateral support by using temperatures are given in Table 4.
anchors at turns. guides at the normal support locations These spans are intended for normal
For the designer of a restrained or even at every other support is often horizontal piping arrangements, i.e..
Bondstrand pipeline, however the sufficient, especially in the larger those which have no fittings, valves,
problem can be greatly simplified. diameters. To check, compare the vertical runs, etc., but which may
Table 3 provides the recommended recommended span for your operating include flanges and non uniform design
thrusts and locations for temperature as determined from the support spacings. The tabular values
anchors at various fittings. section entitled Support Locations and represent a compromise between
Spans with the guide spacings from continuous and simple spans. When
Use of Guides for Alignment Control Figures or 6. Be sure that guide and installed at the support spacings
A suspended line which is restrained support spacing meet both indicated in Table 4, the weight of the
from movement may need extra requirements. pipe full of water will produce a
supports or guides to maintain long-time deflection of about inch,
alignment, especially when the As an example for determining guide which is usually acceptable for
pipeline is exposed to a wide spacing, assume that a three-inch appearance and adequate drainage.
temperature range. Guides as shown Bondstrand Series 2000 line is Fully continuous spans may be
in Figure 10 may permit the pipe to installed at 70F and is to operate at used with support spacings up to
move axially but not laterally Without 250F ( T = 180F). Figure 5 shows 20 percent greater for this deflection
guides, restrained pipe may not that guides should be installed at in simple spans, support spacings
deflect uniformly and, in some cases, intervals of 4.6 feet. should be 20 percent less. may deflect
excessively Figures 5 and Spans and Support Locations
6 give recommended guide spacing to Span Recommendations For this purpose, continuous spans
avoid buckling deflection between for are defined as interior spans (not end
anchors. Recommended maximum spans spans), which are uniform in length
Bondstrand pipe at various operating and free from structural rotation at
supports. Simple spans are supported
only at the ends and are hinged or free
Table3 to rotate at the supports. Special
Expected Thrust in Pounds-Force at Anchors due to 100 psi Internal Pressure in conditions described below are not
Restrained Bond strand System covered.
Design Pipe Thrust The pipe is assumed to be free to move
Nominal Diameter (in.) on Anchor (A) axially Suspended piping, which is
2 170 restrained or anchored against
3 405 longitudinal movement, represents a
4 675 special case and may be
6 1560 guides
8 2650 required as discussed under the
10 4200 previous section, Use of Guides for
12 6000 Alignment.
Support Spacings for Special
Conditions
Piping designers may calculate
deflections or determine support
spacings for their own particular
geometry and loadings using the
effective beam stiffness factors given
in Appendix C. In such an analysis, the
effects of non uniform spacing, turns
and branches, vertical or inclined
runs, special joints which may act as a
hinge, heavy liquids, external loads
Notes: such as insulation, thrust in restrained
1. Pipe anchors (A) such as shown in Figure ii are used in restrained systems at each end of a run lines and dynamic loads may be
and just before a change indirection, and must resist the tabulated thrusts. considered, often using a computer
2. Pipe anchors (B) such as shown in Figure 10 are light-duty in-line anchors usually located program such as referred to in section
between two pipe anchors (A) or midway between loops or turns in systems not restrained. titled Other Application Information.
3. Pipe anchors (A and B) at elbows and branches should be located a distance of five to ten times
the pipe diameter from the bend, Other anchor locations may require a flexibility analysis. Loads on Hangers and Supports
4. No appreciable thrust on anchors is developed due to internal pressure in the pipe at in-line Table 5 gives maximum service loads
reducers. for horizontal piping on hangers and
7
supports. Do not exceed the total Figure 5
support or hanger load given in the Guide Spacing vs. Temperature Change for Series 2000,4000 and 6000
table for sustained operation. Pipelines with Blocked (restrained) Ends. Solution shown assumes an initial
Support Locations temperature of 60F and a water-filled line.
Supports that permit pipe movement
are usually under pipe, not under
fittings. Be sure that pipe movement is
not obstructed either axially or laterally
by a flange or fitting near the support.
In general, supports may be located at
convenient nearby structures, just as
for steel pipe, provided the support
spacings indicated in Table 4 are not
exceeded.
Locate anchors on pipe as indicated in

Table 3 for restrained piping. Except at
flanged connections, above-ground
anchors are usually found on pipe
rather than fittings. Anchors in lines
free to move should be located where
necessary to control movement into
loops or turns. See Figures 11 through
14 for typical anchor details.
Supports for Vertical Runs

Install a single support anywhere Figure 5
along the length of a vertical pipe run Guide Spacing vs. Temperature Change for Series 5000 Pipelines with Blocked
more than about ten feet long. See (restrained) Ends. Solution shown assumes an initial temperature of 60F and a
Figure 14 for suggested details. If the water tilled line
run is supported near its base, use
loose collars as guides as shown in
Figure 14B, spaced as recommended
in Table 6.
Vertical runs less than ten feet long

may usually be supported as part of
the horizontal piping. In either case be
sure the layout makes sufficient
provision for horizontal and vertical
movement at the top and bottom turns.
In vertical pipe runs, accommodate
vertical length changes by allowing
free movement of fittings at either top
or bottom, or both. For each 1/8 inch of
anticipated vertical length change,
provide 2 feet of horizontal pipe
between the elbow and the first
support, but not less than 6 feet nor
more than 20 feet of horizontal pipe.
Treat columns more than 100 feet high
(either hanging or standing) as special Connections to Other Materials flanges and Bondstrand heavy-duty
designs. Support and provision for Connections to Other Piping molded polyester flanges may be
length change are important. The Where possible, connect Bondstrand bolted directly against raised-face
installer should be especially careful to to either metallic or thermoplastic steel flanges. These flanges also seal
avoid movement due to wind or piping using flanges drilled to the well against lined steel configurations.
support vibration while joints are 150 psi standards of ANSI 816.5. Bondstrand standard molded flanges,
curing. Bondstrand filament-wound epoxy epoxy and polyester, provide sealing
8
Table4
Recommended Maximum Support Spacings in Feet for Bondstrand Pipe at Various Operating Temperatures (fluid specific gravity
1.0)
Nominal Series 2000 and 6000 Series 4000 Series 5000
Diameter l00F 150F 200F 250F 100F 150F 200F 250F 100F 140F 170F 200F
(in.)
2 11.8 11.2 10.4 9.4 11.2 10.6 9.9 8.9 10.6 9.5 8.2 6.6
3 13.6 12.5 11.9 10.8 12.8 12.1 11.2 10.2 12.1 10.8 9.5 7.6
4 15.4 14.6 13.6 12.3 14.8 14.0 13.0 11.8 14.0 12.6 11.0
6 172 16.4 15.1 13.8 16.6 15.6 14.6 13.2 15.6 14.1 12.2 9.8
8 19.2 18.1 16.9 15.2 18.5 17.5 16.2 14.6 17.4 15.6 13.5 10.9
10 20.3 19.2 17.9 16.1 19.6 18.5 17.2 15.6 18.5 16.6 14A 11.6
12 21.3 20.1 18.7 16.9 20.5 19.4 18.1 16.3 19.3 17.4 15.1 12.0
Notes:
1. Span recommendations are intended for normal horizontal piping support arrangements, a compromise between continuous spans and simple spans, but
include no provision for weights (fillings. valves, flanges, etc.) or thrusts (branches, turns, etc.).
2. Span recommendations are calculated for a maximum long-time deflection of 1/2 inch to ensure good appearance and adequate drainage.
3. Fully continuous spans may be used with support spacings up to 20 percent greater for this deflection; in simple spans, support spacings should be 20
percent less.
against flat-face flanges. Use a gasket in addition to the built-in sealing blind flanges and fittings plugs offer
full-faced Vs-inch thick elastomer with details. connections up to 11/2 inches in
a Shore A hardness of 60 t5 for best Where Bondstrand is connected to diameter for a wide range of
results. metallic pipe, securely anchor the applications. The most commonly used
metallic pipe at the point of connection metal bushing material is Type 316
Flanged valves, and other equipment, so that expansion and contraction of stainless steel, but Ameron can furnish
are frequently supplied with sealing the metal line is not transferred to the other materials on special order. An
details built into the flange face. The Bondstrand line. engineering bulletin available through
configuration of these details may vary
widely. Unless it has been Small-Diameter Metallic Connections your local Bondstrand distributor
demonstrated that these details are Outlets for instrumentation are best describes "Saddles for Branching."
compatible with the face of made using orifice flanges with 72-inch Gravity Flow Connections
Bondstrand flanges, use the standard NFS instrument outlets. Threaded There are different ways to make
full-faced, 1/s-inch thick elastomer reducer bushings mounted in saddles, gravity-flow connections to floor
drains, cast iron pipe, etc. For
example, a four-inch by six-inch
Tables tapered body reducer will enlarge the
Permissible Service Loads as Limited by Hanger and Support Details receiving end of a Bondstrand
Horizontal Piping four-inch pipe and serve as a packing
chamber for the cast iron end of a floor
Load on Supports drain or other fitting.
Fitted to Lower 1800
(lbs) Conversely Bondstrand pipe can be
Nominal Uniform Weight of Piping Per Maximum packed and sealed into a cast iron
Diameter (lbs/fl) Linear per bell. In any case, avoid packing
(in.) Pipe Water Full Pipe Inch Support materials which must be applied at
2 0.9 1.5 2.4 100 160 temperatures above 2000F Epoxy
3 1.2 3.5 4.7 100 200 expansion joint compounds, such as
4 1.9 5.8 7.7 100 200 Nukem 750 (pouring grade) and
6 3.0 13.3 16.3 130 330 Nukem 760 (caulking grade), are
8 4.0 23.0 27.0 200 600 recommended.
10 5.5 36.4 41.9 340 1050 Elastomeric molded couplings are
12 6.4 51.8 58.2 400 1430 commercially available to connect
Bondstrand to clay, concrete, cast iron
Notes: or plastic pipe.
1. Rollers and flat bars may beconsidered as fitted supports when Bondstrand 180 support
saddles are bonded to the pipe.
2. See Detailing the Supports for further information.
9
Connections to Equipment Other Design Considerations significant amounts of static electricity
Equipment Vibration Coating Bondstrand In buried pipe these charges are
Bondstrand pipe will safely absorb Exposure to direct sunlight will slowly dissipated. Be sure to ground
vibration from pumping or other eventually degrade the surface of projections or metal appurtenances,
conditions if (1) stresses are controlled Bondstrand piping. Although no especially near discharge nozzles,
within reasonable limits, and (2) pipe is failures are known to have resulted filters, valves and other areas of high
protected from external abrasion by from this superficial degradation, it turbulence. Use saddles instead of
saddles or sleeves where it contacts does cause a dull, Grey appearance. elastomeric pads at supports to obtain
supports and other objects. In which many users wish to avoid. better grounding
genera:, pipeline vibration is severe Amercoat products are available to Entrapped Gases
only when the generating frequency ~ prevent or arrest this effect, or for color As in all piping systems, high points in
at, or near, the natural resonance coding. Based on studies at the the system will trap air or other gases.
frequency of the pipeline. This factory, a five-mil single coat of Trapped gases may create a hazard
frequency is a function of the support Amercoat 85 will provide suitable during test and operation of the
system, layout geometry, temperature, protection for either epoxy or polyester system, and may restrict flow or
mass, and pipe stiffness, and is often pipe and fittings. drainage. It is recommended that air
difficult to predict. release valves be used at high points
There are two principal ways to control Adhesion of the coating is improved by to permit bleeding out trapped air or
stress caused by vibration. You can delaying the application until the pipe other gases. See Small-Diameter
usually observe the stability of the surface has begun to weather. Pipe Metallic Connections for suggested
system during initial operation and must be thoroughly cleaned with method of mounting.
add restraints or supports as required Amercoat 12 cleaner before applying *Amerons Bondstrand Series 7000
to reduce effects of equipment the coating. pipe includes electrically conductive
vibration. Where necessary guides For further information on chemical elements in the pipe wall which, when
illustrated in Figure 10 will effectively resistance, coverage, equipment and properly grounded, prevent
hold pipe from lifting or moving application procedures for these accumulation on the exterior of the
laterally coatings, contact Ameron's Protective pipe of dangerous levels of static
In special cases where source Coatings Division. electricity produced by the flow of
vibration is excessive (such as that Electrical Properties fluids inside the pipe.
resulting from pumps running Bondstrand pipe* offers high Steam Condensate
unbalanced), an elastomeric resistance to stray electrical currents, a Good drainage helps avoid water
expansion joint or other vibration common cause of corrosion around hammer in steam condensate lines.
absorber may be considered. If an valves and pumps. Table 7 gives the For further information, see our
expansion joint is considered, refer to results of tests on Bondstrand epoxy Bondstrand Guide for Steam
Expansion Joints. pipe in a clean, as-manufactured Condensate, BEG-9, available from
Connections to Tanks condition at room temperature. your local distributor.
The wall flexure of a tank as it is filled Obviously electrical properties, Heat Tracing
and emptied produces movements at especially surface resistivity, are greatly Heat tracing may be needed to
nozzles which must be affected by contamination and prevent freezing in cold weather or to
accommodated in the design. These atmospheric conditions. maintain flow of viscous fluids at
movements can be absorbed by a ambient temperature.
loop or turn, or by an expansion joint. High-velocity flows of fluids having low
Avoid direct, straight-line connections electrical conductivity such as Wrap heat tracing helically to avoid the
between tanks. petroleum distillates, can generate pipe deflection caused by heating one
side of the pipe. Heat tracing should
be directly on the pipe and within the
insulation. Do not exceed maximum
Table 6 trace temperatures of 300F for epoxy
Minimum Guide Spacing (feet) for Vertical Runs Supported from the Bottom products or 200F for polyester
Pipe products, and use the maximum trace
Diameter Fluid Temperature (F) temperature for the design of the
Series (in.) 100 150 200 250 piping system.
2000 2, 3, 4 25 20 15 10
4000 6,8,10,12 30 25 20 15 Handling Compressible Fluids
5000 2, 3, 4 25 20 10 ** Be sure to observe appropriate safety
6,8,10,12 30 25 15 ** to handle air or other compressible
precautions when designing systems
** Not recommended fluids. Aboveground piping should be
10
TabIe7 durometer hardness 60 5) placed
Electrical Properties of Bondstrand Series 2000, 4000 and 6000 Pipe between clamp and pipe is a suitable
ASTM alternative.
Property Value Test Method Space between Pipe
In multiple runs, allow clearance for
Dielectric constant, at 1 KHz for a flanges and other fittings having a
0.22-inch thickness 5.9 D150 diameter greater than the pipe.Table9
Dissipation factor, at 1 KHz for a shows the outside radius of standard
0.22-inch thickness 0.016-0.021 D150 Bondstrand products. Add space
Dielectric strength, by the short-time between pipe runs to accommodate
test using -inch electrodes in oil for a length changes at loops and turns.
0.23-inch thickness, volts per mil >230 D149 Insulate as necessary to avoid direct
Dielectric breakdown voltage, by the exposure to hot pipe or other heat
short-time test using -inch electrodes in sources.
oil for a 0.23-inch thickness, kv >53.4 D149
Surface resistivity, ohms 1010 to 1012 D257 Supports Permitting Pipe Movement
Volume resistivity, for a 0.22-inch Supports allowing pipe to move with
thickness 1014 to 1015 D257 relative freedom include:
hangers which are free to move
Note: laterally or longitudinally with the
All material was tested as manufactured and at room temperature. pipe,
fixed supports over which pipe must
Table 8 slide, allowing longitudinal
Recommended Nominal Hanger Sizes for Bondstrand Pipe movement and often lateral
Nominal Bare Pipe With With Two movement, and
Diameter or with Elastomeric Bondstrand guides which permit longitudinal
(in.) Sheet Metal Wrapper Pad 180 Support Saddles movement of the pipe but restrain
2 2 2 3 lateral movement.
3 3 3 4 Hangers are free to move on their
4 4 (5) 5 hanger rods and allow considerable
6 6 (7) (7) longitudinal and lateral movement.
8 8 (9) (9 ) Hanger types include band, ring or
10 10 (11 ) (12) clevis type (Figure 7), or roller types
12 12 (13 ) (14) (Figure 8) with the roller either
Note: suspended freely or held rigidly in a
Dimensions shown in parentheses are recommended inside diameters of anchoring device or frame.
9
support, and provide for a -inch elastomeric pad thickness or a /16 -inch Bondstrand saddle
thickness. Fixed supports permit the pipe to
move longitudinally and, in some
carefully protected from mechanical Bondstrand piping systems. cases, laterally An ordinary pipe rack
damage caused by equipment and Occasionally, larger supports as given made of steel angle is a typical fixed
vehicles. It is recommended that such in Table 8 are required to fit over support permitting both longitudinal
systems be tested hydrostatically for elastomeric pads or saddles, and lateral movement. Figure 9 shows
two hours, at a pressure twice the especially at anchors. some typical types of fixed support.
maximum operating pressure before Pipe resting in fixed supports requires
being placed in service. Clamping Forces protection from external abrasion
When using support styles that clamp (refer to Abrasion Protection).
Detailing the Supports the pipe, be sure that clamping forces Guides (Figure 10) restrict translational
The following paragraphs describe do not crush the pipe. Local crushing movement but may permit longitudinal
and illustrate the different methods could result from a poor fit and and rotational movement. Guides are
and devices used to support all-around crushing could result from recommended for lines which are
Bondstrand pipe and fittings in a over-tightening. subject to sideloads or uplift.
suspended system. Examples include lines subjected to
Where the pipe must be held tightly pressure surges lines emptied and
Because outside diameters of and anchored by the support, mount a filled during operation, and lines
Bondstrand pipe are the same as pair of 1800 support saddles between (especially when empty) which can be
those for iron pipe size (IRS) clamp and pipe for the ultimate in lifted or moved by wind or other
standards, standard pipe supports strength and long life. In many cases, a external loading. Use guides on
and hangers often may be used for -inch thick elastomeric pad (Shore A vertical runs (see Table 6). Though no
11
TabIe 9
Radius for Determining Piping Clearance Requirements for Multiple Runs
Nominal Quick-Lock:
Diameter Fittings Flanges
(in.) (radius, in.) (radius, in)
2 1 3
3 2 3
4 2 4
6 3 5
8 4 6
10 6 8
12 7 9
Notes:
1. Provide additional clearance between pipe runs to accommodate length changes at loops and
turns. Supports that Anchor Pipe
2. Provide additional clearance where Bondstrand saddles are used for branching, or where Pipe n a straight run is usually
Bondstrand maintenance couplings or other special joining systems are used. anchored by clamps or split rings.
Light anchors intended only to hold
significant longitudinal movement is provided by bonding a half section of pipe in position between loops or turns
involved. guides are normally required the same pipe to the line pipe. in a free system may be fixed
for restrained systems at spacings Elastomeric material such as rubber, supports, as shown in Figure 11.
given in Figures 5 and 6. An neoprene or even cut-up tire Supports required to resist length
inexpensive guide for most casings. This material may be either changes in restrained systems
applications is a light-duty U-bolt, bonded in place or held by the generally require the use of saddles.
double-nutted to restrict horizontal clamping force of the support Saddles are recommended where
and vertical movement but which device. pipe is to be held by ring clamps
permits free longitudinal movement. Galvanized sheet metal, bonded or (Figure 12). Bonded saddles also may
banded to the pipe, where the be used as a shear key along with a
Abrasion protection must be provided environment is not too corrosive. loose anchoring ring.
to protect the pipe where it slides Recommended minimum metal Valves and pumps in Bondstrand lines
through a fixed support or guide. gauge is: must be supported independently
Choose a material compatible with the 2-through 6-in. pipe: Figure 13 shows how supports may be
service environment and budget. 16 gauge (0.0598 in.) bolted to a flange to support weight, to
Some recommended protective 8-through 12-in. pipe: resist thrust and torque, and to provide
methods include: 10 gauge (0.1345 in.) electrical grounding.
Bondstrand saddles, which provide
a clean, corrosion-free surface Bonding or banding abrasion Vertical pipe runs are usually
acting as a stiffening saddle for the protection firmly to the pipe is anchored using bonded saddles or
pipe. Saddles are bonded to the necessary where movement is flanges resting on a suitably reinforced
pipe. In eight-Inch pipe and larger, possible between the pipe and the and mounted guide or riser clamp
light-duty abrasion protection can be support. (Figure 14).
12
C.
Figure 7
Typical Hanger
Details
Figure B
Pipe Roll Hangers and Supports Shown with 1800 Metal Wrapper or 1800
Bondstrand Saddle (see Table 5)
13
Figure 9
Fixed Supports Shown with 180 Metal Wrapper or 180 Bondstrand Saddle
Permanently Affixed to Pipe
Figure 10
Details for Supporting and Guiding Pipe
Notes:
1 Elastomeric pads are suitable in restrained
systems where movement is negligible.
2. Bondstrand saddles or metal wrappers are
suitable if pipe can move longitudinally as in
vertical runs
14
Figure 11
Light-Duty Anchors for Free Systems Shown with Two 180 Bondstrand Saddles
Figure 12
Anchor Details for Restrained Pipe
15
Figure 13
Valve Support and Anchor
Figure 14
Supports for Vertical Pipe Runs
16
Table C1
Values for Use in Calculating Support Spacings
2
Uniform Load (lb/in.) Effective Beam Stiffness Factor, El (million lbin .}
Nom.
(1) (1) (2)
Pipe Weight Weight of Fluid Bondstrand Series 2000 Bondstrand Series 4000 Bondstrand Series 5000 '
Dia. of s.g s.g. s.g. At At At At At At At At At At At At
(in.) Pipe =1.0 =1.3 =1.6 100F 150F 200F 250F 100F 150F 200F 250F 100F 140F 170F 200F
2 0.07 0.13 0.16 0.20 0.88 0.71 0.53 0.35 0.72 0.58 0.43 0.29 0.57 0.37 0.21 0.087
3 0.10 0.29 0.38 0.47 3.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 2.4 1.9 1.4 0.96 1.9 1.2 0.71 0.29
4 0.16 0.48 0.63 0.77 8.2 6.6 4.9 3.3 7.0 5.6 4.2 2.8 5.6 3.6 2.1 0.85
6 0.25 1.1 1.4 1.8 27. 22. 16. 11. 23. 18. 14. 9.3 18. 12. 6.8 2.8
8 0.33 1.9 2.5 3.1 68. s4. 41. 27. 59. 47. 35. 23. 46. 30. 17. 7.1
10 0.46 3.0 3.9 4.9 133. 106. 80. 53. 115. 92. 69. 46. 91. 59. 34. 14.
12 0.53 4.3 5.6 6.9 224. 179. 134. 90. 193. 155. 116. 77. 153. 99. 57. 23.
(1)E = 2,100,000 (psi)- 6000 (psi/F) x T(F)

(2)E = 1,190,000 psi at 100F; 766,000 psi at 140F; 443,000 psi at 170F; 182,000 psi at 200F
Important notice
This literature and the information and
recommendations it contains are based
on data reasonably believed to be
reliable. However, such factors as
variations in environment, application or
installation, changes in operating
procedures. or extrapolation of data
may cause different results. Ameron
makes no representation or warranty,
express or implied, including warranties
of merchantability or fitness for purpose.
as to the accuracy, adequacy or
completeness of the recommendations
or information contained herein. Ameron
assumes no liability whatsoever in
connection with this literature or the
information or recommendations it
contains.
Written comments regarding this document

are invited. Please write Engineering
Manager, Ameron
Fiberglass Pipe Division.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Bondstrand
Guide for Installing
Suspended Pipe
Introduction procedures must be initiated prior to Bondstrand instructions, get them from
Owners and operators of piping accepting the shipment. Under your Bondstrand distributor or
systems want their piping to be shipping procedure, title passes at the representative before starting
trouble-free, last a long time, and have time of shipment. assembly work.
a low installed cost. To make this Do not throw or drop pipe and For Quick-Lock joints, instructions in
happen you need to install the pipe fittings - protect from all types of each adhesive kit show how to produce
properly This guide offers practical impact. Bondstrand may be damaged a reliable heat-cured joint. Use special
recommendations based on many by careless handling, sometimes care to sand and clean bonding
years of successful experience. It without exhibiting visible effects on the surfaces and keep them dry. Use a
explains many of the concepts upon pipe surface. mallet or ratchet winch to close the joint.
which these recommendations for Pipe or pipe bundles may be stored for Never use a metal hammer directly on
support, connection and anchorage extended periods in stacks up to four pipe or fittings.
are based. feet high. Pipe stacks must have side For Key-Lock joints, instructions for
Those who know how to install steel supports or blocks to prevent rolling or joining are supplied with the pipe.
pipe will find that most of the same skills slipping of the stack. A leveled, soft Clean, well lubricated joining surfaces
and techniques apply There are some earth surface free of rocks and other help to produce bottle-tight joints.
important differences. Relative to hard or sharp objects is recommended. For flanged joints, flange joining
carbon steel, Bondstrand averages If stored in racks or on bearing boards, procedures and recommendations on
only 16 per cent of the weight of the supports should be at least three gasketing and bolting are supplied with
Schedule 40, has a longitudinal inches wide and smooth or cushioned. Quick-Lock flanges and with flanged
modulus at least 14 times smaller and a The supports should be placed at two parts. A torque wrench used to tighten
thermal coefficient of expansion locations approximately four or five feet lubricated, clean-threaded bolts on
roughly 50 percent larger. Bondstrand from each end for 20-foot (6.1-meter) well-aligned flanges will yield reliable
requires protection against potential lengths. sealing with properly selected gaskets.
external abrasion or crushing at points
where supports are located, but this is For work on the pipe, such as cutting, See also Connections to Other Piping
done easily and economically preparing ends, or cleaning, two-point herein.
support is recommended for 20- and Note: Be sure all pipe assemblers are
These properties, though generally 30-foot (6.1- and 9.1-meter), and thoroughly trained in Bondstrand
advantageous, require the simple but three-point support for 40-foot assembly procedures, and recognize
important recognition and use of the (12.2-meter) lengths. the importance of using proper
handling and support concepts techniques. A timely call to your
described herein. The designer should Note: Do not place supports under Bondstrand distributor or Ameron sales
refer to our Bondstrand Engineering bells, spigots or factory-made joints. representative can arrange training
Guide for Suspended Pipe," BEG-i 3, Fittings and adhesives should be service for your project.
for a more thorough presentation and stored in the shipping boxes under
discussion of design features and cover and protected from water, If pipe is joined in hangers or racks, as
options contamination and high temperatures much preparation for the joint as
"First in, first out" use of stored possible should be done prior to the
Receiving, Storing and Handling of adhesives helps to avoid overrunning hanging but no more than two hours in
Pipe the one-year expiration date stamped advance. Dry-fit all joints and
Inspect incoming shipments of on the adhesive kits. match-mark before mixing and
Bondstrand pipe and fittings for abuse applying adhesive.
in shipping. Broken pipe bundles, Assembly of Pipe and Fittings Pipe lengths and especially
crushed fitting boxes, scratched and Prepare and assemble Bondstrand complicated subassemblies such as
gouged pipe and pipe with crushed or joints in accordance with step by-step loops, headers, etc. may often be
split ends are evidence of such abuse. assembly instructions If for any reason preassembled in a convenient work
If abuse is evident, damage claims you do not have the appropriate area for easier, more economical
Ameron 1994 FP 679 12/95 supersedes BEG-7 04/94. Printed in Holland

installation. After joints are completely Pipe joined into longer lengths or pipe
cured, subassemblies can be joisted and fittings in subassemblies should be
and either bonded or flanged into the lifted with web slings with enough lift
system. points to avoid excessive bending and
Quick-lock joints in hanging or standing dynamic flexing. In no case should the
pipe lines are assembled using normal spans or the handling loads per pickup
Bondstrand assembly procedures. point exceed those given in Table 1.
However, clamping of the joints may be Maximum spans are based on a
required to immobilize them during vertical lift such as obtained by a
cure of the adhesive, especially if windy full-width spreader bar or two cranes
conditions can affect the line or working together. __
supporting structure. If two pick-up points are harnessed to a Figure 1.
single crane without a spreader bar, Span Reduction factor as a function of
Note: It is frequently advantageous to reduce the maximum span. Multiply the lifting angle for obtaining maximum span
test long or involved systems in tabulated span by the reduction factor from Table 1 when using harnessed
subassemblies as the work proceeds. obtained from Figure 1. single lift.
Table 1
Guide for Handling Pipe During Assembly
Approximate Recommended
Nominal Pipe weight Maximum
234
Pipe Pounds Kilograms Maximum Span for
Diameter per per Pickup weight1 Lifting Pipe
in. mm Foot Meter Pounds Kilograms Feet Meter
2 50 0.8 1.2 37 17 25 7.7
3 80 1.2 1.8 68 31 32 9.8
4 100 1.9 2.8 130 60 38 11.6
6 150 3.0 4.5 240 110 46 13.9
8 200 4.0 6.0 400 180 55 16.8
10 250 5.5 8.2 550 250 60 18
12 300 6.4 9.5 740 335 65 20
16 400 10.7 15.9 900 410 70 22
Notes:
1. Do not exceed 90 pounds per inch (1.6 kilograms per millimeter) of lifting band width.
2. Maximum distance between lifting points for straight bonded pipe, no fittings. if the subassembly includes fittings or
flanges, reduce these spans so that the pickup weight is not increased. For example, two 6-inch (150 mm) flanges assembled with
bolts, nuts and washers weigh about 23 pounds (10kg). Divide this weight by the pipe weight per unit length, or 23 -: 3 = 7.6 feet
(10 -: 4.5 = 2.2 meters), and reduce the lifting span by this amount.
3. cantilever spans should not exceed 20 percent of these values.
4. The adjusted maximum span for lifting insulated pipe is obtained by
Support and Anchorage Fiberglass shields such as overtightening. Maximum clamping
Refer to the project plans and manufactured by Glas Mesh CO.* forces and recommended bolt torques
specifications for details and locations Galvanized sheet metal banded to the for two-bolt pipe clamps are given in
of supports and anchors. If more pipe, where the environment is not too Table 3.
information is needed, Ameron's corrosive. Recommended minimum Pump and Tank Connections
publication, "Bondstrand Engineering metal gauge is:
Guide for Suspended Pipe," BEG-13, 2-through 6-inch (50-through Pumps handling chemicals are often
provides guidance and helpful 150-mm) pipe: lined, and as linings fail, the pump
information on general design 16 gauge (0.0598 in.) (1.5 mm) vanes frequently become unbalanced
principles for optimum piping 8-through 12-inch (200-through creating vibration. A flexible connection
performance as well as hanger 300-mm) pipe: such as an expansion joint is
detailing. The guide also covers piping 10 gauge (0.1345 in.) (3.4 mm) considered a preferred arrangement,
expansion and contraction, and Bonding or banding abrasion though not a mandatory requirement for
includes information needed for the protection firmly to the pipe is connections to such equipment. Good
design of systems restrained against necessary where movement is possible alignment and fit of the piping manifold
movement. between the pipe and the support. around the pump is important.
If not shown on the plans, consult the Because outside diameters of Tanks may expand or settle. Use turns
appropriate Bondstrand pipe Bondstrand epoxy pipe are the same or loops in the piping to provide the
engineering guide for span as those for iron pipe size (I PS) required flexibility
recommendations at the operating standards, standard pipe supports and
temperature of your line. Do not exceed hangers often may be used for Connections to Other Materials
these distances if deflections are to be Bondstrand piping systems.
1/2 inch (13 mm) or less. In any case, Occasionally larger supports as given Connections to Other Piping
place supports under pipe rather than in Table 2 are required to fit over
fittings. elastomeric pads or saddles, Where possible, connect Bondstrand
especially at anchors. to either metallic or thermoplastic
Bondstrand pipe should not be point piping using flanges drilled to ANSI
supported, and all shields and hangers Standard B16.5, Class 150. Bondstrand
in contact with the pipe shall be free of Lines which are emptied and filled filament-wound flanges and
burrs. Abrasion protection must be during the cycle of operations may Bondstrand 2 and 3 inch (50 &
provided to protect the pipe where it require attention to anchoring the line at 80 mm) molded polyester flanges may
slides through a fixed support or guide. changes in direction. Bondstrand is be bolted directly against raised-face
Choose a material compatible with approximately 1/6 the weight of steel flanges provided a torque wrench
service environment and budget. Schedule 40 steel; therefore, it is is used These flanges also seal well
possible to generate thrust forces at against lined steel configurations. All
Some recommended protective turns that will move or lift the line when a Bondstrand standard flanges, epoxy
methods include: line is being filled rapidly Anchoring and polyester, provide sealing against
Bondstrand saddles, which provide a and limiting the possible movement of flat-face flanges Use a full-faced 1/8
clean, corrosion-free surface acting the line is then necessary inch (3 mm) thick elastomeric gasket
as a stiffening saddle for the pipe. with a Shore A hardness of 60 5 for
Saddles are bonded to the pipe. In Clamping Forces best results.
eight-inch pipe and larger, light-duty When using support styles that clamp Where Bondstrand is connected to
abrasion protection can be provided the pipe, be sure that clamping forces metallic pipe, securely anchor the
by bonding a half section of the same do not crush the pipe. Local crushing metallic pipe at the point of connection
pipe to the line pipe. could result from a poor fit, and so that expansion and contraction of
Elastomeric material such as rubber, all-around crushing could result from the metal line is not transferred to the
neoprene or even cut-up tire casings. Bondstrand line
This material may be held in place by *A division of Rubco Products, Inc,
pipe clamps or pipe insulation straps. West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380
Table 2
Recommended Nominal Hanger Sizes for Bondstrand Pipe
Bare Pipe With With Two
Nominal or with Elastomeric Bondstrand
Diameter Sheet Metal Wrapper1 Pad1,2 180 SupportSaddles1
in. mm in mm in. mm in. mm
2 50 2 ( 60) 2 ( 73) 3 ( 90)
3 80 3 ( 89) 3 (102) 4 (118)
4 100 4 (114) (5) (127) ( 5) (143)
6 150 6 (168) ( 7) (181) ( 7) (197)
8 200 8 (219) ( 9) (232) ( 9) (248)
10 250 10 (273) (11) (286) (12 ) (302)
12 300 12 (324) (13) (337) (14 ) (353)
16 400 16 (407) (16) (420) Not Available
Notes:
1. Dimensions shown in parentheses are recommended inside diameters of anchoring device or support and provide for a inch (6.4
mm) elastomeric pad thickness or a 9/16-inch (14.3 mm) Bondstrand saddle thickness.
2. Sizes to be used for coated Series 5000 pipe with metal or FRP shield over coating.
Table 3
2-Bolt Hanger Clamp Installation
Pipe Maximum Suggested
Nominal Clamp Clamping Bolt Torque**
Diameter Width Force English (ft-lb) Metric (Nm)
in. mm in. mm lb N in. in. M12 M20
Series 1600 and Series 7000
2 50 15 40 675* 3000* 7 10 8 12
3 80 2 50 900* 4000* 9 13 10 16
4 100 2 50 1140* 5100* 11 17 13 21
6 150 2.5 65 1420* 6300* 14 21 16 26
8 200 2.5 65 1575* 7000* 16 23 18 29
10 250 3 75 1890* 8400* 19 27 21 35
12 300 3 75 1890* 8400* 19 27 21 35
16 400 4 100 3310* 14,700* 30 44 38 61
Series 1200
6 150 2.5 65 825 3700 8 12 9 15
8 200 2.5 65 1060 4700 10 15 12 19
10 250 3 75 1550 6900 15 22 18 28
12 300 3 75 1800 8000 18 26 20 33
16 400 4 100 3310 14,700 30 44 38 61
* Multiply maximum clamping force and bolt torque by a factor of 0.9 for Series 2000 and 6000 pipe and by a factor of 0.7 for Series 4000
and 5000 pipe.
** Bolt torques in ft-lb are for UNC thread and in Nm for British Standard Coarse Series ISO metric thread. Bolt threads should be cleaned
and oiled to assure proper torque results.
Connection to Valves Small-Diameter Metallic Connections gases may create a hazard during test
Flanged valves and other equipment Outlets for instrumentation are best and operation of the system.
are frequently supplied with sealing made using orifice flanges with 1/2 inch Recognize that at 150 psi (10 bar), air
details built into the flange face. The (15 mm) instrument outlets threaded in will be compressed to 1/10th of its
configuration of these details may vary accordance with ANSI Standard B2.1. original volume and will store a
widely Unless it has been Threaded reducing bushings mounted considerable amount of energy
demonstrated that these details are in saddles, blind flanges and fittings Trapped gases may also restrict flow or
compatible with the face of Bondstrand plugs offer connections up to 1 V2 drainage.
flanges, use the standard full-faced, inches (40 mm) in diameter for a wide Closures for test can be made using
inch (3 mm) thick elastomer gasket in range of applications. The most blind flanges or valves. A Swel-Plug
addition to the built-in sealing details. commonly used metal bushing material positive-grip end closure, Model 4031*,
The valving system should be arranged is Type 316 stainless steel, but Ameron is a reusable alternative.
so that the pumps are not put into can furnish other materials on special For non-compressible fluid systems,
operation against closed valves. Valve order. Ameron's EB-13, available test the piping hydrostatically at 11/2
closing should also be held to a through your local Bondstrand times the operating pressure for a
maximum closing speed of four distributor, describes "Saddles for period of four hours. For compressible
seconds. Branching". fluid (air) systems, test the piping
Valves in Bondstrand lines should be Gravity Flow Connections hydrostatically for two hours at a
supported independently Supports There are different ways to make pressure twice the maximum operating
bolted to flange as shown below will gravity-flow connections to floor drains, pressure before placing the system in
provide helpful resistance to thrust and cast iron pipe, etc.; for example, a 4 service. Although gauge pressure drop
torque as line and valve support. See inch x 6 inch (100 x 150-mm) tapered will reveal larger leaks, a visual surface
also Ameron's EB-36 entitled body reducer will enlarge the receiving check of pipe, fittings and joints at the
"Recommended Support Details at end of a Bondstrand 4-inch (100 mm) end of the test period will provide the
Flanges. pipe and serve as a packing chamber best evidence of satisfactory
for the cast iron end of a floor drain 'or performance.
other fitting. Testing with air or some other
Conversely Bondstrand pipe can be compressible fluid is dangerous and
packed and sealed into a cast iron bell. should be avoided even for systems
In any case, avoid packing materials intended to handle them. Nevertheless
which must be applied at temperatures it is sometimes necessary to perform
above 200F (93C). Epoxy expansion tests with gases. With the gas pressure
joint compounds, such as Ameron's changes which can result from even
Nukem 750 (pouring grade), are minor temperature changes, gauge
recommended. pressure is often unreliable in checking
for leaks. In fact, the only positive way to
Elastomeric molded couplings are detect leaks in a pneumatic test is by
commercially available to connect soaping all pipe, fitting, and joint
Bondstrand to clay concrete, cast iron surfaces, and watching for bubbles,
or plastic pipe. and this can be accomplished only if
the pressure is low so that the system
Field Testing can be approached safely
Field testing is best and most Temperature has a marked influence on
safely accomplished using a non- test pressures, especially when air is
compressible fluid - usually water. used. Direct sun and the heat of the day
Provide taps for air and vapor removal *A product of the Tube Turns Division of
at all high points in the system. Trapped Chemetron Corp., Louisville, Kentucky 40201.
may cause pressures to rise, possibly fittings must be cut out and replaced if rated hydrostatic pressure at 70F
overstressing piping, valves and the fitting itself is leaking. This is done (21 C) are given for Maintenance
equipment. Avoid this by bleeding off by sawing the pipe, preparing spigot Couplings in the Bondstrand Fittings
pressure. Conversely falling test ends on the pipe, mounting nipples in Engineering Guide.
pressures may indicate cooling and the replacement fitting, and remounting
should be boosted until leakage is the fitting using couplings. Where the Important notice
verified. fitting or pipe cannot be moved
Avoid rapid, high-velocity fluid filling of sufficiently to mount the couplings, This literature and the information and
long lines. A rapidly moving column of rejoin the pipe with Bondstrand recommendations it contains are
fluid has high inertia and can build Maintenance Couplings. based on data reasonably believed to
explosive pressures in trapped air Leaking flanged joints may be be reliable. However, such factors as
pockets when the right conditions exist. improperly torqued, misaligned or variations in environment, application
damaged. Disassemble, correct or installation, changes in operating
Repairs problem and reassemble using the procedures, or extrapolation of data
"Troubleshooting section in your flange may cause different results. Ameron
Repairs of leaking pipe, whatever the assembly instructions. makes no representation or warranty,
cause, should be made by removing express or implied, including
the faulty section or a short length Installed lines are sometimes restrained warranties of merchantability or fitness
containing the fault, not by from movement or limited in clearance for purpose, as to the accuracy,
overwrapping the fault with any type of in such a way that the use of standard adequacy or completeness of the
patch or other material. If a pipe spigot couplings and ordinary joining recommendations or information
or bell is damaged during the laying procedures and tools for emergency contained herein. Ameron assumes no
operation, it should be cut off and a new repair is not feasible. Maintenance liability whatsoever in connection with
spigot end prepared. To replace a bell, Couplings are often suitable for the this literature or the information or
a coupling is bonded to the pipe. If the butt-end joining of cut pipe ends under recommendations it contains.
damage occurs after it has been laid, these conditions. The section to be
the damaged section should be cutout repaired is cutout of the existing system Written comments regarding this
and replaced with a new section. and replaced by inserting a length of document are invited. Please write
Flanged fittings are easily replaced, of new pipe or a new fitting or assembly in Engineering Manager, Ameron
course, but bonded Quick-Lock place of the faulty part. Dimensions and Fiberglass Pipe Division.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834
Packing & Handling
instructions for Bondstrand
Glassber Reinforced (GRE)
pipe and ttings
Introduction The purpose of these instructions is to preserve the quality of Bondstrand products
during the process of packing and handling of transport and storage on site.
Bondstrand pipe is manufactured from Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE). When
properly handled and installed, Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) pipe and ttings
result in a maintenance-free, high-performance pipe system. However, berglass
pipe and ttings are sensitive to impact during transport and handling and should be
handled with a reasonable amount of care prior to installation and use. Any person
handling Bondstrand pipe and ttings must be well informed about these instructions
and act accordingly.
Do not drop or throw pipes or stand on pipes or ttings;

Protect pipes and pipe ends from all types of impact and damage. When racking
pipes and ttings, precautions must be taken to prevent pipes and ttings from
sliding movement during handling and/or transport;
No metal handling tools should be used in direct contact with pipe and ttings.
Whenever pipe comes in contact with metal, padding such as carpet or foam
should be used;
Pipes in six (6) meter lengths may be lifted and carried by hand, or using webbed
straps or rope. When lifted at pipe-ends, avoid touching and contamination of
joining surfaces;
Twelve (12) meter lengths should be handled using a crane/forklift-truck with
spreader bar or transportation tube;
Pipe and ttings should only be placed on a surface that is free from sharp
objects;
Nesting of pipes is only allowed when pipes are not in direct contact. Inner pipe
should be wrapped with cushioning material at several places starting with pipe-
ends.
Ameron 2006. FP 167 (EUR) 03/06. Page 1 of 4. Printed in The Netherlands.

Packing TRANSPORT BY ROAD
Pipes
Ensure pipes are securely fastened to avoid movement during transport by means
of ropes or bands, air bags and/or side blocking to prevent damage. Do not use
steel ropes or other sharp materials which may cause damage. Prior to loading, the
oor and sides of the truck should be inspected on sharp objects. Floor and sides of
the truck must be cushioned using shock-absorbing materials (such as Ethafoam).
When loading pipes with a forklift-truck, attention is to be paid that forks are free of
sharp objects or protected. No other materials should be loaded on top of pipes.
Nesting of pipes is only allowed when pipes are not in direct contact. Inner pipe should
be wrapped with cushioning material at several places starting with pipe-ends.
Preference should be given to direct transportation: avoid overloading.
Fittings, properly packed in heavy domestic cartons, or pallet cartons may be used to
secure pipe from movement.
Pipes are generally sup-
plied loose or in bundles
(in case of small diameters
or quantities). The inside of
the pipe must be dry and
free of foreign objects that
could damage the pipe. Do
not drop, throw or stand on
pipes.
No steel straps or other
sharp materials may be
used to fasten pipes. In
case of large truckloads
and different diameters in same package, the smallest diameter is to be loaded rst.
Wooden layers are to be used to divide the total weight of materials.
Key-Lock and SSL pipes have mechanical treated surfaces and are protected
with end caps or equivalent
cushioning material (such
as Ethafoam). Ensure each
pipe-end remains free from
contact with the next pipe to
divide the weight of the pipe
equally.
For 6- meter lengths, two
(2) wooden bars must be
placed at approximately
120-150 cm from each end.
For 12-meter lengths (four)
4 wooden bars for
Key-Lock and 6 for
SSL pipe are required.
Quick-Lock and Taper/Taper pipe

Special attention should be paid to pipes supplied in 12-meter lengths. Pipes should
be packed and prepared so each row is separated. Four (4) wooden supports must
be used; two (2) of them placed approximately 120-150 cm from each end. The other
two (2) placed at 3-meter intervals to support the middle of the pipe.
Fittings
Fittings are packed in heavy domestic cartons or pallet-cartons, constructed in such
way that they can withstand rough handling. Cushioning materials (shredded paper,
Ethafoam, etc.) must be used to prevent ttings from bouncing. When large diameter
ttings are involved it is also acceptable to pack these items by positioning and
shrinking on pallets. No foreign objects are to be inserted in to the ttings as this could
damage the internal surface. Do not drop or throw ttings. No steel straps or other
sharp materials may be used to fasten ttings.

All cartons and boxes have customer name and address, customer order number and
Ameron order number and content listed on the outside. Boxes containing adhesives
(that are restricted) must be clearly identied using appropriate hazardous labels.
Spools
Prefabricated spools can be loaded either manually or by crane. Ends of spools must
be protected using caps, Ethafoam or equivalent cushioning material. Small diameter
spools with simple conguration (up to 8 inch) can be loaded on top of each other
provided sufcient cushioning materials are used. Small spools could, if length
permits, also be packed in pallet boxes. Larger diameter spools (above 8 inch) as well
as complicated spools should be loaded in such a way that they will not be in contact
with each other. Completion of packing including blocking and stowing should be as
described under packing of pipes.
TRANSPORT BY SEA
Containerization freight
Pipe and ttings are packed as described under TRANSPORT BY ROAD.
Conventional freight
Pipe, ttings and spools are packed in wooden crates, designed to withstand rough
weather conditions. For design of crates please refer to Specication for Crating of
Bondstrand materials.
TRANSPORT BY AIR
Pipes
Pipes should be packed in wooden crates similar to sea transport. Small quantities
may be packed in bundles wrapped with sufcient cushioning material. It is preferred
to ship pipes cut into 3 meter sections. This improves protection during handling and
transport.
Fittings
Please refer to TRANSPORT BY ROAD.
Spools
Unloading of pipes may be done manually by carrying pipes in the centre or at the
Unloading ends, avoiding direct contact with mechanical treated parts as described. The use of
a forklift-truck is accepted, provided the forks are protected with cushioned materials.
Pipe should never be thrown or dropped under any circumstances
No steel straps are allowed. Cartons can be unloaded by hand or -in case of pallet
cartons- using a forklift-truck. Attention should be paid to the pipe storage area.
A levelled, soft earth surface, free of stones and other hard or sharp objects, is
recommended.

Storage The rst layer of pipes should be stored on wooden supports, or other equal soft
material: a minimum of three (3) or six (6) meter lengths and four (4) for 12 meter
lengths) pipe or bundles may be stored in stacks up to approx. 150 cm. height. To
divide the total weight, supports must be placed at regular intervals. Supports should
be placed in the centre and approx. 100 cm from each end. Wooden edges should be
placed at the end of the row to prevent pipes from falling. Do not remove end caps or
other protecting material until materials are actually used.
Fittings can be removed from the cartons, closely inspected and stored on the shelves,
preferable inside a warehouse. Extended storage outside will tend to impair the
appearance of the tting, but will not affect its physical strength.
Adhesives must be stored indoors below 38C. where the carton is protected from
the weather. In addition to adhesives, any equipment and accessories such as tools,
nylon-keys, o-rings lubricant etc. should be stored indoor as well, to protect from
weather conditions.
Note: When racking pipes and ttings, precautions must be taken to prevent pipes
and ttings from sliding movement during handling and/or transport.
Recommendation Incoming shipments should be properly inspected. Although these Instructions do

not address all problems or situations that may occur, the intent is to emphasize the
importance of the purchasers inventory and inspection of each shipment. Particular
attention should be paid to the possibility of concealed damage and the proper steps
taken. Unloading and proper storage are the responsibility of the purchaser.
Important notice This literature and the recommendations for usage it contains, are based on data
normal operating conditions. Variation in environment, changes in operating procedures,
or extrapolation of data may cause unsatisfactory results. Since we have no control over
the conditions of service, we expressly disclaim responsibility for the results obtained or
for any consequential or incidental damages of any kind incurred.
Group Headquarters
Ameron International - Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Division
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

Ameron International Centron International, Inc. Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd
Introduction in to glass
reinforced plastics
General statement A general definition of a composite is a synergistic combination of
two or more materials. More specifically, the composites referred
to here comprise a high strength reinforcement in fibrous form,
incorporated into and bonded together by a matrix, usually a
thermosetting polymer. The term fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) is
widely used to describe such materials with glass reinforced
plastic (GRP) when the reinforcement is glass fiber. Glass
reinforced epoxy (GRE) is used when, as in the case of much
composite pipework, epoxy resin is the matrix
The nature of E-glass Most glass fibers consist of E-glass, a term which once stood
fibers for electrical grade glass, as used in insulators and capacitors.
This glass, which is transparent and brittle, but of high strength, is
a super-cooled mixture of metallic oxides. Glasses in bulk form
tend to have relatively low strength levels, because of the
presence of microscopic surface flaws which act at site for crack
propagation. Glass in fibrous form can be much stronger provided
that the surface of the fibers is protected at all times against
damage. Glass is produced in a furnace about 1200C and spun
into fibers by allowing it to drain under its own weight through
many heated bushings. Molten glass is quite corrosive, and the
bushings must be made from platinum to avoid damage, and to
protect the glass from contamination. Each bushing contains
many hundreds of holes through which the molten glass must
pass before forming fibers of approximately 10 microns in
diameter.
The secret of the strength of glass fibers, and of their ability to

bond to polymeric matrices is the size which is applied to the
surface of the fiber's in the form of an aqueous solution shortly
after the fiber's emerge from the bushings. The size contains a
polymeric binder which coats the glass surface to protect it and
lightly binds together the individual fiber's in each fiber tow to
prevent them rubbing against one another during subsequent
handling and processing. The size also contains a coupling agent
- 1 - a reactive component, usually an organosilane, which is a
multi-functional molecule. The silane part of the molecule bonds
tightly to the surface of the glass while the organic part is
designed to attach itself to the polymer matrix. When purchasing
glass fiber it is necessary to stipulate the type of resin matrix to be
used, since some coupling agents are specifically chosen to be
compatible with particular resins. The size also contains a film
former to enable it to spread over the glass surface and lubricants
to facilitate processing without damage.
Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group/Europe

P.O.Box 6 4191 CA Geldermalsen Holland
tel. +31 345 587 587 fax +31 345 587 561
Despite the presence of the size, every processing or handling
operation introduces flaws and reduces the strength of the
glass. By the time it has been incorporated into the composite, the
effective tensile strength is generally about 1700 Mpa, which is
many times tower than its strength immediately after leaving the
bushing.
After spinning, the glass fiber tows, referred to as rovings1 are
wound at high speed onto cylindrical packages, or cheeses, and
placed in a drying oven where the water in the size coating is
removed. These cylindrical packages are the basic intermediate
from which a wide variety of glass reinforcing products are
manufactured. Examples of such products are described in figure
1 and are given in table 1 and 2.
The tex of a fiber tow or roving is its weight in g per km.
Undirectional rovings can be used directly in composite

manufacture, or they can be converted to other intermediate
products. Direct applications include the uni-directional rovings
used in process such as spray lay up, filament winding and
pultrusion. Alternatively, the glass strands may be chopped,
usually to a length of 50 mm, and sprinkled onto a moving belt to
make chopped strand mat (CSM), the most widely used
reinforcing product for boat building and other general purpose
GRP products. CSM contains randomly orientated glass strands,
held together by the application of a small amount of polymeric
binder. In purchasing CSM, it is important to specify the type of
binder: some are soluble in liquid resin, some are not.
More importantly, some binders are unsuitable for use in

laminates to be continuously immersed in water. CSM is widely
used in contact moulding, resin transfer moulding and other
processes.
Continuous strand mat or swirl mat is similar in some respects to

CSM, except that the fiber's are continuous. Swirl mat is used in
pultrusion, where the reinforcement is required to have sufficient
integrity to allow it to be pulled through the process under tension.
Technical Bulletin 1
May 1998
2
Glass fibre manufacture
intermediate products Figure 1.
and process
Properties of fibres and

typical composite Table 1. Fibers and metals
materials
Density Modulus Tensile Specific Specific
103-kg/m3 (Gpa) strength stiffness strength
Mpa (GPa)* (MPa)*
E-glass 2.5 70 1700 28 680
carbon 1.8 230 to 820 2000 to 820 128 to 1111 to
7000 455 3900
Ararnid 1.4 130 3000 98 2140
Polyethylene 0.97 170 3000 175 3090
HT steel 7.8 210 750 27 96
Aluminium 2.7 75 260 28 96
*Stiffness or strength divided by Specific Gravity
Table 2: Material properties

Resin Reinforcement Possible applications Density Tensile Tensile comp. Approx.
(g/cm3) strength Modulus strength cost
(Mpa) (Gpa) (Mpa)* (/kg)
Polyester E-Glass CSM 1.44 80-180 7.3.9.3 140-150 1.6
E-Glass WR General Hand lay-up 1.63 210-300 12-21 150-270 1.8
E-Glass uni 1.80 410-1180 1241 210480 1.8
S-Glass WR Increased stiffness 1.64 440 20 210 5.6
amid WR 1.31 430 26 115 17.1
vinylester E-Glass WR General RTM lay up 1.89 342 25 355 2,4
Glass WR 1.90 =520 =45 -- 5.8
Aramid WR Increased & high stiffness 1.35 =500 =40 -- 20.2
Carbon WR 1.50 =600 =85 -- 18.0
Epoxy E-GIass WR Higher strength, durability 1.92 360 17 240 3.0
E-Glass Uni Fatigue loading 1.92 1190 39 1001 3.2
Aramid WR High stiffness 1.33 517 31 172 20.9
1.38 1379 76 276 21.0
High strength & stiffness 1.53 625 73 500 48.3
1.57 2040 134 1000 18.5
Phenolic E-Glass CSM Non/semi structural, fire 1.50 85-150 5-7.5 -- 2.1
E-Glass WR high temperature resist. 1.65 220-330 13-17 -- 2.2
Acrylic E-Glass WR Structural, Fire/high 170 308 21 292 2.3
temperature resistance
Note: these figures are for guidance only
May 1998
3
Glass fiber rovings may also be woven by standard textile
processes into a range of reinforcing fabrics. Such woven rovings
can have various types of weave, such as plain, satin or twill, plain
being the most common. Woven rovings can be used in
processes such as contact moulding, resin transfer moulding and
pre-preg manufacture. In their most common form, woven rovings
have equal quantities of fiber in the warp and weft directions,
giving orthotropic laminates with roughly similar properties in
these two directions. It is also possible to produce biased fabrics
with different quantities of fiber in the two directions, the extreme
case being "unidirectional" fabric, where almost all the
reinforcement is the in the warp direction, with lust sufficient
stitching in the transverse direction to maintain integrity during
processing
Recently, there has been interest in "non-crimp" fabrics, where

uni-directional rovings are stitched together in layers. These
fabrics produce somewhat stronger, stiffer laminates than woven
fabrics, because the rovings do not undulate as they would in a
conventional fabric. It is also possible to stitch together layers or
plies with different fiber orientation, including 45 plies, as well
as 90 ones.
C-glass C-glass is chemically resistant glass, used as a protective layer in

the manufacture of pipes and other GAP
components exposed to aggressive environments. Unlike E-glass,
C-glass, which is manufactured by a different process, is not
available in the form of continuos rovings. It is supplied as a non-
woven mat, known as surface veil. The use of C-glass is intended
to provide a resin rich barrier layer between a particular fluid
environment and the main stress-bearing part of the laminate.
Other special glass and In addition to E-glass, there is range of glassy

ceramic fibers reinforcements of alternative composition, designed to give
either superior mechanical performance or resistance to certain
types of environment. These types of glass reinforcement are
more expensive than E-glass, by a factor of 5 to 30, depending
upon the material. S-glass, S2-glass and A-glass offer substantial
strength and small stiffness improvements over E-glass, while
ECR- glass offers enhanced resistance to certain types of
corrosive environment. The use of these special glasses offshore
is not currently significant, but could grow.
Silica and aluminia fiber's have much better high temperature

performance than E-glass, which softens well below 10000C.
Benefits can therefore be achieved by combining small amounts
of these fiber's with E-glass when hydrocarbon fire resistance is
needed.
May 1998
4
The nature of Polymers consist of long organic chain molecules. They are
thermosetting resins held together by two types of bond: the strong covalent
bonds joining the atoms within the chains and the weak Van der
Waals bonds which are between adjacent chains. If the chains are
linear, the polymer can be melted or softened to allow it to be
shaped, then cooled again.
Resins of this type are known as thermoplastics. If, on the other

hand, the chains are bridged or cross-linked to form a molecular
network, a polymer is obtained which cannot be melted and
cannot be easily deformed without either fracture or
decomposition taking place. This type of polymer is known as a
thermoset.
Although there is interest in using thermoplastic polymers as the

basis for composites, thermoplastics matrix composites are still at
an early stage of development, and hence are unsuitable for large
structures. All the resins of current interest for offshore use are of
the thermosetting type.
Typical characteristics of thermosetting polymers are that they

usually have stiffness values in the range 2-4 GPa, depending on
the degree of cross linking, with strength values around 40-70
MPa and, being bound together chemically, they are capable of
relatively little plastic deformation. Hence they cannot be shaped
by flow or plastics deformation. It follows that when fabricating
composite parts. from thermosetting polymers the shaping
operation must be carried out at the same time as the chemical
reaction that establishes the cross linked network. The cross-
linking process, known as curing, can be carried out in two
different ways. In the case of cold curing, the cross-linking
reaction is started by mixing together components which react. In
hot curing, the sequence of reactions which produces cross-
linking is initiated by raising the temperature.
The cure reaction often fails to go to completion initially. In

C most cases, the properties of the composites are
considerably improved if a post-curing operation is carried
out. This is usually done by placing the component in an oven for
several hours at elevated temperature. Sometimes, however, the
size or shape of the component may prevent this.
Thermosets become softer as temperature is increased, but do

not melt in the way that thermoplastics do. At an elevated
temperature, large segments of the molecules eventually become
mobile and the Modulus falls to a low value. The
temperature where the Modulus drops most sharply is called the
glass transition temperature or Tg. This temperature is often
taken as an approximate indication of the maximum service
temperature of the resin. Eventually, at some temperature in
excess of the glass transition temperature, the resin will begin to
decompose.
May 1998
5
Polyesters These are the resins most commonly used in the manufacture of
thermosetting composites in the uncured state they consist of a
polymer, an unsaturated polyester resin. Unsaturated means that
the backbone chain contains some carbon-carbon double bonds.
The polyester is dissolved in a reactive monomor, usually styrene.
To cure the resin, a peroxide initiator must be added, which
decomposes to produce free radicals which act on the styrene
monomor, causing it to polymerise. The polymerisation takes
place by the opening up of the double bonds in the styrene and
the double bonds in the polyester chain are also involved in this
reactions, leading to a molecular network where the polyester
chains are cross-linked by polystyrene ones, as shown
schematically in figure
2.
Scheme of the filament

winding process Figure 2. Schematic representation of the cure mechanism of
polyester resins
In cold -cured polyesters, the decomposition of the peroxide

initiator is catalysed by adding an accelerator, usually a cobalt
salt. In hot-cured resins the peroxide decomposition is triggered
simply by increasing the temperature.
The constituents of the polyester chain can be varied to confer the

desired properties on the final polymer. For instance, the density
of the cross-links can be controlled by varying the number of
double bonds in the chain, known as the reactivity of the resin.
Resins with high reactivity produce highly cross-linked products
which have a high glass transition temperature and good chemical
resistance, but which are somewhat brittle at room temperature.
Low reactivity resins give a lower level of cross-linking, a lower Tg
and less chemical resistance, but are tougher at room
temperature.
May 1998
6
The advantage of the free radical cure mechanism is its ease of
control. The uncured resins are fairly stable and have a long shelf
life but when they are required to cure, the reaction may be
brought about rapidly and controllably. The period of time for
which the resins remain processable after the curing system has
been added is known as the pot life. Different pot lives are
required according to the size of the laminating operation and the
process used. The rate of cure can be varied by changing the
amount of curing agent added, and additionally, a delay in the
onset of curing, which may be needed for instance when
laminating large structures, can be achieved by adding an
inhibitor. The polyesters also have some disadvantages. The cure
reaction is temperature sensitive, so the environmental
temperature must be held within certain limits. The resins also
tend to emit styrene vapour during processing, which is
undesirable from a health and safety viewpoint. Good ventilation
is required when laminating large areas.
Epoxy Vinylesters These resins are, to a certain extent, a chemical

compromise between epoxies and polyesters. The
unsaturated polyester is replaced by an epoxy-like one,
which is much more chemically and thermally resistant.
Moreover, the styrene content is decreased. The curing
mechanism is similar to that of the polyesters, although more
accurate control of the quantities of curing agent added is
essential, as the cure reaction is less tolerant of
compositional variations than in the case of polyesters.
Epoxy vinylesters, or simply vinylesters or variants of this
system are used in place of polyester when improved
toughness and chemical resistance is needed.
Epoxies Epoxy resin systems generally consist of two separate

ingredients which must be mixed immediately prior to
processing. One of these is the epoxide or resin part of the
system. Although the constituents of the molecule may be
varied to achieve certain final properties, the key
characteristic is the epoxide or ring like structure at each end
of the molecule, and the fact that there are a number of -OH
groups present on the chain. The cross-linking reaction may
involve both the end groups and the hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
The second ingredient of the resin is the hardener, which is

frequently a primary or secondary amine or an acid anhydride. For
wet laminating and filament winding, the main offshore uses,
amine cured epoxies are preferred. Two different types of amine
may be used; aliphatic amines or aromatic amines.
Aromatic amines give the highest Ta values, and the best

mechanical and chemical properties at high temperature, but they
are most expensive. Aliphatic amines are less expensive and
below 100C their cured resin properties are at least as good as
those of aromatic amines. They do, however, require careful post
curing.
May 1998
7
Unlike the polyester resins, epoxies lake longer to cure during
processing. Anhydride cured epoxies have excellent properties
and are used in prepeg systems for aerospace and also in large
quantities in piping Systems.
In the case of epoxy prepregs, the reinforcement is impregnated

with resin and cure allowed to progress to an intermediate B-stage
where it is halted. The prepeg is then kept at low temperature until
it is needed for moulding. Prepreg systems are much more
expensive than composites produced by the "wet resin route", but
they do produce products with excellent properties. Some
companies with in-house pre-pregging facilities are beginning to
use prepeg systems for marine construction.
Phenolics These are the oldest class of synthetic polymers. Recently, many
improvements have taken place in the chemistry of
these resins, which have rendered them suitable for use in
composites. There are two main types of phenolic resin which am
distinguished by the type of curing agent used.
The majority of the liquid resins processed by cold cure are

hardened by the addition of a strong acid catalyst. The catalyst
can cause problems with corrosion of mould tooling and there can
also be difficulties with the alkali content of glass fiber
reinforcements from certain sources, which can interfere with the
action of the curing agent. Most phenolic resins contain a certain
amount of water, and further water is evolved during the cure
reaction. Although most of the water can be removed by a high
temperature post cure, this usually leaves the matrix with a
number of microvoids. Despite this, and despite the fact that the
matrix is relatively brittle in the un-reinforced state, phenolic resin
composites have good mechanical properties, which at room
temperature are comparable to those of composites based on
isophtalic polyester. Because of the presence of the microvoids,
phenolics show a higher level of water absorption than the other
resins but there is little evidence as yet that this causes any long
term deterioration of properties.
The outstanding feature of phenolic resins, which has proved the

driving force behind the development of more easily processed
grades, is their fire performance. They possess relatively good
levels of integrity at high temperatures, have low smoke and
toxicity as well as low levels of heat release. For these reasons,
they may well be the only resin systems which can be tolerated in
laminates facing in critical area's such as accommodation
modules and safe havens. The reason for the good performance
of these resins in tire is that instead of decomposing and
volatilising at high temperatures, the aromatic ring structure in
phenolics condenses progressively, eventually producing a
carbonaceous char, which persists for some time. However, a
disadvantage of phenolics in fire is that any water present in the
laminate can sometimes lead to violent delamination when it
volatiles.
May 1998
8
Because of their generally attractive attributes in fire, there have
been attempts recently to develop grades or resin that can be
processed by pultrusion. These have met with some limited
success, and there are now two manufacturers in Europe offering
phenolic matrix pultrusions.
Phenolic resins are also used as the basis for foams, which have
excellent insulating properties, combined with low
toxicity. They are unfortunately very friable, which greatly restricts
their feasibility for use as a core for sandwich
panels.
There are, however, a number of phenolic based syntactic core

materials which contain various lightweight mineral
fillers bonded together in a phenolic matrix. Some of these
materials have exceptionally good burn-through
characteristics are therefore viable core materials for heat and
blast protections panels.
In addition to the acid-cured phenolics, there is another class,

known as novolacs, which are cured by alkaline agents. These
resins are favoured for hot cure processes such as press and
prepeg moulding. Recently, to overcome the problems of both
acid and base cured resins, new "neutral curing systems have
been introduced.
Filament-Winding This is the process by which composite pipework is manufactured,

but which has also the potential to be used for large complex
structures. There are several configurations, but in the most
common one, shown in Figure 3, continuous tows of
reinforcement are drawn through a resin bath to wet them and
then applied, via a transversing feed eye, to a rotating mandrel.
The speed of the feed eye relative to that of the mandrel
determines the winding angle. For pressure piping, a winding
angle of t 550 is normally used. Modern winding machines are
numerically controlled to lay down a precisely controlled number
of covers of reinforcement. For chemical resistance, pipes are
usually provided with a resin rich inner linen This is applied
to the mandrel in the form of a non-woven scrim, soaked in resin.
The reinforcement in the scrim may be either C-glass of non-
woven polyester fabric.
Filament winding is not limited to simple cylindrical shapes:

pipes with bell ends may be wound, as may pressure vessels or
storage tanks with wound in ends. Large structures such as
storage tanks and silos may also be produced by filament
winding. In some cases as with large tanks, the process may be
simplified to one of hoop winding, to minimise the rate at which
the feed eye must transverse the mandrel. When this is done,
spray lay-up of randomly oriented fiber's is often employed in
addition to the hoop winding to give the structure the necessary
transverse strength.
May 1998
9
The process is not limited to axi-symmetric structures:
prismatic shapes and more complex parts, such as tee-joints may
be wound on machines equipped with the appropriate number of
degrees of freedom. Complex shapes which have been
successfully filament wound include rocket motor casings1 aircraft
fuselages and railroad hopper cars.
In the introduction of pipework, impregnated lows are wound onto

waxed, preheated steel mandrels. After winding these are
removed from the machine to an oven for curing and post curing,
during which the mandrel is continuously rotated to maintain
uniformity or resin content around the circumference. After curing,
the pipe is removed from the mandrel, either by a hydraulic
extractor or by the application of internal pressure. Although most
filament winding operations are batch processes, it is possible to
filament wind continuous pipework.
Figure 3. Scheme of the filament winding process
RECIPROCAL FILAMENT WINDING PROCESS
Source 1994 Marinetech Research, Project CP 275, General Principals

and Guidance for the Application of Glass Reinforced Composites
Offshore.
Edited by : D.A. Spagni and A.G. Gibson.

Contributors: M.J. Cowling, T. Hodgkiess, T.Y. Reddy.
May 1998
10
Packing TRANSPORT BY ROAD
Pipes
Ensure pipes are securely fastened to avoid movement during transport by means
of ropes or bands, air bags and/or side blocking to prevent damage. Do not use
steel ropes or other sharp materials which may cause damage. Prior to loading, the
oor and sides of the truck should be inspected on sharp objects. Floor and sides of
the truck must be cushioned using shock-absorbing materials (such as Ethafoam).
When loading pipes with a forklift-truck, attention is to be paid that forks are free of
sharp objects or protected. No other materials should be loaded on top of pipes.
Nesting of pipes is only allowed when pipes are not in direct contact. Inner pipe should
be wrapped with cushioning material at several places starting with pipe-ends.
Preference should be given to direct transportation: avoid overloading.
Fittings, properly packed in heavy domestic cartons, or pallet cartons may be used to
secure pipe from movement.
Pipes are generally sup-
plied loose or in bundles
(in case of small diameters
or quantities). The inside of
the pipe must be dry and
free of foreign objects that
could damage the pipe. Do
not drop, throw or stand on
pipes.
No steel straps or other
sharp materials may be
used to fasten pipes. In
case of large truckloads
and different diameters in same package, the smallest diameter is to be loaded rst.
Wooden layers are to be used to divide the total weight of materials.
Key-Lock and SSL pipes have mechanical treated surfaces and are protected
with end caps or equivalent
cushioning material (such
as Ethafoam). Ensure each
pipe-end remains free from
contact with the next pipe to
divide the weight of the pipe
equally.
For 6- meter lengths, two
(2) wooden bars must be
placed at approximately
120-150 cm from each end.
For 12-meter lengths (four)
4 wooden bars for
Key-Lock and 6 for
SSL pipe are required.
Quick-Lock and Taper/Taper pipe

Special attention should be paid to pipes supplied in 12-meter lengths. Pipes should
be packed and prepared so each row is separated. Four (4) wooden supports must
be used; two (2) of them placed approximately 120-150 cm from each end. The other
two (2) placed at 3-meter intervals to support the middle of the pipe.
Fittings
Fittings are packed in heavy domestic cartons or pallet-cartons, constructed in such
way that they can withstand rough handling. Cushioning materials (shredded paper,
Ethafoam, etc.) must be used to prevent ttings from bouncing. When large diameter
ttings are involved it is also acceptable to pack these items by positioning and
shrinking on pallets. No foreign objects are to be inserted in to the ttings as this could
damage the internal surface. Do not drop or throw ttings. No steel straps or other
sharp materials may be used to fasten ttings.

All cartons and boxes have customer name and address, customer order number and
Ameron order number and content listed on the outside. Boxes containing adhesives
(that are restricted) must be clearly identied using appropriate hazardous labels.
Spools
Prefabricated spools can be loaded either manually or by crane. Ends of spools must
be protected using caps, Ethafoam or equivalent cushioning material. Small diameter
spools with simple conguration (up to 8 inch) can be loaded on top of each other
provided sufcient cushioning materials are used. Small spools could, if length
permits, also be packed in pallet boxes. Larger diameter spools (above 8 inch) as well
as complicated spools should be loaded in such a way that they will not be in contact
with each other. Completion of packing including blocking and stowing should be as
described under packing of pipes.
TRANSPORT BY SEA
Containerization freight
Pipe and ttings are packed as described under TRANSPORT BY ROAD.
Conventional freight
Pipe, ttings and spools are packed in wooden crates, designed to withstand rough
weather conditions. For design of crates please refer to Specication for Crating of
Bondstrand materials.
TRANSPORT BY AIR
Pipes
Pipes should be packed in wooden crates similar to sea transport. Small quantities
may be packed in bundles wrapped with sufcient cushioning material. It is preferred
to ship pipes cut into 3 meter sections. This improves protection during handling and
transport.
Fittings
Spools
Unloading of pipes may be done manually by carrying pipes in the centre or at the
Unloading ends, avoiding direct contact with mechanical treated parts as described. The use of
a forklift-truck is accepted, provided the forks are protected with cushioned materials.
Pipe should never be thrown or dropped under any circumstances
No steel straps are allowed. Cartons can be unloaded by hand or -in case of pallet
cartons- using a forklift-truck. Attention should be paid to the pipe storage area.
A levelled, soft earth surface, free of stones and other hard or sharp objects, is
recommended.

Storage The rst layer of pipes should be stored on wooden supports, or other equal soft
material: a minimum of three (3) or six (6) meter lengths and four (4) for 12 meter
lengths) pipe or bundles may be stored in stacks up to approx. 150 cm. height. To
divide the total weight, supports must be placed at regular intervals. Supports should
be placed in the centre and approx. 100 cm from each end. Wooden edges should be
placed at the end of the row to prevent pipes from falling. Do not remove end caps or
other protecting material until materials are actually used.
Fittings can be removed from the cartons, closely inspected and stored on the shelves,
preferable inside a warehouse. Extended storage outside will tend to impair the
appearance of the tting, but will not affect its physical strength.
Adhesives must be stored indoors below 38C. where the carton is protected from
the weather. In addition to adhesives, any equipment and accessories such as tools,
nylon-keys, o-rings lubricant etc. should be stored indoor as well, to protect from
weather conditions.
Note: When racking pipes and ttings, precautions must be taken to prevent pipes
and ttings from sliding movement during handling and/or transport.
Recommendation Incoming shipments should be properly inspected. Although these Instructions do

not address all problems or situations that may occur, the intent is to emphasize the
importance of the purchasers inventory and inspection of each shipment. Particular
attention should be paid to the possibility of concealed damage and the proper steps
taken. Unloading and proper storage are the responsibility of the purchaser.
Important notice This literature and the recommendations for usage it contains, are based on data
normal operating conditions. Variation in environment, changes in operating procedures,
or extrapolation of data may cause unsatisfactory results. Since we have no control over
the conditions of service, we expressly disclaim responsibility for the results obtained or
for any consequential or incidental damages of any kind incurred.
Group Headquarters
Ameron International - Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Division
Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393

Ameron International Centron International, Inc. Ameron B.V. Ameron (Pte) Ltd
Introduction in to glass
reinforced plastics
General statement A general definition of a composite is a synergistic combination of
two or more materials. More specifically, the composites referred
to here comprise a high strength reinforcement in fibrous form,
incorporated into and bonded together by a matrix, usually a
thermosetting polymer. The term fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) is
widely used to describe such materials with glass reinforced
plastic (GRP) when the reinforcement is glass fiber. Glass
reinforced epoxy (GRE) is used when, as in the case of much
composite pipework, epoxy resin is the matrix
The nature of E-glass Most glass fibers consist of E-glass, a term which once stood
fibers for electrical grade glass, as used in insulators and capacitors.
This glass, which is transparent and brittle, but of high strength, is
a super-cooled mixture of metallic oxides. Glasses in bulk form
tend to have relatively low strength levels, because of the
presence of microscopic surface flaws which act at site for crack
propagation. Glass in fibrous form can be much stronger provided
that the surface of the fibers is protected at all times against
damage. Glass is produced in a furnace about 1200C and spun
into fibers by allowing it to drain under its own weight through
many heated bushings. Molten glass is quite corrosive, and the
bushings must be made from platinum to avoid damage, and to
protect the glass from contamination. Each bushing contains
many hundreds of holes through which the molten glass must
pass before forming fibers of approximately 10 microns in
diameter.
The secret of the strength of glass fibers, and of their ability to

bond to polymeric matrices is the size which is applied to the
surface of the fiber's in the form of an aqueous solution shortly
after the fiber's emerge from the bushings. The size contains a
polymeric binder which coats the glass surface to protect it and
lightly binds together the individual fiber's in each fiber tow to
prevent them rubbing against one another during subsequent
handling and processing. The size also contains a coupling agent
- 1 - a reactive component, usually an organosilane, which is a
multi-functional molecule. The silane part of the molecule bonds
tightly to the surface of the glass while the organic part is
designed to attach itself to the polymer matrix. When purchasing
glass fiber it is necessary to stipulate the type of resin matrix to be
used, since some coupling agents are specifically chosen to be
compatible with particular resins. The size also contains a film
former to enable it to spread over the glass surface and lubricants
to facilitate processing without damage.
Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group/Europe

P.O.Box 6 4191 CA Geldermalsen Holland
tel. +31 345 587 587 fax +31 345 587 561
Despite the presence of the size, every processing or handling
operation introduces flaws and reduces the strength of the
glass. By the time it has been incorporated into the composite, the
effective tensile strength is generally about 1700 Mpa, which is
many times tower than its strength immediately after leaving the
bushing.
After spinning, the glass fiber tows, referred to as rovings1 are
wound at high speed onto cylindrical packages, or cheeses, and
placed in a drying oven where the water in the size coating is
removed. These cylindrical packages are the basic intermediate
from which a wide variety of glass reinforcing products are
manufactured. Examples of such products are described in figure
1 and are given in table 1 and 2.
The tex of a fiber tow or roving is its weight in g per km.
Undirectional rovings can be used directly in composite

manufacture, or they can be converted to other intermediate
products. Direct applications include the uni-directional rovings
used in process such as spray lay up, filament winding and
pultrusion. Alternatively, the glass strands may be chopped,
usually to a length of 50 mm, and sprinkled onto a moving belt to
make chopped strand mat (CSM), the most widely used
reinforcing product for boat building and other general purpose
GRP products. CSM contains randomly orientated glass strands,
held together by the application of a small amount of polymeric
binder. In purchasing CSM, it is important to specify the type of
binder: some are soluble in liquid resin, some are not.
More importantly, some binders are unsuitable for use in

laminates to be continuously immersed in water. CSM is widely
used in contact moulding, resin transfer moulding and other
processes.
Continuous strand mat or swirl mat is similar in some respects to

CSM, except that the fiber's are continuous. Swirl mat is used in
pultrusion, where the reinforcement is required to have sufficient
integrity to allow it to be pulled through the process under tension.
May 1998
2
Glass fibre manufacture
intermediate products Figure 1.
and process
Properties of fibres and

typical composite Table 1. Fibers and metals
materials
Density Modulus Tensile Specific Specific
103-kg/m3 (Gpa) strength stiffness strength
Mpa (GPa)* (MPa)*
E-glass 2.5 70 1700 28 680
carbon 1.8 230 to 820 2000 to 820 128 to 1111 to
7000 455 3900
Ararnid 1.4 130 3000 98 2140
Polyethylene 0.97 170 3000 175 3090
HT steel 7.8 210 750 27 96
Aluminium 2.7 75 260 28 96
*Stiffness or strength divided by Specific Gravity
Table 2: Material properties

Resin Reinforcement Possible applications Density Tensile Tensile comp. Approx.
(g/cm3) strength Modulus strength cost
(Mpa) (Gpa) (Mpa)* (/kg)
Polyester E-Glass CSM 1.44 80-180 7.3.9.3 140-150 1.6
E-Glass WR General Hand lay-up 1.63 210-300 12-21 150-270 1.8
E-Glass uni 1.80 410-1180 1241 210480 1.8
S-Glass WR Increased stiffness 1.64 440 20 210 5.6
amid WR 1.31 430 26 115 17.1
vinylester E-Glass WR General RTM lay up 1.89 342 25 355 2,4
Glass WR 1.90 =520 =45 -- 5.8
Aramid WR Increased & high stiffness 1.35 =500 =40 -- 20.2
Carbon WR 1.50 =600 =85 -- 18.0
Epoxy E-GIass WR Higher strength, durability 1.92 360 17 240 3.0
E-Glass Uni Fatigue loading 1.92 1190 39 1001 3.2
Aramid WR High stiffness 1.33 517 31 172 20.9
1.38 1379 76 276 21.0
High strength & stiffness 1.53 625 73 500 48.3
1.57 2040 134 1000 18.5
Phenolic E-Glass CSM Non/semi structural, fire 1.50 85-150 5-7.5 -- 2.1
E-Glass WR high temperature resist. 1.65 220-330 13-17 -- 2.2
Acrylic E-Glass WR Structural, Fire/high 170 308 21 292 2.3
temperature resistance
Note: these figures are for guidance only
May 1998
3
Glass fiber rovings may also be woven by standard textile
processes into a range of reinforcing fabrics. Such woven rovings
can have various types of weave, such as plain, satin or twill, plain
being the most common. Woven rovings can be used in
processes such as contact moulding, resin transfer moulding and
pre-preg manufacture. In their most common form, woven rovings
have equal quantities of fiber in the warp and weft directions,
giving orthotropic laminates with roughly similar properties in
these two directions. It is also possible to produce biased fabrics
with different quantities of fiber in the two directions, the extreme
case being "unidirectional" fabric, where almost all the
reinforcement is the in the warp direction, with lust sufficient
stitching in the transverse direction to maintain integrity during
processing
Recently, there has been interest in "non-crimp" fabrics, where

uni-directional rovings are stitched together in layers. These
fabrics produce somewhat stronger, stiffer laminates than woven
fabrics, because the rovings do not undulate as they would in a
conventional fabric. It is also possible to stitch together layers or
plies with different fiber orientation, including 45 plies, as well
as 90 ones.
C-glass C-glass is chemically resistant glass, used as a protective layer in

the manufacture of pipes and other GAP
components exposed to aggressive environments. Unlike E-glass,
C-glass, which is manufactured by a different process, is not
available in the form of continuos rovings. It is supplied as a non-
woven mat, known as surface veil. The use of C-glass is intended
to provide a resin rich barrier layer between a particular fluid
environment and the main stress-bearing part of the laminate.
Other special glass and In addition to E-glass, there is range of glassy

ceramic fibers reinforcements of alternative composition, designed to give
either superior mechanical performance or resistance to certain
types of environment. These types of glass reinforcement are
more expensive than E-glass, by a factor of 5 to 30, depending
upon the material. S-glass, S2-glass and A-glass offer substantial
strength and small stiffness improvements over E-glass, while
ECR- glass offers enhanced resistance to certain types of
corrosive environment. The use of these special glasses offshore
is not currently significant, but could grow.
Silica and aluminia fiber's have much better high temperature

performance than E-glass, which softens well below 10000C.
Benefits can therefore be achieved by combining small amounts
of these fiber's with E-glass when hydrocarbon fire resistance is
needed.
May 1998
4
The nature of Polymers consist of long organic chain molecules. They are
thermosetting resins held together by two types of bond: the strong covalent
bonds joining the atoms within the chains and the weak Van der
Waals bonds which are between adjacent chains. If the chains are
linear, the polymer can be melted or softened to allow it to be
shaped, then cooled again.
Resins of this type are known as thermoplastics. If, on the other

hand, the chains are bridged or cross-linked to form a molecular
network, a polymer is obtained which cannot be melted and
cannot be easily deformed without either fracture or
decomposition taking place. This type of polymer is known as a
thermoset.
Although there is interest in using thermoplastic polymers as the

basis for composites, thermoplastics matrix composites are still at
an early stage of development, and hence are unsuitable for large
structures. All the resins of current interest for offshore use are of
the thermosetting type.
Typical characteristics of thermosetting polymers are that they

usually have stiffness values in the range 2-4 GPa, depending on
the degree of cross linking, with strength values around 40-70
MPa and, being bound together chemically, they are capable of
relatively little plastic deformation. Hence they cannot be shaped
by flow or plastics deformation. It follows that when fabricating
composite parts. from thermosetting polymers the shaping
operation must be carried out at the same time as the chemical
reaction that establishes the cross linked network. The cross-
linking process, known as curing, can be carried out in two
different ways. In the case of cold curing, the cross-linking
reaction is started by mixing together components which react. In
hot curing, the sequence of reactions which produces cross-
linking is initiated by raising the temperature.
The cure reaction often fails to go to completion initially. In

C most cases, the properties of the composites are
considerably improved if a post-curing operation is carried
out. This is usually done by placing the component in an oven for
several hours at elevated temperature. Sometimes, however, the
size or shape of the component may prevent this.
Thermosets become softer as temperature is increased, but do

not melt in the way that thermoplastics do. At an elevated
temperature, large segments of the molecules eventually become
mobile and the Modulus falls to a low value. The
temperature where the Modulus drops most sharply is called the
glass transition temperature or Tg. This temperature is often
taken as an approximate indication of the maximum service
temperature of the resin. Eventually, at some temperature in
excess of the glass transition temperature, the resin will begin to
decompose.
May 1998
5
Polyesters These are the resins most commonly used in the manufacture of
thermosetting composites in the uncured state they consist of a
polymer, an unsaturated polyester resin. Unsaturated means that
the backbone chain contains some carbon-carbon double bonds.
The polyester is dissolved in a reactive monomor, usually styrene.
To cure the resin, a peroxide initiator must be added, which
decomposes to produce free radicals which act on the styrene
monomor, causing it to polymerise. The polymerisation takes
place by the opening up of the double bonds in the styrene and
the double bonds in the polyester chain are also involved in this
reactions, leading to a molecular network where the polyester
chains are cross-linked by polystyrene ones, as shown
schematically in figure
2.
Scheme of the filament

winding process Figure 2. Schematic representation of the cure mechanism of
polyester resins
In cold -cured polyesters, the decomposition of the peroxide

initiator is catalysed by adding an accelerator, usually a cobalt
salt. In hot-cured resins the peroxide decomposition is triggered
simply by increasing the temperature.
The constituents of the polyester chain can be varied to confer the

desired properties on the final polymer. For instance, the density
of the cross-links can be controlled by varying the number of
double bonds in the chain, known as the reactivity of the resin.
Resins with high reactivity produce highly cross-linked products
which have a high glass transition temperature and good chemical
resistance, but which are somewhat brittle at room temperature.
Low reactivity resins give a lower level of cross-linking, a lower Tg
and less chemical resistance, but are tougher at room
temperature.
May 1998
6
The advantage of the free radical cure mechanism is its ease of
control. The uncured resins are fairly stable and have a long shelf
life but when they are required to cure, the reaction may be
brought about rapidly and controllably. The period of time for
which the resins remain processable after the curing system has
been added is known as the pot life. Different pot lives are
required according to the size of the laminating operation and the
process used. The rate of cure can be varied by changing the
amount of curing agent added, and additionally, a delay in the
onset of curing, which may be needed for instance when
laminating large structures, can be achieved by adding an
inhibitor. The polyesters also have some disadvantages. The cure
reaction is temperature sensitive, so the environmental
temperature must be held within certain limits. The resins also
tend to emit styrene vapour during processing, which is
undesirable from a health and safety viewpoint. Good ventilation
is required when laminating large areas.
Epoxy Vinylesters These resins are, to a certain extent, a chemical

compromise between epoxies and polyesters. The
unsaturated polyester is replaced by an epoxy-like one,
which is much more chemically and thermally resistant.
Moreover, the styrene content is decreased. The curing
mechanism is similar to that of the polyesters, although more
accurate control of the quantities of curing agent added is
essential, as the cure reaction is less tolerant of
compositional variations than in the case of polyesters.
Epoxy vinylesters, or simply vinylesters or variants of this
system are used in place of polyester when improved
toughness and chemical resistance is needed.
Epoxies Epoxy resin systems generally consist of two separate

ingredients which must be mixed immediately prior to
processing. One of these is the epoxide or resin part of the
system. Although the constituents of the molecule may be
varied to achieve certain final properties, the key
characteristic is the epoxide or ring like structure at each end
of the molecule, and the fact that there are a number of -OH
groups present on the chain. The cross-linking reaction may
involve both the end groups and the hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
The second ingredient of the resin is the hardener, which is

frequently a primary or secondary amine or an acid anhydride. For
wet laminating and filament winding, the main offshore uses,
amine cured epoxies are preferred. Two different types of amine
may be used; aliphatic amines or aromatic amines.
Aromatic amines give the highest Ta values, and the best

mechanical and chemical properties at high temperature, but they
are most expensive. Aliphatic amines are less expensive and
below 100C their cured resin properties are at least as good as
those of aromatic amines. They do, however, require careful post
curing.
May 1998
7
Unlike the polyester resins, epoxies lake longer to cure during
processing. Anhydride cured epoxies have excellent properties
and are used in prepeg systems for aerospace and also in large
quantities in piping Systems.
In the case of epoxy prepregs, the reinforcement is impregnated

with resin and cure allowed to progress to an intermediate B-stage
where it is halted. The prepeg is then kept at low temperature until
it is needed for moulding. Prepreg systems are much more
expensive than composites produced by the "wet resin route", but
they do produce products with excellent properties. Some
companies with in-house pre-pregging facilities are beginning to
use prepeg systems for marine construction.
Phenolics These are the oldest class of synthetic polymers. Recently, many
improvements have taken place in the chemistry of
these resins, which have rendered them suitable for use in
composites. There are two main types of phenolic resin which am
distinguished by the type of curing agent used.
The majority of the liquid resins processed by cold cure are

hardened by the addition of a strong acid catalyst. The catalyst
can cause problems with corrosion of mould tooling and there can
also be difficulties with the alkali content of glass fiber
reinforcements from certain sources, which can interfere with the
action of the curing agent. Most phenolic resins contain a certain
amount of water, and further water is evolved during the cure
reaction. Although most of the water can be removed by a high
temperature post cure, this usually leaves the matrix with a
number of microvoids. Despite this, and despite the fact that the
matrix is relatively brittle in the un-reinforced state, phenolic resin
composites have good mechanical properties, which at room
temperature are comparable to those of composites based on
isophtalic polyester. Because of the presence of the microvoids,
phenolics show a higher level of water absorption than the other
resins but there is little evidence as yet that this causes any long
term deterioration of properties.
The outstanding feature of phenolic resins, which has proved the

driving force behind the development of more easily processed
grades, is their fire performance. They possess relatively good
levels of integrity at high temperatures, have low smoke and
toxicity as well as low levels of heat release. For these reasons,
they may well be the only resin systems which can be tolerated in
laminates facing in critical area's such as accommodation
modules and safe havens. The reason for the good performance
of these resins in tire is that instead of decomposing and
volatilising at high temperatures, the aromatic ring structure in
phenolics condenses progressively, eventually producing a
carbonaceous char, which persists for some time. However, a
disadvantage of phenolics in fire is that any water present in the
laminate can sometimes lead to violent delamination when it
volatiles.
May 1998
8
Because of their generally attractive attributes in fire, there have
been attempts recently to develop grades or resin that can be
processed by pultrusion. These have met with some limited
success, and there are now two manufacturers in Europe offering
phenolic matrix pultrusions.
Phenolic resins are also used as the basis for foams, which have
excellent insulating properties, combined with low
toxicity. They are unfortunately very friable, which greatly restricts
their feasibility for use as a core for sandwich
panels.
There are, however, a number of phenolic based syntactic core

materials which contain various lightweight mineral
fillers bonded together in a phenolic matrix. Some of these
materials have exceptionally good burn-through
characteristics are therefore viable core materials for heat and
blast protections panels.
In addition to the acid-cured phenolics, there is another class,

known as novolacs, which are cured by alkaline agents. These
resins are favoured for hot cure processes such as press and
prepeg moulding. Recently, to overcome the problems of both
acid and base cured resins, new "neutral curing systems have
been introduced.
Filament-Winding This is the process by which composite pipework is manufactured,

but which has also the potential to be used for large complex
structures. There are several configurations, but in the most
common one, shown in Figure 3, continuous tows of
reinforcement are drawn through a resin bath to wet them and
then applied, via a transversing feed eye, to a rotating mandrel.
The speed of the feed eye relative to that of the mandrel
determines the winding angle. For pressure piping, a winding
angle of t 550 is normally used. Modern winding machines are
numerically controlled to lay down a precisely controlled number
of covers of reinforcement. For chemical resistance, pipes are
usually provided with a resin rich inner linen This is applied
to the mandrel in the form of a non-woven scrim, soaked in resin.
The reinforcement in the scrim may be either C-glass of non-
woven polyester fabric.
Filament winding is not limited to simple cylindrical shapes:

pipes with bell ends may be wound, as may pressure vessels or
storage tanks with wound in ends. Large structures such as
storage tanks and silos may also be produced by filament
winding. In some cases as with large tanks, the process may be
simplified to one of hoop winding, to minimise the rate at which
the feed eye must transverse the mandrel. When this is done,
spray lay-up of randomly oriented fiber's is often employed in
addition to the hoop winding to give the structure the necessary
transverse strength.
May 1998
9
The process is not limited to axi-symmetric structures:
prismatic shapes and more complex parts, such as tee-joints may
be wound on machines equipped with the appropriate number of
degrees of freedom. Complex shapes which have been
successfully filament wound include rocket motor casings1 aircraft
fuselages and railroad hopper cars.
In the introduction of pipework, impregnated lows are wound onto

waxed, preheated steel mandrels. After winding these are
removed from the machine to an oven for curing and post curing,
during which the mandrel is continuously rotated to maintain
uniformity or resin content around the circumference. After curing,
the pipe is removed from the mandrel, either by a hydraulic
extractor or by the application of internal pressure. Although most
filament winding operations are batch processes, it is possible to
filament wind continuous pipework.
Figure 3. Scheme of the filament winding process
RECIPROCAL FILAMENT WINDING PROCESS
Source 1994 Marinetech Research, Project CP 275, General Principals

and Guidance for the Application of Glass Reinforced Composites
Offshore.
Edited by : D.A. Spagni and A.G. Gibson.

Contributors: M.J. Cowling, T. Hodgkiess, T.Y. Reddy.
May 1998
10
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Calculation Manual for Bondstrand GRE Pipe Systems
1. Introduction In this Technical Bulletin an overview is given of commonly

used formulas in relation with Glassfibre Reinforced Epoxy
piping.
2. Pipe wall thickness The minimum required wallthickness of the pipe is based on
design codes as ASME and ANSI. To most products an inferior
liner is added, consisting of C-veil and resin.
3. Trust forces due to On many occasions the pipe is fabricated to pressure as well as
temperature, pressure a varying temperature of the medium. Pressure variation will
and variation in length cause a length change if the product is unrestrained and due to
the Poisson effect an increase in pressure will shorten the pipe.
This is alos mathematically explained. Expension and
contraction due to temperature variations and internal pressure
will either combined or individual result in thrust forces on the
anchoring points
4. Support and Guide The formulas for the calculation of the optimal distance between
spacing two supports or guide spacings for single, partial and
continuous spans are given. The calculations take into account
density of the liquid and the weight of the pipe.
5. Bending radius A slight gradual change in direction or deviation of the pipe may
be obtained by using the flexibility of the pipe. In that case the
allowable bending radius of the glass reinforced epoxy pipe can
be calculated
6. Collapse resistance for When the external pressure on the pipe may exceed the
liquid internal pressure one has to take into account the collapse
resistance of the pipe. This is ruled by equations which differs
from those for internal pressure.
7. Pipe-ring stiffness To make calculations for earth and wheel-loads on buried pipe,
values have to be used like STIS (= Specific Tangential Initial
Stiffness), STES (= Specific Tangential End Stiffness) and other
values, as used in the U.S.A., Stiffness Factor and Pipe
Stiffness.
8. Waterhammer and Changes in velocity of fluids cause changes in pressure.

surge Especially when these velocity changes are sudden, they can
result in high forces, which may harm the piping system
9. Head loss or pressure Head loss or pressure drop can be calculated by using the
drop for liquid flow Hazen-Williams equation for water and the Darcy-Weisbach for
laminar flows, e.g. for oil. Head loss in fittings are calculated by
defining a corresponding pipe length.
Technical Bulletin 3 2
July 1997
1. INTRODUCTION
This manual presents the calculations, used by Ameron to
calculate the various aspects related to glass reinforced epoxy
(= GRE) pipe.
This will help the reader to understand the equations which

govern certain common engineering cases of GRE
pipesystems. Also these equations can be used to make the
required calculations.
When making these calculations the input data should be

based on the physical mechanical properties, diameter and
wallthickness of Ameron products by: The spreadsheet
presented by Ameron in its documentation gives these values.
2. PIPEWALL THICKNESS BASED ON INTERNAL PRESSURE
2.1 Wall Thickness The minimum pipewall thickness is calculated with the formula
according to
ASME / ANSI B31.3 [1] (Paragraph A304.1.2):
Dp
ts = (1)
2sF + p
ASTM D-2992 [2] uses the same type of formula to calculate

the hoop stress as follows:
(D a - t s )
=p (2)
2t s
The above mentioned formula has been rearranged to induce

the internal liner and is used by Ameron to calculate the
minimum reinforced wall thickness of Bondstrand pipe as
follows:
Minimum reinforced wall thickness in [m]:
p(d + 2t l ) 2st s
ts = p= (3)
2s p d + t s + 2t l
Minimum total wall thickness in [m]:
t = ts + tl + ta (4)
2.2 Diameter Minimum outside diameter of pipe in [m]:
D = d + 2t (5)
Mean pipe wall diameter in [m]:
Dm = d + t (6)
July 1997
2
2.3 Dimensional pipe Cross section area of minimum pipe wall in [m ] :
properties
Aw = (d + t)t (7)
2
Area of pipe bore in [m ]:
A b = 0,25d 2 (8)
2
Cross section area of min. structural wall in [m ]:
(
A s = ( d + 2t l ) + t s t s) (9)
2
Cross section area of inner liner in [m ]:
Al = (d + tl )tl, (10)
2
Weight of pipe per unit length in [kg/m ]:
w p = A s s + A l l (11)
1
Weight of fluid per unit pipe length in [kg/m ]:
w f = 0,25d 2 f (12)
4
Linear moment of inertia of the pipe [3] in [m ]:
I l = I s + I lin (13)
4
Linear moment of inertia of the structural wall in [m ]:
Is =

64
(
(d + 2t l + 2t s )4 (d + 2t l )4 ) (14)
4
Linear moment of inertia of the inner liner in [m ]:
I lin =

64
(
(d + 2t l )4 d )
4
(15)
Note! In case of calculating with the moment of inertia of the

total wall thickness and the elasticity modulus of structural wall,
the moment of inertia may be multiplied by 0,25, which is the
approximate ratio between the modulus of elasticity of the liner
and the structural wall. The stiffness factor IE = Is Es + Ilin El = Is
Es + Ilin Es 0,25 so I = Is + Ilin 0,25.
3. TRUST FORCE DUE TO TEMPERATURE AND VARIATION IN LENGTH
3.1 Length change Like in other types of pipe material, in unrestrained condition,
Bondstrand fiberglass reinforced pipe changes its length with
temperature change. Tests have shown that the amount of
expansion varies linearly with temperature, in other words the
coefficient of thermal expansion of Bondstrand pipe is constant
[4, 5, 6].
July 1997
Change in length due to thermal expansion in [m]:

LT = LT (16)
Subjected to an internal pressure, a free Bondstrand pipeline

will expand its length due to thrust force at the ends of the
pipeline.
The amount of change in the pipeline is a function of pressure,
pipe wall thickness, diameter, Poisson's ratio and the effective
moduli of elasticity in both, axial and circumferential direction at
the operating temperature.
Change in length due to pressure in [m]:
pd 2 pd 2 pd 2 E l
Lp = L c = L (1 2 c ) (17)
4tD m E l 2tD m E c 4tD m E l E c
The total length change is the sum of the change due to

temperature and due to pressure.
The above shown equation for length change due to pressure,

compared to the general equation:
2
Pbf p 4 d pd 2 (18)
L = L = L = L
A w El tD m E l 4tD m E l

shows that, the length increase due to the bulkhead force is
considerably reduced by the Poissons effect. The reduction
may amount to 50%, subject to the value 2cEl / Ec , e.g. for
Series 2000: 2 x 0,56 x 11000 / 25200 = 0,49 (at 21C).
3.2 Thrust Thrust due to temperature is principally independent of pipe

length. In practice, the largest compressive thrust is normally
developed on the first positive temperature cycle. Subsequently
the pipe develops both, compressive and tensile loads as it is
subjected to temperature cycles. Neither, compressive nor
tensile loads, are expected to exceed the thrust on the first
cycle, irregardless the range of the temperature changes.
In a fully restrained and blocked or anchored Bondstrand pipe,
length changes induced by temperature change are resisted by
the anchors and converted to thrust [4, 5, 6].
Thrust due to temperature in [N]:

FT = TA w E l = T(D m t ) E l (19)
The theory of thrust due to internal pressure in a restrained

pipeline is rather complicated. This is because in straight,
restrained pipelines with rigid joints, the Poisson's effect
produces considerable tension in the pipe wall.
As internal pressure is applied, the pipe expands
circumferentially and at the same time tries to contract
July 1997
longitudinally. This creates a considerable tensile force in the

pipe wall, and acts to reduce the hydrostatic thrust on the
anchors. In pipelines with elbows, closed valves, reducers or
closed ends, the internal pressure works on the cross sectional
area of the ends. This thrust may be twice the effect of
pressure on the pipe wall.
The thrust is independent of the run length or support spacing.
Thrust due to pressure in [N]:

E
Fp = pA b 1 2 c l (20)
Ec
The concurrent effects of pressure and temperature must be
combined for the design of anchors. Similarly, on multiple pipe
runs, thrusts developed in all runs must be added for the total
effect on the anchors.
Thrust due to temperature and pressure in [N]:

FTp = FT + Fp (21)
Resulting force due to thrust from two pipelines meeting at an

elbow or turn in the pipeline in [N]:

Fe = 2sin F (22)
2
Force at a reduction in a straight run by the larger diameter in

[N]:
E
Fr = TE l ( A bl A bs ) + p( A wl A ws )1 2 c l (23)
Ec
In a blocked or anchored pipe system the Poisson's effect

causes tension in the pipe wall which counteracts the pipe
thrust due to temperature. The tension in the pipe wall may be
positive or negative, subject to the direction of the temperature
/ pressure change.
Thrust or tension in pipewall in a restrained blocked or

anchored pipeline due to temperature change and pressure in
[N]:
pd 2 E l
Fw = TA w E l c (24)
2E c
L Fp Fp
= = = = (25)
L E l A w E l D m E l t
Equation 20 is valid, and
L pd 2 El
= 1 2 c (26)
L 4tD m E l Ec
July 1997
As can be seen substituting and re-arranging gives equation

20.
The product from equation 20

El pd 2 E l
( pA )2 ( c ) (27)
Ec 2 Ec
b c
gives a negative sign, which is tension in the pipe wall caused

by the Poissons effect, which counteracts the bulkhead force
exercised on the blocking or anchoring.
4. SUPPORT AND GUIDE SPACING
The distance between two succeeding supports, depends on

the parameters as load, moment of inertia and elasticity, as
well as the layout of the system. Local loads, such as heavy
fittings heavy flange arrangements, valves vertical runs etc. as
well as changes in horizontal directions, may also affect the
support distances.
A long term deflection of 0,0127 m, is normally acceptable for
appearance and sufficient for drainage.
Distance between supports for partial run [3, 7] in [m]:

E I
0,25
L p = 1,24 b l (28)
w
(Note! For imperial input resulting in inches this equation can
be used if 1,24 is replaced by 0,258).
For continuous span Lp may be increased by 20%, for single

spans Lp should be decreased by 20%, giving the same results
as when using following equations:
Distance between supports for continuous run in [m]:

E I
0,25
L c = 1,486 b l (29)
w
Distance between supports for single run in [m]:

E I
0,25
L s = 0,994 b l (30)
w
Note! For imperial input resulting in inches these equations can

be used if 1,486 is replaced by 0,31 and 0,994 by 0,207.
Explanation of partial span
The general equations to calculate the maximum deflection of

a tubular body are for continuous span
July 1997
5wL4
fw = (31)
384EI
and for single span
wL4
fw = (32)
384EI
Taking 0,0127 m as deflection fw, these equations may be re-
arranged to calculate the span as equation 29 and equation 30.
The partial span equation 28 is the average between the
equations 29 and 30, giving the same result as equation 29 if
increased by 20% or equation 30 if decreased by 20%.
If anchors are used at both ends of a pipeline, to restrict axial
movements, until a method of controls must be designed in
order to prevent excessive lateral deflection or buckling of pipe
due to compressive load. Guides may be required in
conjunction with expansion joints or expansion loops, to control
excessive deflection.
The guide spacing can be calculated by using the rearranged
Euler equation multiplied by 75%.
Distance between guides in [m]:

0,5

ElIl
Lg = 0,75 (33)

El
TA w E l + pA b 1 - 2 c
Ec
The above equation solves for the maximum stable length of a

pipe column when fixed ends are assumed, which is reduced
by 25% to develop the original portion of curves, now seen only
in the smaller diameters, and to allow for non-Euler behaviour
near the origin of the curve.
Not only to resist buckling of the pipe as a column or "snaking"
but to also adjust guide spacing to prevent excessive vertical
deflections due to weight, the length calculated by the Euler
equation, should be checked by using it in the following
equation of [4].
Vertical deflection in [m]:

wLg kLg kLg P
0,5
y= tan where k = w (34)

2kPw 4 4 E bIl
If "y" is less than -0,0127 m, the guide distance, Lg obtained

from the Euler equation is the recommended guide spacing.
If "y" is greater than -0,0127m, a shorter length Lg should be
chosen and used in the Roark equation until by trial and error a
final length, Lg, is determined that closely approximates a "y" of
-0,0127 m.
Bending moments in the pipe due to deflection or buckling

(using [4]) in
July 1997
kLg kL
[Nm]: g
(35
w w
M = 2 1 2 and +M= 2 2 1
k kLg k kLg
tan tan
2 2
5. PIPE BENDING RADIUS
Knowledge about the bending radius is required for buried pipe

systems, in order to know if the pipeline can follow an existing
or projected curved pipe track. The minimum allowable bending
radius depends on temperature and pressure.
Minimum allowable bending radius [7] in [m]:

0,5t E b D
RB = (36)
l p
Actual axial stress due to internal pressure for BI-AXIAL loaded

2
systems in [N/mm ]:
p d
p = + 1 (37)
4 ts
Actual axial stress due to internal pressure for UNI-AXIAL

2
loaded systems in [N/mm ]:
p d
p = + 1 (38)
8 ts
Notes:
1. For allowable axial tensile stress 50 % is used of the axial
bending strength shown in the pipe data sheets.
Since Bondstrand pipe and joints can be loaded bi-axially,
consequently most are used in that way. The minimum bending
radii shown in the pipe data sheets are based on bi-axial
loading for that reason.
6. COLLAPSE RESISTANCE FOR LIQUID
Where pipes may be exposed to external pressure, such as in

tanks, buoyant systems, divers etc., the resistance against
collapse may become determining.
2
Minimum Ultimate collapse pressure [3] in [Pa= N/m ] if pipe is
sufficiently long:
1
2E c t s 3
p c (1 c l ) 3
pc = t = d (39)
(1 c l )d 3 s
2E c
Note! To give sufficient resistance against an external

pressure of 1 bar, 0,75 is a well accepted factor. For pipes
used in marine environments, such as at bottoms of sea going
vessels a factor of 0,3 is used to resist 3 bar or 30 m water
column with a sufficient safety.
July 1997
The effective circumferential moduli of elasticity for external

pressure loading, have been determined by a combination of
theoretical and empirical data.
Temperature C T 21 66 93 121
2
ElasticityMN/m Ec 25200 22100
Modulus
2400 based pipe
2
ElasticityMN/m Ec 25300 22000
Modulus
3400 based pipe
7. PIPE - RING STIFFNESS
Stiffness data are used in calculations of earth- and wheel-

loads on buried pipe [8].
STIS and STES according NEN 7037.

2
Specific Tangential Initial Stiffness, STIS [9], in [N/m ]:
3
EI E t
STIS = c w3 = c (40)
Dm 12 D m
2
Specific Tangential End Stiffness, STES, in [N/m ]:
STIS = STES (41)
Pipe Stiffness (acc. ASTM-D2412 test [10]), PS, in [psi]:

Fpr
PS = (42)
y
2
Stiffness Factor (acc.ASTM-D2412 [10]), SF, in [inch .lb/inch]:
3
t
SF = 0,149rm 3 PS E c I w = E c (43)
12
2
Relation between STIS [N/m ] and SF [inch.lb]:
SF
SF = 8,848D m 3 STIS STIS = 0,113 (44)
Dm3
2
Relation between STIS (N/m ) and PS [psi]:
PS = 475,14STIS STIS = 0,002105PS (45)
8. WATERHAMMER AND SURGE
Changes in velocity of fluids cause changes in pressure.

Especially when these velocity changes are sudden they can
be harmful to the piping system.
Velocity changes may be caused by movement of valves,
starting and stopping of pumps, closure of check valves, or
even pipe rupture elsewhere in the system, and are calculated
using the Joukowski equation [11].
July 1997
Pressure change in meter waterhead:

c
p = v (46)
g
The pressure wave velocity in a closed pipe system depends

on fluid characteristics, pipe dimensions and the elasticity
modulus of the pipe wall. Calculating the pressure wave
velocity c can be done using the Talbot equation.
Velocity of pressure wave in a closed pipe conduit in [m/s]:

1
c= 0,5
(47)
1 d
f +
K E t
c s
The pressure change H, added to the highest occurring

working pressure in the system should not be higher than 1,5
times the maximum system design pressure.
If a valve is closed within the time of one wave cycle, i.e. from
the closed valve to the other end and back, then water hammer
should be calculated on the basis of instant valve closure.
Time of one pressure wave in [seconds]:
2Lw
tw = (48)
c
As can be seen, increase of tw will decrease c and decrease p
subsequently.
So the longer the wave cycle, the smaller the pressure shock.
Delayed closure time:

The hammer pressure rise pv caused by taken into account a
valve closure of Tv seconds can be calculated as follows
Lw
p v = 2p (49)
Tv
p tot = p v + p (50)
9. HEADLOSS OR PRESSURE DROP FOR LIQUID FLOW
Head loss for liquid flow often can be obtained out of charts
and tables. However also there are rather simple ways to
calculate the head loss.
A very simple method to calculate the head loss was developed
by Hazen and Williams. This method may be used for water in
a temperature range of 0C to 37C (imperial: 31F to 100F).
Head loss for liquid flow in m of water column / 100 m pipe

length (imperial: ft of water/100 ft) using the HAZEN-WILLIAMS
equation with a Hazen Williams factor C = 150 for Bondstrand
July 1997
pipe:
Q1,852 Q1,852 (51)
For S.I. input: H l = 0,1007 and for Imperial input: Hl = 0,0983
d 4,865 d 4,865
Another way of calculating this head loss is using the

Darcy-Weisbach equation. This method is more complicated
than the Hazen-Williams method, but has the advantage that it
can also be used for other temperatures and other liquids. The
Darcy Friction Factor is variable, subject to the Reynolds
Figure, this complicated the use of the method.
Head loss for liquid flow, in m of water column / 100 m pipe

length (imperial: ft of water/100 ft), using the
DARCY-WEISBACH equation:
Lv 2
Hl = f (52)
2dg
Darcy Friction Factor for laminar flow(Re<= 2000)

64
f= , and (53)
Re
Darcy Friction Factor for turbulent flow(Re=> 4000):
1

e 10
6 3

f = 0,0055 1 + 20000 + (54)
d Re

Reynold's number:
vd vdf
Re = = , and (55)

Velocity of liquid flow:
Q Q
v = =
Ab 0 ,2 5 d 2
Temperature C/F T 0/32 4/39.1 10/50 20/68

3
Density kg/m r 999,87 1000 999,72 998,2
lb/ft 62,42 62,43 62,41 62,16
-6 2
Absolute 10 N s/m h 1794 1568 1310 1009
-6 2
Viscosity10 pdl s/ft 1205 1053 880 678
Kinematic 10 m /s
-9 2
=/f 1794 1568 1310
1011
-9 2
Viscosity10 ft /s 1931 1687 1410 1088
Temperature C/F T 30/86 40/104 60/140 100/212

3
Density kg/m r 995,7 992,2 983,2 958,4
lb/ft 62,16 61,94 61,38 59,83
-6 2
Absolute 10 N s/m h 800 653 470 284
-6 2
Viscosity10 pdl s/ft 538 439 316 191
Kinematic 10 m /s
-9 2
=/f 803 658 478
296
-9 2
Viscosity10 ft /s 865 709 514 319
July 1997
The head loss in joints and fittings can be calculated using the
same method as used for pipe after defining the equivalent
length.
The equivalent length LE can be obtained using the chart for

equivalent length of Bondstrand fittings. This chart was
developed for fittings with a resistance coefficient "K" of 1 and
water as fluid. Subject to the configuration of the fitting, the
resistance coefficient "K" varies and can be obtained from the
table "Resistance Coefficients for fittings". Multiplying Le by K
gives the real equivalent pipe length of the fitting.
Real equivalent pipe length of fitting with water as fluid in [m]:

L E = K r Le (57)
Real equivalent pipe length of fitting with other fluids in [m]:

Kr d
LE = (58)
f
July 1997
10. LITERATURE .
[1] ASME B31.3 / ANSI, an american national standard ASME

code for pressure piping, B31.
[2] ASTM-D-2992, Standard practice for obtaining hydrostatic

or pressure design basis for fiberglass (glass-fiber-reinforced
thermosetting-resin) pipe and fittings.
[3] Roark R.J., Formulas for Stress and Strain, Singapore,

1976
[4] Hoa S.V., Analysis for Design of Fiber Reinforced Plastic

Vessels and Pipings, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1991
[5] Heiler H., Verstrkte Kunststoffe in der Luft- und

Raumfarhttechniek. Eyerer von P., Kunststoffe und Elastomere
in der Praxis, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, December 1996.
[6] Vinson J.R., Sierakowski R.L., the behaviour of structures

composed of composite materials, 1987.
[7] Mnch E, Einfhrungsvorlesung Technische Mechanik,

Wien, 1973.
[8] Algra E.A.H., Mechanische Aspekte bei drucklos

betriebenen, erdverlegten GFK-Rohren, Delft.
[9] NEN 7037, Glass reinforced thermosetting plastics pipes

for drain and sewer- requirements and test methods.
[10] ASTM-D-2412, Standard test method for determination of

external loading characteristics of plastic pipe by parallel-plate
loading, 1993.
[11] Tyler G. Hicks P.E., Hicks D.S., Standard handbook of

engineering calculations, United States, 1972
11. LEGENDA
: creeping factor for pipe material

: altering factor of pipe material
: strain rate
2 3
: dynamic viscosity Ns/m = 10 centipoise
: coefficient of thermal expansion in axial direction in
m/m/K [in/in/F]
L : sum of the change in length due to temperature and
due to pressure
LT: change in length due to thermal expansion [m]
Lp : change in length due to pressure
p : pressure change
c : poisson's ratio (contraction in longitudinal direction
due to strain in hoop direction)
July 1997
l : poisson's ratio for (contraction in hoop direction due

to strain in longitudinal direction)
2 6
: kinematic viscosity m /s = 10 centistoke
3 3
f : density of fluid material in kg/m [lb/inch ]
3 3
l : density of the liner material in kg/m [lb/inch ]
3 3
s : density of the structural pipe wall in kg/m [lb/inch ]
2
: hydrostatic design bases (H.D.B.) in N/m = Pa [psi]
2
l : allowable axial tensile stress in N/m
2
p : actual axial stress due to internal pressure in N/m
T : change in temperature in K or C; ( F)
2 2
A b : cross sectional area of pipe bore m [inch ]
2 2
Abl : cross sectional area of larger pipe bore in m [inch ]
2 2
Abs : cross sectional area of smaller pipe bore in m [inch ]
2 2
Al : cross sectional area of inner liner in m [inch ]
2 2
As : cross sectional area of minimal structural wall m [inch ]
Aw : cross sectional area of pipewall in m [inch]
2 2
Awl : cross sectional wall area of larger pipe in m [inch ]
2 2
Aws : cross sectional wall area of smaller pipe in m [inch ]
c : velocity of pressure wave in the pipe conduit in m/s [in/s]
D : minimum outside diameter of pipe in m

d : inside diameter of pipe in m
Da : average reinforced outside diameter in m
Dm : mean diameter of pipewall in m [inch]
e : absolute roughness of internal pipe wall in m; [ft or inch].

2
Eb : elastic beam modulus acc. ASTM D-2925 in N/m =Pa;
(psi)
2
Ec : circumferential modulus of elasticity in N/m = Pa [psi]
2
El : longitudinal modulus of elasticity in N/m = Pa [psi]
2
EI : stiffness factor per unit length of pipe wall in inch -lbs/inch
f : Darcy Friction Factor - dimensionless

fw : deflection of a tubular body
F : service (design) factor
Fe : resulting force due to thrust from two pipelines meeting at
an elbow or turn in the pipeline in [N]
Fp : thrust due to pressure
3
Fpr : load applied pipe ring inch.(lbf/m )
Fr : force at a reduction in a straight run by the larger diameter
in [N]
FT : thrust due to temperature
FTp : thrust due to temperature and pressure
Fw : thrust or tension in pipewall in a restrained blocked or
anchored pipeline due to temperature change and
pressure
2 2
g : acceleration by gravity in m/s [in/s ]
Hl : head loss
4 4
Il : linear moment of inertia of pipe in m ; [inch ]
July 1997
4 4
Ilin : linear moment of inertia of the inner liner in m ; [inch ]
4 4
Is : linear moment of inertia of the structural wall in m ; [inch ]
3
Iw : inertia moment of pipe wall in inch
k : thrust stiffness relation factor - dimensionless

2
K : bulk modulus of fluid compressibility in N/m
Kr : resistance coefficient of fitting - dimensionless
L : initial length of pipeline in m [inch]

Lc : distance between supports for continuous run
Le : equivalent pipe length, obtained from chart in m [ft]
LE : real equivalent pipe length of fitting
Lg : distance between guides in m; [inch]
Lp : distance between supports for partial run in m; [inch]
Lw : length of the closed section of the pipe conduit in m;
Ls : distance between supports for single run
M : bending moments in the pipe due to deflection or buckling

using [4] in [Nm]
p : internal design gage pressure

pc : minimum ultimate collapse pressure
Pbf : bulkhead force
Ptot : total pressure
Pv : hammer pressure caused by valve closure
Pw : TA in meters (inch)
3 3
Q : rate of flow or debit in m /s; [ft /s]
RB : minimum allowable bending radius in [m]

Re : Reynolds number
s : design stress
t : total wall thickness in m [inch]

ta : allowance for ring stiffness, external pressure
tl : thickness of internal liner in m [inch]
ts : minimum reinforced wallthicknes in m
tw : time of one pressure wave
T : temperature
Tv : valve closing time [sec.]
v : fluid velocity in m/s; (ft/s)

v : change in fluid velocity in m/s
w : total uniformly distributed load in N/m; [lb/in]

2
wp : weight of pipe per unit length in [kg/m ]
y : vertical deflection
y : deflection of inside diameter in inch
July 1997
Calculation of blocking saddles
Description This sheet shows a calculation of maximum allowable forces that

can be restrained by a so called blocking saddle. In the
schematic overview of a typical blocking saddle assembly is
given in the picture below.
Schematic overview of
a typical blocking
assembly
Figure 1.
To be able to calculate the maximum allowable force acting on a

saddle, the allowable shear stress in the bonded surface has to
be calculated first. A two component Ameron type of adhesive
should be used which has a shear stress of 5N/mm2. When a
safety factor of 4 is required, the shear stress value to be used
is:
= 1.25 N/mm2
The maximum allowable force F can than be calculated using the

following formula, using 2 saddles each 180 , so mounting is
360 around the pipe:
F= A = (2*180/360) min.OD L
Where
= Allowable shear stress in N/mm2.
A = Bonded surface between saddle
and pipe in mm2.
min. OD = Minimum outerdiameter of pipe
in mm.
L = Width of saddle in mm.
For saddle dimensions, please refer to our Product Guide

FP 832 and FP 866.
Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group division Europe

P.O. Box 6 - 4191 CA Geldermalsen - Holland
tel. +31 345 587 587 - fax +31 345 587 561 TB-4 - 05/98
Calculation of blocking saddles
Table 1: Maximum allowable force acting on a saddle *.
Nominal Pipe Minimum blocking saddles 2*180 1)

Size OD max. allowable force (SF=4)
* (in) (mm) (KN) (KN)
1.5 46.7 19 29
2 57.8 24 36
3 86.4 36 53
4 109.8 45 68
6 164.0 68 101
8 215.0 89 133
10 269.9 111 167
12 321.5 133 199
14 352.6 145 218
16 402.5 166 249
18 443.0 183 274
20 492.9 203 305
22 541.7 223 335
24 590.6 244 365
26 663.4 274 410
28 714.0 294 442
30 764.4 315 473
32 814.8 336 504
34 865.2 357 535
36 915.8 378 566
1)
360 degrees
The results given in table 1. are based on the outerdiameter of

Bondstrand series 3410 (10 bar rated pressure). Therefore,
calculation for higher pressure classes (resulting in thicker wall)
will be more favourable.
May 1998
Product Notes
FIBERGLASS - COMPOSITE PIPE GROUP
Weathering & UV Resistance of

Fiberglass Piping Systems
General All thermosetting and thermoplastic materials are susceptible to ultraviolet (UV)
degradation upon prolonged exposure to sunlight. The degree of UV degradation
varies depending on the chemical composition of the materials, however, the
breakdown is primarily a surface phenomenon. The rate at which degradation may
occur varies based on the availability of air, water, oxygen and other oxidizing agents.
Numerous antioxidants and UV absorbers can be added to materials of high resin
content to retard UV degradation. Currently, no means exist to totally eliminate this
phenomenon.
The major concern regarding UV attack on fiberglass pipe is the loss of physical strength
through degradation of the resin-glass bond. Since UV degradation is a surface
phenomenon, the most efficient means of prolonging the integrity of the reinforcement is
to place a resin-rich protective layer between the structural fiberglass and the outer
surface. The thicker the surface coating, the better the weathering characteristics. The
use of pigments, dyes or fillers in the resin system will also improve weathering charac-
teristics by helping to screen out the ultraviolet light.
Ameron employs a combination of techniques to protect the fiberglass bond from
UV attack. All fiberglass pipe produced by Ameron is manufactured on rotating mandrels.
This continuous motion results in a uniform resin-rich coating on the pipe exterior which
enhances its weather resistance. Pigments or dyes are incorporated into the resin system
to act as a further barrier to UV penetration into the laminate. Certain piping products may
also be overwrapped with an organic veil layer to provide even greater UV resistance.
Even if dry fiberglass appears on the outer surface, independent testing has shown it to
have no measurable effect on performance. If aesthetics are important, fiberglass pipe can
be covered with a high-grade acrylic or epoxy based coating.
Warranty Ameron warrants its standard products against reduction of performance or corrosion
ratings due to UV exposure for a period of 15 years from date of purchase.
ISO-9001
CERTIFICATED FIRM
FP473F (9/00)
Enhancing UV Resistance
Selected Bondstrand products are

provided with supplemental UV
protection consisting of an
overwrap of organic veil tape and a
layer of epoxy resin.
Important Notice This literature and the information and recommendations it contains are based on data reasonably believed to be
reliable. However, such factors as variations in environment, application or installation, changes in operating
procedures, or extrapolation of data may cause different results. Ameron makes no representation or warranty,
express or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for purpose, as to the accuracy, adequacy or
completeness of the recommendations or information contained herein. Ameron assumes no liability whatsoever
in connection with this literature or the information or recommendations it contains. Product specifications are
subject to change.
FIBERGLASS - COMPOSITE PIPE GROUP - HEADQUARTERS

P.O. Box 801148 Houston, TX 77280 Tel: (713) 690-7777 Fax: (713) 690-2842 http://www.ameron.com
Asia Europe Americas Composites Centron International

Ameron (Pte) Ltd. Ameron B.V. P.O. Box 878 P.O. Box 71370 P.O. Box 490
No. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3 J.F. Kennedylaan 7 Burkburnett, TX 76354 11 McBride Street 600 FM 1195 South
Singapore 639407 4191 MZ Geldermalsen Tel: (940) 569-1471 Newnan, Georgia 30263 Mineral Wells, Texas 76068
Tel: 65 861 6118 The Netherlands Fax: (940) 569-2764 Tel: (770) 253-2000 Tel: (940) 325-1341
Fax: 65 862 1302/861 7834 Tel: +31 345 587 587 Fax: (770) 253-9234 Fax: (940) 325-9681
info@ameron.com.sg Fax: +31 345 587 561 http://www.centrongre.com
info@ameron-fpg.nl
1991 Ameron FP473F (8/00) supersedes FP473E (11/97) Printed in U.S.A. 5M[3005]
Rodent and Bacteria Attack
on fiberglass-reinforced piping systems
Introduction Attacks by rodents on the protective coatings on metallic piping, electrical

insulation and thermoplastic piping occur with some frequency and are
well documented. These incidents, all involving conventional
thermoplastics, naturally give rise to questions about the performance of
fiberglass piping under the same conditions. In the case of rodent attack,
fiberglass-reinforced piping can be exposed to rodents without any
detrimental effects whatever
Rodents and thermoplastics Rodents are attracted to thermoplastics for two
1. The plasticisers in some thermoplastics (especially PVC) taste

and smell good to many rodents. It has even been reported that "some
thermoplastics have a nutritive value for rodents.. [the thermoplastics
are] good for them."
2. Rodents need to chew and gnaw. Nature provides them with teeth
that continually grow in length and which they need to pare down to a
manageable size. Hence, they will gnaw at almost anything they can
fracture with their jaws.
Rodents and thermosets The major reasons why rodents am not attracted to FAP are as follows:
1. When fully cured, the thermosetting epoxy and vinyl ester resins
used in Ameron pipe and fittings are tasteless and odorless, thus offering
no attraction for rodents.
2. The surface of fiberglass pipe and fittings is very hard and difficult
to dent. Them is no place for a rodent to begin gnawing.
The experience of Ameron and other pipe manufacturers bears out these
statements.
Microbial attack The components of fiberglass piping systems do not provide an

environment which supports bacterial growth. The material by itself will not
induce such growth nor would it be affected by it. Ameron fiberglass pipe
has been installed in diverse climactic and soil conditions both below and
above ground for many years. It has been exposed to a broad spectrum of
the world's known bacterial strains without a documented case of bacterial
attack.
1990 Ameron . FP466B (8/96) supersedes FP466A (5/95) Printed in U.S.A 5M[3005]
Important notice
This literature and the information and recommendations it contains are based on data reasonably believed to be
reliable. However, such factors as variations in environment, application or installation, changes in operating procedures,
or extrapolation of data may cause different results. Ameron makes no representation or warranty, expressed or implied,
including warranties of merchantability or fitness for purpose, as to the accuracy adequacy or completeness of the
recommendations or information contained herein. Ameron assumes no liability whatsoever in connection with this
literature or the information or recommendations it contains.

Houston TX 77280
Fax: (+1) 713 690 2842 Fax: (+31) 345 587 561 Fax: (+65) 6862 1302/6861 7834

Bondstrand®, Centron®, Dualoy® and Bondstrand® SSL

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Ameron International Corporation is a multinational manufacturer of

highly-engineered products and materials for the chemical, industrial,

With Bondstrand, Centron, Dualoy and Bondstrand SSL

The Ameron Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Group serves industrial, fuel

High standards of performance

Durable and corrosion resistant CHEMICAL PROCESSING

Lightweight easy to install

Wide range of piping systems

Low thermal conductivity

WIDE RANGE OF SYSTEMS

QL=Quick-Lock, TT=Taper/Taper, KL=Key-Lock

This literature and the information and recommen- WORLDWIDE

Ameron Ameron Ameron Ameron

EPOXY (GRE) PIPE SYSTEMS

Durable and corrosion resistant

Lightweight easy to install

OIL AND GAS

Ameron Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy

technology. OUTSTANDING BENEFITS

mechanical as well as threaded joint

CUSTOMER SUPPORT KEY-LOCK

Centron 93 200 245 3500 50-250 2-10

Bondstrand SSL 121 250 398 5750 200-1000 8-40

Group Headquarters U.S.A. Europe Asia

Uses and applications Chemical process Geothermal

Maximum operating temperature: up to 121C.

ASTM D-2992 Hydrostatic Design Basis (Procedure B -service factor 0.5).

Bondstrand 7000 (** conductive)

Bondstrand 7000G (** conductive)

Description Bondstrand Bondstrand Bondstrand Bondstrand Bondstrand

Joining system & Pipe

Typical pipe length Nominal Joining Approximate overall Length*

Typical mechanical MDA-CURED

Quick-Lock dimensions Nominal Nominal Spigot Diameter Spigot Length

Nominal Continuous Span (at 21C.)

Elbows 45 Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average

Elbows 22 Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average

Equal Tees Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average

Nominal Angle Saddle Maximum Average Required

* Outlets are NPT or BSP, to be specied with order.

45 Laterals Filament-wound ttings with integral Quick-Lock adhesive-bonding socket ends.

Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average

Note: Consult ameron for higher pressures.

Nominal Laying Overall Laying Overall Maximum Average

Note: Consult Ameron for higher pressures.

Nominal Laying Overall Eccentricity Maximum Average

Note: (*) Shows eccentricity of the eccentric reducers.

Note: Other drillings may be possible. Please consult Ameron.

Note: As per above heavy-duty anges.

Nominal Laying Overall Face Ring Maximum Average

Nominal Laying Overall Maximum Average

Note: Other drillings are available. Please consult Ameron.

Blind Flanges Filament-wound Glassber Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) blind anges

Nominal Flange Maximum Average Weight Average Weight

Note: Other drillings are available. Please consult Ameron.

Nominal Laying Overall Outside Maximum Average

Nominal Laying Gap* Maximum Average

* Remaining gap after bonding.

Nominal Saddle Saddle Saddle Required Saddle Required

Nominal Saddle Saddle Saddle Average Required

Adhesives Number of Adhesive Kits per joint.

Nominal Required Minimum number

Assembly Instructions for Quick-Lock adhesive-bonded joints FP 170