Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
5DK W
wUF rOKF WO d
d( uMH
rKF* qO
uU _ nBK
wLKF WOU uKF
uHR*
W(u dU U bL u dC tMKH nu U1
UF d
hL( u rOF ZUM* WM' fOz
5U ZUM* ed U db
ZUM* ed
WO
d v_ WF D hL(u dL ud d
WOMH dzb
Ud bz d
UDO' u dL t(u U rOLB
u bL WUDK Vu; b
5I 5% uG dd%
u UNL bOCM
WO
d v_ WF D
WO
d v_ WF D
ZUM* edwUF rOKF WOd u WuH lD uI lOL c
WMb* ed WN s 5LO vK U bUF* UuOB* w ZUM* ed
5DK tK
+ fU + uHK
pcdc@palnet.com wdJ uMF www.pcdc.edu.ps WOdJ WHB
bONL
U?u?L? o?O?I??? W?OMODKH WOuB) wd UNM l{ d{ wUF rOKF WOd
UU bF wMODK UNM UM .uFA 5 tUJ cQ v wMODKH VFA
WOMu UO UM ULN
W?b* WdA u* WOLM wU ou WOd u1b rOI aOd UU wMODKH VFAK
uK WOL) WD) U UN w
u wu c lL: b oI UN s w rOKFK WOzd WKOu t w UNM* WOL sLJ
r?K?F?* b?O? v?_ _ r?K?F??K? j?Ou bB* t_ UNM* dUM b wb* UJU WU WUM
s UdO d_ rKF WOK; WUI uU( Xd rKF qzU s dO v WU{ VUD
bU* jzUu
VJ wMODKH UNMLK UND s WU WKd* oOD UF c u d
d?u?D? v? W?U?{U? w?MI wMN* WOU uKF wLKF tdH u?U _ nB
U?I? U?F? w? u?U? wU nB UNM V UNFO WOU_ WKd* V iF
u?H?B?K? U?F rOKFK WOb* VJ lOL b XKL b wUF rOKF WOd uJ UN
U qL wdJ rOKF UJA U w WO WOM lOu vK UOU u qLF
5% ud duD WKu* UuL UOI YU* lOL w qd* ZUM* WOKOK% WO1uI
wMODKH rOKF WOu
UU
UI Ub v dA b_ uHBK e$ w rKF* W WOb* VJ bF
wIDM qN uKQ X{d UuKF UF s tOK qLA U0 rKF rOKF WOKL w WOU eO
V?O?U? W?D?A?_ q?zU?u? f?b? ozdD qB W{ dR sLC WuM d dOu
uc* WOL) WD) U l .uI
UNb uuI sc ULKF* 5LKF* 5ud WUA0 UuM Ud UNOIM VJ WFd r
w dOG l w duD qbFK WKU WOd& UF WFd v v_ s UFD u d
s? t?O? c U bI0 e wMODKH wb* UJ WLO UO( UN wuuMJ wLKF bI
d?O?O?G? u?b?? s?c? W?Ob* VJ b U w 5BB* s sJ2 b d WUA s uN
nOQ wU w ZUM* ed UN WONM0 WFd* s WFu UOKLF s rOKF w Udu
bOu vK qLF c su wd w d
WOb ULEM* UR* v dbI dJA qe bI UNF wUF rOKF WOd
ZUM* dA* wU* UNLb UJOK WuJ WU WIbB WOdF b
s? w??U wMu qLF c U$ w XU w WOMu Wud UHJU dH u UL
y e?O?L?* r?u?N? rNUA vK rdJA WOb* VJ bS uI w Wud UK
q
5?U?A?* s?d?; 5HR* d ZUM*ed Wu ZUM* U' qLA tF u V
s? W?Ob* VJ d w 5UA* 5FUD 5Fd* 5Ud 5LLB* qLF Uu
wUF rOKF WOd oOD UM bO*
ZUM* ed
uK
WbI*
. t t vK vHDB* wM vK B vH tK bL(
bF U
v? rOUH* UB bM UIOL UdJ b?F c UBI YU UuKF* UF* VJ
d( uMH ub dJ* WOKLF WUL*U VJO UduD UN* rOKF U rKF wU
w WOU_ rNeO sLJ WOMH WOd U w uBB U/ 5OKOJA 5UM dCU uO
d?? U??? v?K? r?N??% W??K?D? U UuKF* UF* Uu `H w WOb rNOU
rNu WOLM w rbU bb U rNU `H VFB v qN s b WOKL WOM UN
WOKI* rNUU& bb%
WOKLF UUAMU de b l uU _ nBK d( uMHK rKF* qO U u
v? W??K?D? r?O??I?? U? W?D?O?; W??O?? w? d?u?* UUJ VUM U rKF* UNM U WOIOD
bN' X u du tS WOHB WB( U q UuL
W?O?U?_ U??* U?M?? WDA u% rOLB rd U w v_ bu Y
we rd wdF jK WOMH Ub r rOLBK
w?M?u? t?d?? r?K?F* jd WbO d( UG_ w WF2 WOKL UUA WOU bu qLA
wNM oAF* Ue UA r UF* vK dDU b `O qJA tLOOI s tMJ9 wMODKH
VA) qOJA ldH dD
? W?O?U?_ U?L?? i?F? r?J?U lCO WU bu w dUF* wdF sH aU wQ
d?I? WUN cM dA WKd0 b? b? s? t U U wdF wMODKH wKOJA wUI
d?I s dO_ le Wb v WOdF w dUF* WOKOJA Ud( v u dA sU
sdAF
ndFK WFd bu U rUF w wuuMJ bI wLKF uD Wu dC dE
ud U W{u WOLOKF uD) UC w Wb uU( WDu rOLB Zd
t??% W?L?O? Z?zU vK uB( WdI* WDA_ oOD s rKF* rKF* sJL YO UOK U?O{u
b dL vK
WOU Wud b_ oI% q s d( uMH wLKF* 5F dO UJ c uJ qQ
c s v_ WFD Q ULK rzb UMuM vK UM rJUE UEU oOu tK s 5
WOd& WF w UJ
oOu w
tK
uHR*
U
u;
rKFLK WU U
v bu
rOLB rd
rOLB f _ UAM
w dF j) wU UAM
WO
e u_U re YU UAM
WOU bu
WbO d( U_
WU bu
dA _ UAM
WOMODKH WOKOJA wU UAM
w dF su w WOKOJA YU UAM
WFd bu
ld* WLzU
rKFLK WU U
wMH qLF UM d UM
WDIM
j
QF tMJ UU
bF b WIL UIM s WKK uJ bF jO j
ULOI U u j
c WUN w lL U c w d WM U WOd u
W
UD
WO uO d
U UNU V u b v uD
XL
b
UuL UOMM
UU qOb c WDA s dFUN Ud w
qJA
dH WKJ
uK
suJ UOU s uN pc WIU dUMF s qI wMH qLF suJ w WOL uK
dR WLO
UMKF tdOQ teOL UM ULK wMH qLF w
UNOK uC u
u WO dL sOFK b w uDK dNE WH u uK uNHL
fL
E uC
wMH qLF UM f
u
bu
UH b W
UNFL& w wMH qLF dUM nP WO U b
U wH WOM rO
UNO oI s tS eUL
b qOUH bu r WdA
U_ lD
5 ou U u s b tU
rEF h
A tO wCI c eM*
r v UuK uB dzU b' u WdG r 5 UNMO UCF UNCF
.wHM v{dU uFA
wMH qLF w dUMF e_ 5 ou U oOI% s b t uI qL
eOL* qJ w bu pc oI
UI
uJ b
b WuJ UU* qJ dJ u uB w UI
dF UU b q 5 uJ b
bU WUI WHK
WKUL
UL wK dBMF w dIH wU dBMF w buU dIHU
wK dBMF uN uJ U uB u vIOu* w wU dBMF
VUM WM
UO
Wd
o U2 ZM
WD
K WKK* b d qB wLd UM w UCF UNCF b_ qLJ V
w R iF UNCF b jd b d v WU s wUH* uM _
WILF dO UN suJ v WUNM
WD) l{ bM UNUd V w quF iF
UAM q U
DK wM e dLF ju WdF
DK wMH dLF ju WdF
u{uL bb
W WOLOKF qzUu _ U U
dOC
UAM UM
U W bIL
ldL WMOFL qzUu
WOLOKF UL d dF w uK_
oOD WDA_
U tOu
UAM bF U
tb oOI bL WMU tzU UAM ruI
WIU rNd
WMU cO bI b
WdH U WUF
d?O? Z?zU??M? u? W?U? w? f?b?? u?K WId vK WUML bF d
WO{dL
u{uL
UU _
WOLOKF qzUu
ueHK ubOuU WdIL WdB WOFL qzUu
CDW bL d
_ q WOFL qzUu
du b UOUH WdB qzUu
U u u t U WFO dL u d
VOU_
s WKDK UNL U uKFL UB dD VOU b UM
qOL VUD q
s rKFL q
s WdL WBI
w nB s UL nO s v U U Wu WK WA
UML u
b r u U qJ U
dI UM WEL
wKLF oOD .
U
b WLN wMH UAM WUL vK U
lb cO bM eU U w U
u UL bLK sJL d uMH WB UK b qL w WOMO dO
u?_ e? s? b? u?{u? U? S? U?N? d?B dO U vK WK _ .W?B?
UNOK uK w bUIL u ou u dOC cO s VKD rKFLK sJL
s cO K wJO UMOF
Ub dU ? h
UD rNMO UOU
s Ub JA
q wMH UAM u rbA rNU XHK dO Ud rKFL uI b p
UOKL
UdE UAM d u rb cO U XH bN p
WFUL dF
dOB
eOL uA qJA W bIL UD
WUML WKOu b
l WdEM UL d
WHK
L WOU_ UNLK wKL rbI
rOK qJA rdO s bQ WKD UL WFU
d _ e wUL d tOu lOA
ruI
UMOK UAM w u b_ oOI s bQK
bFL WK_ od s WKD v WdEM UL u s bQ
uLM w UL bd rzu
b
U UNL cOHM qK WFU
oU rNzQ WUI WKD bI WFU
UN{d eOLL UL_ lOA
W?E??L? s p U w WKLJL dO UL wU tOu UD
WFUL
WOd u/ bI w bU b s tIOI% - U bb% w rKF* bU bI U q
qd UH_ uM hzUB .uI UM rKF* wd wGM sH od s rKF*
U) rNuKQ UNM d w WdB ozUI( rOUH* UJ_ WLd w wMH rdOF
WHK
OJA dOF dUMF
wMH dGU ruI U
b vK UBM oOKF c uJ YO tM UN bF b vK oOKF b* vK
.WIU rNU; WMU tO rNKA rNU$ b wMH dGK cO oOI%
s rdU WOMH WOd wb s dO UNKHG w uD) s b vK oOKF
d' WOKL U0 u q U dU UN uI w d' WOKL WeM0 wN UNOL UNuD
lzUC u UNOK U
dJ w lzUC u t 5 tU t bI dUK `{u
tKA tU$ b UC bLK `{u b vK oOKF uD S UNOK U
w
s dU rBF d' WOKL UL .tM rN{d qLF vK cO U
b t 5
dO `UM dU 5 WOU WHB tU& u Q qN' v{uH s tLBF U bI UJ
tUL duD qN' s tLBF U bI qAH s b* rBF UC oOKF uD
`UM
b* c du s .tKA tU$ U dF tKL W
rNH c u b*U
.WUMF b' cQ uD) c c UNOK oOKF cO UL h vK
nA WOKL u rOOI q U0 rOOI s Uu tu s d
b vK oOKF
uJ WOMH WOd b vK VO dH UNO bN w rOI b_ oOI% b s
iF oOI% u b* b U U .q
s tb UNF{ w rOI bNU UDd tIOKF
.UU czbM t U WOUM cN WKL cO UL rEF U WOuK rOI
s dO ULO b vK oOKF bM tUd V c _ U_ u c
q
rNH_ UuF{ w b Ud cO UL rdN WOMH WOd wb
qLF UM w WOD) rOI iF oOI% b* u U bM b UL .qLF w b
iF WKL WUNM w rNUL qF U2 WHK< u_ b
u WUB
cO lbM
d v b* lb U WU( c q w fO .WOM cN b* dO WOuK rOI
X U . qO{ tO b* qC WbB bO U$ u U U$ s cO d U _
U bI tUM dNE UU sJ1 UNO bLK qC cO UNO qu
w ZzUM
.b vK oOKF bM tKAH dNE uJ
WKdL c w rKFL UUL b
WuHD s aK b
uN UJ 5GU rU v UL v qO WKd* c rKF
tHOJ vK dU dOQ dR U2 UJ rU v tOU dJH t& UJ u f
wUFH U bI WI b wHM dD{ oKI dO uN WKd* c w wUL
t UL wUL wuuOH dOG s dH d1 e uN c bOQ V Wd
tc oKF ULO WOU( bb ` t UL WA
UM b dO s u cQ bF r
Ueu WU UU t WKd* c w rKFM U tOK UJ VOU ULF v qO1
wK ULO
WOUL UOu qL UON WKd* c rKF `
cK vU uNH tb uJ v WOc tbI U v WKd* c rKF U
rNMO ULO q UF w rNOU rKF UJ rU w U b v U
lL: w su UU p UNU2 Uu uI( WdF v U
tUFH tF l w bU tFHM U0 td U
G v U
tuO l oH U rKF vK qI WOKLF WUL* bUA* v U
b UJ vK bI WOLM v U
p w c UNLKF b
s cM dOF dH
sOUM bF b u{u dD b
dOF w dJ bb VOU s WKO WLO
sO UC s
uJ u dJ bb WK w uLCL c d WOb u UJ w U rdM
c w VUML dO sL dHL c s WUG v sJL r c rKFL VUD l U
b?N?? W?H?U?C? w? w? r?KFL bU dOG s c uLCL v dOJH d WKdL
uLCL qJA sO _ jK rKFL c q
s cL
rKFL vK V w UNL u uLCL qJA s WOL qI d d UMU s VOG
? Ud rKI qOKE UN q UNLKF w dUMF UJ_ w dB sO UNU
dH UN suK UN
b? X?
u? o?O?C? W?b? W?Kd w UdO UNL c qJ UL VUD lOD
c? i?F?? r?K? r?K?F??L?K? s?JL U U
uL du bF UO_ iF w tb
uC
UOK bUF UNK bL X UNUI sOLKFL s l
u UNUL w b UNL
wIDM dO l
u s bOF d c uMHK
dOJHK YF sH
Uu Ue WLI
UC
UNO b U UMO vK uC b vIK c dOJH vK qIF eH%
R UAJ w Wd d Y vK b
WE s UbM U uJ b
oK
vK UI bOu UC uJ b
D V WdF wUU uuJO
s lu rUF U vK dFK d{ VKD u sd U& u U& rbM
UNU& UO( b s WJ* d) qIF UL
.uMH fb w JA* q wLKF dOJH WId nu nO
bu b
vK U uJ bu c UUA oOD bF rKF* s l u
. WOB f_ o rOLB -
. wb wM qJ tOMH tUL w wdF j
nOu -
.we duBK W UNL -
WdIL WDA_
. rOLB
.wdF j
K WOMH U b
-
.we rd -
_ UAM
rOLB f
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
U qJA t rOLB uNH b
wMH qLF rOLB f sO W
F b
wMH qLF rOLB w WuKDL WUL w dUMF VOd rOEM WId vK dF
wM qL rOLB suJ w UJ dJH VU wLM
UOKL
VUM wM qL suJ w rOLB f wd
wB
A tHOQ s WK UJ f rO UB cHM
UU) _
hI WuK A4iO u U
bzd u WObM WI U
WOLOKF qzUu
WIU uM s WKDKWUM WOMH UL_ iF eU UL
WO WOM f vK qLA w eOLL WO WOMH UL_ s bF u
WDA_ VOU_
WIU uHB w w rOLB f WKD l rKFL ld
sO UNMO W
F t rOLB uNH w WOLOKF qzUu d UM WKD rKFL g
UM
wMH b WOL sO wMH qLF w dUMF lu VOd d v rNU dO wMH qLF
WOFHM WOUL tLO
rOLB
Y?O? w?UL wFH lU eOL UMuJ qLF qOJA UJ u rOLB
bb qL suJ w qO
UJ vK rLBL b
vK rOLB WOKL bLF
oU qL duD
s? b vK qLA wUL qL tMJ jI b h
U w UU r rOLB WOKL
r U
_
U?L?O?L?B? t jD
v UMH rLBL v QK c h
A urOLB VKD c
pdO WU WR q sOF qL VU h
A c uJ sJLO t V UMOF
UJ wMH UM rOLB WOKL w UL bM c UMH urLBL
W?K? U?J UHuL cQ uI YO Wb Wd sNL c h
A ucHML wd
h
A c uJ b
UOKL cOHM uI r s tO qu c rOLB s UMH rLBL s
WbO d s p dO UU b U
rOLB rd uI YO b X
w wd bL UMH u tH rLBL uJ sJL
UOKL tHM cHM r s
rOLB
U? w d?O b v? rN? w WL?NL WO?MH U?L_ s d?F t?LOEM? rOL?B
ULK? U? tM?J UM?HK W?OMH? Wu?L vK? jI b?L?F r?OLB? tKA?
Wd v?K bU? w q u?F Ud l? pKN?L vK? w?HM dOQ? U uQ? W
t O K d O Q U pK N L W
fHM rK UdEWdFL rKF VU vwMH b UN vK bLF rLBL l
qu UB UNL UL VU v WOuK uKF s UdO
q?A? s? r??M? b?
w?? dzU
u
s Uu UD_ UH rLBL vK V
U dd rOLB w UL WU w
WO UOKLF vK rOLB WOKL uDM
UNM V_ UO r s b UAJ qL u b
u d U UFA b
WUML ud uB b
u_ uD
lu
WO rOUB UJ s
U
dD Vu vK W{dF uJ U w WOzU WO W
jzU vK oBK qJ vK uJ U UNM
U
WR Wd q WMOF WN h
dOG U
UD
bUFL d_ U
UD
UFA rOLB
bd L rOLB
oBKL sO dH
sObU WU UOuK lM q sOF u{u vK u WU Wu s U uoBKL
W?U? U? u?K?F? o?B?K?L? w? uJ YO UOLO q WOu d _ iF s u{u
WLz u VUM VOd uJ Uu{uL pK h
w uB iF UMK
U?M? c? q?OL uQL s u q WMOF WFK ou b
v?K? U?? c? u YO UdO WL
H rUDL WOUO sU _ q WLN sU v
uD
u WUM UFu tH u{uL WUM u
rOLB _ UAM
rOLB UOKL oDM UAM c w
5DK w WUO
uD)
q?? sODK w WOUO sU h
w uB s b lL WKD rKFL nKJ
dB
wLOd d W UOI WOM vB
_ bL d
B W
UJu
WO uB w `{u u UL WOUO sU _ s UdO UA
WO{ uJ v WUM tu ud vK uB VOd lu WKDK UL UD
lu V_ U
U bF uBK VUD lu s uBK
UFu s b wK ULO UIU UUd w wMH rOLB f tO XI c
uBK
wU UAM
u?J v D s U
UD UIBKL WOzUb nB L iF rKFL VKD
wK U g
UM WuKDL U U
_ v WU{ `O{u dA UM UL
q UN rOLB r wJ WMOF WN bb
sOb WU XuJ Wd U Wd
WMOF WN WU W
UD W oBK u q bd c dAL qJ VUD b
r YO w qOL qJA UN b
sJL w ULKJK WMOF UL rKFL wDF
wu dD
wI uL qJ vK uJ U UNML uD
K WHK
UFu UJ d
WO UJ_ w UL
5DK 5DK
5DK
K
5D K 5DK
5
.uI
UdE
dD W s be UL wK U d
e UIBKL bu rOLB
bO w Udu Vu dA w U
UOKL
UNA
UML u vK rNUL WKD dF
f q UJ w qLL Vd l qC_ U
ZzUM u UE rKFL wDF
UCF UNCF l wMH rOLB
wU UAM
wdF j)
W? q?J oOu UUD
rUHK b?B? U?Nu uFA UO w dO WOL WUJ q
uK UNUC ezU rzU b uJ UNOK UH r uD Xb UN WU u u
Ud sO rUHK
U?L Wd t
b w WU uD
s bb u duD w dA aU w sHK
UdO wuJ YK wub WF
d w
M j
q
U?D??d? t?u?J? u?K? W?O?bMN _U tUFU UF rKIU rd wuJ j
_
bu
t vK ULU tOM UL U WOUJ UMN WOKOJA uMHU
WUJ uD
uO rd tu s dOFK rd wzb U d YO sOM cM WUJ uD
W?U??J?U? d? U u e d dOF r uB dOFU vL U u u d r _ r dOD
s?O?B? dF w WULL tu dGB UO w WO dB w WLbI WOHOKdON
tUJ j
uD Q d c tUJ u s d U w
nO bO U t vK q rd u qJ vK d
r uUL uB b
b q
UJK d
O tL w nO bL b
b t U
w nO bLG c qd uB vMF vK WbK uB ruMFL uB b
b
WUA d s UdOF
UuMF e be r
W?b?K? d?OF uB d
vK Wb ud s WUJ XI wd uB b
d WLK v e d b
b_ uB UOd
Uu `B UNd ULKJ lUI vK
WLb
WdB WOHOKdO WU
U
uI w WO WU qJ WUJ uD b u WLb
Wu WU
rbI dF w sOu_ bM WOMOH WUL WU WLb
WOMO WU
Ud WF U WOK n s WuIM bML Wb b wu q
dF U s
WOdF WUJ j{
r WOdF WUJ j{ w qCH rN ld ULK UM
U s ub l{ bI jOIM U qOJA u uM rK l{ wb u_ u
dF vK d s pKL b w wHI nu s
dB w WdF aOA VIKL w bL b vK Ub rO
d U l{u bOOI d U
U?J?? U?d? l{ w sOF rF l{ bOdH bL s qOK
v qCH ld
dGBL sOF d s UNu eLN qJ
WOdF uD) u r
bF U w UNS tM bM wuJ j
n? c? n?U?B?L? t u
M uU U
M? s?O?
u? _ p?c wL aM j
lbU ULb
tKI s bu
l{ uD
pKL VIK uD
u v
VFYK j
W?O?d?I? u?? q?z U?? VJ sUM WU w b
tMI d?U? U?D
dF
WOdI UuK
s td XI tOUDK VJ dd w t b
r cN wL b
U j
WOLd ozUu sOUD
UN U t VJ XU YK aM j d
uD
u qN d u UNOK VJ w U
d v W r cN wL tF
d j
r?N? b?
u?D?
? u? q?N? d?u? j?
? s? uM c W wdF j
K rKFL b
bu
l{u wULF U bOL b UDK s p UL UAL
WL_ UMOOF WU w b
WOUDK uBI q w qLF Uwub j
bu
tu l{ b
WO uJ WOLd sb w tULF pc wL WFOd VUML
pc Ud U u qb UNMO ULO n_ wd qb eOL wd nOM rOd
wUd j
tOK oK
n_ u WU ULNMO dF wu sOD sO VJ wK wub j
w? e?d??? U?D?K? w?K dO bu
l{ UUG U q tKLFwUH j
dN s U dI
WOdF uD
s UL U UuD
L qL j?? ? Y?? ?b?? ? ? d?? ? ? j??
? ?
wd d td bu
t fO b
d??E? M? X??H? W??d??e?? U??L? ? t??U?
U w b
v? t???l?O?
u?? j? dGD
w? d?B?? s? w? tO r
UA
s? uD ULF qOK
u j
qJ
bLF c beU tUDK pMuLO U
UJ vK tF bLU b n dO v
uNHL bOu c tuLC U c
b?? n?? W?? L? ?B? ? b??O? K? I? u?? d??G? D? s??
pMuLO
jOD WUJ
wdF j
r w U rK
b
i?d? d? e?O?L?? j?O?D?
rKI dF
b b U UD rKI dG
u_ w WFMB
_ c du j
uM UI rKI w qOL W nK
qzU `D
uB uU dFL VBI U q tO w du WDO U U s UdOC VUDK sJL
?
u?LOJ_ u s rKI c dOC sJL u s jOD
rK
b WId `{u U
`?{u? U? q?J?A?jOD
rK
tUA qJA t X bF UF Ud rK
v suK
u?? ?
Q? W?U??J?K? U?F wMOB tuQ d b
UNUJ jOD
b WOHO
jOD
K WU eU
u_ w du t dcU db s
WObMN Ue
t?I?dL UJ_ `{ut? b? w? w?d? dBMF d du w rKL UMH b b
j)U UM U UM U
qJ vK wuJ
dH{ wUL lKC
ju w wbM qJ vK UH b
d( UUN Ub Wd wuJ j) Uu U qL UdH q w W b
* WOde bu iF U/
_ wIOD UAM
jO wuJ j)
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
wuJ j
WU w t b
L _ vK dF
W O b M N u D
U J _ U U N D s w u J j
W U r W I d v K d F
UOKL
jO wuJ j
d rd
ULK w wuJ j
d jd
wuJ j
U b
UOU L cHM
UOM
UU&
wdF j
K VUD V WOLM
w wdF dU e
wdF j
w WOUL WOUM c
UU) _
WbM d WObM UL U
WOLOKF qzUu
jzU Uu UOUH vK dC d r UJ_ dOC
WDA_ VOU_
tU b
wuJ j
WOL s bK W bI WON
UNOd WOdF WGK dQ WKD dOc
O.H.P UN s UN{d WOdF uD
u iF WKD dOc
Ue UL UUOI WKD dOc
UF d v U N L O I b F u v K u e j
j O w u J j
d r
U O d U C W K O u W I d L U LM U U MO F W U L j
U t O b M
VOd WUEM t{d tu sO WM d WUL
d vK jOIM UJ bb UNUN UND WLKJ Wb w d qJ
dH WKJ ULK w t udL d j
tK u? bL tK t? U uK b
?U tb r? tL WUJ? WKD nO?KJ
wH UAM wbMN UFdL d vK
UO sJ1 sdL c w
W V w WDI l
u
VUD
.uI
UdE
d_ uMH l j
s j UL r cN wuJ j
wL UL
WOdF uD
u b WOKLF UO w wuJ j
WOL U
jO wuJ j
UL UL
UOKL
WFd WcG rbI nFC uI UI b wKLF oOD UM WKDK WObO WFU
wHB dFL UNA
UM D UL d
W F uL WUEM b u_ b
u U UI W
b uM
uI
r UL
D
W W W W W W
UE
bu WuLL w WHK
L UuL s Z UuLL uK b
sJL
UAM w u_ b
UN{d wuJ j
U WU WOM Uu qLF WOHB WOMH UK nOKJ
UD jO wuJ j
w b w WDIM uEML rOUH nOu WKD rKFL nKJ
YU bF rOLB
UM v d( U Xb
b
jO wuJ j)U WOdF d( U/ UJ
wU wIOD UAM
td wuJ j)
b_
rKI wuJ j) wd wu j
WU u/
f rU
s UD) UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
wdF j
w W b
L Ue u dc
UOKL
de wu j v jO wuJ j
u
WObMN WOUM UeU vK wuJ j
U UOM
L ZM
UU&
wuJ j
K tKO eF
tb wb wMH dOF WOLM
UU) _
rdU WObM
WbM
WOLOKF qzUu
UOUH WOUM tOde dUMFU vKL deL wuJ j
d_ u
WDA_ VOU_
jO wuJ j
r w WOU_ UNL WOdF UN dQ D WFd
U?M?OF wd d v jO wuJ d duD du WOHOJ WKD U wKL d
u UAM WUN w u WOO{u udU
w?? d? vK eOd U?O?d? W?U?
? r?d?U? w UNL vK b WKD s VKD
UO UN wd cOHM w W
v U
W?uN nB WbL r WUJ U?C?F UNCF l d j WU D s VKD
WuM u bS p
W?O?u?J? t?U??J? b?
??U? u?Q u
W tLJ UF wM qL cOHM WKD s VKD
UuK UJ_U tUF deL wuJ j
b
U WOd
W U qL WOde
\\ UHB w WIdL
.uI
wK U WE wKLF oOD UM WKD WFU
d_ du
Ue nOu
YO s UNA
UM b WUN w WML D UL d
UL b d UF V UI W
b
UNLK VUD uD b WdFL oU UAM w u ruI b WUF sJL
bOH UE
wzUNM qLF cOHM q
Ud rKI u qL d{
b dOF w VUDK Wd d
WbL w UN{d rKF vK Y w UF iF WUJ seOLL WKD iF nKJ
wuJ j
s uB dUI b vK WKD iF Y
j
w WOMH UL_ U w uU UOMI s UH
rNUL suK u_ UC WKD iF nOKJ sJL
UOUHA s UN{d WIdL WOO{u U ud qOFH
wd wu j
WU u/
UD) rKI j) c U
f rU
s
WOdF dK d UJ
de* wuJ j)U
n_ d( WHK
UJ
de* wuJ j)U
dzb wuJ j)
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
WOMML Wdzb tOuJ WUJ WId ZM
UOKL
WO WIdD WObMN _ b
dzb wuJ j
U U rLB
t c tLOLB uK
UU&
wdF j
UOUL c UJ b WOLM
UU) _
WOA uWObM U
rdK
WDA_ VOU_
UuK uB iF d
j
U b
UuL rKFL cHM
wMML wuJ
.uI
deL wuJ j
r bu
f u WdEM WK_ iF d
wKLF oOD UM WKD WFU
YO s UNA
UM b WUN w WML D UL d
UL b d UF V UI W
b
ld wIOD UAM
d( j)
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
d j
K WdOF UUJ vK dF
d j
b
U vK dF
UOKL
d Yb j
b
U UOM
L rLB
UU&
UO w tOL j
K VUD V Z WuI
VUD b wMH b UO
WOLM
UU) _
A4 U
WOLOKF qzUu
Yb d j
UNO b
uU vK cH UF UL d j
U cHM UIBK
WDA_ VOU_
dE tOL d j
uNH rKFL `{u
s Yb j
WU WId VUDK rKFL `{u
uU eN w Yb j
UL d du d
UNCF l UND u vK WUJ WId tO `O{u
WIU UDD
L s UNKCH w WIdD UO u vK d_ WU vK b WKD s VKD
d
d WUM U w WU tRL qLA Yb j
b
U wM qL
tRLK r
.uI
u WdEM ULK WuM WK dD dE ruI qL
wdF j
WOL
tU WId
rNUL iF wH dF qL D UL_ WObO WFU
W qJ UC d
YU UAM
WOe u_U rd
_ wIOD UAM
WuK dOC
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
we rd w W b
L `D_ U U vK dF
XeU rdK XOUL VA s `D dC
_ b
UM W vK kU
wzUL we rd w W b
L _ u_ sO dH
UU) u* _
U?d? d?H?MK U U ub U A4 U?O?I? X?OUL VA s WFD
WCd
r u?D? UMr u?D? U??M? b?A?K U qLF qbK WuDA WOA lD
l
UL qJA w UL
W w d_ hI r pL
rx UOI U UL
WFD
ub U U
sOMd
WLb
WOMD
UL
WFD
nOEMK wMD
UL
WCd Ud
XOU* VA WFD vK WO Wu dC% uD
`?D?? v?K? u?b_ U XOUL s WFD
b
U D U U?u?L rKFL bI
tK UJ `D wDG v sA
ULI b uL cOHM b p UM n v WFDI d
ULU `D `B v Ue WDu uM e XOUL WFD
UH bF
WKOK
WHKJ WOe u_U suKK eU Wu vK UMKB b
uJ pc
UL
s bAL WuK q eU bAL UuK s d u bu WE
bO ZzU wDF w uUMH U UNKLF sL WOU w (Canvas) eNL UJ
U vK ULI b uD
wA)
U?H UM wU uLM rKFL bI
_ uLM
l? U?F? U?N??O??? W?O??A?
e_ lL
UOI p WLzU
d U s bQ
w b UL WLzUI We b
Ue
UuDA
wA
U uJ pc qJA
qbK
UB bF uDAL U b
f?L?K?L? U? d?N?E? v?? t ULI
WuK `D vK sA
s r s be uD ULI h
d WUL XKD WuK WU U?LK r t{d r ULI u bA U
d s U L I u b e w U U V A
K
W? q? s? rX h?
U?L?I? u? bA U l{
UL qJA w UL ULI U w WuN p
fOUbU X U u ULI u b u
qJA w UL Vu b nBM s WOA
n?B??M?L? s? W?O??A?
? f?O?U?b?U? X?O??? w dL sd sOU vK WIdD c d
q
_ vK UNCF s r[ bF vK fOUb l{u U
K sOUU
d uK bu UN qbK U_ uD p bF
p? W?C?d?F? UdH b
U U_ ub_U ULI s bA s UN bF
W?I s tu c n U bM ZOM U w dL j qJ w UdH s WKu ULK
fUFL UU WKUL WOU
u_ ULI sO WU WI UD u WID c s dG
c? s?u?K?? u?K? b?b?? r?? W?Oe u_U suKK `D vK UMKB b
uJ pc
W UI dL w oODK W uL _ bb D WUAL lUAL t cHM
wO Vu WuK bS WKD uI qCH
.uI
Wu `D rOFM r UL
W?I?? l?{ bF XOUL VA
ub_ U_ U
X??O? ? ? u??D? w?? U?
wA
U vK ULI
s?? X??O? ? ? ? b??? U?L?
nBML
s?u?K? r u b U
b? U?L?I? W?F?D?
v?K dU
dOC
wU wIOD UAM
we duB VOU
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
we suKK WuM VOU vK dF
UNM WuM U vK uB WOHO WOLKF UNUOLL u_ wL
UN b
WOB dD we suK w WKLFL uL _ vK dF
WOLOKF qzUu
WuM WOM bL WOe UuK s WuL d
UMH UL s WO Wu
uL qOUL wMODKH
dOGB WFzU Wu
wU UMHK
UNL uKKu
v
uU UM b
dAU WuK c
q QMK qOK
dOGB WFzU
b w UNULN
ULU UuI
dEWzd
dG_ UNIOI
Wd* tL
WOU
dU v U b
U UN U d w WOU d Wb*
WdOQ UD
s
rd 5J b U Yb r
Ud w UO WFOD s qIM vK jI dBI dOFK WOKOJA WIdD rd s dF
s?J?L? b? v? WdFL rd w WuM VOU_ U u vK D dC s c
VUD UNKO
U w WuFBU fO we rd u{u U
WMO qOJA UJ c X WOzUOLO bOU w WuD WU u s WOe u_ lMB
tJOL
sOMd l wKGL UJ c X s jOK WU{ pMJL sJ VOU w eU U u_
d?? sJ UF d?E?M? rdK wDF Xe s beL WU{ d?? W?u?N UM tKF uK v
q
UH d l dO dEM rdK wDF sOMd s beL u UH
c? d?N?E?L? vK uBK UNUU{ V w ULNM q s W WOLJ rKF Wd l
bd
u?N? Y?O s UNMO UI VOU bF cHML WIU WOe UuK u rKFL dF
U{ dOQWOHK
qJA w WOuK rOIo UG v `UH s UI UdH Ud{
Ud s d v XeU rd bM U WOe WuK cOHM WOU_ _ w UdH
l? s u Ud u qJ uJ q _
UOU uJ WHK
U
Q d X v
u_ WOU_ UJ_ uB s k
we suKU WU
dH UNM uJ w
db UNd qu dF UNWCdF dH
s??J? L? u?K? s? d?O?? W?O?L? q?L?? s? w?
d?O??J? U?U??L?K WCdF WOUM s UNULF
WFOd uD
qLF WIOC UNU vK
d?B?
d?F? WCdF dH s d u
u?K? d?OQ dNE u
UL wDF WIU s
rd sOJ dOQ tUA rd `D vK U{
WU wNM qu UdF dbL dH
suK WUM w WLU dOQ wDF w Wb
UOHK
UL
dOJ r u s b WHK
U W o UL u q
WMuK dL UJL WU vK W b
L UdH r bLF
i?F dF dH u qC s uL UF UuO dF s WuMBL dH dF
q?
W?u?O? d?? U??L? w?D?F? u?L dF ULMO bO qJA uKU kH UK uJ UuO
sL WFHd uL
dF s WuMBL dH sJ Uu{
u?KUM s? W?L?U? d pc WOUMB UO_ u?L?? dF s d u_ w bu
we rdK WUM
UOU uK jK `D
u_ hL YO bF `D uIBL VA
s U uJ bF u UNM bu
c? W bI vK ULF b?M WOU bM d_ UN W wK u? WOUWOe
o UG v `UH s WOU wK u_ Vd
W??O?U? vK W??O?d? u?K? l?{u XU UEM kH
X
u dL UOzUIK uK c `B YO
u WOMH UOLL
we rd 5J
W??O?U?? n?O?E?M qLF UDL VKB s lMB
w qLF sOUJ c iF UNOK uK eL
Vb bF sOJU VUD rd qCH sJ suK
UdHU we rd vK
WOe u_
W???ML WdA V bF u UNM bu
sL WEU UNM sObL uNK sL WBO UNM
WOUF d
sOUMH s bF sL
YU wIOD UAM
UU* suK vuK b
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
WO WIdD WOU b
WuKDL WOuK WUJ b u_ eL
iO_ uK v qB v o UG uK s suK w b
UNUJ nK
L UUL suK vK b
WMU WFO r w WIU UNL lOL nu
UU&
fHMU WI WOLM
WKD bM wMH dOFK WKOu WOe u_ b
vK lOA
UU) u* _
W?O?M?D?
U?L
WFD
WOe u gWO uoU b w UdOC r w WuK
WOU sOMd u_ wd nOEM
_ sdL
oU b w Ub r w WuK vK b c sUL lOL cOHM rO
UUM d d rOI qJA w UL WU U
W v WuK r
iO_ _ b
U sdL c cH
s?O?uK s sOU sOOL WOU j w e r iO_ _ sOuK WOU vK l{
`UH _ ULNMO WDu W UD
sdL cN Ud s d b
_ uKU b U
v qODL c r
r WuK s _ YK w qOD r
`UH _ uKU qODL s wU e u d UdH qODL YK u
iO_ uKU dO_ e u WU UdH r
W?H?O?E?M? U?d?H? s? U?dC WOMDI ULI WFDI UNHH sOMd b
U UdH nE
`? sOFdL sO u_ e
c?N? l??D?U?U?N?I?L?
u?_
U??N? M? b? w?? W?N??K? l?d?
qLF
f?H?M? s?O?O?U?? s?O?F?d?L? s?O? d? w?u? b? v uu U d d UdH nE r
WIUWIdD
uK e s b c dOQ d WuK s bF
WOuK rOIK rK vK XKB b
uJ pc WOu U b w UNOK XKB w WOM
_ uK u t b
r u oL bM wNMiO_`UH s b U fL s uJ
wU sdL
UUL suK
WuK s wU YK vK w WFd WU r WuK fH vK
w?U?
? U? r?d? b? r? W??U?M? U?d? w? uK s WOL l{
r d q qd l vK rBFL Wd U b
WLOI UdC
q?J?A?U UL WIdD fHM WUL suK qL r lUU ldLK lK{
UL
YU sdL
Wdzb UUL suK
r? r? uK w UdH l{ r? o?U? ldL X dz r
WU UI U w vK s b dz nB
dzb s d nBM rd b UdH w d d uK l{
UL qJA k WU UI fJF Wb WDI fH s
suK qLJ v VOd fHM WI UdC WUL qL
ld sdL
UL w dLI r nO
r? l?d?L? b? r? W?D?uL Wb ju uKU b
UdH r uC dz l{ ju w dz qJA iO_ uKU UdH
b?? v?K? q?B? v?? l?d?L? b? o?O?L?G?? b? u? U?NO
UL qJA w UL uKDL
fU) sdL
UNLKF w UOMI UHu WMU WFO r
.uI
YO s WOe u_ WOzUL u_ sO U
W UI WOUHA UH Wd VcL ju
W? b
L d_ W?OzUL u_U WU?
plate u_ q U sO? dH U
WOe u_ w
we suK w W b
L gd UHu wU
u?_U rd dUF nB w WOzUL u_U rd WOMI vK XdF U bF
UL qCH ULN WOe
WU
WOe u_ WOzUL u_
sOMd U Xe wKGL UJ e X UL VcL jOu
W ULK UHK u X
v U UH WFd UH Wd
UH d sOd s UJ c X Wd WIdD X b
UCF UNCF wDG WLF WHO u_ WOzUL u_ UL WOUHA
tS u WU WU vK iO Uu UMF{ Ub wDG WOUHAU
WOzUL u_ fJF UNODG vK u_ dNEd
uK U ULN UI qJ
dO_
WU
ULU W uK l{u nU u pO s uMB WOzUL u b
L XOU
WOe u_ w UL bOU qL rd WU vK XOU l{u
u WUB lML WIdD ZUFL VA
s UD uJ WOe u_ w b
L XOU
bU vK WOU UJ UN dO bO UN l{u p rd UM WKL qN W W WOe
WU
uJ sJL WdD WIO
b WOUI u W v we rd w W b
L gd rIM
U?O_ s uL?
dF s lMB U UNKC db WD WKOD WFd WHK
UJQ
u_ w du UML h w WOUMB
d( UG_ WOU bu
WbO
bu b
bu c UUA oODbF rKF* s l u
WOMODKH WbO UL_ d r v dF -
.UNeO UFL u sO eOL
.WDO UFL d ULF UN VJ
.UFL d UOMI v dF
. U U u rLB
VA
mdH UOMI dF
WdIL WDA_
.UFL vK dD
WOzuC dzU -
VA
mdH
_ UAM
UF* vK dD
UM vK gIM dD
WOU WIKF qL _ wIOD UAM
b_
`U u .dJ b U_ cOHM UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
UOM UNM bOH WOzUeOH WOzULOJ UM u v dF
UM vK gIM w W b
L bF _ v dF
UM WFD
vK VUML rOLB cOHM qI WOHO v dF
UOKL
WO uO tUO w tHu UOM
L ZM
UM vK rOLB cHM
qLFK W _ bF b
UU&
VOd tUEM vK kU
bI
bO qLF d
WFU WOM UL w UHK
L s bOH
UU) _
rOLBU WU WObM
w
o
rK [ pL oO
U lD
d? U?F?L? U??M? s? W?{U?F?? s?J?L?
WObFL Xe `zUH s dbBI q WO w du
oO
U `zUH UL WUG UdAL VK s UNHOEM bF WLbI
WzUD U w d UF u dOu hI WOKL UM c WDO c l uB w
gIMK dOG qO Q qLF Wu Wbb lD
s U w UM vK gIMK pUM
U uB k UM vK
`B aK d vK UN d bF r UO
Wu dO U b
sJL
U pH b
sJL pc d qJ WLM UF qO WDIM pL q WHK
dG cN nU
WuM WOA
wJO wUD uU
nOEMK wK pK lD
VUM U hI
u_ XO gO WUH WOU u
q??
U?N? n?d?F?? U
uL _ bF d
qLFU dUL
qLF qd uD qL lD
d
WDA_ VOU_
UuKF*
dQ uN c w V `zUH w dDK WKUI WDAM WeKH UFL s UM bF
W U eM WOzUL UM Ud UuJ Vd uNU
uIML UM s WFD
XD u L
WU Uu
tJ UC WOzUOLO u WDu dQ
UOC WFDI u `B uKL s WCH e
UM S WCH d uK w nOEM
uJO eOd V WHK
Uu VJ UNS UM oF uK w d WFD
UMD
u r d wM r wM r UOUId uK
tIOF tMuK w dUE c b
sJL c WKOL UudNE dU UM dQ
UNM b dD UOM UM qJA
d UJ_ U_ w WuM Wbb qO w pUMU gIM
aHM VOI dD
VJ Vu
w VB
edL pdOM i U WDu UM vK dH
WCH Vc s uO
UM rOFD XOHJ
nB Wd q UNIOD WOUJ jI VOI gIM dD UOKL v bu c w dDM
U
nB Wd U UAM oOD sJL dD s b c U w
seOLL WKD s WuL qJ bzU
UO dC s UuLL uK UO WU w
WuL UOB
A
_ wIOD UAM
WOU WIKF qL
qLF uD
tOK UUOI l{ WOUM WIKFLK w wDOD
rd uI
lU nB w uB U u{u WFd
r
r
d U UJ UJ sJL
bL u dC UMH UL s UNFOL
wU UAM
WOzuC dzU
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
UdE
WOzuC dzU uNH vK dF
WOzuC dzU UNO b
w sU _ dc
WOzuC dzU cOHM UN s sJL w U U
uL vK dF
WOzuC dzU qL uD vK dF
UOKL
WOde buK mdH WOKL l VUM Wd U
c W
b UNL w WOde bu VUD dH
s UNOK UNIBK UGdH WU VUM UL Slaides WuKL UOUHA VUD hI
nK
UuKF*
XU YO WIU bb d
d Uc bLL WIdF WKOL uMH s WOzuC dzU
U?b? s? U?N?U??
Ucu UNb tu UL UN U
UNLE UI fzUMJ bUFL uBI
YO wUL cN WUML u_ U ud s WFzd OJA vK C odF sH c
s?O?U?M?H? U tb c qOL sH c s uK
fzUMJ bUL q bUFL rEF
W?OUHA UHB s WL WbIL sU wDF UUb dJ b sH c U YO
tH UJL WFO l WLML
odF sH s uM cN U b
WO WOdF d s dB bF d{U UM
w
W?F?O?D UF UNMuK d Ue UNuM UNU eOL UML uBI bUL wH
w? U?H qL bUL w ??L UJL WFOD U?F?? pc tO bzU Wde u dBF
WOzuC dzUU UDGL UH pK bu uBI UML w U pOU UOL UdL
d?NE w? W?OM_ V?u vK? uuL? WOU?e pO?UA? s U? w U?OL?A
wK U L O s O u UL v M L K W U M WKO L u U u U e
_ wIOD UAM
h'U oAF* Ue
UU) _
s?O???? W?u??F wA U U rK
U h Trasing U?H? t
s? u?O? d?A Slides W?U?H? W?u?K? W?O?J??? `?zd
iO d U nOK
d?L W?UL? bb? UM?OK? V U?AM? c oO?D?
WU? W? Wb?L w? XO? w? U S? UN?OK? qL?F
W U u u
ld qJ q UAM cN VUM r
UN?OK rd? r WUL? c UO
f?HM W
h?I UMS?Wdz
`O{u? WuKD?L WU?L l VU?M W?UM Wd?e ULO?LB
U?N?F r w sO u q
s UUeN w Wde UNOK udL W
u lC UF
wP ULO sO u UL UNOK jGC WDu uD
bb uI r wA
U q
5 W WOKL `{u u 5 vK eU' q UJ bb Wde bb% WOKL
5J WDu
b?u? u? u?u?L? U?U??L? W? v?K qLF Wde bb WOKL UL bF U U
pUL u
UUD p bu c sO nOK uO lu r r s dAL WDu WOde
wQ ULO `{u u UL U UL tUH bF hK
nOEM WOde bu s q U qJA sO W r U UL h UH bF UFU
wQ ULO `{u u UL Ue u WdHL UUL
eN c qLFK u
wU wIOD UAM
WuK* UOUHA udJ bU WOzuC dzU
UU) _
U rK
hI Slides WUH WuK WOJ `zddA U ud uI ud
uJOKO d uJOKO lU ud w U iO d
bu u
s WOde
U _
qOL d qU qLF p d UL W v uLM c dJ sJL WE
UNM UNOK uuL WObMN UGdH WudJK U UL
WIUD WKUL ud WFD
qL sJL YO
sON s qUH c s UH uJ YO WUFL WN s UNIB uK_ fHM
sO u ULuL q sO WObF qu l{ WFO WOA U w u_ c XO r r
w qJA w
eU u qUH qJ
YU UAM
VA) mdH
mdH .d hIU VA) qOJA
b_
UAM c WU2 bF VUD s l u
WUML UA_ UHu WOu v dF
UAM c cOHM uD qd v dF
W b
L _ v dF
oBK rd
hI UL_ WHK
UOMI v dF
UN b
UM W s _ bu
UOd _ b
UN sI
cHM UOM
ULOLB dJ
VODA UM qLF w W
b WUEM wd
UU&
bI bO qLF d
WbO d iF WU vK UH
w wdF d bI
bON9
sOUAM w dDM WOFOD WOUMB UA_ rd
hIU qOJA UOKLF b
d u rK sO tJL d c UJK_ VA u WOUMB UA_ s u v sOOU
UA_ s dO s eOL WOUL hzUB s t lL UL ue VA u WOFOD UA_ s
WOFOD
_ wIOD UAM
UJK_ VA WOUMB UA_ bU qOJA
UU) _
bze lDI s UH sJL YO oO
d UJK_ VA s WHK
UUL WOA lD
du VJL bu
q nU wA
U_ UUI WKLNL lDI UM qUA s
sze
UOHK
UBM bO rd
UAM
Artic tool
ud
eU rO UB UL
iO d u WI U
lOLKK gO dKOwA U U
jd Wd XO t eK
WuM WOA U d UL W uU Wb b
U rK
qLF WId
WKD vK dF tM udL bzUH cOHM dL qLF WFOD WdE t bIL rKFL uI
UN u UI bFL eU ULM iF t _ t b
L uL
WKD rOI l UAMK wKLF oOD WId UU rO UB iF tKD vK rKFL dF
l?DI c oOAF lOL WOHO UOd wMH qLF UNU w lDI b V UuL v
UCF UNCF l
YO UuLL vK UNu r?OLB WUL WLzL WOA
UUL lD
UO r
lDI `D_ b cHM WuL q
rOLB WUD udJ u UMOF WOA
lDI vK rOLB qI WId WKDK `{u
c? b?? u? d? U?N?O?K? o?H?? eOL U l{u mdH w?K?b? r?d?
? oUM b
oUML
d? r?? U?L??L uUA WDu dOG VI qLF mdH r?d?
oUM VI
t rd
UAM qB U p We b
U VA
s ULL
w? q?B?M? q?b? i??I?L? s? b?OF dD u UAML s qBM wd b dd r
b l d d qBM jd VI
cOHMK WdI rO UB
cOHMK WdI rO UB
ULOLBK WdI U/
.uI
dEM ruI
tKd qLF uD _ UL u WK
wKLF ruI
q?u hI UN W
rNz WFU WE wKLF oOD UM UuLL sO u
W U M L W F d W c G r b I W F u L U d r O F M
VKG W?OHO rN w U?uFB iF s WuL? q b WKD? UL dF
UN O K
UO wO UA
cOHM UJ s rOLB qLF D rKFL nKJ
wU wIOD UAM
ue VA WOFOD UA_ bU qOJA
UH s Wu UL WbO WOMH UG_ U w W b
L UA_ s ue VA dF
UNM eOL cN tKR
rdJ dI w Ud WU d w dLFL U_ s dF
Ud tUH l t W VUM U b v VK
Wc UNu tc w WKOL UIdF
tKOJA WuN s be w ue vK u
su uL w sODK U w dJ du
tUC td dUM s dM U WFOD u d b dF
t bI tdN tOL ld
u dJU U
wMODKH U wDF
s WOOz UOKL vK bLF UNK ue UG_ UL UJ b X{d c UMUA w
UC
tUU oU UAMK WNUA tb wQ oBK rd
hI rOLB
UU) _
U uB k dUML w UI dC rK pL ue VA s `zd
bO rd
UAM
WOU{ B
iO d
jOD
K wMO d
dU uK suK
WKK UNO WObF WIK U
pUA
rK \ pL bI WA wzUdN bI
Wd t eK b jd
dO dMO WK dJ lOL U WK
dHMK WU WOzUdN W WHK
dLM d
qLF WId
U?N??E rNM VKD UObL UJ_ WHK
WuGA UL WKD vK rKFL dF
U b WDO UNKL WId WKDK rKFL sO UcOHM WOHO `O{u
bN p v
s rKFL VKD
UA?J rO?LB? WK?D
s? c?O?H?M? d?L q?L?F?K?
U? ?O?d?? V?U?D?? U?J???
hI mdH UM qLF jd pUL ULC rOLB e UU sO q UI UI d{
hI rd
UM uGAL pUL rOLB w d_ sO qu UI UI d{ vK
UNA
UM UAJ c rKFL lU
tu
suJ UL YO s
qu UI
WObOL oOKF WDI
d u
UB UI dNE WIKF u
d( cOHM dL rOLB vK UH r
WU?D? ud?J u?e? V?A `?zd l?u? rK?FL? uI?
mdH oUM bb l rOLB
mdH oUM w VI qL rK UO
WAd wzUdNJ bILU
b b t eKL vK jdLU WUD vK WdA XO
U
UU vDu mdH oUM s sOzb Q
mdH WOKLF
j??
? h??
r??? W??u?K?D?L? U?U??L? m?d?H? s? U?N?? b?F?
WOzd WdA WFD
s td qJAK (outline) wU
d WDu uBIL wA
uGAL `D rOFM r
fK rU `D `B rUM r s sA
UNO Wbb W
F l{u oOKFK bL WIDML s tIOKF VI
V Wd V p qLF WFD
vK u_ uD
U ud iF UC
dJL rOLB
OK
tO UC c dJK lOLK U w WIOKF fLG
f?L? s?J?L Ub WOKL w qON te s qOKIK dM s
WUL d WI vK uBK d b WIOKF
lL w oUML nEM dOG pH UI u WDu
d b dJK U UNO
n b u bL WIOKF d
WU U
UM? D rK?FL lU? qLF W?Id UC w?U uL? vK qL?F WId r?KFL c?HM
WKD UN UL vK W U ZzUBM wDF qLF
UOFL bO dJK U WOUH bI v R U u_ w lOLKU uGAL U
qU qJA WdA VA
WFD
s UH qCH VA
vK rOLB WU q
lU d c s dHM UOKL UM bbA d
bN fHM dJK U b ULU nH
L dG b
sJL
.uI
dEM ruI
tKd qLF uD _ UL u WK
wKLF ruI
rOFM hI UN W
rNz WFU WE wKLF oOD UM UuLL sO u
WUML WFd WcG rbI WF uLU fODF
i?F? s? W??u?L??? q? b???? W??K??D? U?L?? d?
UNOK VKG WOHO rN w UuFB
wO UA
d?_U? V?U?D? r? W?O?b? W?I?KF qLF WKD rKFL nKJ
q?J?A? w? U?L oBK rd
hI uKQ WeOK WOdF
UL
wdF sH aU WU bu
d UF*
bu b
bu c UUA oODbF rKF* s l u
WOdF WOKOJA U W
DU XU w dE v dF
WOKOJA uMH w dA b b
sO
dAL sOOKOJA sOUMH s b v dF
WOMODKH WOKOJA Wd UL v dF
WOdF WOKOJA Ud v dF
dF sOOMODKH sOOKOJA d iF UL v dF
WOdF WOMu WUIU tU eF
WdIL WDA_
WO
U W bI
dA
duB rd w dA
WOdF w u
dA uUM
wKOJA dA ZzU s
WOdF WOKOJA Ud
WOMODKH WOKOJA Wd
U? w WOKOJA Ud
wdF su
WLU
_ UAM
dA
W bIL
U? e? d? s?L?{ u?F?A? l?
u? W?{ WO
U WIOI bFL tUL wMH b fJF
UMwLKF
bI WOUL WUB
WOUO U{_ WOd bIFL UJL
dUFL wdF wKOJA sH UN d w qdLK W{ u qOJA UMMJL WO
U lzU
u c v
d? v? d?A? s? U?? dI WUN cM WOdF U UN d w WOUO dE dI b r
sdAF dI
UOId UO wU
w wdF su q U vK dA U dI nBM cM wULF rJ b
WbMN uMH U w WOd dOQ b wFOD sL pc wdF dGL W UMU
dOQ b ULMO uOULF UNLJ w w bOUI UF v WOd UL_ WULFL
wdF dGL W w w wb_
X?K? v? U?U? bN w tu wdF w sHU UNUC WOULF Wb XM
vK tUOK qJ fJF c nFC UD bN
u?D? b?N?A? U? X?U? q?U?I?L?U? U?N WFU WOdF
U?N?d?D?O? l?O?u q s fUM U?O?UI U?O?LK U?d?J
s UNUBU XMJL WUB
WOUO VUJL U
s? w?U?F? X?U? w?? WOdF w wULF rUI
eOL I b WOdG WUI X{d c wUI ud
W?U? U?b? XM w WOUD
WLU UID b
duB rd XM ULF uM s uL UUI
u?K?? w?zU?L?M?O?? q?O??L?? U?M?G? h
d dL
l?L???L? U?I?? W?U? v? q?B Wb WOUI dOG
s? uMJL sc U_ sOUMH U{ vK U?MO dOQ dUL
W?U?{ d?OOG WbU sdQ WOdF WUI bu
U
s? s?O?F?b?L? W??u? v? p?c uLC WOc rNUb
rEF uB Wdd u d V
UF r tuKQ q ULF b W rNU
s? h?K
s sJL r UN s?d?A?F? d?I nBM w wUO UNI vK WOdF b
UNOK dHL wUI
w?? u?M?H? u?K?F? U?F?L? s? WuL vK b w dA s dA WLK XI
w WLd Y od s UNUUI UNU UNUG WO
dA uFA s UNOK uB sJ
s? b?b?F? d?N? t? WO
dA WUIU UL mK YO dA lU dI w WuLK dU
d UA dA WFO w Y VJ
WOIOuL WO_ WOMH UL_ w dA UOU qL tS dA w UNK U
rNUL w d{U dA U UL dAU sOOLU UL_ c U sJ r WdJH
v?? b?B?
s?c? WUd r wdF rUF s WOdG WO_ rOUHL suJ rU s
b?K WOdG WOUI buI U p v n{ dA lU dI UM WO sU _
?? w? w?UO dJF uHM r?
] l?L???L UI WU w UNKGKG WULF
rNd rNdN bb dH U rNH uO_ uOKOJA b d WN s WOdF
U?L?F?L? d?? l?z u?H?A?? rNUOMI rNFO{u dJ d UNM uU w qKL WU s
w wdF wMH
duB rd w dA
W?O?U?I?? U??L? d?u?B?? r?d? d?A?? o??
fL cM WOUD WCNM bN w uK UL
bI d_
w?_ d?u?B?? s VOU UOMI uD l p d
sH W WU WO
dA WOMH UCU WdFL uD
Yb jOu rbI dA uM w
l? X?M? e? w?? W?OdF w Wd_ UUA
W?O?L?KF d UOU WdOA WULF L
WO
dA UC u pH U U uN s UNI U
U?b? d?A? l?U?? dI s dO_ YK w b WLbI
U? r?K? w? W?O
dA WOMH UFL edL v sdAF dI
u vK WO
dA WOdG U uL w UOUK uIM
X?H?A?? W?O?
d?A? U?C? U dG WUI XDI wUU
WOdFL UNOUH
U?L?K??L? s?O? U?I? v?K? u w WOUL w
dA sH Wu dS dA rU bI
w dA sc uUMH q WO uMH w wUL dJH b WO
_ WOUL
b? v?K? cLK b
WO{UL dI w bOUI UF uID U_ WO rUF rNUu
dUFL wdF wKOJA sH sO
dAL s dO b
l?
u? s? d?? t?O? m?U?? qJA dA s WOc tuB oK dA wUM iF
c e b
rNUO
UUJF XU UL l
u w UNd r w rd dG Uu bI
s? b?b?F? q?L? W?O WOzU u vK ULU bM fU U rd w UuK
. dA v rdH UM rNF WOduuH rN sOUMH
fd bOH
David Roberts
(1796-1864)UM
v t& wUDd
U dA(1838U
eO9 UA dB w
UN WOMH tUL dJ
qF qJA YU bFK
dO U_ UU*
Wd{ q u WUF
tUu vK wHC
uL
wUDd U wUDd gO uU sc sObMuU dF w wMH dA j
wJU nu dN rd UOKOJA
UUM sO s d WbMu uI XL{ YO 1941 U
r?N?K?L? W?OMH rNUUA V sOUMH R dN U b
UuU ULU nu
c bG w UB WeOKJ WbMu WUBU
wKOJA sH dNE r WOU{ UNO wMH dA U uKF X UL WOdF de t U
.sdAF dI s wU nBM w Yb
s?O?
d?AL sOUMH s dO
b? U?O?I?d U
UL w WF
u wdF dGL XDI
d?A?L? d?G?L? w? e?OLL UC UA fb_ s sOIKDM UNI UM q?
J.P u?K?K?M?d? dOO sO wUDd UF nRL YU uN XOE bI u U wdF
W?O?d?? U?N?M? f?O?Q vK qL u UC d d Y?O? 1934 U Green Lew
.bF ULO WKOL uMH WOK u XKJ w d WOK UA r WOMH
wdF dG* w 5dA* 5UMH s
Ferdina d sO uJO bUM dO
Victor-Eugene Dolacraix:
d??F 1832 U? w?dF dGL 1798-1863 w??d UM
r?d? w? W?O??U? d? s? oKD rUF w Yb sH s
q?F? w?M?H? Y?b??? w tU u eOLL tULF sJ
wdF sO WLOL W
F duB w d WOUD dOQ tUuK
tUB
bO dF 1869-1954 Ud Henri Matisse fOU dM
w? W?OUD WbL s u u_
sH
Jean Leon Gerome d??O? u?O? U?
u UMHK UU
U 1904 - 1824 Ud
Paul De Laroche s?? ?
OBHU UL w WOLU_ tId tM
U? U? U? w?MH qLFK WOzUNM ULK
tUd s d b
eOL
UU
WOF
d tU u b WO UD
_ w UOK WbOKI wuM vK tFO{u ed dA w
W? U?J?d 1847-1928 Fredrick Arthur Bridgman U?L? b?d? d? pbd
duB eOL WOUD WdU dQ s u nAJ 1866 U fU w sH U U
1873-1928 U dB UNOu WU w Wdze UOK WOUM W v oO
b
5dA* 5UMH UL ZzU s
W?O? ? W?OdF WULFL WbMN rUFL WOzd WO
U ozU sO
dAL sOUMH Uu dF
c? X?
u? w? W?O?U?L? bOUI UF iF U_ u_ dI bL UJ
tu UMH tO e
Y?b?? s?H? U?O?MI ndF WOdF v Wb WOKOJA WOMH d
U qI
WOdG WOMH Ud
WKOL uMH fb WBB
L bUFL UOKJ UF U UA r
W?d?K WOU_ uM suJ r wdF su w WKOL uMH UOK bUF w fb
Wb WOdF WOKOJA
dF sOUMH s d qO WU r
rUF u vK UNI w WdL tzUD wUI wdF d WUC WOUL WOUM rOOI
WOdF WOKOJA U
sO
dA VU cU WU WO sdAF dI Wb v v_ WOdF WOKOJA U uF
e sdAF dI nBM w WOdF rEF I bF sOUM dF sOUMH s bF
U w sH Wb WKD s UuL b WOMu URL UM UNU UL U uJ
UNUF U w fbK VU_ cU_ s b Xb UL WKOL uMH UOK bUF X
.UM WOKL w U cQ WBB
L Uu uF UL
wdF wKOJA sHK qz_ d
r?N?M? i?F?? d?c? w?HJM dUFL wKOJA sH s dO bQ wdF su de
rNOUQ dQ VU cU b vK cLK sc uUMH r d .dB UL qO vK
w?K?O?J?A? sH qIL U_ d uF{ WOdF WOKOJA WdK Wb u uKL WOMH
sOUMH sH WUd WU ed UOFL u WOdF UF U w cU bL wdF
WI UO_ v WOMH rNOU uKI
wU UAM
WOMODKH WOKOJA Wd(
UNM vU w WO
U dOGL WOuB v uF WOMODKH WOKOJA Wd W
D dQ
U?d uH v U_ sOUMH sOHIL ULC sdAF dI Wb cM wMODKH VFA
sOOduuI_ sOUMH s duB rd rKF dE rN XU WKOK
W b p r W UIL
w?M?H? d?? d?O?Q? p? v? n?{ W?O??O??L? U?u?I?_ W?U?M?B? uBB
L uUMH r
W?O?FO dUM sLCL sOUMH R U vK WbOKI WOFA uMH wdF w ULFL
U? W??J? q??
s?O?D??K? w? s?J? r? W?O?M?b? s?U _ WOF lO{u tO
U UOB
t U
V?? W?O?M?H? U?L?_ d?F? X?U? W?O?B?
? U?F WOMH UL d U
WuM WOb U{dF VU v Wb U w WMOF UUM
dc qz_ sOUMH s
U U
U U wu mUB uI
U?u Z tOe u_ qLF U?d
U?u? d?_ f?zU?M?J?K? WU WOuI
n?K
r WOFO dUM t U WFOD
tb tUS Wdu oOu UMH U
mUB s
b??F? U?? U?M?H?
W?O?MI WOMH WOUM s tUS U?
uH U
WdA* d
B W
b uLO sI qJA WOFO dUM U
r
UMHWOFO dUM WOO WOM Uu WuI_ r wK qOK UMH
bF vHwIOu wF
tuK U WO
U b UOB
r uLO
WOFO WO
U UOB
WOF lO{u XL Wb WOMH _ XKLF
U?? w? b? U?L? U?M?H? d? b
nd UIU vB
_ bL XL UL t U
wLU_ lUD UNU vK VKG dB w X VL WLUWde WOIOD uMH
b? s?O?D?K XL
ULK U? W??J? b?F? W?O?MODKH WOKOJA Wd XLIjO
w?? U??L? W?O?d?F? ?? w? e? W?O?dG WHC sODK qOK w tAL WUM VuL
w?M?O?D?KH qOJA d b
WFB UUJ dE r sH Wb oKDM sO XKI
W?O? u?I? W?O?b? U?B?L? X?u?M? w?M?O?D?KH VFA UNU w wPL UUFL s p bF
eOL UOKOJA UM uM c s Z uOMODKH uOKOJA UNO U
w WMJ _ uM WOBB
t{Q tU WO uI WOuB
W?O?K?O?J?A?? W?d?? b?z u?L? q?O?U?L? U?M?H? dF
UMK l{u rU YO WJM U bF dUFL WOMODKH
dOF s sJL WMOMODKH WOKOJA Wd UL v_
WMb w U t dF cM WFL UUF s
b??
p?? s?? q??? _ U??L? t??U??M?H? t?? q?I? e?
_ w UDL ULNdI
s U Uu w vHDB UMH d
q?L?J? q??
t?O?M?L? t?? b?
WUI dF sOOKOJA d
t?u?K?Q? U?N?O?u?B? U?? _ d?A? U?N?u? q?B? W?b
s? d?B? w? W?O?MODKH UQL uD wUu
dLRL w U b
rd v u r tU XM
U sOOMODKH sOOKOJA sOUMH U WOOQ
WO V; WLU U dF sOOKJA U
e uKQ dQ rUF v tU UB UML tUO v{ bI wKF wU UMH U
b w d W{ t u w WKEM WOB
UNb w WOB
A U b
dOUJUJ s w
WOLUF WOdF
rNM dc rUF w oUML v w sOOMODKH sOOKOJA UL lOL UB UMMJL
b??wb dUe b qOK w
bU
U?U?U? r?O?d?U?D?I? WHC w
b UBwMGL q UdLM
WLe rOd uF vM UA w
W UL wKud Ud
d XM rd w wMODKH qOJA
Y?O? U?U?F?L? s? W?
U? WuHF d _ Wb w
v? b?d??? v? W?O?F?
u? WOKO s oKD
WO r
wUA WUJ b dU v?? u?? W??U?? W??? b??? b??L? V?O?U?
d?U?M? rd u WOMH rNdOF U?d?
? u?O?MODKH uOKOJA tO b c e d WOUd
We u ULFU _U WDd WMOF
u{u tU UB s sJL WOLUF WOdF WU vK u wMODKH qOJA X bI
tdO qLJO wuuMJ wMH uD Vu U
pOJ wUN WOMODKH WUMH UL s U9 dO WOMODKH WUMH UL s WOe
uL qOUL wMODKH UMH UL s
F d wMODKH UMH UL s
YU UAM
wdF su w WOKOJA Ud(
dB w WOKOJA Wd(
u?? U dUI w uMH Wb Wb XA YO WOdF XI
W?O?M?H WCNM v WU{U c Wde r
ULF r
XM r
rd r
U
WF
w? WOFL XQ bI. d?B?L wKOJA sH W
DU XUWbMJ WMb UNbN w
c? U
uL UMH UNd UdB bO d _ XL{ U WKOL uMH
X?L?N? U?L? sH w WO uI w tub XM U w eOL ULB d
wb fU dF w WUAL rN XUQ sOUMH WUd WdBL W uJ
U
t?U?L? e?O?L? dB w d sOUMH d s U
uL UMH dF
U??M? U?J? W?O?F?O??D? U?O?? s?O? W?I?O?u? W?
?F? d?NE U lUD WOMH
dB rOK WO W?O?F?
u? b?L?? W??H dL qJ qO_ tuL c
b
UH
tUL_ UuK bd
s? W?I???ML WOUL rOIU WKL WFOD u bI q U nu UMH U
W?F?O??D?K? d?u?B? w? W?O??U? d? t??e UO V UMH bWdBL WO
U?? u?M? W?O?M?H? U?U?L?? u?N? X?FUWOFA lO{uL WdBL
b?F u? U?O?I? W?O? u?I? s?H? s?O? W?
?F? b?u wKOJA
.rOKFU UN
U dL dd UL WOMH VcL
eOL WOud UC d s UN
DU WdBL Wd WOuB sLJ
ld W U
uL .UN eOL UFU c
Wb WOMH VcL WUJ d dC WO
U* d
Wu WOKOJA Wd(
jA sdAF dI s UOMO qz w wdH b d b
aU w WIOL Uc bL w WOKL WUI WOdG u WUI sO dB
Wb WOKOJA uMH Wb WOD UF s dOJ WO_ b Xc
UO lL W?OLU_ WObL UeM U? WOMH UUM? XuM pc
WdF Ud rU
uKO UUO bu Wd w v bF UOMI WHK
WOM
U w? Uu t?bN w?UL? wM d?F
ULMO WKOL uMHK WOdF WOFL tH UF w XQ
dI s UMO w oA WF U WKOL uMH WOK XQ
rdL s p q
WOMH Wd XDA YO sdAF
UAK WOMH VuL qI XM w edL WU
U oOu UMH Uu w d sOUMH s
Uu wUO R `?? W?O?M?H? tUL w U?O?K?O U?u?K? b?L c
W?O?I?A? b? U?O_ WOFOD dUML r tb vK cLK w WUM WOMH UO wMH Wd
wdF aU w WKUH UFL
u?d?? qLF wKOJA sH dL sO tu bF bI uF u Uu b UMH
bOF UMH b eOLL ULNUL WOde ULNuM WO WOdF UOULU UuH U
WGOB v dDH sH s WOuM WKIM - uL UMH- sO
WOMH rNUU w dUFL wUL f sOu sOOKOJA s bbF dN WOLU_ WONML
bL V WOMH UL_ UM w WOU_ dUMFK rbOQ wde d s rdOF
W?u??H?L? d??L WOd u w X U Wu WOKOJA WOMH Wd dUFL WOKOJA
wMI wKJA wLOUHL uM vK
U?N??e? W?dC WUL tUu UL - w??O?K?B qOK UMH
W?O?u?K? U?
?F? d?O? q?J?A? t? b?I? c? n?O?Q?? l? W?I q UF u WOuK
.bL
b U WUMH
d? s? wN WO
d vK uDM w UL_ s dOL jLM X b
WO_ WOMH Wd(
ULOK sb UO{ UMH dF dUFL sH WQ WNu w WOdF U s nK
b?? WO_ UO s WHK
lO{u r b
dUFL WKdL D Wb q_ wd u
Wd_ l
uLU UOKO
UFU
qL U u WdI WMbL w WOFOD dUML rNUC w
wUM w_ dL UMHUNe w d WOe u_ b
U w t dF U
UOO w WOKOJA Wd(
? W?O? ? l?zU?M?B? u?M?H? W?b? v?K? u?O?U?D? d?DO
WbOKI rNuM vK uOOK kU U cM UOO w rbu
XKI bF WOUD uMHU dQL ULFL rNb v WU{U
UOO tO bL
s?O? u?O?K?O?J?A? uUMH lL WOMH Wd XDA U UOO
r?N?M? d? W?Oc WOb rNU w Wb u_
r?U?I? u? w?U?_ b?L ndA bNL UMH
U??F?? X?D?A? w?I vK U bL d
UFO
UM UNu bF ZM WO_ b v UC WOb
s? WuL b vK U sO Ud U fQ
t???F? s? U bF wdGL dUD UMH td r uN
UOO wUd d b wK UMH l UFU WKOL uMH dz f WOb
b W O U L U F b u M H d z X U
W d w K u d L w u W H O K w U F
UMMJL sO?UMHK WO?Kb UuJL? s dF UO? UM ZM W?OUI Wd? XDA WO?M ezu
W?OM UL U v u?UMH wF q? w UL Wb W?O_ bL VcL U?U e
W b W O M H U O U s d Q w O K lL L l U q L
wu qOJA
W?O?
d?A?? d?E?M? s? U?F?? Wb cM wu UMH vF
vO UMH dN tUOMI tUUL tU tu XuM WOdG
a? w?M?H uLCLK Wu rOI u_ uD
U U?O wd
fu qO VO(
v? U?L??U? WOKL WOUI WOd w qOJA Ud UL UMH
s d w fu Wb WUL dN dOIH UID rU
w?J?L? r?U? U?M?H? l? U? c? W?O?U? W?O?UL WOu d WO
tu
K VO UMH U Wbd WOd v wd UN
fu wd UN
w wde uL sO jd sdAF dI s UMO w
wdF g
d s UIKDM WObM WLUM U
d wdF j
UUJ G
I wc dOF Wd s UU rUF w dOGL WuL wu wKOJA vF bI
d?N?L? U?? U?M?H? U?d? WOH WUMH tK b s VM WUMH q wMH qLFK wKJA
sOUMH s WuL bF WuMFL t s bOF
wdF dK WOKOJA UUJ dN c
WO U w l
u s
wu uL d s qOUL UMH q
b pc Wb s WU WUd fu w vE U qJA uMH ULF dcU db
.bd hO
A sO UdOF
Ud wH
WuML WOKOJA UL_U de UN{UF UNHU
dze' w qOJA
v? rNK U Xu sc qC s uU dze w U uOdG UIM iF bN
Ub
bL UOU dOQ UNO b pc sOOdG sOUMH d dze XDI bI
d?ze?? s?H?K? W?OU_ WL sJ UNKLQ uMH XM ULF U w WOdG
r bL d?u?D?? d?ze?? u?U?M? r?U UL qO_ w sH lUM UL w sLJ Yb
Wd WdF rNu rNzUL s rNU d WOde WbMN UF wdF d qJ
W?O??F?A? U?e? U?O?_ W?OFOD dUML r c r bL UMH dcU h
U sO t{UF XKI WOLU UObO d Wde WLMLM uM w d XeU
WbOKI WbL U s bF WOdF
lL WOb_ vIOuLU dQ tOu nK
L wKOJA sH d UL bL UMH
UH rz w wdF dU pL bb UJ UdU sOC
UM sOU sO
W?O?d?G? UC Ub vK duB w WOUD WbLU dQ WOdG UC Ub vK
u U Ud sJ WOUL lO{uL WOFOD dUMLK duB w WOUD WbLU dQ
WOKOJA uMHK wMu U fOQ w rU tU s dOJ vK WO Wde s tOK
WOLUF WOUL UFL s bbF w U U
b w wd UMH b vK cLK WOMH UOB
A s bbF d U s vHDB
uG w b b
WOde uMHK UOId UL WOFL f e
WUM s sLd
.WO Wde UC w
W9U)
od w U WNUA d rNFL wdF rUF w sOOKOJA d o UL ZM
WUM u uMJL WUH WOM UU vK p U WOMH rNOB
oOI v bN b
u?L?C?L? q?JA l q UF w rNOuB rN XU WKuD rNK UM bF WOLU WOKOJA
wc rdOF s
l Ub
U?HOu d w WKLL UJ_ n wdF UMH k qJA l q UF
uu tUA WOu{uL WOFA WG UIS UJ_ c UNOK X U
w d UI vK td
UM sO wd qJA l q UF d XHK b
WOd WOde buI We d WOF
u sO
UJ_ c u s rNM wMH tKL w UN b
w UL Ue vK vI s rNML d
wdF j
l q UF vK t uI oDM bb d sL{ UN b
WOde
b?u? u?M?H? s eOL w WOB
A WU_ s wdF UMH YuLCL l q UF
U?M?H? q? c?J? W?O?d?F? W? _ u?F tAOF c uLCL tO b w d
sO lL
WOKL Ue WOFA u d q WOF
dUMF UN tbd WOKOJA dUM b wdF
WU
UNNJ Uc UN WOLK UL nRO
U? u? e? d? v? u??K? w WIOL W rNb dF sOUMH s bbF o U v n{
uMJL lLL _U WDdL WOHUF rNdOF s U
D WOF UBB
UdJ Ubd
U?N?zu?? W?O?M WGO bM uHI r rNUUF rNUI l U UO s WOc rNdOF w
.UNFuD
Y??? v? u?I?K?D?M?O? W?I? UO_ U odD wdF wKOJA sHK qz_ d bN bI
rUF v WO U rNU UB odD uKLJ Vd
.uI WK
WOdG WUI WOdF UFLL XKI UL
dA w UNK u U dA vMF U
wdF rUF v u
dAL uUMH c UL
rd d r s u
dAL uUMH UD nO
ULtUu p sO
dAL sOUMH s
WOL Ud uM W wKOJA dA ZzU v n{
sOOMODK sOOKOJA sOUM d WOMODKH WOKOJA Wd UL u U V
w UNA
U WOKOJA UuK u vK uB Ubu w rNzUL d r
p
pLKF l tA
U WOdF b w WOKOJA Wd tO UM dB
U V
pz
WbI
VUK Z d b bI uU U w U tO qu c wuuMJ uDK dE
bN X
u du qLF rNOK qN wN uLLBL UN uI w UL_ s dOJ uI w
WuM UJ ZM
(Corel Draw qu Z Ud v qbL c sOLKFL WKD b sO lC UM c
(Adobe Photoshop) uuu Z Ud
bu b
bu c UUA oOD bF rKF* s l u
UdE
UNU b
WUL rOLB Z d vK dF
`O q U qJA Z Ud WNu WOzd e_ vK dF
sOF rOLB UN b
O w _ vK dF
U nKL UL_ kH WOHO vK dF
UOKL
oOD UM UNLKF w rOLB f wd
`O qJA rOLB Z d b
U WdIL WDA_ oOD uI
WdIL WDA_
(Corel Drow) qu Z Ud
(Adobe Photoshop) uuu Z Ud -
_ UAM
qu ZUd
Corel Draw
U U
_
CoreL Draw Z Ud e uUUN
UEL WUJ U d
U rK
d rK
Floppy d d
b Corel Draw) Z Ud rOKF U d
iO A
UuKF*
d?N? Y?O? ? WUb vMF bI w dO t U duOLJ dFL s Wb
dO WOL Z Ud cN sJ r YO sOF rOLB U vK sOLLBL bUL WBB
Ud
?D? b?U?
`? b c (Windows) q?O?G?A?? Z? U?d? u?N? q
eOL d_U
WOLOLB UO d
s? t?u UL uUK UuM u
rd Z d d s b Corel Draw Z? Ud dF
UNu w u d ud s dO b d s UJ_ U b
WKN r
tJ
j?O?? r? s? b?? o?zU? b Wd WuN lOD Corel Draw b?
??U UC
U??H? b? v?K? b?L bIF WOUO u WOKOBH UU dA b WH vK jD
UuDL L q
rO UB w UNU{ dL WOU
uB WU{ w UbU UOKLF c
V?U?D? U?N?U??O w _ Corel DrawZ? U?d? e? s? q? U? d? wK U w
WdDL WDA oODUM
ZUd ` WOHO
dOQ r r s tb w Corel DrawZ Ud tO e c uU UN qOGA r
vK u (Corel DrawWuL Q ULK Z UdK WU
WuIvK
Corel Draw
Corel Photo Paint
Corel 3D dream
cU q nBML w UuI W uN l Z Ud UMb dNE YO sOd UNOK jGC
dNEO uD
c d bF (Enter) U UH New Graphic WuI vK dRM
wK ULO sO u UL q U qJA Z Ud UMb
uMF dD
WU dOGB dOJ s UMMJL WUA sOL vK uuL `OUHLU nKL uM vK u
qLF kH bF UN
Z Ud
`zuK jd
hzUB
s b oOD s UMMJL jd dNE Ub vK jGC bM `zuK UL sLC
(Windows) UEM Z d lOL w bu u rOLB rd UM bUL
rd cU
UCO WHB UND w WUA s dOJ iO_ e w
WUD WH
UNU q s W
u WU VUM UOI UNO rOLB WLd l{ r
u_ jd
W?O?U?
? u?D?
? U?U??L? suK WOKL w UbU u_ s b? j?d?A? c UM bI
UJ
WE
(Mouse)QH U vK jGC r s qJA sOF qb s WU suK
u_ jd s U
c uK vK UU
v?K? j?G?C?U? u?K? U??
r s qJA sOF qJAK WOU
uD
suK
QH sOL sOL
WOI WuU WU uD
Q?H? o?d? s? V?? w rOLB UJ r bb w UbU dU s U w
U?H?? l bd c l
uL v j
V r s dDL WU vK QHU jGCU p
U?
_ l?
u? U? u?d? b?b?? W?O?K?L? w? U?C? U?b?U UN YO d_ QH vK jGCU
wK ULO `{u u UL d_ UHB w dIL ULKJ
u ld
WE
Y?O? s?O?OU sOd tH j
vK jGCU p UN qLF UN bM uD
c UG r
Delete c WLK vK jGCU UNzUG r uD
cN U
u ld dNE
`OUHL Wu w uuL Delete c WLK od s uD
c UG UC sJL
uuL WuLF WOI_ uD
lOL c u ld s Clear WLK UOU sJL
rOLB WH vK
_ jd
rOLB rd WOKL w UbU w WOU_ _ s b vK jdA c u
qJ q U `O{u wK ULO
wK ULO UbU _ c Pick tool bb dIM
UNMOOF UuLL dUMF bb
V?? U?M?UM w bu UO sOKODL sc qb WU WU UM sJL
rOLB
Uud uBK dJ aM
UId UM
l? U?U?? b?Q? V??? r? QH vK jGCU uB v U od s
wK ULO `{u u UL QH sOL vK ld jGC r s jGC dL
wK ULO UbU _ c
wK U vK LF U_ sOU
wK U vK _ c UbU
r?d? r?K?
q?L qLF w d UJ rd _ c (Free hand) d? rd
wKLF oOD s UNOKU b k sJL
wDF w rd WOKL w UbU :(Bezier tool) bLL WOMML uD
r
.wKLF oOD UM p WE sJL QHK UMJd WOHO V UM UNLd w uD
K
UN sL _ s o U s nK
(Artistic media tool) wMH j
r
d_ _ w u UL QH U vK quL jGC WDu WHB vK UuD r sJL
WUA U vK uuL `O{u
UJ_ U ud vK dOU dDOdL_ ldL w uuL _ b vK jGC bM
dOQ c vK WK wK ULO dC_ ldL w uuL
WOU UJ rd
nB WK s
w dA U(
x Wb x
WE
Z Ud WId fHM tF qUH hM ld q uB WU{ sJL
(Microsoft Word)
w?? WIdDU uB u hM UH UO cQ p r YO
`?{u? u? U?L? W?U?A? v?K? w? j?d?A? s? U?U?O?? s Ubd
wKULO
w _ w
U w WL qJ _ UO
bF wDF _ c (Extrude tool)
._ qOFH WId
f?H? U?U?D? b?d? d? W?U?? w? t?F{u sOF e s dJ dL uK UB vK qLF
QHU jGC r (Paintbucket tool) d_ _ vK U od s uK s Wb
UNO uK WU{ bd w WUL vK
wKU vK LF U_ UU
UHB b jd
`{u u UL WOUL UHB s b rOLB (Corel Draw) Z Ud s sJL YO
wK ULO
WdI* WDA_
w DK WdIL WDA_ d r o U vK Vb oOD WOKL UL bF
Postar WO uK s dA rOLB
VUD UO s u{uL U rOLBUOU
qLF uD
bb WH ` (Corel Draw) Z Ud qOGA r
i?F? W?U?{ l? Z? U?d? WH vK UO bF UNOd uI WOUML uB UO bF
WO WK _ w UL o UL VUD UNLKF w UOMI
WE
WLK UOU qLF kH uI uD b bF nKL vK rOLBK wKLF oOD bF
UO UDI s Uu qLF s uD
s b bF p (File) _ jd s (Save)
.uI
q WK d dEM
Corel Draw Z Ud U b
w U
Corel Draw Z Ud WU e d
Z Ud WHB WOU u UC UM sJL nO
Corel Draw Z Ud WH vK uuL uBdOJ d b
wKLF
WbLK UF rOLB q u{u UOU rKFL uI
(Corel Draw) Z Ud b
U rOLB c oOD D vK
wU UAM
uuu ZUd
Adobe Photoshop
b_
UdE
(panels) WbML UuK vK dF
UNKL UuI_ iF vK dF
UOKL
WbML UuK qL d
WuK dUM vK UuI_ qL d
uU WDu UOM
L rLB
UOUFH
WOMH UL_ w rOLB Z d UOuuMJ d
uUU eML WOMH UL_ bI
UuKF*
UOuuMJ Y w (Abobe Photoshope) uuu Z Ud vK pdF bF
u?B? W??U?F? r?O?L?B?? w? W?O?M?I?? c? Z Ud c b
pUJ S U dUF nB w
UCF UNCF u tUH UI UN vK uBM uB l q UF uN UNIOM uBM
UNF q UF WOHO UID cN nzUu iF vK Z Ud c w dF
W??L? zU?
s? p? U?U?N? W?O?H?O? (Tools) _ j??d?? s?? d?U?F? n?B? w? X?L?K?F?
c w edM UNd XL
UNM q qL vK UC XdF(Tools Window)
q?L?F? UuI b UNO Uu s U w w (Palettes) W?bML UuK vK nB
d? p?O? W?b?ML WOOzd rzuI s UNOK uB sJL w d _ s b? dB
qJA
WLNL UuK c iF
oeML rN od s tO rJ r WF WOUHA b (2) r
d?IM U U?e d?I? t?O?K? d?I?M? b?M? tKbF pc r WU sJL WuK r (4)r
WLzUI
d?BM vK dRL c Vd r
(Add alayer Style) d?OQ WuI (9)r
bb WI w(Text) h
UNHK w UID d v WID c w dUMF UH r UNOK dIM bM sOF WuI (10) r
W O U UNO K dI MU q HI pH
.(Paths) UL Wu
r? U?L? w r?J? t?LN?L? Wu?K c? W?D?u? sJL
WID c `B WI s d vK UNIOD tMOF UOMM U
s (Pentool) r?K?I W?Du? U? r?d u?I U? b?M W?UF?
WDu UL c qbF sJL (Toolbox) _ bM
w rJ? WDu U?LK Wu?JL UI?M w dNE? w iU?IL
r??K?I? t?u??I? v?K? d??L???L?? j?G?C? s?? U?U?N? s??J?L? i?U??I?L?
r U?U jG?C l V? r? WDI?M s rN? c d?I rJ? i?UI U?N (Pentoel)
UL
( P a t h T o o l S e l e c t i o n ) u_ rN WDu UL lOL pd sJL
_ WLzU
s
UNKH w w UuI_ Vd vMM qLF p WuK c Vd r
(style) eU ULM Wu
WF UNU{ sJL w eU ULM s WuL UM
WI u WU{ sJL bL WUL WID
vK dIM r WID uB sOOF bF p UuL UNKF
UNO uLM WOL sJL cU d
O(NeW style)
uLM c r WuK d w UuI_ s pc
r?
W?I?D vK uLM dOQ c bb uL WU{
(style)Wu u p Vd
qLF uD
w uU d w UJ s Uc (Open File) s u ` r
wzuC `UL od s UNU Z Ud
dNE (Pentool) r?KI vK dIM WO{UL WM w UNLKF w _ WLzU
s
U qJA w UL (path)UO
jdA c s U
YO UO
jd
(Ctrl+V) U
`OUHL Wu s (Paste) oB U
(Edit) dd WLzU
s
paint Buckel) WF WDu UNKLUbF uI r bb WI dd uI WOHK qLF
V?U?M?L? Z?b?? U?O? U?O?? sJL YO (Gradiant Tool) (Tool
jGC l V r tuK `D vK dIMU p
u_ Wd pc ZbK uL s d Vd r
U?I??D? W?L?zU?
s? p? u?K? u?D? U?N?U?S? u?I? u?B? n?K? W?O?H?K?
? WI l{u
`OUHL Wu s (Ctrl+ ) Arrange (Send Backward VOd Layer)
j?G?C? U?I??D? d? v? UNU (Ctrl+]] ) `?O?U?H?L? W?u? s? U? ? u?D? W?I??D rbI
(Shift+Ctrl+]] ) jGC W bIL w U UNK(Shift+Ctrl+)
(Tool Box) _ bM s (Text) hM U
uBM iF WUJ
WE
qOGA Z Ud w uuL (Fonts) uD
nK w XL j
U Z Ud c VJ
u UO UM vMM v uD
s WOU tuL XO sL s tS c (Windows)
tOK WUJ bd c UJL vK QHU dIM r rOLBK VUML (Font)j
W?U?? U?M??K? c?N? U?N?OK WUJ l{ bb WI S Z Ud uI WUJ bM
WUJK bb WI
tL pc tUL tu j
u (Options) UO d
WUJ vK dIM bM
UNFOL UNd b
U oOM s tHK
UL WHB w WUJ VOd pc
vK dIM r tUF j
WI qF j
vK dOQ qLF
UL qJA w UL WLzU
d
dL dI tuI_
f l rML dOQ d j
vK UO
c dOQ d
rOLB
wIOD sd9
wFO dEM d WOHK v UNOHK dO pu US r
WOdF ld*
d bM wK dUI dJH tUI u
wUL wUI U WOdF WOD
WUJ
XuJUuDL WU nOH rU u nOQ
UM rKI g rU
s wuJ wdF j
UM wdF bzd U{ bL aOA wdF j
WU
W?U?n?O?H? r?U? u? w?U?L?? w?U?I?? U? W?O?d?F? W?OD
WUJ
XuJ UuDL
lu dAMK dOL / sO bL u uMH fb d
WUDK WOMu WRL /qObMO rOKF WOd w ruI U VOU
dAM
UMO s WJ / UUMbNL rd s rOKF
dAM WUDK Wb WJL / ou bOL rd nO
rON /d buO suK rd Wuu
WUDK dB /ULVD
wLUF sH lz
dAM luK fU
WOU U wKb rOLB
// aU bF w_ u_ bd
bG / bOF s dU wKOJA sH u
oA /UJ wMN nOH/ Yb sH w WO WOUL d
sODK/ F d v_ WM qOJA WK
WOF U Vd / d U rUF w rd uM b
dA f U
bF WOU WM WULFL uMH uJ WK
dO WOF U Vd /fOU dM WOKOJA uMH Wuu
oA UJ /wMN nOH ULF sH aU
UNM U sJL WOdJ U uKFL WJ vK l
u
www.jehat.com
middle-east-online
culture@albayan.co.ae
alwatan.com
fonon.com
monif@hotmail.com
al-jazirah.com.sa
altashkeely.com
shabiba.com
orientalist art.net
sudanartists.org
modern art from the arab world wijdan ali
mafhoum.com
faculty.uaeu.ac.ae
univers-art.arabfunart.com
nizwa.com
islamonline.net/arabic/arts/
saadialkabi.com
arabenewal.com
arabian creativity.com
qLF c U$ w rU
tK bL -