Global Warming-So What ?

GLOBAL WARMING-SO WHAT ?
Renewables
GO TO Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Below are files - articles - about renewables energy sources. They are arranged in 8 major groups: Sun, Wind, General, Biofuels,
Hydro / River, Ocean, Geothermal, and Misc. Sun has 10 sub-groups, Wind 4, General 6, & Biofuels 5.
GLOBAL WARMING-SO WHAT ? 2
Month and year follow each article's name. PDF files are so marked, after month and date, some with authors noted. Within
sections, more recent files appear above older files.
! !
below: 2010 World Energy Use above left: total energy use: up 1.9% / year below (BP): Hydro up 3.3% / year
16.7% renewable (Wikipedia) below: USDOE/EIA Other Renewables up 14.6% / year
Below are Lazards 2016 unsubsidized US electric generation costs for renewable (top) and traditional (fossil & nuke) technologies. See
PDF below. Lazards charts are also on the Coal, Oil, Gas, Nuke page.
PV diamonds are
unsubsidized costs estimated
for in-service dates of 2017, at
$1.35/Watt. Low end is for
single-axis tracking. Wind
diamond is OFFshore, bar is
ONshore. Nuclear excludes
decommissioning.
Levelized US Costs of New

Electric Energy - Lazard
1216 - PDF, 21 pp.
!
15 edition
Levelized US Costs of New Electric Energy - Lazard 1215 - PDF, 20 pp.

!
24 edition, below
!
Utility-scale PV prices fell 18-30% from Lazards previous edition, while C&I rooftop PV ranged from 13% lower to 9% higher and
residential PV price rose slightly. Onshore wind costs fell 5-14% and offshore 6%. Traditional coal was essentially unchanged, while
IGCC coal spread more widely (lower bottom, higher top). Gas CC was down 11-15%, while biomass was down 5%. Nuclear costs
(speculative) rose 4-5%. Efficiency costs continue being shown as low as $0 - savings pay for themselves.
Levelized US Costs of New Electric Energy - Lazard 1214 - PDF, 20 pp. The chart above is taken from this study. It includes more
detailed charts and tables, plus the footnotes to the chart above. Solar is decisively cheaper than gas or diesel peaking generators in the
US, Australia, Brazil, India, South Africa, Japan, and northern Europe.
Below are ranges for major categories, from a year earlier.

Levelized costs
of electricity
resource options -
US - 2013
Source: Energy
efficiency data
represent the results
of this analysis for
utility program costs
(range of four-year
averages for
2009-2012).
Supply costs are

from Lazard 2013.

The graph above is by Union of Concerned Scientists.

G r
! ph below is
cumulative amounts.
www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/06/30/chinas-new-climate-change-plan-in-four-graphs/

Beow is Bloombergs forecst of worldwide new Installed GW electric capacity for selected years.
A n d
!
or every year out thru 2040.
C h i !
Chinas Plan, below is pursuant to Nov. 2014 agreement with USA. US total, mostly fossil, is 1,000-1,100 GW.
!
China2050 High-Renewables Road Map 0415 - PDF
Chinas Projected Primary Energy Consumption by Year Chinas Projected 2050 Electricity Sources by Time of Day
Chinas Projected Electricity Generation by Source, by Year
Red line wth blue

numbers is
renewables %.
Light blue line
with red numbers is
non-carbon %.
GO TO Context. .Sun 2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. Wind: US. Abroad. World. General: Future. Invest+. Biofuels. Hydro+. Geothermal
Sun - Photovoltaics (PV)
Eough sunlight strikes Earth every 104 minutes to power the world for a year. Solar can power the US 100 times over.
US solar PV already offsets carbon emissions of 3.5 million cars. Rooftop PV can meet 1/5 of US electric demand.
US solar industry jobs grew 50% since 2010. Solar workers now outnumber coal miners 2 to 1. - Mother Jones
The Falling Costs of Solar Power in the US 0816 - see below
!
!
!
Tr a n s l a i n g
$ / Watt
peak (above)
to / kWh
(left).
3 ~ $3.3
now, so the
scale at left
is to US
90 / kWh.
S o l a r
electricity
prices fell
f r o m
40-56 /
kWh in 2009
to 7-17 /
kWh in
2015.
They are
projected to
fall to
5-11 / kWh
in 2020.
Solar Power May Be Cheaper than Coal in India by 2020 - 1115 - prices below are in Rupees (~1.5US): 0-16 Rupees/kWh
D a t a
!
tleft & below is from SEIA (see above).
The Intitute for Self Reliance website projects states when & where solar PV costs will reach parity with grid power costs.
Potential Installed MW Capacity & % of Residential Electricity Sales from Solar at Parity 2012
No inetives, resid., 20%

utility cap.

2015 2018
2021 ~ 185 GW of solar PV (1/6 of all GW now) projected by 2022
Paris Climate Accord Is a Big, Big Deal (2.8/kWh Wind & 4.2 Solar) 1215
Solar Energy Emerging as Cheapest Power Source in Many Parts of the World 0315
Solar Power Keeps Getting Cheaper Balance of System Costs Drop 1014
Solar Csts vs Installed MW 0812 - PDF graph
The Energy to Manufacture a Solar Cell 0910
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .3: Projects+. .4. Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Sun - Markets
Solar Power Breaks UK Records, Thanks to Sunny Weather 0517
India Launches Massive Push for Clean Power, Lighting, and Cars 0517
Large-Scale Solar Industry Takes Off, as 12 New Plants Secure Finance 0517
Blackout Parties - How Solar and Storage Made Western Australia Farmers the Most Popular in Town 0517
China Is Planning Ahead for Life after Coal 0517
Indian Solar Power Prices Hit Record Low, Undercutting Fossil Fuels 0517
The Dark Secret Behind India's Solar Plan 0317 - no maintenance as components fail, also theft, cut outtput steeply
Kauai, Hawaiian island, Gets Renewable Energy Boost, Thanks to Tesla 0317
U.S. Solar Soared in 2016, but Investors Still Leery 0317
Solar Power Growth Leaps by 50% Worldwide, Thanks to US and China 0317
Solar Squabble Shows How a Trump Trade War with China Could Backfire 0217
OPECs Top Producer Is Turning to Wind and Solar Power 0217

Solar Power Takes Hold in Nigeria, One Mobile Phone at a Time 0217
Whos the Typical Solar Power User? Youd Be Surprised. 0217
China's Solar Power Capacity More than Doubles in 2016 - 0217
Solar Could Outpace Natural Gas for New US Generation in 2016 - 1216
Trumps Potentially Toxic Effect on the Solar Industry 1216
Indonesia, Vietnam Look to Blaze Trail for Solar in Southeast Asia 1116
Taste of Solar Power Builds Appetite for More in Kenya 1016
Indias Solar Power Is Set to Outshine Coal 1016
U.S. Solar Capacity Triples 1016
Solar Panels Surpass Coals Electricity in UK, Previously Unthinkable 1016
In Rural Bangladesh, Solar Power Dents Poverty 1016
Solar on the Steppe - Ukraine Embraces Renewables Revolution 0916
Solar Rooftop Revolution Fizzles in U.S. on Utility Pushback 0916
Hybrid Solar and Wind Systems Attract Turbine Makers in India 0916
Solar Manufacturers Pivot Away From Big U.S. Utility Plants 0816
India Doubles Down on Solar Parks after SunEdison Setback 0716
Big Solar Is Leaving Rooftop Systems in the Dust 0716 - Utility scale solar 5-7 / kWh, but some projects under 4
US Solar Power Market Hits All-Time High 0616

Chile Has So Much Solar Energy, Its Giving It Away for Free 0616 - overbuilt in north (Atacama) when copper export prices tank, no
transmission yet to central Chile, whre most people live.
U.S. Utilities Boost Investments in Wind, Solar Power 0516 - Wind averages 2.9/kWh, solar 5.7. Coal and gas 3.5.
Red States Are Leading the Way in Renewable Energy 0516
Solar Power Is Contagious 0516 - "My neighbor is doing it. Its not future pie-in-the-sky. Ill do it too." Referrals.
How Cheap Does Solar Power Need to Get before It Takes over the World? 0416 - Now, wholesale power prices in the US are highest on
hot summer afternoons. As solar power grows, summer afternoons will grow more saturated with power and its price for those hours
will drop.
San Francisco to Become 1st City to Require Solar Panels on New Buildings 0416
UK Solar Power Installations Plummet after Government Cuts 0416
Fairfield Realtors Say Many Home Buyers Are Searching for Solar 0416
Love Solar Power but Got No Rooftop? "Shared Solar" Is Coming for You. 0316
Solar Energy in the US Is Poised for an Unforgettable Year 0316
WTO Swats Down Indias Massive Solar Initiative, on Domestic Content (via US) 0216
SolarCity and Other Rooftop Providers Face a Cloudier Future 0216
More than 16,000 Homes in Canberra Area Have Rooftop Solar 0216
California Solar Industry Job Growth Reaches Record Levels 0216
Kauai Co-op Integrates over 70% Solar, 90% Renewables on 4 Days in January 0216
In Rural India, Solar-Powered Micro-Grids Show Mixed Success 0116

Nevada Solar Industry Collapses after State Lets Utilities Raise Fees 0116
Save More than 4 Million Lives a Year by Harnessing the Sun to Cook 0116
India's Solar Surge May Slash Coal Imports 0116
Electrifying India, with the Sun and Small Loans 0116
Big Boost for Solar Rooftops in India 1215
Xcel CEO Leans on Midwest Wind Power to Close Gap with Coal, Gas 1215
North Carolina, Georgia Growing New Crop of Solar Farms 1215
Community Solar Brings Renewable Energy to the Masses 1215
Home Solar Battery Revolution an Economic and Emissions Game Changer 1215
Solar Company Making a Profit Serving Poor Africans 1215 - $35 upfront + 45/day. That's < the 75 cost of energy (60% kerosene) it
replaces. The kit includes a PV panel, a battery, 2 LED light bulbs, an LED flashlight, a cell phone charger & a rechargeable radio. When
the days 45 payment is made, a SIM card activates the battery. A package with an extra battery, mini-TV and/or mini-refrigerator are
on the horizon. The poorest customers are the best credit risks. Meanwhile, 1/3 of Kenyas economy flits across cellphone airwaves.
Despite Risks, Governor Cuomo Bets on Solar Power to Lift Buffalo 1015
Big Utilities Enter Market for Small Rooftop Solar 1015
India's Solar Climate Tech Revolution Is Starting in Its Villages 1015
China's Economic Shift to Aid Climate Fight but Packs a Commodity Punch 1015
Chiles Solar Power Lights the Way to Cleaner, More Competitive Economy 1015 - Copper mines in Atacama go all in.
China Raises Solar Installation Target for 2015 - 1015

SolarCity to Make High-Efficiency (22%) Panel 1015
Solar Energy Becomes a Major Power Player in the Middle East 0915
Slashing Household Solar Subsides Will Kill Off UK Industry 0815
Forget about Saving Energy. This Is about Saving Lives. 0815 - foldable PV panels, 14 to 27 W / lb, for troop use in field
Ex-White House Staffers Develop Solar Systems for Renters, Roofless 0815
Indias Fuel Retailers Bet on Solar Power with Easy Loans 0815
Empathy, Not Incentives or Environmentalism, Sells Solar Power in India 0715
Cheap Power or Clean Energy? Indias $200 Billion Dilemma 0715
Nevadas New Regulations Pave the Way for Solar Energy 0715
Why the Saudis Are Going Solar 0615
Modis Solar Embrace in India Leaves Wind Power in Shade 0615
Record Boost in New Solar Power Continues Massive Industry Growth 0615
In Quake-Prone Nepal, Why Solar Power Is an Energy Solution 0615
NRG Energy's Huge Solar Ambitions Are Coming to Fruition 0515
India Eyes $1.1 Billion Solar Loan from German Bank KFW 0515
Why the Best Place for Solar Panels May Not Be on Your Roof, But a PV Farm 0515
China Solar Expansion Needs Billions from Wary Investors 0415

cleantecnica.com/2014/04/13/world-solar-power-capacity-increased-35-2013-charts/
APAC = Asia-Pacific, MEA = Middle East & Africa, ROW = Rest of World. For AMERICA, US had ~11,300 GW in 2013.
Solar Power Is Shaking Up Global Energy 0415
Middle East Can Beat Water Challenge by Harnessing the Power of Solar 0415
The Way We Power Our Homes May Be on the Verge of a Major Change 0415
Hawaii Utility Commits to Top US % for Rooftop Solar. Can Grid Handle It? 0415
New Renewables Broke Through 100 GW Barrier in 2014 - 0315
Solar Lights Are a Healthy, and Empowering, Path in Disasters. 0215
Solar Loses Out to Wind in UKs 1st Renewables Auction 0215
Will New Obstacles Dim Hawaiis Solar Power Surge? 0215
Africas Quiet Solar Revolution 0115
Africa Is a Brightening Continent 0115
Solar Panels Floating on Water Will Power Japan's Homes 0115
Rooftop Solar Already Cheaper than Utility Rates in 42 of 50 Largest US Cities 0115
Net-Zero Communities That Make Solar Power Work Expand in Florida 1214
Texas Becoming Less Reliant on Coal to Generate Electricity 1214
Rapid Growth In Rooftop Installation Is Good Long-Term Investment - SolarCity 1214
Conservative Iowa Farmers Find a New Cash Crop Sun & Wind 1114
Here's Who Wants to Sell You Solar, and Why 1114
China Hunger for Clean Energy to Leave No Rooftop Behind 1114

US Solar Industry Heating Up Again, after Stumbling During Recession 1114
Solar Developers Win Half of Contracts in Brazil Auction 1014
Solars $30 Billion Splurge Proves Too Much for Japan 1014
Coal India Said to Plan Building $1.2 Billion of Solar Projects 0914
Tanzania Is Fighting Poverty with Solar Power 0914
North Texans Are Raising the Roof over Generating Solar Electricity 0914
Solar Boom Driving First Global Panel Shortage Since 2006 - 0814
Texas Law Lets Developers Ban Solar Panels While Subdivisions Are Growing 0814
China Leads World to Solar Power Record in 2013 - 0614 World solar capacity in 2014 is 140 GW, vs 6,000 GW total.
Cheap Solar Power Pushes Renewables Growth Worldwide 0414
Solar Demand Roars Back 1213
Australian Solar Jobs Vanish, as Uncertainty Clouds PV Outlook 1113
Solar Power Begins to Shine, as Environmental Benefits Pay Off 1113
Solar Projects 'More Mainstream' as Costs Fall 1013
New Funding Models, Using Electric Bills, Give Solar a Boost 0913
Utilities Add Solar, But Panel Growth Slows Elsewhere 0913
Solar Panel Is Next Granite Countertop for Homebuilders 0913
Solar Manufacturers May Boost Capacity as Demand Surges 0813

Texas Claims Cheapest Solar Installations, as Prices Drop Nationwide 0813
The Cost del Sol 0713
World Solar Power Topped 100 GigaWatts in 2012 0713
Chinas Feud with West on Solar Leads to Retaliatory Tax 0713
Rooftop Solar Takes Off Across California, as Costs Come Down 0713
Peru Unveils Plan to Provide Solar Electricity to 2 Million People 0713
Solar Pumps Could Boost Farm Yields in Poor Countries 0613
Why Coke Is Bringing Solar Power To Rural Kenya 0613
Solar Power Costs Closing in on Wind Costs 0513
Minnesotas New Solar Law: Looking Beyond %s 0513
Leasing the Sun - Solar Panels for the Rest of Us 0513
Solar Shift Threatens US & European Producers 0513
Solar Paradox - Exploding Demand & Bankruptcies 0513
Solar Scores Big Gains in US Electricity Generation 0413
Chinas Solar Boom Shows Signs of Setting 0313
US Solar Industry Reports Record Growth in 2012 - 0313
US Fracking Helped Kill Off German Solar Firms 0313
Solar Power Rising in West Virginia 0213

Solar Growth Moves to Asia as Europe Cuts Subsidies 0113
China Net Metering to Support Solar Industry 1012
Solar Enrgy Is Ready 1012
PV Price & Market Update for 2012 - 0812
Solar PV Prices Collapse 0112
(Polysilicon) Solar Costs Are Dropping 1211
US PV Costs Drop 11% in 1st Half of 2011 - 0911
PV Could Cost < Fossil Fuels in 10 Years 0611
Record for PV Inverter Shipments 0810
Solar Cost Fell 30% in 10 Yrs 1009
More Sun for Less $ - 0809
Wind & Sun Bloom in US 1008
China Drives Record Solar Growth - at Home 0308
Solar Industry Update - Evergreen Solar (Marlboro, Massachusetts) 0305 - PDF, 15

slides
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .4. Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Sun - Projects - PV
Tucson Electric Signs Solar + Storage PPA for Less than 4.5/kWh' 0517
Coal Company Plans Huge Solar Farm on Strip Mine 0417
Kentucky Coal Museum Switching to Solar Power 0417
South Australia to Get $1 Billion Solar Farm and World's Biggest Battery 0317
Bangladesh Opens 1st Solar-Powered Food Warehouse 0217
4 Million Solar Panels in Tibet Are Worlds Largest Solar Farm 0217
Jimmy Carter from Peanut Farmer to Solar Farmer 0217
Sunrun Partners with National Grid to Expand Rooftop Solar, Storage 0117
Queensland's Largest Solar Farm Plugs into the Grid a Month Early 1216
Solar-Panel Roads to Be Built on 4 Continents Next Year 1116
U.S. Government Just Made Its Biggest Clean Energy Purchase Ever 1016
LOral USA to Exceed Carbon Emission Reduction Goals through 2 Major Projects in Kentucky and Arkansas 0916
France to Pave 1000 km of Roads with Solar Panels 0816
Chernobyls Atomic Wasteland May Be Reborn with Solar Energy 0716
A Huge Solar Plant Caught on Fire, and Thats the Least of Its Problems 0516
Problems with power tower, with its mirrors and heating fluid. PV has passed it by.
India Inaugurates One of the World's Biggest Solar Rooftop Power Plants 0516
Indian Railways' 1st All Solar-Paneled Train 0516
Navy Plans 227-Acre, 33 MW Solar Facility at Earle, New Jersey 0416
Whole Foods Plans 100 Rooftop Solar Systems 0316
World's Biggest Floating Solar Farm Powers Up outside London 0216
Pakistans Parliament Becomes Worlds 1st to Run Entirely on Solar Power 0216
SolarCitys Kauai Solar Plus Storage Project to Use Tesla Batteries 0216
India Coal Plant Developer Switches to Solar for Site in Punjab 0116
Innovative Project to Provide Renewable Energy 24/7 to Chilean Village 0116
7.6 MW Solar Plant in Sirajganj among 160 MW in Bangladesh by 2017 - 0116
Desert Tower Raises Chile's Solar Power Ambition to New Heights 1215
What a Rwandan Solar Plant Is Teaching Africa about Clean Energy 1115
Austin Energy, First Solar Ink Deal for 119 MW of Solar at 4.3 per kWh 1015
Morocco Poised to Become Solar Superpower with Desert Mega-Project 1015
Apple Cleaning Up Its Act in China with More Renewable Energy 1015
Burundi's Solar Plans Forge Ahead, despite Political Unrest 1015
Worlds 1st Solar-Powered Airport Takes Off 0915 - in NW Australia

Price of Solar Hits Record Low Again! 0715 - 3.87/kWh in new Nevada contract, following under 4 for Austin, Texas
Renewable Energy Group Bids to Turn Melbourne's Trams Solar 0515
Orlando Utility to Build Big Solar Plants, Where Coal Once Stood 0515
First Panels Installed at Broken Hill's Australian Outback Solar Farm 0515
Duke Energy Florida Proposes Large Solar Power Plants over Next 10 Years 0415
Australias Central Victorian Sun Powers New Concentrated Solar Power Station 0315
Georgetown, Texas Goes All In on Renewable Energy 0315
Australia's Biggest Solar Farm to Sprout in Queensland Field 0315
Google Invests $300 Million in U.S. Residential Solar Projects 0215
World's Largest Solar Power Project at Rewa in Madhya Pradesh 0215
3 Xcel Projects Will Boost Minnesota's Solar Power 10-fold 0215
Apples $850M Monterey County Solar Plant to Power All California Operations 0215
Solar Farm That Can Power 160,000 Homes Opens in California 0215
World's Largest Solar Farm (550 MW) Becomes Fully Operational in California - 1214
Will Renewable Energy Ruin an 'Irreplaceable' Mojave Desert Oasis? 1114
Sleepy Tanzanian Port, Off Grid, Wakes Up to Solar Power 1114
Minnesota's Xcel to Use 3 Solar Projects for 187 MW near Minnesota Cities 1014
Saharan Sun Could Power UK Homes with 8 Billion Solar Farm, Long Cable 1014
Worlds Largest Solar Array Set to Crank Out 290 MegaWatts 0514
Austin Energy to Get 150 MW of Solar Power for 5/kWh 0314
Wal-Mart Now Draws More Solar Power Than 38 U.S. States 1013
2 Kentucky Utilities Plan 2nd Natural Gas Power Plant, Solar Generator 1013
With US-Made Panels, White House Goes Solar ... Again 0813
Truly Massive Build-Out of Desert Solar Power 0713
Wall Street Firm Makes Record Bet on Rooftop Solar Power 0513
California Solar Energy Systems Top 1 GW 0113
Ghana Solar Plant to Be Africa's Largest 1212
First Large Solar Plants Without Subsidy Sought in Spain 1212
Desert Plan to Power Europe Falters 1112 - see "Solar Project in Sahara to PowerEurope 0809", below.
Bank of America Plans Another $ Billion PV Project 0911
SunPower Offers Paint-On Solar Panels, Other Projects Start Up 0711
$2.6B Bank of America Project to Install PV on Its Roofs 0611
First Solar To Build 2 GW Solar Plant in China 0909
600 MW of PV for Southern California 0809

Solar Project in Sahara to Power Europe 0809 - The project has hit a rocky stretch and may not come to pass. See "Desert Plan to
Power Europe Falters 1112", above.
400 Billion Solar Project in Sahara 0709
Japan's Solar Dream Shatters, as Projects Fail 1113
Solar Power Taking Off in a Big Way Across Japan 0513
Solar Development Absorbing California Farmland 0213
Dust Clouds Thwart India Solar Projects 1112
Tokelau Islands Shift to Solar Energy 1112
Solar Zones Established on US Lands 1012
Newburyport MA Locks in Solar Energy Prices Below Traditional Sources 0912
5 GW Solar Plant in South Africa's Kalahari 1110
US to Provide $2B for 2 Solar Projects 0710
1 GW Solar Project in CA 1009

Sun - Projections
TeraWatts of Solar Power Are within Our Reach 0517
Electric Cars and Cheap Solar Could Halt Fossil Fuel Growth by 2020 - 0217
Solar Power Plants Are the Future of Texas Power, in All 7 Scenarios 0616 - 100% of new MW in 6, 80+% in 7th
Coal and Gas to Stay Cheap. But Renewables Still Win Race on Costs 0616
Solar Power to Grow 6-fold, as Sun Becoming Cheapest Resource 0616
Solar, Wind on Pace to Eclipse Coal-Burning 0616
Wind and Solar Could Meet Nearly All Midwest Energy Needs by 2050 - 0616
2016 Is a Breakthrough Year for Solar 0616
Rooftop Solar Panels Could Provide Nearly Half of Americas Power 0416
Texas Poised to Integrate More Wind, Solar Energy 0316
Wind, Solar Power Soaring, in Spite of Bargain Prices for Fossil Fuels 0116
Solar Power May Be Cheaper than Coal in India by 2020 - 1115
How Tanzania Plans to Light Up a Million Homes with Solar Power 1015
UAE Is the Example to Follow on Energy 1015
Next Texas Energy Boom - Solar 0815
Why Wind and Solar Are Already Better Value than Fossil Fuels 0815
Our Solar Energy Future May Still Have Lots of Coal Plants in the Background 0615
Saudi Arabia, Built on Oil, Foresees Fossil Fuel Phase-out by 2040 or 2050 - 0515 - It plans to export many GW of solar.
NRG Energy's Huge Solar Ambitions Are Coming To Fruition 0515
Why 2015 Could Be Record Year for Greening US Energy 0415
3 Reasons Solar and Wind Energy Will Take Over the Grid Soon 0415
Solar Energy Could Provide 4% of UK Electricity by 2020' - 0315
Cities Could Be Ideal for Utility-Scale Solar Plants 0315
Even at $10/Barrel, Oil Cant Match Solar on Cost 0315
U.S. Companies Pledge to Build 20 GW of Renewable Energy in India 0215
Will New Obstacles Dim Hawaiis Solar Power Surge? 0215
Apple Deal, Tax Change Could Spark Corporate Solar Stampede 0215
India Gets Obamas Backing for $160 Billion Solar Push 0115
Worry for Solar Projects After End of Tax Credits 0115
Solar Energy on the Rise Globally 0115
Solar to Power Half the Homes in Victoria, Australia 01115
Annual Global Solar Market to Grow to Close to 60 GW in 2015 - 0115
How Solar Power and Electric Cars Could Make Suburban Living Awesome Again 1214
Rapid Growth In Rooftop Installation Is Good Long-Term Investment - SolarCity 1214
Solar and Wind Energy Start to Win on Price vs. Conventional Fuels 1114
Powering up the Poor Shouldn't Hurt the Climate 1014
Can Modi Bring the Solar Power Revolution to India? 0914
Solar May Become Largest Global Power Source by 2050 - 0914
Clean Energy (& Solar Air Conditionig) Is Indian Governments Mantra 0814
Modi Accelerates India Solar Revolution, Doubles Tax on Coal 0714 Indias 20 GW solar target by 2022
Chinas Solar Panel Production to Double by 2017 - 0714
China to Triple Solar PV Capacity by 2017, to Cut Coal Consumption 0514
Solar Power Generation to Jump Over Next 5 Years 0713
Germany to Pull Plug on Solar Subsidies by 2018 0713
EU Solar Outlook Still Bright 0613
DOE's SunShot Aims to Make US Solar Competitive by 2021 - 0213
Deadly China Pollution Breathes New Life Into Solar Debt 0213
PV Re-roofing $2 per Watt, 10 per kWh 1012
US Solar 'as Cheap as Grid Energy' in 5 Years 0812
US Solar Prices to Rise 1111
Europe Solar Power Competitive by 2013 - 0911
Turning Toward the Sun for Energy 0611
Solar Cheap as Fossil Fuels in 10 Years 0211

New US Solar to Exceed 1 GW in 2010 - 1010
Solar to Provide 22% of Globe's Electricity by 2030 - 0510
China Poised to Lead in Renewables & CCS 1209
Solar Prices Competitive By 2015 0608
Solar Competitive by 2015-25 - 0608 - PDF, 76 pp
Solar Markets to 2020 - 0906 - PDF, 52 pp
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Mkts. .3: Projects+. Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. Geothermal
Sun - R&D
Old Rock, Perovskite, Could Lead to Next Generation' Solar Cells 0417
Department of Energy Program Aims to Bump Solar Costs Even Lower 0516 - focus on balance-of-system costs
Scientist's Nano-Thick CZTS Solar Cell Opens Up Huge New Markets 0416
Recycling Sunlight - a Solar Cell Revolution? 0316
Japan Begins Work on World's Largest' Floating Solar Farm 0116
Mideast Desert Sands Could Store Solar Energy 0116
Nanostructure and Nanonet Solar Cells, CCS, SRM Could Slow Climate Change 1216
SolarCity to Make High-Efficiency (22%) Panel 1015

U of Nebraska Engineers Continue Work on Groundbreaking Solar Energy Study 0815
Hanergy Thin Film Outlines Solar Cells on Vehicles Plan 0415
Japan Space Agency Advances in Space-Based Solar Power 0315
Engineer Reimagines Solar Energy With Stick-On Panels 1214
How to Make Solar Power More Efficient 1114 - use infrared part of spectrum too
New Life for the Artificial Leaf? 1114 - turning sunshine into hydrogen
Solar Roadways - link to video on roadways made of hexagonal PV panels to make up smart roadways (& parking lots)
Totally Transparent Solar Cells Could Turn Our Windows Into Solar Panels 0914
Giant Tower in Desert Could Generate as Much Power as the Hoover Dam 0514
Solar-Powered Roads - Coming to a Highway Near You? 0514
Solar Power Breakthrough Hints at Cheaper Panels for More Roofs 0514
New Design Delivers Round-the-Clock Solar Power 0514
Have Scientists Figured Out How to Make Solar Power Work at Night? 0414
Japanese Firm Plans 250 Mile-Wide Solar Panel Belt Around Moon 1113
Arizona Utility Tries Storing Solar Energy for Use in the Dark 1013
California Labs Chase Dream Energy - Fuel from Sun and Water 0813
New Solar Process Gets More Out of Natural Gas 0413
Everything Could Be a Solar Panel 0213

Record Efficiency for Cheap Organic PV 0712
SunPower Offers Paint-On Solar Panels, Other Projects Start Up 0711
Idea Could Cut Solar Costs 40% 1010
$1 / Watt Solar - Films & Inks 1109
Breakthrough Automated Solar Ink Plant in Germany 0909
Turning Windows to Solar Panels 0708
Save (Store) Solar Energy in Plants 0307 - PDF
Sun - Grid Interface
Pruitt Sys Coal Losses Make the Grid Vulnerable. They Really Don't 0617
Solar Power Breaks UK Records, Thanks to Sunny Weather 0517
How California Is Dealing with Below-Zero Power Market Prices 0517
Renewable Energy Groups Push Back against Rick Perry's Controversial Grid Study 0517
UK Breaks Solar Energy Record - Demand Higher at Night than Afternoon 0317
Charging Electric Cars the Smart Way Will Take Pressure Off the Grid 0317
Utility World's Hourly Pricing Turned Upside Down by Renewables 0217
Residential Storage Can Undercut Benefits of Rooftop Solar 0217

Big Indiana Utilities Try to Tilt Solar Energy Market in Their

Favor 0217 - axe net metering
Chinas Embrace of HVDC Electricity Transmission Holds

Lessons for Others 0117
Can New Tariff Models Help Massachusetts Solve Rooftop Solar

Compensation Puzzle? 1216
Clinton Makes Pitch for Modern Grid' 0816
Apple Can Sell Power, as Tech Giants Boost Energy

Investments 0816
Why Home Solar Panels No Longer Pay in Some States 0716
Lessons along the Path to 100% Clean Energy 0716 - 100%

green energy in Portugal & Germany at some times, but what
about the other hours? Storage, fossil fuel power?
As Solar Power Floods California Grid, Challenges Loom 0716
Chile Has So Much Solar Energy, Its Giving It Away for Free
0616 - overbuilt in north (Atacama) when copper export prices
tank, no transmission yet to central Chile, whre most people
live.
DOE Program Aims for 100% Solar Penetration on the

Distribution System 0516
DOE Says Solar Growth Demands a Different Kind of Grid 0516 - More storage (including EVs), smart inverters, etc. Curtailment when
the sun or wind is strong may still be needed.
Solar Power Sets New British Record by Beating Coal for a Day 0416
Texas Poised to Integrate More Wind, Solar Energy 0316 - revised ancillary service markets
Are Residential Demand Charges the Best Rate Reform for DERs? 0316
By Fighting Rooftop Solar, Utilities Set Themselves Up for Worse to Come 0216
California Solar Owners Face New Fees, Utilities Say Costs Should Be Higher 0116
Home Solar Battery Revolution an Economic and Emissions Game Changer 1215
New Fees Seen to Weaken Demand For Rooftop Solar 1115
China's Economic Shift to Aid Climate Fight but Packs a Commodity Punch 1015 - transmission limits
Even after Dark, Vast Spanish Solar Plant Harnesses Sun's Power 1015
Solar on the Rooftop Is Going to Be the Baseload - National Grid CEO 0915
Pilbara Airport (NW Australia) Solar Farm to Trial Cloud Predictive Technology' 0915
In Hawaii, Rooftop Solar Panels Threaten Utility Death Spiral 0815
Sales from Rooftop Solar Panels - Net-Metering vs Wholesale Rates 0515
Renewable Energy Surge Revives Europe's Power Trade 0415
The Way We Power Our Homes May Be on the Verge of a Major Change 0415
Hawaii Utility Commits to Top US % for Rooftop Solar. Can Grid Handle It? 0415
PJM, Largest US RTO, Is Well-Prepared to Lower Carbon Pollution without Reliability Problems 0315
Rise in Solar Systems Is Game-Changer for Electric Utilities 0315
Utilities Wage Campaign Against Rooftop Solar 0315
9 Reasons Not to Be Depressed about the Planet 0115
Solar Electric Cars - When Your Gas Station is the Sun 1014
Why Utilities Can Now Rely on Solar PV 1014
$500-a-Day Service Charge Designed to Kill Solar 0814
Why Australian Households Are Desperate for Battery Storage 0714 - see diagram at right
How Rooftop Solar and Big Utilities Can Co-Exist 1013
In Sunny Arizona, a Battle Over Solar Power 1013
Cell Phone-Enabled Mini Solar Panel for 1.5 Billion Living Off the Grid 1013
With Rooftop Solar on Rise, US Utilities Strike Back 0913
Solar Suburbia to Power Modern Cities? 0813
Could Rooftop Solar Kill Utilities? California Grapples with Solars Success 0513
Sun - Products
Solar Lamps Light Up More African Nights 0617
Teslas Solar Roof Sets Musks Grand Unification Into Motion 0517
Tesla Will Take Orders for Its Solar Roof in April 0317
How Heat from the Sun Can Keep Us All Cool 0117 - absorption chillers powered by solar heat.
More efficient than electric compressor-driven chillers and no (H)CFCs required
Zambia Tries New Way to Beat Drought - Solar Grain Mills 0117
Worlds 1st Solar Panel Road Opens in France 1216
Tesla Unveils Residential Solar Roof and New Powerwall Battery 1016
Indian Scientists Design Solar Tree to Save Space for Solar Power Generation 0816
Elon Musk Says SolarCity Will Sell a Roof Integrated With Solar Panels 0816
Forget about Saving Energy. This Is about Saving Lives. 0815 - foldable PV panels, 14 to 27 W / lb, for troop use in field
Solar Manufacturers May Boost Capacity as Demand Surges 0813
With US-Made Panels, White House Goes Solar ... Again 0813
Hitachi's Solar Air Conditioning 0111
SunPower Offers Paint-On Solar Panels 0711 - also available above
Solar Shingles 0806
PV Laminate Sell Sheet 0506 - PDF, it rolls out across a rooftop

Sun - Thermal
Morocco to Switch On 1st Phase of World's Largest Solar Plant 0216
Germany Seeks to Boost Renewable Sources of Heating 0315
Abengoa Christens Mojave Solar Generating Station in Hinkley 0115
Electricity Generated Using Solar Mirrors to Double in 2013 - 1113
Sunflower Mirrors Power California's Desert Solar Farm 0613
Solar Hot Water & Heat in China+ 1211
California Approves 250 MW Solar Thermal Plant 0810
Solar Thermal Power 0308
Cheap Sunshine: Thermal with Mirrors 1007
Sun - Misc.
There Are Now Twice as Many Solar Jobs as Coal Jobs in the US 0217
Solar Power Will Cross a Carbon Threshold by 2018 - 1216 Cumulatively, PV produce more energy than it took to make.
Solar Impulse 2 Lands in Abu Dhabi, to Complete 1st 0-Fuel Flight around Earth 0716
More US Solar Jobs than Oil + Gas Extraction & Pipeline Jobs Combined In 2015 - 0116
Solar and Wind Just Did the Unthinkable 0116

Solar Job Boom Continues As Prices Spur Demand 0116
Leading UK Solar Entrepreneur to Put Business into Liquidation 1015
Modi Calls Solar Ultimate Solution to Indias Energy Problem 0815
Clouds over Chinas Solar Power Industry 0815 - factory overcapacity, bankruptcies, razor-thin margins
Cost of Household Solar Has Outweighed Benefits - Grattan Institute Report 0515
Obama Announces Solar Job Training Initiative, Meets with Utah Officials 0415
Leased Solar Panels Can Complicate or Kill a Home Sale 0315
Solar Power, and Somewhere to Store It 0315
Solar Energy Jobs Growing by Leaps and Bounds 0315

E x p e r t s
!
laim Australians Waste Multi-Billion Dollar Subsidies on Cheap, Dodgy PV Panels 0215
Defective Panels Threatening Profit at China Solar Farms 0115
There Are About as Many US Jobs in Solar as in Coal 0115
Solar Jobs Report Shows Huge US Growth 0115

Rooftop Solar Adds $15,000 Premium to Home Values 0115
Rooftop Solar Already Cheaper than Utility Rates in 42 of 50 Largest US Cities 0115
Australia Green Energy Firms Hit by Target Cuts 1014
How Solar Desalination Could Help Parched Farms 0514
Flexible Solar Cells Could Release Toxic Metals After Disposal 1013
Solar Panels - Firefighters' Clean-Energy Foe 0913
Solar-Powered Travel - New Routes Across Sky, Sea and Land 0813
China's Solar PV Moguls 0813
Minnesotas New Solar Law - Looking Beyond %s - 0513
US Military Goes Solar in Foreign Battle Zones 1010
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Mkts. .3: Projects+. 4. .Wind: Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Wind - US
Map of US Wind Resources (with Possible Transmission Lines)
!
ght, Texas wind power average generation curve by hour of the day is in green. From PSIDA ZEV Solar and Electric Vehicles.
Wind - US - Nationwide
U.S. WindEnergy Installations Surge - a New Turbine Rises Every 2.4 Hours 0517
Wind Power Briefly Supplied 52% of Electricity in US Southwest Power Pool 0217 - MT & ND to LA & NM
Wind Power Capacity Surpasses Hydroelectric in the US 0217
Why Is Corporate America Picking Wind Power over Solar? 1216
New U.S. Wind Power Capacity Falls in 3rd Quarter, but Construction Rises 1016
Bigger, Better, Cheaper - Wind Power Is Flourishing in the US 0816
Red States Are Leading the Way in Renewable Energy 0516
New Renewable Energy Projects Find Opportunity in Old Transmission Lines 0416
Wind Power Transmission Project in Plains Earns U.S. Approval 0316
U.S. No onger Top Wind Turbine Producer. China Is. 0216
Wind Power Continues Steady Growth Across the U.S. 1215
Wind Power Sets Records, as Countries Seek Climate Fixes 0815
US Wind Energy Boom Couldnt Be Coming at a Better Time 0815
Mighty Optimistic Wind Estimate Fuels EPAs CO2 Rule 0815
Taller Turbine Towers Make Wind Power Poised to Spread to All States 0515

Heres How Much Faster Wind and Solar Are Growing than Fossil Fuels 0315
Wind Power Could Be 35% of US Supply by 2050 - 0315
Wind Power Beats Nuclear Again in China & Hydro in the U.S. for the 1st Time 0315
Wind Power Rose Strongly in 2014, in US (6 x), China, Germany & Brazil 0115
The Rise and Fall of Wind Power in America 1214
Solar and Wind Energy Start to Win on Price vs. Conventional Fuels 1114
Will Renewable Energy Ruin an 'Irreplaceable' Mojave Desert Oasis? 1114 - See above also for this combined wind-solar project.
Wind Energys Costs Decline, Contributions to Energy Mix Grow 0414
Winds Cost Falling, More Improvement Possible 1113
Cost of US Wind Power Down 50% in 4 Years - 0813 - PDF
9 States Now at 10% Wind Power; 2 over 20% 0713
Blown Away - US Wind in 2012 0613
GE Sees US Wind Market Doubling 0513
Is the Sky The Limit For Wind Power? 0313
Iowa, SD Approach 25% Wind 0313

!
Fiscal ff Deal Extends Wind Tax Credit 0113
New Wind Projects Coming to Beat Tax Credit Expiration 1212
Wind Industry OK with Giving Up Tax Credit 1212
Wind Can Power 30% of US by 2024, Exec Sum 0110 - PDF, 48 pp
Wind Could Replace Coal - Salazar - 0409
Wind Energy Bottlenecks 1008
Wind & Sun Bloom in US 1008

Wind - US - Particular States
America's Wind Energy Boom May Finally Be Coming to the Southeast 0417 - $400 million wind farm in NC for Amazon
Wild West of Wind - Republicans Push Texas as Green Energy Leader 0217 - 20+ GW and 12.7% of kWh
Wind Power Briefly Supplied 52% of Electricity in US Southwest Power Pool 0217 - MT & ND to LA & NM
California Demand for Wind Power Energizes Transmission Firms 0217 - led by TransWst line, see map above
New York Seeks to Develop U.S.'s Biggest Offshore Wind Projects 0117
Iowa Utilities Board Approves Huge 2,000 MW Wind Energy Project 0816
Who Owns the Wind? We Do, Wyoming Says; It's Taxing Those Who Use It. 0816
Massachusetts' Ambitious Clean Energy Bill Jolts Offshore Wind Prospects 0816
Hawaii Eyes Offshore Wind to Reach its 100% Clean Energy Goal 0716
In Iowa, a Bipartisan Push to Become Leader in Wind Energy 0616
Wind and Solar Could Meet Nearly All Midwest Energy Needs by 2050 - 0616
U.S. Utilities Boost Investments in Wind, Solar Power 0516 - Duke, Southern & Berkshire Hataway Energy.
Wholesale, wind averages 2.9/kWh, solar 5.7. Coal and gas 3.5.
Iowa Wind Boom Highlights Transformation in Midwest 0516 - 2,000 MW wind farm will bring Iowa to 40% wind in 2019. MidAmericans
goal is 100% wind for all its customers.
Texas Poised to Integrate More Wind, Solar Energy 0316

Xcel CEO Leans on Midwest Wind Power to Close Gap with Coal, Gas 1215
Texas Utility Offers a Nighttime Special - Free Electricity 1115
Warming May Boost Wind Energy in Plains States 0715
Plan to Expand Regional Support for Wind Power Takes Shape in the Midwest 0315
Georgetown, Texas Goes All In on Renewable Energy 0315
Wind-Gas Hybrid Power -- Wyoming's Idea of California Dreamin' 0215
Texas Becoming Less Reliant on Coal to Generate Electricity 1214
Conservative Iowa Farmers Find a New Cash Crop Sun & Wind 1114
Wind Energy Plan Hinges on Huge Utah Caverns 0914
Grid Operator PJM - 30% Wind Power Slashes Pollution and Costs, Is Reliable 0514
Massachusetts Is at the Front of the Wind Energy Pipeline 0414
New England's 'Largest' Renewables Procurement Is All Wind 0214
New Power Lines to Make Texas Worlds 5th-Biggest Wind Power Producer 0214
Maine PUC OKs Monhegan Offshore Wind Project 0114
Michigan's New Tourist Attraction? Wind Turbines 1013
Western Wind Power May Soon Compete With Natural Gas 0913
Iowa to Add 1 GW of Wind at No Net Cost to Ratepayers 0813
Ohio Project Revives Local Debate on Lake Erie Wind Turbines 0813
Midwest Utility Places Major New Bet on Wind Power 0513
Wind Power Hits 57% in Colorado 0812
Record Wind Power for Texas 0312
Wind - US - Offshore
Made in America - Trump Embracing Offshore Wind? 0417
New York Just Approved The Nation's Largest Offshore Wind Farm 0117
New York Seeks to Develop U.S.'s Biggest Offshore Wind Projects 0117
Offshore Wind Is Finally Up and Running in the U.S., at Block Island 1216
1st US Offshore Wind Farm Is Ready to Go, despite Critics Blowback 0816
Massachusetts' Ambitious Clean Energy Bill Jolts Offshore Wind Prospects 0816
NY Utility Plans Largest US Offshore Wind Farm 0716
Offshore Wind May Finally Take Off with Big Projects, None Named Cape Wind 0316
Wind Farm May Be Built off Long Island 0316
The Coming Sea Change Offshore In Meeting New Englands Energy Needs 0216
Feds Green Light Wind Lease off New Jersey Coast 0915
Work under Way on 1st US Offshore Wind Platforms 0715
Cape Wind Terminates Additional Contracts - Viability in Doubt. 0115
Cape Winds Future Called into Question. It Loses Its 2 Major Buyers 0115
New Jersey Again Rejects Offshore Wind Farm Plan 1114
US Offshore Wind Power Nears Takeoff, with 14 Projects 0914
Feds Want to Lease Wind Sites on Thousands of Acres Off New Jersey Coast 0714
Dominion Power Top Bidder for Offshore Wind Leases 0913
Record New England Wind Deal Draws Cape Wind Comparison 0913
First Parcels Auctioned For Future US Offshore Wind Farms 0713
East Coast Ports Woo Offshore Wind 1012
Power US East Coast via Offshore Wind 0912
NStar to Buy 28% of Cape Wind Output 0312
Siemens to Finance Cape Wind 0611
Offshore Wind Areas Unveiled 0211
Offshore Wind MW Estimates Rise 1109
Offshore Wind in US 1008
Wind Offshore Prospects 0905 - PDF, 34 pp

GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Wind - Other Countries

abovecapity in MW .
India Launcs Massive Push for Clean Power, Lighting, and Cars 0517
China Is Planning Ahead for Life after

Coal 0517
Giant Offshore Wind Farm Opens in

North Sea 0517
NSW's Sapphire WiNSW's Sapphire

Wind Farm to Power 49,000 ACT
Homes 0417
Wind Turbine Maker Vestas Eyes End

to Green Power Subsidies 0417
Wind Power Blows Through Nuclear,

Coal, as Costs Drop at Sea 0317
Japan Accelerates Wind Power

Development, as Government
Support Pays Off 0217
OPECs Top Producer Is Turning to

Wind and Solar Power 0217
Aussie Silverton Wind Farm's Output

Will Be Like Taking 192,000 Cars off
the Road 0217
Sweden's Vattenfall Aims to Have 3

GigaWatts of Wind Power by Year-
End 0217
Chinas Embrace of HVDC Electricity Transmission Holds Lessons for Others 0117
It Can Power a Small Nation. But This Wind Farm in China Is Mostly Idle. 0117
Today All Dutch Trains Are Powered 100% by Wind Energy 0117
UK Wind Generated More Electricity than Coal in 2016 - 0117
Offshore Projects Are Booming for European Wind Industry 1016
New Wind Turbines Could Power Japan for 50 Years, after a Single Typhoon 0916
Solar on the Steppe - Ukraine Embraces Renewables Revolution 0916
China Embarked on Wind Power Frenzy, Says IEA 0916
Hybrid Solar and Wind Systems Attract Turbine Makers in India 0916
1 New Wind Turbine Built per Day across Scotland 0916
Scotland Just Produced Enough Wind Energy to Power It for an Entire Day 0816
Lessons along the Path to 100% Clean Energy 0716 - 100% green energy in Portugal & Germany at some times, but what about the
other hours? Storage, fossil fuel power?
European Offshore Wind Investment Hits 14 Billion in 2016 - 0716
South Australia Reaps 83% of Electricity in 1 Day from Wild Wind 0716
Dong Energy to Build Worlds Lowest Cost Offshore Wind Farm 0716 - 8/kWh
Wind Power Plant in Atacama Desert Fills Chile's Clean-Energy Sails 0716 185 MW
How the London Array Blows Away the Competition in Green Energy 0616
Wind at Chinas Back to Amp Up Its Renewables 0616 - Put wind turbines NEARER to population centers.
Wind Farm Owner, Danish Dong Energy Floats for 10 Billion IPO 0616
Worlds Cheapest Offshore Wind Farm (11.8/kWh) Seen Online 2 Years Early 0616
Why China Is Having So Many Problems Ramping Up Wind Power 0516 - more MW than US, but fewer MW-hours. Chinas wind turbine
quality is lower, wind farms sprout without transmission connections, or the grid dispatches coal plants instead of curtailed wind, when
wind is cheaper (almost $0/MWh variable cost), in places because coal is used for combined heat and power, in other just because wind
is intermittent and coal is hard to ramp up and down.
U.S. No Longer Top Wind Turbine Producer. China Is. 0216
China Breezes past EU to Become Wind Power Leader 0216
World's Largest Offshore Wind Farm to Be Built off Yorkshire Coast 0216
French Wind Industry Sees Deregulation Driving Strong Growth 0116
Denmark Broke World Record for Wind Power in 2015 - 0116 - 42% for the year
Major Offshore Wind Operator Plans 6 Billion UK Investment by 2020 - 0116
British Court Rejects Donald Trumps Attempt to Block Wind Farm 1215
Sea Change in Renewables Market Forces 1115 - near UK: offshore wind, tidal, waves
Apple Cleaning Up Its Act in China with More Renewable Energy 1015
Google Pumps Funds into Africas Biggest Wind Farm 1015
Turnbull Government Appoints Australia's 1st Wind Farm Commissioner 1015
China's Economic Shift to Aid Climate Fight but Packs a Commodity Punch 1015 Lack of transmission limits power use.
Donald Trump Takes Campaign against Wind Farms to UK Supreme Court 1015
Hydrogen Economy Is Emerging from Excess Wind Power in Germany 0915
Wind Industry Says It Could Supply 25% of EU Electricity by 2030 - 0915
Victorian Government to Back New Wind Farms, as Part of Renewables Plan 0815
France Launches Tender for Floating Offshore Wind Projects 0815
Wind Power Sets Records, as Countries Seek Climate Fixes 0815
Cheap Power or Clean Energy? Indias $200 Billion Dilemma 0715
Denmark Produces 140% of Its Electricity Needs through Wind Power 0715
Ethiopia Harnesses Wind Power 0615
$450 Million Victoria Wind Farm to Be Built after Renewable Energy Bill Passed 0615
Scotlands Wind Power Hits Record Levels 0615
Asia, Africa Likely Biggest Growth Markets for Wind Power 0415
Big, Clean Wind Energy Industry Matures at Sea 0315
Wind Power Beats Nuclear Again in China & Hydro in the U.S. for the 1st Time 0315
World's Biggest Offshore Wind Farm Approved for Yorkshire Coast 0215
Germany Boosts Onshore Wind Capacity by Record Amount in 2014 0115

Wind Power Rose Strongly in 2014, in US (6 x), China, Germany & Brazil
Wind Power Adds Resilience to UK Energy Market 0115
UK Wind Power Reaches Record High, as Scotland's Success Continues 0115
On Tuesday, Wind Farms Outstripped Nuclear Power in UK 1014
Wind Blows Away Fossil Power in the Nordics, the Baltics Next 1014
Wind Power Is Cheapest Energy, EU Analysis Finds 1014
India Wind Policy Targets 1 GigaWatt Offshore by 2020 - 0914
4.9 GW of New Offshore Wind Capacity under Construction in Europe 0714
Generation Gap - Wind Opens Big Lead over Nuclear in China 0314
Europes Record Wind Energy Drives Down Emissions and Electric Prices 0114
122% Wind Power in Denmark for 90 Hours in 2013 - 1213
French Plans for More Wind Farms Fans Controversy 1113
Japan Starts Up Offshore Wind Farm Near Fukushima 1113
Ethiopia Opens Africa's Largest Wind Farm 1013
Indian CLP Billionaires Wind Farms Plan Bond Debut 1013
Brazil Cools on Nuclear Power Plans, Favors Wind 0913 - also under Nuclear
Copious Data Gives China an Edge in Renewable Energy Production 0813

Wind Farms Cleared for Building Near UK Airports, by 3D Radar 0713
Eco-Blowback - Mutiny in the Land of Wind Turbines (Germany) 0713

See graph below for German wind production day by day during 2012.
Gr at left is from "Worldwide electricity production from renewable energy

sources" by Observ'ER and Electricit de France.

China's Wind kWh Rose More than Coals for 1st Time in 2012 - 0313
Wind Surpasses Nuclear in China 0213
Wind Top Electricity Producer in Spain 0213
Europe Lags Targets for Offshore Wind 0113
Wind Is Cheaper than New Coal in South Africa 1012
Norway's Statoil Plans Wind Farm off Maine 0612
China Challenges U.S. for World Wind Leadership 1209
Wind Can Provide 24-50% of India & China's Electricity 0909
Floating Wind Turbine Launched 0609
China, Argentina Go Wind 0609
Brief Wind Bursts Propel Spain to 40% 0309
Wind May Power All UK Homes by 2020 - 1207

GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .Abroad. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Wind - World
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Note the pronounced, if subtle, decline in wind speeds over land. But not over the oceans.
World wind speeds average ~5.5 m/sec over land and ~8 m/sec over water (from map below).
Big Oil Replaces Rigs with Wind Turbines 0317
Offshore Wind Moves Into Energys Mainstream 0217
Solar, Wind on Pace to Eclipse Coal-Burning 0616
Global Wind Capacity to Nearly Double in Next 5 Years 0416
Is the Wind Industry Still a Safe Bet for Investors? 0316

- In 2015, more GW added & $ invested than in fossil fuel electricity, despite plunging, bargain fossil fuel prices.
Wind, Solar Power Soaring, in Spite of Bargain Prices for Fossil Fuels 0116
Why Wind and Solar Are Already Better Value than Fossil Fuels 0815
The Age of Wind 0615
World Wind Power Poised to Bounce Back, after Slowing in 2013 - 0414
2013 to Be Record Year for Offshore Wind 1013
World's Wind Turbines to Surpass 300 GW 0613
GW Capity from Global Wind Energy Council TWh / yr Energy data from 2001-10 Electricit de France
(from graph above for 7 regions) 2011 Wind Power Monthly, 2012 Greenconduct.com .
Wind Power Sets Records Again in 2012 - 0413
Wind Power Is Now Cheaper Than Coal in Some Countries 0213
Building a Wind-Centered Economy 1012
Enough Wind to Power Global Energy Demand 0912
Offshore Wind Development Picking Up Pace 0812
World Wind - New Record in 2011 - 0312
Financing Offshore Wind 0112
Wind - Centerpiece of New World Energy Economy 0311
US Still Leads World in Total Wind GW 0810
World Wind 2009 Update, > 150 GW 0310
World Adds 17 GW of Wind in 2008 - 1009
Wind Power Industry Accelerates 0306
Wind Stats 2005 - 0306 - PDF
Map of World Wind Resources, Focus Anglo-America 0405
See http://irena.masdar.ac.ae/?map=178 & www.3tier.com/en/support/resource-maps/. & see below.

Wind - Technic
One of World's 1st Kite-Driven Power Stations to Open in Scotland 1016

New Wind Turbines Could Power Japan for 50 Years, after a Single Typhoon 0916
Offshore Wind Farms See Promise in Platforms That Float 0916
Wind Power Will Get a Lot Cheaper, as Wind Turbines Grow Enormous 0916
Researchers Envision 656-foot Long Blades on Wind Turbines 0316
Plastic Grass Could Cover Buildings to Produce Energy from Wind 0116
Statoil to Decide on Scottish Floating Wind Farm in September 0715
Whirlpool Windmill Produces Power without Blades - Using Wobbles 0615
Startup Offers Wind Turbines That Look Like a Tree and Sound Like One Too 1214
Groundbreaking Technology Stores Wind Power in Salt Caverns 1214
Paying Wind Generators Not to Produce Power 1114
Lighter-than-Air Turbine to Harness High-Altitude Winds 0914
The Nocebo Effect, and Why Its Much More Dangerous Than Wind Turbines 0813
Wind Turbines Do Not Affect Residential Property Values 0813
Wind Power Systems Hit Transmission Hurdles 0813
Wind Energys Shadow - Turbines Drag Down Power Potential 0513
Wind Power May be Much Less, Due to Turbine Wind Shadow 0313
Kites to Harness Wind at Altitude 0112

Not So Windy 0709 - See dual graphs, 2 sections above, for changes in world wind speeds since 1981.
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
General - Future Paths
Storage, Renewables Could Replace New

York's Indian Point Nuke 0517
The Cheap Energy Revolution Is Here, and

Coal Wont Cut It 0417
Interactive Map Shows Why Renewables,

Natural Gas Are Taking Over the US 0417

Ze r o - C a r b o n E r g y, e x c e p t
Biomass, Boosts Human and
Ecological Health 0317
A Roadmap for Rapid

Decarbonization 0317 - broad &
detailed blueprint,
mostly technological, by decade,
of how to go carbon neutral
(net-zero emissions) by 2050
and carbon-negative afterward.
Science journal
100% Renewable Energy Will

Require Nukes, CCS and/or
Seasonal Storage 0317
See also 80% Renewables by

2050 - NREL 1012 - PDF, 286
pp Vol. I on Overviews page (US
Government).
California Bill ims for 100% Renewable Energy by 2045 - 0217 - electricity only
Renewables Are Not Enough to Deliver Paris Climate Goals 0117
Mass. Legislators Propose 100% Renewable Energy Mandate 0117 - electric by 2035, all by 2050
John Kerry Says Clean Energy Will Yield Job Growth, Survival 0117
The Irreversible Momentum of Clean Energy 0117 by Barack Obama, in Science
Green Energy Can Increasingly Match or Beat Fossil Fuel Prices 1216
India Plans Nearly 60% of Electricity Capacity from Non-Fossil Fuels by 2027 - 1216
White House Releases Climate Change Plan Before Trump Takes Office 1116
10 Years On from the Stern Report - Low-Carbon Future Is Only One Available 1016
Renewables Poised for Rapid Growth Worldwide 1016
The Future Belongs to Clean Energy 1016
Eastern US Could Get 1/3 of Its Power from Renewables within 10 Years. 0816
Costa Rica Has Gone 76 Straight Days Using 100% Renewable Electricity 0916
NY Approves Plan for 50% Renewable Electricty by 2030 - 0816

Falling Cost of Solar and Wind Could Limit Energy Storage Profitability 0616
Pacific G&E Says Clean Energy Will Replace Power from Its Last Nuclear Plant 0616
The World Nears Peak Fossil Fuels for Electricity 0616
Canada's Energy Superpower Status Threatened, as World Shifts off Fossil Fuel 0516
Models Show Move to 100% Renewable Energy Would Save Australia Money 0416
San Diego's 100% Green Plan Seeks Overhaul in Electricity Buying 0416
The United States Mind-Blowing Clean Energy Potential 0316
Doubling Renewables by 2030 Could Save $4.2 Trillion per Year 0316
As Temperatures Soar, New Doubts Arise about Holding Warming to 2C - 0316 - India: 320 GW of renewables by 2030.
Clean Energy Is Win-Win for the US 0316 - US saves $250 Billion a Year by 2030.
The Renewable Energy Revolution Is Already upon Us 0216
Switch to Clean Energy Can Be Fast and Cheap 0116
Grid For Renewables Is Key to Cutting Emissions 0116
Cutting Pollution From U.S. Power Plants Is Cheaper than You Think 0116
Slump in Oil Prices Drives Green Energy Takeup in Top Oil Exporting Nations 0116
UN Climate Chief Says Low Oil Prices Can Boost Renewables 0116
Rapid Switch to Renewable Energy Can Put Paris Climate Goals within Reach 0116
Experts Predict Renewable Investment Boom, as Congress Renews Tax Credits 1215
San Diego Vows to Move

Entirely to Renewable
Energy in 20 Years 1215
Africa to Triple Its Electric

C a p a c i ty b y 2 0 3 0 , b y
Adding All Renewables
1215
New York Gov. Cuomo to

Increase Renewable
Electricity to 50% by 2030
- 1115
T h e Wo r l d C o u l d Ru n
Entirely on Wind, Solar, and
Hydro Power by 2050 -
1115 See below: 59%
solar, 35% wind, 5% water
Renewable Enery
Investment Predicted to
Surge 1115
Renewable Energy Supply

to Double in Major
Economies by 2030 - 1115
Paris Climate Deal to Ignite $90 Trillion Energy Revolution 1015
85% of British Power Can Be via Renewables by 2030, Says Greenpeace 0915
3 Ways the Worlds Power Mix to Change. #3 Wind & Solar Become Cheapest BNEF 0615 - graph below is 1 of several
1. The world will invest $12.2 trillion, cumulatively from now, in new power generation by 2040.
2. Renewables will account for nearly 60% of new generating capacity.
3. By 2026, globally, renewables will be cheapest electricity source: wind in 2026, superseded by solar in 2030.
Could China, theorlds Biggest Carbon Emitter, Ever Go Green? 0615
Clean Energy Path for West Virginia Detailed in Report 615
Developing Countries Could Leapfrog West with Clean Energy, Says Hollande 0615
Fossil Fuels Just Lost the Race Against Renewables 0415
China Can Cut Cod on Coal (Mostly) by 2050 - 0415 This summarizes the study below.
China 2050 High-Renewables Road Map 0415 - PDF See 3 graphs from the report, near the top of this page.
Australia Could Source 100% of Its Power from Renewables by 2050 - 0415
Circular Economy Could Cut Carbon Emissions 70% by 2030 - 0415
PJM, Largest US RTO, Is Well-Prepared to Lower Carbon Pollution without Reliability Problems 0315
Will Falling Oil Prices Undermine Green Energy? Mostly, Not. 0115
Indias Renewable Energy Investments Likely to Cross $10 Billion This Year 0115
Obama's India Visit - Hopes for Clean Energy and Climate Deals 0115
Exxon Issues Energy Reality Check as UN Debates Emissions 1214
Clues Show How Green US Electricity May Be in 2050 - 1114
Developing Countries Begin to Take Lead in Green Energy Growth 1014
This video shows a renewable energy future in Germany about 2050.
How California Can Kick Fossil Fuels by 2050 - 1014
Battle Looms Over Renewable Energy; Fossil Fuel Interests Are Losing 0414
World Must End 'Dirty' Fuel Use - UN 0414

UN Urges Huge Increase in Green Energy to Avert Climate Disaster 0414
Power Struggle - Green Energy Versus a Grid That's Not Ready 1213
Central America Opens the Door to Renewable Energy 1113
How Do We Balance Needs of Energy, Water, and Climate? 1113
Fundamental Limitations of Renewable Energy 0813
Renewable Energy Wins Over Republicans Backing Oil 0413
Renewable Energy Becomes a Utility Lifeline 0413
NY Moves Toward Adopting Wind & Other Renewables 0413
Google Explains Why the Future of Energy Is Green 0313
Renewable Energy Could Run Australia in 10 Years 0113
Cloudy US Renewables Forecast for 2013 - 1212
Solar & Wind Could Offer Cheaper Power Than Coal 1112
Renewables to Grow Fastest in Next 25 Years But Carbon Keeps Soaring 0911
Pay Now, Pay Later - Wisconsin 0811 - green jobs, current and future climate damages, etc. Cost of action vs inaction.
Grid Can Handle 35% of Electricity from Wind & Sun 0510
US Renewables Standard Would Benefit Southeast 0210
Europe's 30 Billion Grid for Renewables 0110
Renewables Can Power All (or More) of 30 States 1009

Renewables Can Power 30 States 100%+ 1009 - PDF, 37 pp
Biomass isddressed, Combined Heat & Power (3-11% by state) is not shown, nor is 1-6%
from Small and Micro Hydro Power in other states (10% in HI), nor 49% PV or 71%
Geothermal in HI.
. Geothermal
Water, Wood, Wise Tackling Climate Change in the US") 0107 - PDF, 204 pp
Renewables Can Meet > 100% of Global Energy Need, 80% by 2050 - IPCC 0701
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Biofuels. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
General - Investment
China Solar, Wind to Attract $780 Billion Investment by 2030 - 0417
China to Plow $361 Billion into Renewable Energy by 2020 - 0117
India Plans Nearly 60% of Electricity Capacity from Non-Fossil Fuels by 2027 - 1216
Global Investment in Energy Falls, but Renewables Remain Strong 0916
New Renewable Energy Projects Find Opportunity in Old Transmission Lines 0416
Republicans Are Warming Up to Renewable Energy 0416
China Leads, as Green Energy Investment Plans Hit Record High 0316
Have We Reached the Tipping Point for Investing in Renewable Energy? 0216
Slump in Oil Prices Drives Green Energy Takeup in Top Oil Exporting Nations 0116

- In 2015, more GW added & $ invested than in fossil fuel electricity, despite plunging, bargain fossil fuel prices.
Experts Predict Renewable Investment Boom, as Congress Renews Tax Credits 1215
Will Falling Oil Prices Undermine Green Energy? Mostly Not. 0115
9 Reasons Not to Be Depressed about the Planet 0115

Xcel to Double Down on Renewable Energy in Minnesota 0115
$550 Billion Fossil Fuel Subsidies Hurt Renewables 1114
Wind Power Is Cheapest Energy, EU Analysis Finds 1014 - see also above
Clean Energy Investment Headed for 2nd Annual Decline 1013
Money Trail Backs the Clean Energy Revolution 0813
Japan's Renewable Energy Growth Dims, as Nuclear Seeks Comeback 0713
Clean Energy Rise Slows in Europe as Incentives Yield to Austerity 0513
Crowd-Funding Boosts US Renewables 0413
US Regains Top Spot in Global Clean Energy Investment 0412
Clean Energy Sector Expected to Double by 2022 - 0312
Projected 2025 Total Plant Costs for Power Generation Technologies 0811
Green Energy Investment Hits Record Global High 0711
China Tops Global Clean Energy Table 0311
China Leads in Renewables Investments 0310
General - Growth
'Spectacular' Drop in Renewable Energy Costs Leads to Record Global Boost 0617
India, Once a Coal Goliath, Is Fast Turning Green 0617
Renewables Grow to 17% of Electricity Mix in Australia 0517

Renewable Energy Powers Jobs for Almost 10 Million People 0517
2/3 of Canadas Electricity Now Comes from Renewable Energy 0517
Saudis to Seek Bids for 700-MegaWatt Wind and Solar Projects 0417
World Clean Power Is Up, Costs Are Down 0417
More Renewable Energy for Less - Capacity Grew in 2016 as Costs Fell 0417
Note: In the USon average, levelized costs are much lower, for at least onshore wind and PV solar, than shown above.
CAISO Sets 1-Day Record, Serving 56.7% of Demand with Renewable Energy 0317
Clean Energy Is Now as Big as Pharmaceutical Manufacturing in the US 0317
Almost 90% of New Power in Europe from Renewable Sources in 2016 - 0217
The Irreversible Momentum of Clean Energy 0117 by Barack Obama, in Science
Costa Rica's Grid Used 98% Renewable Energy in 2016 - 0117
Christmas Day 2016 Sets New UK Record for Renewable Energy Use 1216
The Week Portugal Ran on Renewables 1216
UK Hits Clean Energy Milestone - 50% of Electricity from Low Carbon Sources 1216
Latin America Is Set to Become a Leader in Alternative Energy 1216
Half of UK Electricity Comes from Low-Carbon Sources for 1st Time Ever 1116
Renewable Energy Capacity Overtakes Coal 1016
Scotland Exceeds Emission Cut Targets 6 Years Early 0616
Renewable Energy Surges to Record Levels around the World 0516
Virtually All New US Electric Capacity Added in Q1 2016 Was Renewable FERC 0516
Portugal Runs for 4 Days Straight on Renewable Energy Alone 0516
Global Renewables Grew at Fastest Rate on Record in 2015 - 0416
Kauai Co-op Integrates over 70% Solar, 90% Renewables 4 Times in January 0216
Costa Rica at 99% Renewable. Are Others on the Same Path? 1215
Renewable Energy Made Up 1/2 of World's New Power Plants in 2014 - IEA 1115
Renewable Energy Outstrips Coal for 1st Time in UK Electricity Mix 0915
Renewables Outpace Nuclear in 45% of World Economies by Population 0715
Record Growth in Renewable Power, But Few Gains in Heat and Transport 0615
China Deserves More Credit for Renewable Energy Effort - IEA 0615
How Renewable Energy in South Africa Is Quietly Stealing a March on Coal 0615
Wal-Mart Makes Big Renewable Push with Utilities 0515
Once Extravagant, Renewable Power Plans Go Cheap 0315
Italys Electricity Down 3.4%. 33% Renewable 0114
US Renewable Energy Use Soared in 2012 - 0713
Renewable Energy Will Overtake Natural Gas by 2016 - 0613
2012 Was a Big Year for American Renewables 1212
Big Increase in Output of Scottish Renewables 0612
US Renewable Energy Production Surpasses Nuclear 0711
Renewables Outgrew Fossil Fuels in 2008 - 0509

General - World
Renewables Up from 18 to 22% of Electricity, and Will Accelerate 0914
Renewable Energy Capacity Grows at Fastest Pace Ever 0814
General - China
China Pushes for Mandatory Integration of Renewable Power 0316
Could China, the Worlds Biggest Carbon Emitter, Ever Go Green? 0615
China Can Cut Cord on Coal (Mostly) by 2050 - 0415 This summarizes the study below.
China 2050 High-Renewables Road Map 0415 - PDF
Chinas Projected Primary Energy Consumption by Year Chinas Projected 2050 Electricity Sources by Time of Day
China at Forefront Clean-Energy Market 1114
China Premier Li Reiterates Plans to Boost Clean Energy 0414
China to Build More Renewables Than EU, U.S. Combined, IEA Says 1113
China Cutting Subsidy for Largest Solar Projects 0313
China's Green Leap Backward 0113
China Tops Global Clean Energy Table 0311, available above under Investment
China Leads in Renewables Investments 0310, available above under Investment
China Feed-In Tariff Supports Renewables 1209
China Poised to Lead in Renewables & CCS 1209
China Hikes Wind and Solar Targets 1009
General - Elsewhere
Portugal Runs for 4 Days Straight on Renewable Energy Alone 0516
Victoria Renewables Target of 30% Is Achievable, Modeling Shows 0416
San Diego's 100% Green Plan Seeks Overhaul in Electricity Buying 0416
As Oil Industry Bleeds Jobs, Asia's Green Energy Drive Offers Bright Spot 1015
Australia Could Source 100% of Its Power from Renewables by 2050 - 0415
Renewables to Get Most of $1 Billion Ex-Im Bank Credit for India 0315
Costa Rica Electricity Was 100% Renewable for 75 Days Now. How? 0315
UK on Track to Meet Its Renewable Energy Targets 0215
Obama's India Visit - Hopes for Clean Energy and Climate Deals 0115
Central America's New Coffee Buzz - Renewable Energy 1214
Wind Power Is Cheapest Energy, EU Analysis Finds 1014
Tiny Spanish Island Nears Its Goal - 100% Renewable Energy 0914
India's Push for Renewable Energy - Is It Enough? 0914
Norwegian House-Power Plant Produces Twice The Energy It Uses 0914
Burlington Vermonts Electricity Goes 100% Renewable 0914
Africa to Add More Renewables in 2014 than Past 14 Years 0814
Clean Energy (& Solar Air Conditioning) Is Indian Governments Mantra 0814
India's Climate Change View Shifts toward Adaptation, Clean Energy 0314
Strong Future for Renewables in Texas 1213
Federal Boost for Farms' Renewable Energy in Doubt 1013
Cheap Power Stymies Renewables in Kyrgyzstan 0813
European Utilities Switch Off Investment in Fossil Fuel Plants 0613
Renewables Growth Shifts to Developing Nations 0613

Gas, Renewables to Power Texas Grid 0613
Copenhagens Ambitious Push to Be Carbon Neutral by 2025 0413
Germany Has Built Clean Energy Economy 1112
Climate Action Plan for Incoming US President 1108 - PDF, 17 pp
General - Military
US Military Orders Clean Energy 1010
Commanders Want Renewables in Field 0510
General - Misc.
Charging Electric Cars the Smart Way Will Take Pressure Off the Grid 0317
The Home that Pays Its Own Utility Bill (and Then Some) 0715
Can Low Oil Prices be Good for the Environment? 1114
Power Struggle - Green Energy Versus a Grid That's Not Ready 1213
Scarcity of Rare Metals Hinders Green Technologies 1113
Renewable Energy Needs Huge Mineral Supply 1113
Renewable Energy Reliability Confirmed Further 0813

Intermittency Problem? Use More Renewables! - 1212
HVDC to Help Renewables Flourish 1212
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Hydro+. .Geothermal
Biofuels - Ethanol
Electric Vehicles Threaten to Overtake Biofuels 0117
EPA Sets New Biofuel Targets, Which Could End Up on Trumps Chopping Block 1116
A Plane Full of People Just Flew across the US on Wood-Based Fuel 1116
Biofuels Worse for Climate than Gasoline, Study Finds 0816
Clinton Campaign Studying Alternative to U.S. Ethanol Mandate 0816
Clean Fuel from Bionic Leaf' Could Ease Pressure on Farmland 0616
Solar panels split H2O into O2 and H2. 10% efficient, vs 1% for photosynthesis.
Ethanol Mandate, a Boon to Iowa Alone, Faces Rising Resistance 0116
EPA Set to Order Ethanol Increase 1215
Oil Price Slump Taking a Toll on U.S. Alternative Fuels 0115
E.P.A. Postpones Setting Standards for Biofuel Blends 1114
Ethanol's Dwindling Discount from Gasoline Could Slow U.S. Biofuel Demand 1114
Louisiana Biofuels Projects Help Spur Nationwide Green Jobs Growth 1114
Beyond Corn - the New Frontier in Ethanol is Non-Food Biofuel 1014
US Cellulosic Fuel Makers Press Obama to Alter Biofuel Plan 0914
Emmetsburg, Iowa Cellulosic Ethanol Plant Opens September 3 - 0814
The Real Cost of Ethanol 0814
EPA Mulls Ethanol Change as Industry Profits Soar 0514
Ethanol Fuels Ozone Pollution 0414
Corn Biofuels Worse Than Gasoline on Global Warming in Short Term 0414
Why Hasnt Cellulosic Ethanol Taken Over, Like It Was Supposed to? 1113
Secret, Dirty Cost of Fuel Ethanol 1113
AAA Asks Feds to Slash Renewable Fuel Requirements 1013
Corn Prices Plunge amid Oversupply, Retreat from Ethanol 1013
Quest for Cheap, Non-Food Biofuel Starts with a Brewery 1013
EPA May Relax (Diminish) Ethanol Mandate in 2014 - 0813
Milestone in Creating Fuel From Waste 0713
Fast Food Chains Pursue Repeal of Renewable Fuel Mandate 0613
Climate Is Biofuel Foe 0613
Lawmakers Vote to Ban Ethanol in Maine 0513

Squeezing More From Ethanol 0513
USDA Asks for Approval of Sugar for Ethanol 0413
Drought Is Drying Up All Our Ethanol 0413
Ethanol's Days of Promise Fade 0313
Exxon Decades Away from Making Fuel from Algae 0313
Corn Ethanol Challenged 0213
Court Overturns EPAs Cellulosic Biofuels Mandate 0113
House Republicans Plan to Put Ethanol Fuel Standard on Trial 1212
AAA Warns E15 Gasoline Could Damage Cars 1112
Ethanol Mandate Raises Restaurant Costs 1112
Biofuels Can Be Friend or Foe 1009
Exxon Explores Oil from Algae 0809
Biofuels Worse than Oil on GHGs 0208
Biofuels Boost GHGs - Searchinger 0208 - PDF

Land use change makes corn ethanol a GHG emitter worse than gasoline.
Biofuels & Carbon Det - Fargione 0208 - PDF. 17 to 423 years to repay carbon debt from replacing natural ecosystems with ethanol or
biodiesel farms. Use only prairie biomass on abandoned or marginal cropland, maybe sugar cane from Brazil's cerrado.
Fuel Ethanol - Panac or Miracle? 1007
Ethanol & Renewable Fuels: 25% by 2025 - 1106 - PDF, 114 pp
Ethanol from Corn, Switchgrass, Wood; Biodiesel from Soy, Sunflower - Pimentel 0305 - PDF, 12 pp
Net Energy Balance of Corn Ethanol - Shapouri (USDA) 0704 - PDF
Effect of Ethanol on Pipelines 0802 - PDF
Biofuels - Biogas
Phasing Out Cookstoves a Win-Win for Climate and Health 0217 Substitute biogas, electricity for coal, wood, dung.
CLP Power to Tap Methane from Tuen Mun Landfill for Electricity 0117 - outside Hong Kong
Dutch Dairy Industry Launches 150 Million Biogas Project 1116
Biomass Could Help Power Africas Energy Transition 0516 - Convert biomass to biogas. Use it to make electricity.
Duke Energy Signs Deal to Turn Pig Poop Into Electricity 0316
Key to Water Security Could Be Lurking in a New Mexico Sewage Farm 0815
Backyard Unit Eats Trash to Make Biofuel 0515 - Israeli one solves efficiency, odor & insect problems of China/India units
UK's 1st Poo Bus' Goes into Regular Service 0315
Turning Muck into Money - the Biogas Revolution Takes Off 0215
Biofuel from Trash Could Create Green Jobs Bonanza in UK & Abroad 0215
Turning Blood to Power, Maasai Pastoralists Begin Bottling Biogas 0115
Central America's New Coffee Buzz - Renewable Energy 1214
Wisconsin's Potawatomi Project Will Use Food Waste to Make Energy 1013
Poop Power - New Generation of California Farmers to Use It 0613
Biogas Energy Answer to Zimbabwes Power Outages 0513
Biogas Can Meet 25% of Gas Needs 0710
Biofuels - Biodiesel & Jet Fuel
Are Advanced Biofuels Ready for Takeoff? 0517
Airplanes Flying on Biofuels Emit Fewer Climate-Warming Particles 0317
Can Corn Make Good Jet Fuel? Alaska Air Says Yes. 0616
Clean Fuel from Bionic Leaf' Could Ease Pressure on Farmland 0616
Solar panels split H2O into O2 and H2. 10% efficient, vs 1% for photosynthesis.
Biofuels Will Power Navys Next Deployment 0116
Could Diesel Made from Air Help Tackle Climate Change? 0915
Biofuel innovators Look for a Breakout 1214

Governments Seek to Raise EU Cap on Food-Based Biofuels 1113
Finn Researchers Make Cheap Biofuel, US Ones Pull Hydrogen from Water 0813
EU Lawmakers Deal a Blow to Crop-Based Biofuels 0713
Kenya Biofuel Project Ignites Land Disputes 0613
Teen's Biofuel Invention Turns Algae into Fuel 0613
Biofuels - Wood
EUs Renewable Energy Policy Is Making Global Warming Worse 0217
Phasing Out Cookstoves a Win-Win for Climate and Health 0217 Substitute biogas, electricity for coal, wood, dung.
Is Wood a Green Source of Energy? Scientists Are Divided 0117
Biomass Power Slumps as EPA, Industry Spar on Science 0816
Is Burning Trees Still Green? Some Experts Now Question Biomass 0716
Polluted Air Causes 5.5 Million Deaths a Year 0216 - Wood use for cooking and heating (India, Africa, etc.) is a big chunk.
Dutch Lawmakers Call for Halt to Wood Energy Subsidies 0216
US Forests Threatened, as Demand for Wood-Based Biofuels Grows 1015
UK to Build Worlds 1st Power Plant with Negative Emissions 0815
How Europes Climate Policies Have Led to More Trees Being Cut Down in the US 0615
Burlington, Vermont Goes All Renewable. Keep Wood in the Mix? 0415
Scientists - No, We Can't Fight Climate Change by Burning Trees 0215
Wood Pellets Are the Energy Boom You Haven't Heard About 1214 - above all, US exports to Europe
Fort Drum Powered by Wood in Renewable Energy Push 1114
Biomass Fuel - Worse for Climate than Coal? 0414
Roll on the Green Revolution - Paper Industry 1113
Power Plants Try Burning Wood With Coal to Cut Carbon Emissions 1113
Cleaner Than Coal? Wood Power Makes a Comeback 1013
Wood Could Bring Power to Those without Electricity 0913
Finn Researchers Make Cheap Biofuel, US Ones Pull Hydrogen from Water 0813 - same as above
Wood is Key Ingredient in Cheap Rechargeable Battery 0613
Wood - Europes Fuel of the Future? 0413
Biofuels - Misc.
Bioenergy Has Its Limits for Cutting Emissions 0117 - Offsetting electricity and heat with bioenergy is 1.63.9 times more effective at
cutting emissions than offsetting liquid fuels
The Great Garbage Fire Debate - Should We Burning Our Trash into Energy? 0117
Carbon-Eating Bacteria Could Be One Answer to Climate Change 1116

Tapping Landfills to Generate Power Seemed Smart, but Is Threatened Now 1016
Largest Biochar Facility in U.S. Opens at Cornell 0416
United Airlines Is Flying on Biofuels. Why Thats a Really Big Deal. 0316
Polluted Air Causes 5.5 Million Deaths a Year 0216 - Dung use for cooking and heating (India, Africa, etc.) is a chunk.
Oslo Trash Incinerator Starts Experiment to Slow Climate Change 0116
Scientists Seek to Harvest Electricity from Algae in Green-Energy Effort 1115
Researchers Find Sweet Source for Aviation Biofuel 0615
Vietnam Plans to Generate Power from Rice Husks 0415
Waste-to-Energy Revolution Boosted by Bio-Battery Idea 0315
Yak Dung Is Making Climate Change Worse 1214
Louisiana Biofuels Projects Help Spur Nationwide Green Jobs Growth 1114
One project is cellulosic ethanol, the other involves bichar and other biofuels.
Scientists Use E.Coli Bacteria to Create Fossil Fuel Alternative 0914
Probes Search Live Cyanobacteria For Biofuel-Production-Boosting Proteins 0814
Brutal Bust in Next-Generation Biofuels, in One Chart 0414

IPCC Eyes New Bio-Energy Fix 0314
Trash Into Gas, Efficiently? Army Test May Tell 0813
Waste CO2 as Power Source, New Super-Capacitor & Hydrogen from Sunlight 0813
Bid to Clean the Air with Algae 0813
Food vs Fuel 0713
Charged Microbes May Poop Out a Gasoline Alternative 0613
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Geothermal
Hydro - River & Reservoir
Wikipedia (2009 data) Electricit de France + (2011 data)
2/3 of Canadas Electricity Now Comes from Renewable Energy 0517
Side Effect of California's Drought - More CO2, Less Hydro
Is Small-Scale Hydro the Answer to India's Clean Energy Needs? 1116
Vietnam Sweats Bullets as China and Laos Dam the Mekong 1016
Bright Future for Water Power in America, Using Existing Dams etc. 0716
Why More than 200 New Dams Will Be a Disaster for the Amazon 0316
Venezuela Shuts Down for a Week, as Drought Cripples Electricity Supply 0316
Mountainous Pakistan Cuts Forest Loss, Disaster Risk with River Power 0316
Hydropower Said to Put Climate, Biodiversity at Risk 0116

Heat Waves, Drought May Curb Global Power Output 0116
As Hydropower Dries Up, Tanzania Moves toward Fossil Fuels 1215
Zimbabwes Mega Zambezi Dam Project Could Flounder as Climate Changes 1115
As the Need for Power Surges, Are Small - or Big - Dams in Poor Countries the Answer? 0815
Drought Has Cut Californias Hydro-Electricity Generation by 2/3 - 0715
In Quake-Prone Nepal, Why Solar Power Is an Energy Solution 0615
Drought Cuts Power Production from California Dams 0515
Colorado Begins $3.4 Million Effort to Save Agriculture Water, Make Power with It 0515
Egypt, Sudan Edge Toward Cooperation on Ethiopias Nile Dam 0315
California Staring at Decline in Hydro-Power Due to Drought 0315
Lao Hydro Dam to Seriously Affect Vietnams Mekong Delta 1214
Private Funding Brings a Boom in World Hydropower, With High Costs 1114
China's 3 Gorges Corp. to Diversify into Wind & Solar, as Big Dam Projects Dry Up 1114
Hydropower May Be Huge Source of Methane Emissions 1014 - also on Carbon + & - page, Rising Carbon Sources
We're Damming Up Every Big River on Earth. Is That Really a Good Idea? 1014
Brazils Proposed Mega-dam Auction Provokes Outrage, Indigenous Fight 1014
Dam It - Feds Say U.S. Can Double Hydropower 0514
Chinas Great Dam Boom Is a Major Assault on Its Rivers 1113

Hydroelectric Power Makes Big Comeback at US Dams 0913
Indian Court Halts Himalayan Hydro Projects 0813
Brazil's Hydro Dams Could Make Its Greenhouse Gas Emissions Soar 0713
New Big Hydro for Africa's People? 0513
Big Dams Are Booming Business 0513
Ethiopia Diverts Blue Nile for Controversial Dam 0513
Hydropower Megaproject to Dam Congo River 0513
Rights and Wrongs of Belo Monte 0513
Human Cost of Brazil's Hydropower 0113
Hydropower Continues Steady Growth 0612
Hydro - Ocean Power
Tidal Turbine Maker Bids to Turn U.K. into a Green Saudi Arabia 0417
America's 2nd Wave-Produced Power Goes Online in Hawaii 0916
Waves of the Pacific Are on Chiles Energy Horizon 0516
Alaska Aquarium Uses Seawater for Heating 0416
Triton Wave Device Could Provide 1/3 of America's Power 0416

Tidal Lagoon Technology Gets Multi-Million Boost 0216
Could New Generation Wave Energy Provide 1/3 of Australia's Electricity? 1115
Sea Change in Renewables Market Forces 1115 - around UK: offshore wind, tidal power, waves
Revolutionary Fence Set to Trap Seas Tidal Power 0815
Cardiff Tidal Energy Lagoon Could Power Every Home in Wales' 0315
Whatever Happened to Wave Power? 0215
1 Billion Tidal Lagoon - Swansea Bay Deadline Looms 1114
Seychelles Could Generate Cheap Power from Ocean Waves by 2016 - 1114
Wind Farm of the Future Might Be Underwater 1114
Tidal Power Generator Unveiling Hailed as Landmark 0814
Underwater Ocean Turbines - A New Spin on Clean Energy? 0814
US Regulations Push Wave-Energy Project to Australia 0414
Clean, Green & Unobtrusive, Wave & Tidal Energy Projects Appeal to Scots 1013
Tidal Energy Scheme Off Northern Scotland Gets Go-Ahead 0913
Britain's Tides Are Energy Goldmine 0613
Worlds Largest Wave Power Scheme Given Go-Ahead 0513
Lockheed to Build 10 MW OTEC Plant Off Hainan 0413
UK Tidal Power Has Huge Potential 0113

Scotland Surfs Ahead on Wave Energy 0912
1st Tidal Power Delivered Off Maine 0912
Florida Electricity from Ocean Current 1008
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. .2: Markets. .3: Projects+. .4. .Wind: US. .Abroad. .World. .General: Future. .Invest+. .Biofuels. .Hydro+
Geothermal
Australian Firm PlansS's Largest Geothermal Plant in Imperial Valley 0117
Iceland Is Digging a Very Deep Hole to Tap Geothermal Energy 1016
Engineers Work to Cut Costs and Emissions in Geothermal Power 0716
Developing Nations Need $133 Billion Geothermal Investment by 2030 - 0815
Tapping the Earths Heat 0615
How Volcanoes Could Help Power the PlanetBut Barely Do 0315
Report Touts Accessible Geothermal Resources, Cheaper Alternative to B.C.s Site C 1114
US Geothermal Power Industry Lost Steam, But May Be Poised for Comeback 1014
Kick Out Kenyas Masai Herders to Develop Geothermal Energy? 0914
Geothermal Map Data System Could Yield 100% of US Electricity 0213

Geothermal Takes a Technological Step Forward 0113
Geothermal Industry Has Big Plans 1211
Geothermal Mapping Report - US Resource Is 10 x Coal 1011
Geothermal's Great Potential 0611
US Geothermal to Grow 300% in Few Years 1009
Misc.
Wind, Solar Lead to Growing Investment in Power Lines 0914
How Global Warming Could Boost Green Energy in an Unexpected Way - Water Shortages 1013
How to Lose Half a Trillion Euros 1013
In a Hot, Thirsty Energy Business, Water Is Prized 1013
Germany's Energy Poverty - How Electricity Became a Luxury Good 0913
Dominion, Virginia's Largest Electric Utility, Updates Energy Plan, with Gas 0813
German Energy Giants Pull Plug on Conventional Power 0813
German Utilities Hammered, in a Market That Favors Renewables 0813
Enzyme Makes Hydrogen Faster and Cheaper 0811
Eliminate Fossil Fuel Subsidies - IEA 1110
GO TO Context. .Sun 1. 2: Mkts. 3: Projects+. 4. .Wind: US. Abroad. World. .General: Future. Invest+. Biofuels. Hydro+. Geothermal

Global Warming-So What ?

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Global Warming-So What ?

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GLOBAL WARMING-SO WHAT ?

Levelized US Costs of New

Levelized US Costs of New Electric Energy - Lazard 1215 - PDF, 20 pp.

Below are ranges for major categories, from a year earlier.

Supply costs are

The graph above is by Union of Concerned Scientists.

China2050 High-Renewables Road Map 0415 - PDF

Chinas Projected Electricity Generation by Source, by Year

GLOBAL WARMING-SO WHAT ? 19

Red line wth blue

Sun - Photovoltaics (PV)

The Falling Costs of Solar Power in the US 0816 - see below

No inetives, resid., 20%

2021 ~ 185 GW of solar PV (1/6 of all GW now) projected by 2022

GLOBAL WARMING-SO WHAT ? 31

Solar Csts vs Installed MW 0812 - PDF graph

The Energy to Manufacture a Solar Cell 0910

China Is Planning Ahead for Life after Coal 0517

U.S. Solar Soared in 2016, but Investors Still Leery 0317

OPECs Top Producer Is Turning to Wind and Solar Power 0217

Whos the Typical Solar Power User? Youd Be Surprised. 0217

China's Solar Power Capacity More than Doubles in 2016 - 0217

Trumps Potentially Toxic Effect on the Solar Industry 1216

Taste of Solar Power Builds Appetite for More in Kenya 1016

Indias Solar Power Is Set to Outshine Coal 1016

U.S. Solar Capacity Triples 1016

Solar Panels Surpass Coals Electricity in UK, Previously Unthinkable 1016

In Rural Bangladesh, Solar Power Dents Poverty 1016

Solar on the Steppe - Ukraine Embraces Renewables Revolution 0916

Solar Rooftop Revolution Fizzles in U.S. on Utility Pushback 0916

India Doubles Down on Solar Parks after SunEdison Setback 0716

US Solar Power Market Hits All-Time High 0616

Red States Are Leading the Way in Renewable Energy 0516

UK Solar Power Installations Plummet after Government Cuts 0416

Solar Energy in the US Is Poised for an Unforgettable Year 0316

SolarCity and Other Rooftop Providers Face a Cloudier Future 0216

California Solar Industry Job Growth Reaches Record Levels 0216

In Rural India, Solar-Powered Micro-Grids Show Mixed Success 0116

India's Solar Surge May Slash Coal Imports 0116

Electrifying India, with the Sun and Small Loans 0116

Big Boost for Solar Rooftops in India 1215

North Carolina, Georgia Growing New Crop of Solar Farms 1215

Community Solar Brings Renewable Energy to the Masses 1215

Big Utilities Enter Market for Small Rooftop Solar 1015

India's Solar Climate Tech Revolution Is Starting in Its Villages 1015

China Raises Solar Installation Target for 2015 - 1015

SolarCity to Make High-Efficiency (22%) Panel 1015

Slashing Household Solar Subsides Will Kill Off UK Industry 0815

Empathy, Not Incentives or Environmentalism, Sells Solar Power in India 0715

Cheap Power or Clean Energy? Indias $200 Billion Dilemma 0715

Why the Saudis Are Going Solar 0615

Modis Solar Embrace in India Leaves Wind Power in Shade 0615

In Quake-Prone Nepal, Why Solar Power Is an Energy Solution 0615

NRG Energy's Huge Solar Ambitions Are Coming to Fruition 0515

China Solar Expansion Needs Billions from Wary Investors 0415

Solar Power Is Shaking Up Global Energy 0415

New Renewables Broke Through 100 GW Barrier in 2014 - 0315

Solar Lights Are a Healthy, and Empowering, Path in Disasters. 0215

Solar Loses Out to Wind in UKs 1st Renewables Auction 0215

Will New Obstacles Dim Hawaiis Solar Power Surge? 0215

Africas Quiet Solar Revolution 0115

Africa Is a Brightening Continent 0115

Solar Panels Floating on Water Will Power Japan's Homes 0115

Texas Becoming Less Reliant on Coal to Generate Electricity 1214