d) inferential statistics.

Multiple-Choice e) descriptive statistics.

Exam Questions
The designation preceding each question
(e.g., Ch 1.1) indicates the chapter and
section of the text that the question draws
upon. Separate test items for the same
section of the text are distinguished by
letters. For example, Ch 1.5A is the first
test item pertaining to Chapter 1, Section 4,
and Ch 1.5B is the second item pertaining
to that section. You will probably want to
delete these designations from your exam.
The signs below indicate correct an-
swers.
Chapter 1: Statistics and
Variables
Ch 1.1
1. A research calculated the
percentages of students who are
female at a sample of colleges and
universities. The unit of analysis
in this study was:
a) females.
b) gender.
c) the college or university.
d) percentages.
e) a sample.
Ch 1.3
3. A parameter is to a statistic as:
a) collectively exhaustive is to
mutually exclusive.
b) discrete is to continuous.
c) a nominal variable is to an
ordinal variable.
d) a population is to a sample.
e) descriptive statistics is to
inferential statistics.
Ch 1.5A
4. The General Social Survey asked
respondents the meanings of each
of ten words. The variable
#CRCT.WORD reports the number
of correct answers. The level of
measurement of this variable is:
a) nominal.
b) ordinal.
c) interval/ratio.
d) none of the above.
e) can't tell because there is not
enough information.

Ch 1.2
2. Generalizing from a survey of
American colleges and universities
to all American colleges and
universities is an example of:
a) measurement.
b) a continuous variable.
c) a census.
Ch 1.5B
5. The General Social Survey asked
respondents to assess their own
health as excellent, good, fair, or
poor. The level of measurement of
this variable is:
a) nominal.
b) ordinal.
c) interval/ratio.
d) none of the above.
e) can't tell because there is not
enough information.
Ch 1.5C
6. The General Social Survey asked
respondents what region of the
country they lived in at age 16.
The level of measurement of this
variable is:
a) nominal.
b) ordinal.
c) interval/ratio.
d) none of the above.
e) can't tell because there is not
enough information.
Ch 1.6A
7. Suppose that a researcher
conducting a survey asks
respondents their annual incomes
using these values: $20,000 or less,
$20,000 thru $60,000; $60,000 or
more. A problem with this set of
values is that:
a) they are measured at the
nominal level.
b) they are not continuous.
c) they are population data.
d) they are not collectively
exhaustive.
e) they are not mutually
exclusive.
Ch 1.6B
8. Which of the following sets of
categories is not collectively
exhaustive?
a) Frequency of newspaper
reading: Daily; Few times a
week; Once a week; Less
often; Never.
b) Favorite TV shows: Drama;
Comedy; Sports.
c) Employment status:
Employed; Not employed.
d) Self-reported health:
Excellent; Good; Fair; Poor.
e) Education: Years of school
completed.
Ch 1.9A
9. The CIAs World Factbook summa-
rizes information about each
country. Information for each
country includes such variables as
population size, gross national
product, and mortality rates.
Variables described in the World
Factbook are:
a) nominal variables.
b) discrete variables.
c) dichotomous variables.
d) ecological variables.
e) bivariate.
Ch 1.9B
10. Consider the argument: "States
with higher percentages of drivers
under 20 years old have more
pickup trucks per 1,000
population. Therefore, pickup
trucks are mostly driven by
teenagers. This argument:

a) uses discrete data.

b) uses inferential statistics.
c) is not collectively exhaustive.
d) involves an ecological fallacy.
e) uses multivariate analysis.
Chapter 2: Frequency and Ch 2.3
14. Consider this table:
Percentage Distributions
Table 2.4. Self-Reported Health
Ch 2.2A (in percentages)
11. We often use percentages because:
a) percentages are more Health Percent
scientific. Excellent 30.2
b) percentages are more precise. Good 47.4
c) percentages are presentation
Fair 17.0
quality.
Poor 5.4
d) percentages make
comparisons easier. Total 100.0
e) percentages are collectively (N) (493)
exhaustive.

Which of the following is true?

Ch 2.2B a) The cumulative percentage
12. Compared with a small sample, a who report at least good health
large sample has percentages that is 77.6.
are: b) A spot map would be a good
a) more discrete. way to display these
b) more ecological. percentages.
c) more cumulative. c) The frequency is too small for
d) more reliable. stable percentages.
e) more interval/ratio. d) All of the above.
e) None of the above.

Ch 2.2C, 12.4
13. We can assess the stability or
reliability of percentages by
considering:
a) the total number of cases on
which percentages are based.
b) the size of the percentage.
c) inferential statistics.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 2.5
15. If values are not mutually exclusive
and collectively exhaustive:
a) the variable is a subset.
b) the researcher commits an
ecological fallacy.
c) percentages will not sum to
100.
d) the variable is continuous.
e) all of the above.
Ch 2.7 Ch 2.9
16. A researcher interested in 19. A bar graph is a useful way to spot:
variations in Asian Americans a) significant digits.
political attitudes restricted her b) aggregate data.
analysis to only Asian Americans c) outliers.
in the General Social Survey. The d) none of the above.
Asian Americans that she analyzed e) any of the above.
are:
a) a subset.
b) outliers. Ch 2.10
c) discrete. 20. In maps showing the distribution
d) missing data. of a variable across the 50
e) ecological. American states, a
researcher can reduce the visual
effect of differences in geographic
Ch 2.8A size by using:
17. Generally, ordinal variables are best a) an area map.
displayed visually with: b) a spot map.
a) cumulative percentages. c) a continuous variable.
b) collapsed values. d) a discrete variable.
c) pie charts. e) raw data.
d) bar graphs.
e) subsets.

Ch 2.8B
18. In a bar graph:
a) the width of bars should
reflect the number of cases.
b) values of ordinal variables
should usually be listed from
tallest to shortest.
c) the vertical axis should
usually begin at zero if possible.
d) none of the above.
e) all of the above.
Chapter 3: Averages d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 3.1A
21. A mode:
Ch 3.4B
b) can be found only for discrete 25. Means can be greatly influenced by:
variables.
b) is usually less than the mean. a) outliers.
c) is the value of the most b) the sum of squares.
frequently occurring score. c) interval/ratio variables.
d) is usually less for ordinal d) all of the above.
than for interval/ratio variables. e) none of the above.
e) is useful only for symmetrical
variables.
Ch 3.4C
26. Which of the following always
Ch 3.1B produces the smallest sum of
22. A distribution that has one "hump" squares?
is: a) the mode.
a) symmetrical. b) the median.
b) dichotomous. c) the mean.
c) unimodal. d) a symmetrical distribution.
d) skewed. e) a bimodal distribution.
e) ecological.

Ch 3.5
Ch 3.3 27. The variable LIKESCI reports
23. Consider these scores: 0, 3, 1, 5, 1. whether students like or do not like
The mean is: science. Like science is coded 1
and does not like science is
a) 1.
coded 0. If 75 percent of the
b) 2.
students at a school like science,
c) 3.
the mean is:
d) 5.
e) none of the above. a) 0.
b) .25.
c) .50.
Ch 3.4A d) .75
24. The median is less sensitive than e) 1.00.

the mean to:

c) the skewness of a variable. Ch 3.6A

a) the sum of squares. 28. In a symmetric, unimodal
b) dichotomous variables. distribution:
 a) the median equals the mean.
b) the mode equals the median.
c) the mean equals the mode.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above

Ch 3.6B
29. The mean years of the GSS variable
AGE KD BRN is higher than the
median, so we know that the
distribution of respondents age
when first child was born is:
a) collapsed.
b) normal.
c) leptokurtic.
d) bimodal.
e) positively skewed.

Ch 3 (throughout)
30. Missing data should be included
when finding:
a) the mode.
b) the median.
c) the mean.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Chapter 4: Measures of
Variation
Ch 4.1A
31. The variance measures deviation
around the:
a) mode.
b) median.
c) mean.
d) sum of squares.
e) standard deviation.
Ch 4.1B
32. The variance:
a) is the square of the standard
deviation.
b) can be 0.
c) is never negative.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 4.3A
33. The number of standard deviations
a score lies from the mean is:
a) the cases Z-score.
b) the cases kurtosis.
c) the standard error.
d) the confidence interval.
e) the sampling distribution.
Ch 4.3B
34. Z-scores for a variable:
a) are normally distributed.
b) have a standard deviation of
0.
c) sum to zero.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 4.4
35. All normal distributions:
a) have a mean of 1.
b) have sampling distributions.
c) are symmetrical.
d) all of the above
e) none of the above.
Ch 4.5A
36. The standard deviation of a
sampling distribution:
a) applies only to population
data.
b) can be larger than the
standard deviation for the
population.
c) is the sum of squares.
d) is the standard error.
e) is always greater than 1.
Ch 4.5B
37. The central limit theorem tells us
that the larger the size of a sample,
then:
a) the smaller the variance.
b) the smaller the standard error.
c) the less the mean.
d) the greater the standard
score.
e) the more skewed the variable.
Ch 4.5C
38. The central limit theorem tells us
that the larger the size of a sample,
the closer the standard error is to:
 a) the populations standard
error.
b) the mean.
c) .
d) 1.00.
e) the standard score.

Ch 4.6A
39. If the 95 percent confidence interval
is between 2.5 and 2.7, we know
that:
a) the distribution is normal.
b) the standard error is .2
c) the distribution is symmetric.
d) 95 percent of the samples
scores are between 2.5 and 2.7.
e) the mean is 2.6.

Ch 4.6B
40. A 99 percent confidence interval
includes

_________

number of scores than/as a 95

percent confidence interval.
a) a smaller
b) the same
c) a larger
d) a more normal
e) a more standardized
Chapter 5: Cross-Tabulation

Ch 5.1 Ch 5.2B
41. The row and column totals in a 44. Consider this table:

bivariate frequency table are: Table 2. Legalization of

Marijuana
b) outliers. by Gender (in
c) the differences between percentages)
highest and lowest frequencies.
a) marginals.
Gender
d) cell frequencies.
e) the dependent variable.
Marijuana Opinion Male
Female
Should Be Legal 38 30
Ch 5.2A, 5.3A
42. If columns of a percentage table are Should Not Be Legal 62 70
very different from one another, Total 100 100
then: (N) (792)
a) the variables are related. (988)
b) the relationship between the
variables is causal. The independent variable in this
c) the relationship is table is:
asymmetric.
a) opinion about legalization of
d) the relationship is symmetric.
marijuana.
e) any of the above.
b) male.
c) gender.
d) should be legal.
Ch 5.2B
e) none of the above.
43. In a bivariate percentage table:
Ch 5.3B
a) the independent variable
45. The table in the previous question
must be the column variable. shows that the relationship
b) percentages usually are between marijuana opinion and
calculated within categories of gender is:
the independent
a) nonexistent
variable.
b) weak.
c) data must be sample data
c) strong.
rather than population data.
d) aggregate.
d) variables are usually
e) curvilinear.
dichotomized.
e) the independent variable
usually has more values than
the dependent variable.
 Ch 5.3C
46. Consider this table based on
Ch 5.3D
General Social Survey data:
47. The larger the percentage
Table 45. Change in Financial difference(s) across categories of
Situation the independent variable:
by Family Income (in a) the weaker the relationship
percentages)
between two variables.
b) the stronger the relationship
Financial Family Income between two variables.
c) the less likely the researcher is
Situation Low Medium to commit an ecological fallacy.
High d) the more likely the
Better 29 49 relationship is positive.
66 e) the more likely that the
The Same 43 37 independent and dependent
variables' marginals are dif-
27
ferent.
Worse 28 14
Total 100 100
100 Ch 5.3E, 5.4A
(N) (888) (938) 48. The relationship between two
(619) ordinal variables can be:
a) positive.
The relationship between change in b) strong.
c) curvilinear.
financial situation and family income
d) all of the above.
is:
e) none of the above.
a) strong.
b) positive.
c) monotonic. Ch 5.4B
d) All of the above. 49. If a relationship is strongly
e) None of the above. positive, we know that:
a) there is a causal relationship
between the variables.
b) the column marginals are
skewed.
c) the N is large.
d) there are few cases in the
diagonal.
 e) high dependent variable
scores are associated with high
independent variable scores.

Ch 5.8 (throughout)
50. If there is no association between
two variables in a bivariate
percentage table, then:
a) the row and column
marginals are the same.
b) most cases lie on the diagonal
c) the N is small.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Chapter 6: The Chi-Square
Test of Statistical Significance
Ch 6.1A
51. Which of the following risks a Type
II error?
a) Rejecting a null hypothesis
that is true.
b) Rejecting a null hypothesis
that is false.
c) Not rejecting a null
hypothesis that is true.
d) Not rejecting a null
hypothesis that is false.
e) All of the above.
Ch 6.1B
52. The probability of committing a
Type I error is:
a) the level of significance.
b) always less than the
probability of a Type II error.
c) 1.00 minus the probability of
committing a Type II error.
d) equal to the standard error.
e) usually equal to the level of
measurement.
Ch 6.2A
53. Degrees of freedom associated with
chi square depend on:
a) the number of rows and the
number of columns.
b) the total number of cases (N).
c) the strength of the
relationship.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 6.2B
54. If two variables in a table are
completely unrelated, then:
a) chi square is negative.
b) chi square = 0.000.
c) chi square is positive.
d) the null hypothesis is
rejected.
e) expected frequencies are
greater than observed
frequencies.
Ch 6.2C
55. The probability associated with a
given chi square depends on:
a) the total number of cases (N).
b) the strength of the
relationship.
c) the degrees of freedom.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 6.2D
56. For a given bivariate table, which of
the following probabilities would
be associated with the largest chi
square?
a) .001
b) .05
c) .10
d) Depends on which variable is
the independent variable
e) None of the above
Ch 6.2E
57. Which of the following
probabilities indicates a
 relationship that is not statistically 60. A researcher who concludes that a
significant? relationship is statistically
a) .001 significant:
b) .01 a) risks a Type II error.
c) .05 b) avoids a Type I error.
d) .10 c) concludes that the
e) Can't tell because statistical relationship is causal.
significance depends on degrees d) rejects the null hypothesis.
of freedom e) concludes that the
relationship is substantively
important.
Ch 6.3
58. If expected frequencies are less
than 5:
a) the variables are measured at
the interval/ratio level.
b) the chi-square test may be
inappropriate.
c) the variables have the same
marginal distributions.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.

Ch 6.4
59. A researcher finds two variables
strongly related but a chi-square
test indicates that the relationship
is not statistically significant. The
researcher probably has:
a) a small N.
b ) two dependent variables.
c) two variables that are
substantively but not causally
related.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.

Ch 6 (throughout)
Chapter 7: Measures of Ch 7.3B
64. If every category of an independent
Association for Cross-
variable has the same median on
Tabulations the dependent variable, then:
a) lambda = 1.00.
Ch 7.1, 7.2A
b) lambda = 0.00.
61. Most "well-behaved" measures of
c) lambda = 1.00
association for nominal variables d) any of the above.
e) none of the above.
range from:

a) 0 to 1.
b) 1 to 1. Ch 7.5
c) 0 to N. 65. If all cases lie in the diagonal of a
d) r to c. square table showing a negative
e) r 1 to c 1. relationship, then:
a) gamma = 1.00.
b) gamma = 0.00.
Ch 7.2B c) gamma = 1.00
62. Phi can be regarded as a special d) any of the above.
case of: e) none of the above.
a) lambda
b) V.
c) the median. Ch 7.6
d) gamma. 66. The magnitude of Somers Dyx can
e) Somer's D. never be less than:
a) 1.00.
b) 0.
Ch 7.3A c) Lambda.
63. The median is used to predict d) Somers Dxy.
dependent variable scores with e) Gamma.
which of the following measures of
association?
a) V. Ch 7.2
b) lambda. 67. If both the independent variables
c) gamma. and dependent variable are
d) all of the above. dichotomous, then:
e) none of the above. a) phi = V.
b) Dyx = Dxy
c) phi = lambda
d) there are tied pairs.
e) the relationship is symmetric
Ch 7 (throughout)
68. A small measure of association
implies that:
a. the relationship is statistically
significant.
b. the relationship is not
statistically significant.
c. the table is small.
d. the relationship is weak.
e. the relationship is
asymmetric.

Ch 7.8 (throughout)
69. Which of the following measures of
association is not a PRE measure?
a) V
b) Lambda
c) Gamma
d) Dyx
e). Dxy

Ch 7.8 (throughout)
70. Which of the following is a
symmetric measure of association?
a) V
b) Lambda
c) Gamma
d) Somer's Dyx
e) None of the above.
Chapter 8: Comparison of
Means and t Test
Ch 8.1A
71. Comparison of means and the t test
are usually used with:
a) any dependent and
independent variables.
b) a dichotomous independent
variable and a dichotomous
dependent variable.
c) a dichotomous independent
variable and an interval/ratio
dependent
variable.
d) an interval/ratio independent
variable and a dichotomous
dependent
variable.
e) two interval/ratio variables.
Ch 8.1B
71. In a box-and-whiskers diagram, the
standard deviations of the
independent variable
scores are indicated by:
a) the lines in the centers of
boxes.
b) the length of whiskers.
c) the size of the dots used for
data points.
d) the lengths of boxes.
e) none of the above.
Ch 8.2A
73. As the number of cases decreases,
the standard error of the sampling
distribution for the difference
between means becomes:
a) more normal.
b) smaller.
c) larger.
d) closer to the mean.
e) closer to the population
standard deviation.
Ch 8.2B
74. The sampling distribution for the
difference between means becomes
closer to normal as:
a) homoscedasticity increases.
b) the confidence interval
increases.
c) the distribution becomes more
unimodal.
d) the distribution becomes
more two-tailed.
e) the number of cases increases.
Ch 8.2C
75. If t = 0.000, then:
a) the dependent variable is
unrelated to the independent
variable.
b) the standard deviations of
dependent variable scores are
the same for all independent
variable categories.
c) the relationship is statistically
significant.
d) the means are different from
one another.
e) the relationship between the
variables is causal.
Ch 8.3A
76. Among the assumptions
Ch 8.4B
underlying a t test is/are:
79. A significance level of .005 for a
a) the dependent variable is one-tailed test corresponds to
skewed. which significance level for a two-
b) categories of the independent tailed test?
variable have variances equal to a) .00
0. b) .0025
c) the dependent variable is c) .01
interval/ratio. d) .10
d) all of the above. e) 1.00
e) none of the above.

Ch 8.5
Ch 8.3B 80. If a 95 percent confidence interval
77. Even if the difference between
means is large, a t test will not includes a 0 difference between
indicate statistically significant means, then:
results if:
a) a t test for the difference
a) the means are very small.
between means indicates
b) the N is very small.
statistical significance at
c) the standard deviations are
the .01 level.
unequal.
b) 1 percent of cases lie within
d) a one-tailed test is used.
95 percent of the mean.
e) a confidence interval is used.
c) 5 percent of cases lie within 95
percent of the mean.
d) 95 percent of cases lie within
Ch 8.4A
1 percent of the mean.
78. A researcher may prefer a two-
e) the value of t is not
tailed test rather than a one-tailed
statistically significant.
test if:
a) the researcher wants to reduce
the probability of a Type I error.
b) the researcher wants to be
more certain before rejecting the
null hypothesis.
c) researcher cares only if the
two means are different, not
which is larger.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Chapter 9: Analysis of
Variance
Ch 9.3A
83. The degrees of freedom for the
Ch 9.1
between-groups sum of squares is
81. In a box-and-whiskers diagram
equal to:
accompanying an analysis of
variance, the a) k.
direction of a relationship is b) k 1.
c) N.
indicated by: d) N1.
a) a line connecting the e) N k.
independent variable means
within dependent variable
values. Ch 9.3B
b) a line connecting the 84. The F ratio is:
dependent variable means a) the ratio of means to one
within independent variable another.
values. b) the ratio of means to standard
c) increases in the lengths of deviations.
boxes. c) the ratio of between-groups
d) decreases in the lengths of variance to within-groups
boxes. variance.
e) changes in the widths of d) homoscedasticity.
boxes. e) the level of significance.

Ch 9.2 Ch 9.3C
82. Analysis of variance assumes: 85. For given degrees of freedom,
a) an interval/ratio dependent which of the following is
variable. associated with the largest F value?
b) equal category means. a) .10.
c) statistical significance. b) .05.
d) an F ratio greater than 1.00. c) .01.
e) a mean sum of squares. d) .001.
e) depends on the level of
measurement.

Ch 9.3D
86. ANOVA with a dichotomous
independent variable is equivalent
to:
 a) a spot map
c) a sum of squares.
b) a t test for the difference
between two means.
d) a causal relationship.
e) a statistically significant
relationship.
Ch 9.5A
87. A small eta squared indicates:
a) a statistically insignificant
difference among means.
b) a causal relationship.
c) curvilinearity.
d) a negative relationship.
e) a weak relationship.
c) one sum of squares.
d) statistically insignificant.
e) a t test.
Ch 9.7
90. If an F ratio is statistically
significant, then we can be
confident that:
a) the variables are causally
related.
b) all the means are quite
different from one another.
c) the relationship is
substantively important.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.

Ch 9.5B
88. If eta squared is .30, then
a) the relationship is not
statistically significant.
b) the between-groups sum of
squares is .30.
c) the F ratio is small.
d) the independent variable
explains 30 percent of the
variation in the dependent
variable.
e) the independent variable
explains 9 percent of the
variation in the dependent
variable.

Ch 9.6
89. An ANOVA with only one
independent variable is called:
a) a one-way analysis of
variance.
b) a one-tailed test.
Chapter 10: Regression and
Correlation
Ch 10 (throughout)
91. Suppose a researcher measures
education as years of school
completed. Correlation and regres-
sion work best in analyzing the
relationship of vocabulary size to
education if vocabulary size is
measured as:
a) small or large vocabulary.
b) small, medium, or large
vocabulary.
c) has vocabulary or does not
have vocabulary.
d) number of items correct on a
vocabulary test.
e) any of the above.
Ch 10.1A
92. On a scatterplot, the dependent
variable is usually represented on:
a) the horizontal axis.
b) the vertical axis.
c) the origin.
d) the regression line.
e) the slope.
Ch 10.1B
93. If data points on a scatterplot are
curved like a U, the relationship
between the two variables is:
a) monotonic.
b) curvilinear.
c) strong.
d) symmetric.
e) causal.
Ch 10.1C
94. If data points on a scatterplot lie
almost in a straight line, then the
relationship is:
a) monotonic.
b) curvilinear.
c) strong.
d) symmetric.
e) causal.
Ch 10.4A
95. Suppose two variables are
positively related. Which of the
following regression equations
might describe this relationship?
a) Y = 3.2 + 2.4X
b) Y = 0.45 4.1X
c) Y = 1.2X
d) Y = 3.4 1.2X
e) None of the above.
Ch 10.4B
96. Consider this regression equation:
Y = 3.21 6.57X. This equation
tells us that:
a) a one unit increase in X is
associated with a 3.21 unit
increase in Y.
b) a one unit increase in X is
associated with a 6.57 unit
increase in Y.
c) a one unit increase in Y is
associated with a 3.21 unit
decrease in X.
d) a one unit increase in Y is
associated with a 6.57 unit
decrease in X.
e) none of the above.
Ch 10.4C
97. A residual is:
a) the difference between means.
b) the difference between the
slope and the correlation
coefficient.
c) the difference between total
variation and explained
variation.
d) the difference between an
actual score and the score
predicted by the
regression equation.
e) the difference between the
slope and the least squares line.
Ch 10.4 (throughout)
100. A researcher using regression and
correlation should:
a) consider how to handle
missing data.
b) consider how to handle
outliers.
c) consider the shape of the
relationship.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.

Ch 10.7
98. If 9 percent of the variation in the
dependent variable is explained by the
independent variable, then:

a) r = .09.
b) r = .30.
c) the relationship is positive.
d) the relationship is statistically
significant.
e) the relationship is linear.

Ch 10.12
99. If correlations in a correlation
matrix are the same for pairwise
deletion and listwise
deletion, then.
a) there is no missing data.
b) the variables are not related to
one another.
c) the relationship is statically
significant.
d) the N is large.
d) the N is small.
Chapter 11: Multivariate
Ch 11.5
Cross-tabulation
104. If a control for an antecedent
variable leaves the original
Ch 11.1A
relationship largely unchanged,
101. If two variables are causally
then we conclude that the original
related, then: relationship is:

a) the independent and a) genuine.

dependent variables are b) spurious.
independent of one another. c) interactive.
b) there is no intervening d) suppressed.
variable linking the independent e) ecological.
and dependent
variables.
c) the independent variable Ch 11.3A
occurs before the dependent 105. Partial tables are bivariate tables:
variable. a) that are not statistically significant.
d) none of the above. b) within categories of one or
e) all of the above. more control variables.
c) that have only weak
relationships.
Ch 11.1B d) that are usually spurious.
102. Antecedent variables are always: e) that are usually genuine.

a) statistically significant.
b) causally prior to the
Ch 11.3B
independent variable.
106. Tables showing the relationship
c) interactive variables.
between education and political
d) spurious variables.
preference, controlling for age,
e) partial variables.
are:
a).zero-order partial tables
Ch 11.2 through 11.6 b) first-order partial tables.
103. We control for antecedent variables c) spurious tables.
to determine whether: d) replicated tables.
e) kitchen tables.
a) a relationship is dependent.
b) a relationship is independent.
c) a relationship is genuine or
Ch 11.8A
spurious.
107. A variable that hides or masks a
d) a relationship is interactive.
bivariate relationship is:
e) a relationship is statistically
significant. a) a dependent variable.
b) a nominal variable.
 c) a significant variable.
d) a partial variable.
e) a suppressor variable.

Ch 11.8B
108. If first-order relationships are
stronger than the zero-order
relationship, then the control
variable may be:
a) a replicated variable.
b) a partial variable.
c) a suppressor variable.
d) any of the above.
e) none of the above.

Ch 11.10
109. We can summarize the strength of
the relationship in partial tables by
using:
a) interaction.
b) a second dependent variable.
c) a significance test.
d) partial gamma.
e) all of the above.

Ch 11.13
110. Which of the following statistical
techniques approximates
randomization in experiments?
a) Measures of association.
b) Zero-order tables.
c) Significance tests.
d) Controlling for intervening
variables.
e) Controlling for antecedent
variables.
Chapter 12: Multiple
Regression and Correlation
Ch 12.1A
111. Like bivariate regression, multiple
regression and correlation:
a) identifies one variable as the
dependent variable.
b) assumes linear relationships.
c) assumes interval/ratio
variables.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 12.1B
112. It is difficult to use a scatterplot to
graphically represent relationships:
a) with only one independent
variable.
b) with more than two
independent variables.
c) among interval/ratio
variables.
d) among variables that are
unrelated.
e) that are curvilinear.
Ch 12.1C
113. The number of dimensions in a
scatterplot equals:
a) the number variables
bthe number of dependent
variables.
c) the number of independent
variables.
d) (r 1)(c 1)
e) the degrees of freedom.
Ch 12.2A
114. The correlation coefficient R:
a) can never be negative.
b) can be greater than 1.00.
c. equals the unstandardized
regression coefficients.
d) is the proportion of variation
in the dependent variable
explained by each of
the independent variables.
e) is the proportion of variation
in the dependent variable
explained by all the
independent variables taken
together.
Ch 12.2B
115. The proportion of variation in the
dependent variable explained by
variation in the independent
variable(s) is given by:
a) r2.
b) E2.
c) R2.
d) all of the above.
e) none of the above.
Ch 12.3A
116. If YAB = -.75, then:
a) Y decreases .75 unit for every Ch 12.5A
119. Dummy variables are usually used
1 unit increase in A, controlling
to incorporate _____________ into a
for B. regression analysis.
b) Y decreases 1 unit for every .
a) dependent variables
75 unit increase in A, controlling
b) nominal variables
for B.
c) interval/ratio variables
c) Y decreases 1 standard
d) multicollinearity
deviation for every .75 standard
e) beta coefficients
deviation increase in
B, controlling for A.
d) Y decreases .75 standard
Ch 12.5B
deviation for every 1 standard
120. To represent a variable with four
deviation increase in
values, we need:
B, controlling for A.
e) Y increases .75 unit for every . a) one dummy variable.
75 unit increase in both A and B. b) three dummy variables.
c) four dummy variables.
d) five dummy variables.
Ch 12.3B e) one dummy variable with
118. Standardized regression equations four values.
measure the effects of independent
variables in which of the following
units?
a) Standard deviations
b) Confidence intervals
c) Means
d) Significance units
e) Units of measurement

Ch 12.1D, 12.2B, 12.3C

117. Which of the following can be
negative?
a) r.
b) R.
c) Unstandardized regression
coefficient.
d) Standardized regression
coefficient.
e) Any of the above.