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Abstract- This paper presents an application of fuzzy not improve damping, and under certain critical
control to determine the control signal of static Var situations, may amplify the power oscillations. Therefore
compensator (SVC) for improvement of power system the additional control must be implemented so that the
stability. SVC is a shunt type FACTS device which is terminal voltage of the SVC is allowed to vary.
used in power system primarily for the purpose of voltage The variations must be such that damping torque or
and reactive power control. A fuzzy logic based accelerating power are provided as needed to reduce the
supplementary controller for static Var compensator oscillation of real power flow and provides damping
(SVC) is developed which is used for damping the rotor enhancement to the electric power system. Both the
angle oscillations and to improve the transient stability of developed and developing countries may find uses for
the power system. Generator speed and the electrical these new devices. While perhaps less restricted by space
power are chosen as input signals for the fuzzy logic or permission to build a transmission line, the developing
controller (FLC). The nonlinear fuzzy logic controller is world is short of capital resources [11-17].
used to overcome the problems generated by different If an investment in FACTS solves a transmission
uncertainties existing in power systems when designing overloading problems without the need of a new
electromechanical oscillation damping controllers. transmission line, precious capital resources can be
Generator speed and its derivative are used to design the utilized elsewhere. The use of FACTS devices for this
controller. The control signal is calculated using fuzzy purpose is becoming increasingly attractive. FACTS have
membership functions. The effectiveness and feasibility attracted many researches worldwide using this new
of the proposed control method is demonstrated by single technology for power system transient stability
machine infinite (SMIB) system and multi machine enhancement. It encompasses traditional PID [3],
system. transient energy function [4], variable structure system [5,
6], eigen sensitivity [7], robust control [8] and fuzzy
Keywords: Fuzzy Logic Control, SVC, Transient control [9, 10].
Stability, PID Controller, Power Oscillations Damping. This paper present a method based on fuzzy logic
control for SVC controller which damp out the
I. INTRODUCTION oscillations at a faster rate. Global input signals such as
The challenge facing power system engineers today is machine speed () and electrical power (Pe) are given as
to use the existing transmission facilities to greater effect. input to the fuzzy controller.
Transient stability analysis is considered when the power
system is confronted with large disturbances. Sudden II. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR
change in load, generation or transmission system The Static Var Compensator is basically a shunt
configuration due to fault or switching is examples of connected variable Var generator whose output is
large disturbances. Power system should retain its adjusted to exchange capacitive or inductive current to the
synchronism during and after all these kind of system. One of the most widely used configurations of the
disturbances. Therefore the transient stability is an SVC is the FC-TCR type in which a Fixed Capacitor
important security in power system design. So FACTS (FC) is connected in parallel with Thyristor Controlled
has come to help the power system engineer [1, 2]. Reactor (TCR). The model of SVC is shown in Figure 1.
FACTS are a new emerging technology which uses The SVC characteristics is shown in Figure 2. The
power electronic controlled devices to enhance existing magnitude of the SVC is inductive admittance BL ( ) is
transmission capability. a function of the firing angle and is given as
The SVC is one of the important FACTS devices
2 2 sin 2
whose effectiveness for voltage control is well known. BL ( ) (1)
The SVC in voltage control mode only, however, does XS
89
International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Iss. 13, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 2012
NB NS Z PS PB
90
International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Iss. 13, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 2012
SVC
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International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Iss. 13, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 2012
.6
.55
with both PID and FLC based SVC controller. For
.5
0.95
with FLC based SVC controller are plotted. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
92
International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Iss. 13, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 2012
0.8
1.04
0.6
0.4
0.2
1
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
0.95 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Figure 17. Control of BSVC for FLC SVC and loading conditions of 1.5 pu
Figure 13. SVC voltage in pu fault with PID for 3-phase fault at bus 7
VI. CONCLUSIONS
0.03
APPENDICES
-0.5
-1
Appendix 1. Modeling of Power System Components
Generator: The generator is represented by third order
-1.5 model comprising the electromechanical swing
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
equation and generator internal voltage equations are [10]:
1
Figure 15. Control of BSVC with fuzzy based SVC for 3-phase fault at bus 7
( Pm G K d Pe ) (4)
1
M
1
0.8 Eq ( E fd ( xd xd )id Eq ) (5)
Tdo
0.6
where,
0.4
: Rotor angle in degrees
0.2 Pm: Mechanical power developed by the generator
0
Kd: Damping constant of the generator
Pe: Electrical Power delivered in pu
Xd, Xq: Direct and quadrature axis reactance of the
-0.2
-0.4
generator in pu
-0.6 Ed, Eq: Direct and quadrature axis voltages behind
-0.8
the transient reactance in pu
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Figure 16. Control of BSVC for PID-SVC and loading conditions of 1.5 pu
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International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Iss. 13, Vol. 4, No. 4, Dec. 2012
Appendix 2. Solution for Multimachine Systems by Fuzzy Logic Based SVC Stabilizer, Asia Pacific.
m IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and
Pei Ei E j Yij cos(ij i j ) (6) Exhibition, Vol. 3, pp. 1542-1547, Oct. 2002.
j 1 [12] D.Z. Fang, Y.X. Dong, T.S. Chung, K.P. Wong,
H i d 2 i m Adaptive Fuzzy Logic SVC Damping Controller Using
Pmi Ei E j Yij cos( ij i j )
(7) Strategy of Oscillation Energy Descent, IEEE
f 0 dt 2 j 1
Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.
1414-1421, Aug. 2004.
Appendix 3. System Data [13] K.L. Lo, K. Laiq, Fuzzy Logic Based SVC for
Synchronous Machine Data: Power System Transient Stability Enhancement,
X d 1.8, X d 0.3, X d 0.15 International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation
X q 1.8, X q 0.0, X q 0.15 and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT
2000), pp. 453- 458, April 2000.
Tdo 6.0, Tdo
0.04 [14] P.K. Dash, S. Mishra, Damping of Multimodal
Tqo 0.2, Tqo
0.0 Power System Oscillations by FACTS Devices Using
Nonlinear Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Controller, Electric
H 4, K d 0.0
Power Systems Research, Vol. 25, pp. 481-490, 2003.
R 0.002, X1 0.0 [15] N. Midhulananthan, C.A. Canizares, Comparison of
PSS, SVC and STATCOM Controllers for Damping
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on Power Systems, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 524-535, May BIOGRAPHIES
1991. Srihari Punnepalli was born in
[5] E.H. Zhou, Application of Static Var Compensator to Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, 1985.
Increase Power System Damping, IEEE Transactions on He received the B.Tech. degree in
Power Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, May 1993. Electrical and Electronics Engineering
[6] M.E. Aboul-Ela, A.A. Sallam, J.D. Mc Calley, et al., and the M.Tech. degree in Electrical
Damping Controller Design for Power System Power Engineering from University of
Oscillation Using Global Signals, IEEE Transactions on JNTU, India in 2007 and 2012,
Power Systems, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 767-773, 1996. respectively. Currently, he is an
[7] Y. Chang, Z. Xu, A Novel SVC Supplementary Assistant Professor in Electrical and Electronics
Controllers Based on Wide Area Signals, Electric Power Department, PBR VITS, Kavali, SPSR Nellore, A.P,
Systems Research, Vol. 77, pp. 1569-1574, 2007. India.
[8] Q. Gu, A. Pandey, S.K. Starrett, Fuzzy Logic
Control Schemes for Static VAR Compensator to Control Gaddam Srinivasulu Reddy was born
System Damping Using Global Signal, Electric Power in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India,
Systems Research, Vol. 67, pp. 115-122, 2003. 1977. He received the B.Tech. degree
[9] J. Lu, M.H. Nehrir, D.A. Pierre, A Fuzzy Logic in Electrical and Electronics
Based Adaptive Damping Controller for Static VAR Engineering and the M.Tech. degree in
Compensator, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. Power System Operation and Control
68, pp. 113-118, 2004. from S.V. University, Tirupati, in 1999
[10] T. Hiyama, W. Hubbi, T.H. Ortmayer, Fuzzy Logic and 2001, respectively and presently
Control Scheme with Variable Gain for Static Var pursuing Ph.D. in JNTU, Hyderabad. He is working as
Compensator to Enhance Power System Stability, IEEE Associate Professor in Department of Electrical and
Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, Feb. Electronics Engineering, Narayana Engineering College,
1999. Nellore, India. He has published 6 international journal
[11] K. Phorang, M. Leelajindakraireak, Y. Mizutani, papers and 3 international conference papers.
Damping Improvement of Oscillation in Power System
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