1

1.1. ()

,
,
, , - ,
.
, :
. ,
,
, -, .
. ,
, ,
, , ( - )
. ,
, .
, .
, ,
, , . , ,
, ,
. (
, ), ,
. ,
, .
;
, ;
.
: ,
(), - .
( ), -
.

. , - .
, (
) ,
 . 23. Six thick thistle sticks.
24. She sells sea-shells at the seashore.
; - , 25. A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk,
. but the stump thunk the skunk stunk.
, , 26. Sarah saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sash
, .. . es as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk
sash shop.
27. Three free throws.
28. Tragedy strategy.
29. A thin little boy picked six thick thistle sticks.
1. Are our oars oak? 30. Pope Sixtus VI's six texts.
2. A blue-backed blackbird blew big bubbles. 3 1 . Mrs Smith's Fish Sauce Shop.
3. A big blue badly bleeding blister. 32. Lesser leather never weathered wetter weather bet
4. A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits. ter.
5. A white witch watched a woe-begone walrus winding 33. Gertie's g r e a t - g r a n d m a grew a g h a s t at G e r t i e ' s
white wool. grammar.
6. Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches? 34. The two-twenty-two train tore through the tunnel.
7. A pale pink proud peacock pompously preened its 35. Crisp crusts crackle crunchily.
pretty plumage. 36. Betty better butter Brad's bread.
8. A pleasant place to place plaice is a place where the 37. Tim, the thin twin tinsmith.
plaice are pleased to be placed. 38. Unique New York.
9. Little Willie's wooden whistle wouldn't whistle. 39. Old oily Ollie oils old oily autos.
10. Please, Paul, pause for applause. 40. Vincent vowed vengeance very vehemently.
11. Lily ladles little Letty's lentil soup. 4 1 . "Good morning, Madam",
12. He is literally literary. To Eve said Adam.
13. Truly rural. "Good morning, Sir",
14. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry. To him said Madam.
15. Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager 42. I miss my Swiss miss,
imagining managing an imaginary menagerie? My Swiss Miss misses me.
16. A lusty lady loved a lawyer and longed to lure him 4 3 . W h a t a shame such a shapely sash should such shabby
from his law volumes. stitches show.
17. Don't pamper damp scamp tramps t h a t camp under 44. The sawingest saw I ever saw saw was the saw I saw
ramp lamps. saw in Arkansas.
18. Now nice nurses need necklaces. 45. They have left the thrift shop, and lost both their the
19. Shy Sam Smith thought Sarah Short so sweet. atre tickets and the volume of valuable licenses and
20. Shy Shelly says she shall sew sheets. coupons for free theatrical frills and thrills.
21. Six sick slick slim sycamore saplings. 46. Of all the felt I ever felt,
22. Six selfish shellfish.
 I never felt a piece of felt
which felt as fine as t h a t felt felt,
when first I felt t h a t felt h a t ' s felt.
47. Swan swam over the sea,
Swim, swan, swim!
Swan swam back again
Well swum, swan!
48. I thought a thought.
But the thought I thought wasn't the thought
I thought I thought.
49. Amidst the mists and coldest frosts,
with stoutest wrists and loudest boasts,
he t h r u s t s his fist against the posts
and still insists he sees the ghosts.
50. Whereat with blade,
with bloody, blameful blade,
he bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.
51. She stood on the balcony
inexplicably mimicking him hiccupping,
and amicably welcoming him home.
52. On mules we find two legs behind
and two we find before.
We stand behind before we find
what those behind be for.
53. Pick a partner and practice passing,
for if you pass proficiently,
perhaps you'll play professionally.
54. I need not your needles, they're needless to me;
For kneading of noodles, 'twere needless, you see;
But did my neat knickers but need to be kneed,
I then should have need of your needles indeed.
55. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck
if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,
and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would
if a woodchuck could chuck wood.
56. Ruby Rugby's brother bought and brought her back
some rubber baby-buggy bumpers.
57. My dame hath a lame tame crane,
My dame hath a crane that is lame.
58. I cannot bear to see a bear
Bear down upon a hare.
When bare of hair he strips the hare,
Right there I cry, "Forbear!"
59. One smart fellow, he felt smart.
Two smart fellows, they felt smart.
Three smart fellows, they all felt smart.
60. "Surely Sylvia swims!" shrieked Sammy, surprised.
"Someone should show Sylvia some strokes so she
shall not sink."
6 1 . A Tudor who tooted a flute
tried to tutor two tooters to toot.
Said the two to their tutor,
"Is it harder to toot
or to tutor two tooters to toot?"
62. A bitter biting bittern
Bit a better brother bittern,
And the bitter better bittern
Bit the bitter biter back.
And the bitter bittern, bitten,
By the better bitten bittern,
Said: "I'm a bitter biter bit, alack!"
63. Mr See owned a saw.
And Mr Soar owned a seesaw.
Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw
Before Soar saw See,
Which made Soar sore.
Had Soar seen See's saw
Before See sawed Soar's seesaw,
See's saw would not have sawed
Soar's seesaw.
So See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw.
But it was sad to see Soar so sore
J u s t because See's saw sawed
 Soar's seesaw!
64. A tree toad loved a she-toad
Who lived up in a tree.
He was a two-toed tree toad
But a three-toed toad was she.
The two-toed tree toad tried to win
The three-toed she-toad's heart,
For the two-toed tree toad loved the ground
That the three-toed tree toad trod.
But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain.
He couldn't please her whim.
From her tree toad bower
With her three-toed power
The she-toad vetoed him.
65. You've no need to light a night-light
On a light night like tonight,
For a night-light's light's a slight light,
And tonight's a night t h a t ' s light.
When a night's light, like tonight's light,
It is really not quite right
To light night-lights with their slight lights
On a light night like tonight.
66. If Stu chews shoes, should Stu
choose the shoes he chews?
67. Say this sharply, say this sweetly,
Say this shortly, say this softly.
Say this sixteen times in succession.
68. I am not the pheasant plucker,
I'm the pheasant plucker's mate.
I am only plucking pheasants
'cause the pheasant plucker's running late.
69. A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, "Let us fly!"
Said the fly, "Let us flee!"
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.
70. Pretty Kitty Creighton had a cotton batten cat.
The cotton batten cat was bitten by a rat.
The kitten that was bitten had a button for an eye,
And biting off the button made the cotton batten fly.
71. Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter, in
sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,
t h r u s t three thousand thistles through the thick of
his thumb.
Now if Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-
sifter, in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,
t h r u s t three thousand thistles through the thick of
his thumb, see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of un-
sifted thistles, t h r u s t not three thousand thistles
through the thick of thy thumb.
Success to the successful thistle-sifter!
72. Is there any pleasant peasant present?
It's simple. I mean t h a t at present you can't marry a
peasant, even though the peasant is pleasant. If you
marry a pleasant peasant at present I shall not have
you in my presence. You m u s t n ' t marry a pleasant
peasant at present or you leave my presence.
73. Whether the weather be fine
Or whether the weather be not,
Whether the weather be cold
Or whether the weather be hot,
We'll weather the weather
Whatever the weather,
Whether we like it or not.
74. A peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper picked;
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper,
W h e r e ' s the peck of pickled pepper Peter Piper
picked?
75. All I want is a proper cup of coffee.
Made in a proper copper coffee pot.
You can believe it or not -
I want a cup of coffee
In a proper coffee pot.
Tin coffee pots or
Iron coffee pots,
 They're no use to me, So it is better to be Shott
If I can't have a than Nott.
Proper cup of coffee Some say Nott
In a proper copper coffee pot was not shot.
I'll have a cup of tea. But Shott says
76. Betty Botter had some butter, he shot Nott.
"But," she said, "this butter's bitter. Either the shot Shott shot at Nott
If I bake this bitter butter, was not shot,
it would make my batter bitter. or
But a bit of better butter - Nott was shot.
t h a t would make my batter better." If the shot Shott shot shot Nott,
So she bought a bit of butter, Nott was shot.
better than her bitter butter, But if the shot Shott shot shot Shott,
and she baked it in her batter, then Shott was shot,
and the batter was not bitter. not Nott.
So 'twas better Betty Botter However,
bought a bit of better butter. the shot Shott shot shot not Shott -
77. Once upon a barren moor but Nott.
There dwelt a bear, also a boar. 8 1 . There was a young fisher named Fischer
The bear could not bear the boar. Who fished for a fish in a fissure.
The boar thought the bear a bore. The fish with a grin,
At last the bear could bear no more Pulled the fisherman in;
Of t h a t boar that bored him on the moor, Now they're fishing the fissure for Fischer.
And so one morn he bored the boar -
That boar will bore the bear no more.
78. If a Hottentot taught a Hottentot tot
To talk ere the tot could totter, 1. .
Ought the Hottentot tot 2. , , .
Be taught to say aught, or naught, 3. .
Or what ought to be taught her? 4. , ,
If to hoot and to toot a Hottentot tot
.
Be taught by her Hottentot tutor,
5. -,
Ought the tutor get hot
, .
If the Hottentot tot
6. .
Hoot and toot at her Hottentot tutor?
7. .
79. Ned Nott was shot
8.
and Sam Shott was not.
.
 9. - , - . , -
10. . !
11. . 28. -,
12. , . -. -
13. - , . -
. , .
14. . 29. !
15. . ? , ,
16. !
. 30. , .
17. , , , .
, . 31. , , -
18. . . , ,
19. - , - .
, , 32. ,
. .
20. : , , 33. , - .
! , .
: , , 34. ,
! .
21. , , ,
. .
22. , 35. .
.
. .
23. , , .
. 36. ?
- , .
. 37. ,
24. , ,
. , ,
25. .
. 38. ,
26. , - . .
, - ! ,
27. . - .
. ,
 . ,
39. ,
, . ,
: .
?
40. , , ,
. . ,
, : ,
. .
4 1 . , , ,
, ! , -
,
. , ,
,
1.2. . ,

, ,
, , ,
,
: , .
- , , ,
. , , ,
.
,
- . ,
.

, - , , ( )
, , , , ,
.
. , ( )
.
, , , ,
, , ,
.
, , , , ,
, .
.
 (. 2.
) ,
- ,
. .
,
1.
. 1 ...
; - 2. ...
3. ...
. 4.
...
, 5. ...
, 6.
, .. ...
7. ...
I. 8. ...
. 9. ...
- 3 . 10. ...
1 1 . ...
NBI 12. ...
13. ...
.
3.
1. ,
2. --& , 2-5 ,
3. .
4. : ;
5. ;
6. - .
7. . , -
8. , ,
9. - , .
10.
11. 1. ...
12. 2. ...
13. 3. ..,
4. ...
 5. ... 13. , ...
6. ,
... 5. -
7. ... -
8. .. .
9. ... 2-3 ,
10. . ,
... .
11. ... ,
12. - ...
13. ... - .
,
4. , .
, -
, 2 5 , .
( ). : . .
: ; 1.00
- , 2.
3.
. , - 4.
, , 5.
, ; , 6.
7.
. 8.
9.
1. ... 10.
2. ... 11.
3. ... 12.
4. ... IS.
5. ...
6. ... 6. -
7. - ... -
8. ... .
9. ...
10. ... 2-3 , .
11. ...
12. ... . -
 -
. 1.
: . . 2.
1. UN 3.
2. WTO 4.
3. UNESCO 5.
4. WHT 6.
5. ICC 7. -
6. Interpol 8.
7. IBRD 9.
8. EU 10.
9. IOC 11.
10. ICAO 12.
11. NATO 13.
12. IMF
13. EEC 9. [
). -
7. , 2-3
.
8-10 . (3-4 ),
- ..
.
(, ..)
.
8. (
). 1.
( 2.
), 3. 2008 .
4.
. 5.
, , 6.
. 7.
8.
.
9.
: , -
10.
, ,
11.
- .
12.
 13. , , ,
, ..
-
,
1.3. - ( , .
)
,
- -
, :
, .
. , , ,
, , - ,
, - .
,
, -, , -
,
- , 15-20 .
.
- , ,
- .. ,
. ,
- : , ,
, , .
, -
, ,
. .
: , ,
- .
, - ,
. ,
, , .
, ,
: ,
- ,
, ,
. - ,
- - , , , , , -
, 2
.
- ,
, . - ,
, - .
, , -
,
, .
( ).
.
,
. , , ..
, .
, ,
, , - , , , ,
.
, , .
,
: ,
, ( )
, .
,
,
.
, (..
- ,
, )
-
- .
.

,
, -, , .
,
. ,
. ,
, - ;

. .
-
!
 3. 17 30 70 2 48
4. 5 22 13 30 4
2.1. . . .
5. 85 14 6 1 40
6. 25 11 80 18 9
7. 40 77 8 3 14
1. 8. 48 84 23 6 44
. 9. 16 60 79 8 50
, 10. 15 50 71 14 63
. 11. 17 33 70 2 9
12. 60 4 16 7 83
1. 13 7 9 3 5 4 13. 13 7 30 5 76
2. 11 2 5 9 1 3
3. 22 4 7 2 6 4 2.
4. 17 5 8 1 3 6 .
5. 5 13 4 8 2 1
6. 7 19 5 3 1 4 ,
7. 18 7 2 4 9 1 , -ty -teen:
8. 31 2 3 6 8 4 thirty - thirteen, fifty - fifteen ..
9. 57 9 5 1 2 4 1. 19 90 97 17
10. 43 7 1 6 8 3 2. 30 13 35 15
11. 72 9 5 2 8 3. 72 17 70 49
12. 67 4 7 3 8 1 4. 65 80 76 18
13. 7 34 2 8 5 9 5. 32 14 40 67
6. 23 47 60 16
2. 7. 15 65 34 50
, 8. 76 19 90 73
. 9. 13 30 45 87
10. 89 16 47 60
, -ty -teen: thir 11. 23 50 76 15
ty - thirteen, fifty - fifteen .. 12. 14 40 39 56
, 13. 59 18 80 33
2.
- 3. -
. .
.
1. 8 43 18 6 64
2. 51 60 3 16 22 , -
 : , 4. -
, ? , .
. . ,
. :
, ) 1 ( -
"37", -
. "38");
- ) 1;
. ) 10;
) 10;
) 2;
Language Note:
) 100.
,
. , . , , ..
.
, , ,
, , ,
. , ..

12.

1. 1066 - Normans conquer England 23 88 41 68 11 97 7 88 13 33 41

2. 1236 - Mongols invade Russia 63 57 72 27 44 77 80 29 66 83 37
3. 1812 - Napoleon invades Russia 68 53 99 77 17 37 82 56 59 68 33
4. 1242 - Alexander Nevsky defeats Germans 34 46 74 89 82 93 26 14 50 6 29
5. 1861 - Emancipation of serfs in Russia 19 93 66 76 60 28 32 10 69 37 87
6. 1917 - Russian revolution. Communists 27 89 43 78 79 29 75 16 40 57 59
(Bolsheviks) take control 99 90 73 55 69 71 85 35 82 49 11
7. 1789-French revolution 10 70 57 19 20 43 32 73 17 29 38
8. 1789 - US Constitution adopted. George 39 49 84 55 90 70 20 78 13 57 41
Washington becomes the first President 83 99 52 11 82 57 16 69 19 72 3
9. 1054 - Division between Orthodox and Western 7 68 14 72 55 30 10 41 30 99 80
Christianity 44 77 55 95 78 13 4 25 61 18 46
10. 988 - Russians converted to Christianity 66 39 76 52 13 47 84 34 69 23 88
11. 1929 - Wall Street Crash of stock market. The Great 35 94 32 89 26 81 16 73 8 41 37
Depression starts 56 11 90 18 51 6 28 89 73 84 57
12. 1147 - Moscow is considered to have been founded 27 71 48 37 56 80 79 41 94 52 69
13. 1963 - President Kennedy assassinated
 8 75 14 28 12 73 62 8 90 11 74 124 452 640 776 16 440 876 935
62 30 89 10 59 78 35 74 33 27 97 108 796 707 942 823 69 153 357
18 24 43 47 64 46 57 29 3 66 88 180 787 578 900 525 275 374 647
56 15 44 1 48 29 10 57 33 20 38 605 370 45 208 783 478 675 519
7 507 241 803 652 115 596 929
554 827 455 19 510 291 765 179
145 536 627 782 939 607 43 628 898 655 704 429 691 373 976 267
780 254 661 521 380 995 841 566 877 749 408 676 244 585 686 137
479 228 823 934 351 577 752 605 206 311 478 706 860 125 339 957
87 410 719 335 859 320 933 914 332 854 682 616 546 774 435 413
528 619 962 273 776 106 186 50 103 37 591 487 211 254 722 577
311 824 348 273 329 184 580 328 865 444 749 88 545 624 112 93
400 325 350 675 56 977 614 873 966 896 524 673 915 450 318 587
635 528 263 133 434 825 974 145 503 391 15 761 798 209 745 957
764 117 97 777 469 755 214 223 274 778 896 307 722 128 856 661
559 591 192 592 259 512 728 459 28 335 502 347 100 343 577 323
592 949 515 119 633 737 303 271 512 896 722 746 113 365 436 386
858 215 391 279 744 674 255 791
114 490 313 982 236 178 416 488 575 35 6 88 94 398 763 522 968
188 817 209 578 429 865 935 787 864 908 405 180 847 273 954 172
138 794 639 714 816 403 215 664 181 474 747 205 964 129 543 463
649 121 536 867 992 148 530 823 621 59 112 154 833 657 250 500
671 152 779 829 243 529 845 335 784 857 91 558 674 293 522 337
348 354 238 353 48 258 456 199
111 496 59 787 963 806 771 785 5.
327 229 224 572 883 788 645 333 ( ) ,
468 522 327 700 38 134 699 954
712 842 521 107 682 471 269 352 (.
350 863 575 928 635 210 750 406 !).
742 505 816 247 57 662 421 289
236 184 472 130 479 507 318 963
829 204 753 368 405 297 336 541 . -
450 667 728 177 562 408 389 634 , ..
729 575 824 87 127 659 543 434
920 967 354 146 697 415 374 947 . 10-15 .
932 825 615 283 901 381 819 492
336 784 961 163 110 249 395 886
 6. 4 3. 37 94 24 3. 77 15 49
-, - - 4. 21 86 13 4. 72 66 39
, - - .. 5. 5 78 49 5. 53 18 4
6. 89 70 91 6. 76 83 40
: , 7. 74 62 80 7. 84 29 62
, . 8. 58 54 70 8. 98 87 11
9. 44 47 59 9. 18 92 34
, . 10. 29 30 43 10. 43 28 31
,
, 8.
,
, , .
.
9.
.
.
7. - ,
, .
, .
:
1. , , ,
2. , , ,
3. , , ,
1. 57 4 73 11. 15 71 65 4. , , ,
2. 37 90 59 12. 34 25 38 5. , , ,
3. 17 81 46 13. 56 82 12 6. , , ,
4. 97 72 33 14. 92 39 86 7. , , ,
5. 78 62 20 15. 10 98 61 8. , , ,
6. 59 54 7 16. 41 57 36 9. , , ,
7. 41 45 95 17. 74 18 12 10. , , ,
8. 23 36 83 18. 9 80 29 11. , , ,
9. 5 27 70 19. 47 43 66 12. , , ,
. 87 19 59 20. 24 7 43 13. , , ,

<(&.:. 10. 9
1. 70 10 47 1. 99 17 93
2. 53 2 35 2. 86 65 20 -
 - 5. , ,
. 6. , ,
7. , ,
NBI 8. , ,
, , 9. , ,
, , , - 10. , ,
. . 11. , ,
. , , 12. , ,
- - 13. , ,
-
.
12. 11




.

.
1. , ,
2. , , 1. , ,
3. , , 2. , ,
4. , , 3. , ,
5. , , 4. , ,
6. , , 5. , ,
7. , , 6. , ,
8. , , 7. , ,
9. , , 8. , ,
10. , , 9. , ,
11. , , 10. , ,
12. , , 11. , ,
13. , , 12. , ,
13. , ,
? 1.
13.
, , ,
. .
1. , , .
2. , , ,
3. , , , ;
4. , ,
 . 8. 765
9. 877
( 10. 439
). 11. 100%
12. 56 %
, 13. 99 %
,
: 100% - one hundred per cent, 56% - 14.
fifty six per cent. .
-s: one hundred
per cents*, 56% - fifty six per cents* ( 1. 25 pounds
). 2. 567tonns
3. 860 miles
4. 768 American dollars
5. 76 %
1. 600 6. 5600 metres
2. 125 7. 45 inches
3. 873 8. 876 people
4. 954 9. 380 students ()
5. 321 . 10. 127 physicists ()
6. 793 11. 175 Ph.Ds ( )
7. 652 12. 290 physicians ()
8. 564 13. 476 unemployed
9. 700
10. 470 15.
11. 17
12. 56 ,
13. 567 . , .

: ) 6 ( 3-4,
1. 356 ), )
2. 56 ; )
3. 674 ; )
4. 387 .
5. 33 % (, ..)
6. 432 .
7. 691
 .
, ,
1. 11 carnations - 25 tulips - 17 roses
2. 32 apples - 73 bananas - 61 pears - ,
3. 87 magazines - 93 dailies - 57 weeklies ,
4. 13 cats - 21 dogs - 18 puppies .
5. 76 kids - 16 teachers - 12 doctors , ,
6. 67 cars - 83 trucks - 19 buses ;
7. 54 dollars - 81 rubles - 93 pounds
8. 44 tons - 15 inches - 77 gallons .
9. 34 miles - 56 kilometers - 43 acres ,
10. 75 swallows - 63 nightingales - 57 parrots ; ,
11. 81 tigers - 62 crocodiles - 73 snakes
12. 93 squares - 87 streets - 76 lanes . , ,
13. 43 birch trees - 61 maples - 95 cedars "National Geographic", ..

1. The area is characterized by widely-spaced drought

1. 76 photographers - 24 exposures - 13 slides resistant plants and is home to a variety of cacti,
2. 92 authors - 17 characters - 4 bestsellers including Agave, Yucca, Barrel Cactus and some oth
3. 39 researchers - 48 scholars - 9 scientists ers.
4. 5 species - 87 mammals - 62 predators 2. Hearty breeds of animals are found in the desert:
5. 36 tests - 67 samples - 16 tables Coyote, Bighorn Sheep and Rabbit share the region
6. 3 teams - 45 reports - 29 papers with Grand Canyon Rattlesnake and Collared Lizard.
7. 53 managers - 14 contracts - 7 appointments 3. Because of a lack of trees, most birds generally nest in
8. 9 lectures - 22 tutors - 77 errors other areas and use this community only to forage for
9. 8 tycoons - 19 bankers - 76 industrialists food, including Turkey Vulture, Red-tailed Hawk and
10. 54 reporters - 3 editors - 12 headlines Common Raven.
>
1 1 . 1 manuscript - 98 pages - 23 publishers 4. This mountain area is home to deer, porcupines, wild
12. 55 journals - 31 magazines - 11 newspapers turkeys and squirrels; bighorn sheep may be found in
13. 5 comments - 43 footnotes - 66 references more isolated parts of the area.
5. Mountain Lions, largest of Arizona's predators, are
16. active mainly at night but may be sometimes be seen
travelling their wide range during the daytime.
. 6. White Fir and Blue Spruce create a dense forest
canopy that allows only a few shrubs and grasses on
, the forest floor, except in meadow areas scattered
throughout the forest.
 7. Rocky Mountain Deer, the most widely distributed .
large mammal found in Arizona, are seen through the , .
various life zones of the Grand Canyon.
8. There was fertile land and abundant water in the cen 1. Anyone who has watched crows, ravens and other
tral valley, so the diet of the tribes living there leaned members of the same family will know they're any
heavily on corn, but there was also sufficient game, thing but "birdbrained." For instance, urban-living
including deer, antelope, rabbit, bear, turtle and crows have learned to use road traffic for cracking
duck. tough nuts. They do this at traffic light crossings,
9. Fall is the rutting period for deer and elk when these waiting patiently with human pedestrians for a red
animals become increasingly aggressive and may light before retrieving their prize.Yet crows may be
become angered at any intrusion into their territory. even cleverer than we think. A new study suggests
10. Stretching out its enormous wings, the condor chick their cognitive abilities are a match for primates
flaps them without lifting off, strengthening the such as chimpanzees and gorillas.
muscles that will be needed for flight when it steps off 2. While having very different brain structures, both
its rocky nursery. crows and primates use a combination of mental tools,
11. Representatives of Hawk Watch International are including imagination and the anticipation of possible
recording the hawk migration daily; visitors are wel future events, to solve similar problems. Scientists
come to join in the count or to learn to identify agree that it isn't physical need that makes animal
migrating hawks, falcons, and eagles. smart, but social necessity. Group living tends to be a
12. As a natural process in pine forests, fires creep across complicated business, so for individuals to prosper
the forest floor, consuming fallen branches, dead they need to understand exactly what's going on. So
leaves, shrubs and young trees, fertilizing the soil highly social creatures like dolphins, chimps, and
with ashes. humans tend to be large-brained and intelligent.
13. The average distance across the Grand Canyon "as the 3. Like apes, many birds employ tools to gather food,
raven flies" is ten miles, but getting from the South but it isn't clear whether chimps or crows appreciate
Rim to the North Rim by automobile requires a five- how these tools work. It may be that they simply dis
hour drive. cover their usefulness by accident. However, studies
of New Caledonian crows, from the South Pacific,
17. suggest otherwise. For example, a New Caledonian
crow in captivity learned how to bend a piece of
. straight wire into a hook to probe for food. Such
. sophisticated tool manufacture and use is unique in
, , non-human wild animals.The scientists who saw that
, . compared the crow's handiwork to minor human
technological innovations.
4. Last year researchers unearthed the fossil remains of
a plant-eating, parrotlike dinosaur that grew to be a
 meter (three feet) tall. The adult was surrounded by
34 juveniles, a close association that indicates that
the dinosaur continued to care for its young even
after they hatched from eggs. This specimen is a rare
snapshot of a moment - the last moment - in these
dinosaurs' lives and shows them clustering around an
adult. That is a compelling case that there was a
strong bond between these animals. The discovery
suggests that the care that crocodiles, birds, and
other modern descendents of dinosaurs give to their
young may be an ancestral characteristic.
5. A new study suggests that a striking mammal, the
Irish elk, lived way beyond the last ice age. The Irish
elk is also known as the giant deer. Analysis of
ancient bones and teeth by scientists based in Britain
and Russia show the huge herbivore survived until
about 5,000 B.C. - more than three millennia later
than previously believed.The research team says that
additional factors, besides climate change, probably
hastened the giant deer's eventual extinction. These
factors could include hunting or habitat destruction
by humans. However, the animal may have also suf-
fered from increased competition from other species
such as moose, which spread rapidly once the climate
warmed.
6. The giant deer made its last stand in western Siberia,
some 3,000 years after the ice sheets receded. The
eastern foothills of the Urals became very densely
forested about 8,000 years ago, which could have
pushed the giant deer on to the plain. Some scientists
have suggested another explanation for the deer's
demise - the male's huge antlers. This exaggerated
feature - the result of females preferring stags with
the largest antlers, possibly because they advertised a
male's fitness - contributed to the mammal's down-
fall. Such antlers would have been a serious inconve-
nience in the dense forests that spread northward
after the last ice age.
7. Joining dogs that sniff out contraband in the customs
halls, falcons have been enlisted to scare off gulls and
other birds that can be hazardous for airplanes in the
critical moments of take-off and landing. "What
we're doing is utilizing the predator-prey relation-
ship that they use in the wild," said Mark Adam,
owner of a private company specializing in the
medieval art of falconry and applying it to modern
situations. The swooping shape of the predator in
flight triggers nearby birds to find a safer place to
stay. "They say, oh boy, this bird is dangerous,"
Adam said. "They'll give off an alarm call that other
birds can hear for miles."
8. The idea of using birds of prey to control birds is not
a new idea. Falcons and falconers began to appear in
records from China, Arabia, and Persia nearly 4,000
years ago. From Aztecs to English kings, many cul-
tures have hunted using falcons. But pesticide-use
hit falcons hard. In 1970 the peregrine falcon, the
world's fastest bird, was placed on the endangered
species list with only 39 known mating pairs in the
western United States. An increasing awareness of
problems like pesticides, as well as the development
of wildlife refuges, has helped these bird populations
enormously.
9. The annual global wildlife summit, which agreed to
new controls to prevent illegal trafficking in endan-
gered species, paid special attention this year to
marine fish and commercially prized trees.
Elephants, whales, and other charismatic mammals
which appear regularly on the summit's agenda also
featured. The great white shark, the world's largest
predatory fish, gained protection for the first time at
this year's conference. Delegates heard that
increased demand for the shark's jaws, teeth, and
fins was decimating already vulnerable populations.
10. When New Zealand split away from the superconti-
nent Gondwana some 80 million years ago, its flora
and fauna were left to develop in isolation. The result
was a virtual Noah's Ark of bizarre animals: flight
less, nocturnal parrots that hike several kilometers
at a time; yellow-eyed penguins t h a t nest in forests;
and bad-tempered kiwis with poor eyesight and a
highly developed sense of smell. Living in a paradise
without predators, these odd species thrived. But
when the first human settlers, the Maoris, arrived
about a thousand years ago, the rats and dogs they
brought with them wreaked havoc on the islands'
wildlife.
11. While autumn leaves tumble from trees this fall,
another natural wonder is soaring overhead. Hawks
across North and South America are taking to the air
as part of their seasonal migration. Some species will
journey thousands of miles. For bird-watchers in the
United States, a day t r i p can take them to an ideal
spot to catch the raptors in flight. At Hawk Mountain
Sanctuary in Pennsylvania you get to see these wild
birds, which are normally kind of secretive and build
nests in places you couldn't find. Up to 20,000 rap
t o r s cruise by this n a t u r e preserve between
September and December.
12. Prime viewing spots include coastlines and mountain
ranges, which provide the birds updraf ts for easy soar
ing. (Hawks appear to avoid crossing large bodies of
water, preferring, for example, to avoid the Great
Lakes by flying through small passageways around the
lakes.) A spot called Hawk Hill - just north of San
Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge - draws hordes of rap
tors. The birds make use of updraf ts to coast during
their fall migration. "It saves their energy," said Allen
Fish, director of the Golden Gate Raptor Observatory.
"They want to hold on to their body weight to survive
the winter," he noted.
13. Madagascar, a large tropical island off the east coast
of Africa, isn't the kind of place you'd expect to find
a mammal that hibernates. Yet researchers say a
small, nocturnal lemur resorts to the same tactic used
by bears and squirrels to survive cold northern win
ters - spending at least seven months of the year
hibernating t h r o u g h harsh times brought on by
drought. The lemur gorges on fruit, flowers, and
insects during a short rainy season between December
and February. As its body weight increases by around
40 percent, the animal, which usually weighs five
ounces (150 grams), then goes into a torpor, marked
by reduced activity and appetite.
18.
. ,
,
:
.
.
: tbs. - tablespoon, tsp. - teaspoon,
.
1. 3 cups grated carrots, 1 cup diced celery
2. 2 tsp. dried rosemary, 1 package dry bread cubes
3. 1 package frozen spinach, 2 cups chicken broth
4. 1 chopped onion, 1 generous dash of pepper
5. 40 vanilla cookies, crushed, I\ cup fresh lime juice
6. V2 tsp. ground pepper, pinch of salt
7. 2 cups whipping cream, 4 tbs. cocoa powder
8. 1 tsp. baking soda, 2 tsp. starch
CU
9. I2 P shredded Cheddar cheese, 1 cup sliced
almonds
 . , ,
10. **/o cup brown sugar, 2 ounces plain yogurt
11. 5 tbs. maple syrup, 1 cup chopped fresh fruit
12. 3 boneless chicken breasts, 8 ounces tomato sauce .
13. 1 firm ripe pear, 4 egg whites
,
? 9. - ,
( ) , .
. , ,
1. 1 can black beans, drained, 1 cup quartered cherry .
tomatoes
2. 12 CUP chopped red onion, *\^ tsp. freshly ground When I joined the line to the cashier's desk in the super
market there were already 12 people in it. Still, it
pepper
was the shortest line!
3. Va cup all-purpose flour, 4 skinless chicken breasts The first was an elderly lady in a mink coat.
4. 4 thin lemon slices, l& cup crumbled blue cheese The second was a teenager in a T-shirt, jeans and sneakers.
The third was a bald man in his late forties.
5. 10 ounces mixed salad greens, 2 cups powdered sugar The fourth was a middle-aged woman with a scarf on her
6. !A cup coarsely chopped toasted walnuts, V4 tsp. head.
salt The fifth was a slender Indian girl in a sari.
7. 2 whole medium eggs, 2 cans sliced peaches in light The sixth was a bald man with a briefcase.
syrup, drained The seventh was a woman in her late sixties dressed like
a young girl.
8. 16 ounces fat-free plain yogurt, V2 tsp. cinnamon
The eighth was a pregnant woman with a toddler.
9. 1/3 cup shelled pistachio nuts, 1 egg, lightly beaten The ninth was a uniformed policeman.
10. 3 cups baking apples, peeled, cored and diced, 1 cup The tenth was a plump redhead in an orange dress.
granulated sugar The eleventh was an old man in a denim jacket.
11. 4 cups frozen vegetables, thawed, 2 cups cubed The twelfth was a young girl in a sleeveless dress.
cooked chicken The thirteenth was poor me - young and pretty, but very
12. 3 garlic cloves, minced, 2 tbs. melted butter or olive tired.
oil
13. 8 ounces fresh mushrooms, sliced, ^/4 cup diced car 21. .
rots

20. I. -
. II,
, , , .
 Professions and occupations
Parti
1. Terry Carter lives in Liverpool. He is a playwright.
2. Janet Snow lives in London. She is a ballet dancer.
3. Mary Norris lives in Swansea. She is a personnel man
ager.
4. Mike Sutton lives in Bristol. He is a physician.
5. Laura Francis lives in Watford. She is a secretary.
6. Mary Higgins Clark lives in New Jersey. She is a writ
er.
7. Nick Fairfield lives in Boston. He is a truck driver.
8. Sally Maugham lives in Garden City, Idaho. She is an
accountant.
9. Richard Fame lives in Houston. He is a travel agent.
10. Bridget Goldstein lives in Pasadena, California. She
is a housewife.
11. Eileen Russel lives in Worcester, Massachusetts. She
is a retired nurse.
12. Robert Baldwin lives in Leicester, England. He is a
bank officer.
13. Maria Rodriguez lives in Phoenix, Arizona. She is a
beautician.
Part 2
1. Only one of Terry Carter's plays has been staged so
far, so he earns his living by playing the guitar and
singing in a pub twice a week. (He is a playwright)
2. Janet Snow jogs every morning in the park and never
eats sweets, but she likes pizza, (a ballet dancer)
3. Mary Norris has to work on Saturday, so her husband
Peter looks after their son Simon, (a personnel manager)
4. Mike Sutton's girlfriend is a newspaper reporter.
They can meet only at weekends, they are too busy to
go out on weekdays, (a physician).
5. Laura Francis did not like her previous job. Her boss
was a nice man, but she had to type letters and answer
the phone all day. (a secretary)
6. Mary Higgins Clark decided that she could tell the
great love story of George and Martha Washington,
(a writer)
7. Nick Fairfield says woodcarving is his hobby. At 60
he can still trust his eyes to guide the fine cut of his
sharp tools, (a truck driver)
8. Sally Maugham rearranged her work hours to spend
more time at home, when her daughter Susan started
attending school, (an accountant)
9. Richard Fame does not like the climate in Texas. He
would like to move to Florida, (a travel agent)
10. Bridget Goldstein met lots of people at a gathering of
computer game fans, an accountant and a university
professor among them, (a housewife)
11. Eileen Russel had to abandon reading when her vision
deteriorated last year, (a retired nurse)
12. When Robert Baldwin got sick and tired of his work,
he decided he needed a change of scenery and spent a
fortnight in Malta, (a bank officer)
13. After 10 years in the profession, Maria realized that
there is much more money in being a mortician, (a
beautician)
22.
4 ,
.
:
? (,
:
). ,
,
,
,
.
 1. - - - 13. - - -
2. - - -
3. - - - 24.
4. - - -
5. - - - ,
6. - - - ,
7. - - - .
8. - - -
9. - - - 1. - - -
10. - - - 2. - - -
11. - - - 3. - - -
12. - - - 4. - - -
13. - - - 5. - - -
6. - - -
23. 7. - - -
8. - - -
. , 9. - - -
, ( 10. - - -
) 11. - - -
. 12. - - -

:
25.
,

.

, 1845
1. - - - .
2. - - - :
3. - - - 1.
4. - - - ,
5. - - - ?
6. - - - 2.
7. - - - , ? (1
8. - - - 1,6 ,
9. - - - ,
10. - - - , ).
11. - - -
12. - - -
 Mobile, Ala 1258 miles
Nashville, Ten 939 miles
Ohio Canal Pittsburgh, Pa 387 miles
Table of distances St. Louis, Mo 1080 miles
From Cleveland to Boston 21 miles Talahassee, Fl 1121 miles
New Portage 44 miles
Fulton 56 miles 26.
Bethlehem 71 miles
Dover 93 miles .
Port Washington 112 miles :
Roscoe 135 miles 1.
Dresden 151 miles ?
Newark 176 miles 2.
Hebron 185 miles ?
Lancaster 214 miles 3.
Circleville 236 miles ?
Portsmouth 309 miles 4.
?
5.
?
, 6. ?
. (
United Kingdom: Members of Parliament by Party
, ). Conservative - 196
, Democratic Unionist - 9
, . Independent - 2
. Independent Labour - 1
Table of distances of the principal cities and towns in the Labour - 352
United States from the city of New York Liberal Democrat - 63
Augasta, Ga 805 miles Plaid Cymru - 3
Annapolis, Md 217 miles Respect - 1
Charleston, S.C 769 miles Scottish National - 6
Cincinnati, 722 miles Sinn Fein - 5
Detroit, Mich 625 miles Social Democratic & Labour Party - 3
Indianapolis, la 752 miles Ulster Unionist - 1
Little Rock, Ark 1293 miles Speaker and Deputies - 4
Louisville, Ky 815 miles
 27.
1. The United States presidential election of 2004 was
.
held on Tuesday 2 November 2004. The incumbent

President, Republican George W. Bush of Texas
:
defeated his main rival, Democratic Senator John F.
1. Kerry of Massachusetts with 5 1 % of the popular vote,
? the first president elect since his father George H.W.
2. ? Bush in 1988 to receive more than 50% of the popular
3. ? vote, largely a result of Ross Perot's 19% of the vote
4. in 1992 and 8% in 1996. The election was also the clos
? est reelection campaign in American history.
5.
2. In his successful bid for reelection in 2004,
?
Republican George W. Bush won the popular vote in
6. ? 255 of the nation's 435 congressional districts, a 75-
seat edge over Democrat John Kerry's 180. At 255,
the President won 27 more districts than the 228 he
(%) carried in the 2000 election.
310 (68.89%)
3. There were 59 "turnover" or "split" districts, i.e.,

those represented in the U.S. House by a member of a
47 (10.44%) party other than the winner of the presidential vote in
33 (7.33%) the district. Following the 2004 election, 41 districts
of the 109th Congress were carried by Bush yet repre
(- ) 27 (6.00%) sented by a Democrat; 18 districts were carried by
- John Kerry yet represented by a Republican.
(
4. This is the first time since George H.W. Bush in 1988

that the winning candidate has won the majority of
-
the popular vote. Although Bush received a majority
) , , 6 (3,56%)
of the popufar vote: 50.73% to Kerry's 48.27%, it
,
was, percentage-wise, the closest popular margin ever

for a sitting President.
16 (3.56%)
5. Bush received 2.5% more than Kerry; the closest pre
vious margin won by a sitting President was 3.2% for
28. Woodrow Wilson in 1916. In terms of absolute num

ber of popular votes, his victory margin (approxi
2004 .
mately 3 million votes) was the smallest of any sitting
President since Harry S. Truman in 1948.
Results of the Presidential Elections in the USA November 6. At least 12 million more votes were cast than in the
2004
2000 election. Based upon 2000 census figures,
 42.45% of the U.S. population voted in the 2004 elec Democratic Solid South to the Republican South.
tion. Note that this is a percentage of the entire pop 11. Minor-party candidates received many fewer votes,
ulation, not Of just eligible voters. The record dropping from a total of 3.5% in 2000 to approxi
turnout-the highest since 1968-was attributed partly mately one percent. As in 2000, Ralph Nader finished
to the intensity of the division between the candidates in third place, but his total declined from 2.9 million
and partly to intensive voter registration and get-out- to 400,000, leaving him with fewer votes than
the-vote efforts by both major parties and their allies. Reform Party candidate Pat Buchanan had received
7. Owing to the nation's growing population and large in finishing fourth in 2000. The combined minor-
turnout, both Pres. Bush and Sen. Kerry received party total was the lowest since 1988.
more votes than any previous presidential candidate 12. Without the gains received in Texas, the Republicans
in American history. The previous record was held by would have suffered a net loss of three seats in the
Republican Ronald Reagan, who in 1984 received House. The number of Republican seats in Texas pos
more votes than any other presidential candidate in sibly changed due to the controversial and unusual
American history (54.4 million). The counties where 2003 Texas redistricting. Unlike in most states, the
Bush led in the popular vote amount to 83% of the Texas legislature was unable to redistrict prior to the
geographic area of the U.S. 2002 elections, instead having its districting imposed
8. Between the 2000 and 2004 elections, the House of by a federal judge.
Representatives (and therefore the Electoral College) 13. Ironically enough, the big issue in 2000 had been the
had been reapportioned per the results of the 2000 fact that Bush had won despite losing the popular
Census. If Bush won exactly the same states as he won vote. Yet, if Kerry had won Ohio, he would have won
in 2000, he would win by a margin of 278-260, a net the election and still would have lost the popular vote.
gain of 7 electoral votes over his performance in 2000.
9. Only three states picked a winner from a different 29.
party than they had in 2000. Bush took Iowa and New
Mexico (combined 12 electoral votes), both won by .
Democrat Al Gore in 2000, while Kerry took New
Hampshire (4 electoral votes), which Bush had previ
ously won. Bush received a net gain of 8 electoral 1. - 61, - 44
votes from these switches. All three were very close 2. - 32, - 55
states in both 2000 and 2004, and none gained or lost 3. - 36, - 58
electoral votes due to reapportionment. 4. - 45, - 31
10. As in 2000, electoral votes split along sharp geo 5. - 91, - 62
graphical lines: The west coast, northeast, and most 6. - 86, - 47
of the Great Lakes region for Kerry, and the South, 7. - 51, - 66
Great Plains, and Mountain states for Bush. The 8. - 90, - 41
widespread support for Bush in the southern states 9. - 27, - 81
continued the transformation of the formerly 10. - 46, - - 94
11. - 65, - 20 9. - 13.00, - 7.00
12. - 56, - 63 10. - 4.00, - 13.00
13. - 98, - 82 11. - 8.00, - 17.00
12. - 13.00, - 3.00
13. - 7.00, - 18.00
1. - 1246, - 359
2. - 420, - 251 31.
3. - 509, - 350 ,
4. - 852, - 299 .
5. - 876, - 263
6. - 972, - 962 ,
7. - 964, - 353 .
8. - 354, - 357
9. -961, -218 ,
10. - 352, - 389 , ,
11. - 356, - 212 -,
12. - 234, - 351 .
13. - 966, - 385
.
30. .

. 1. 230-7788 14. 974-3217
, 2. 725-5724 15. 148-3611
, 3. 933-4257 16. 974-7444
, , 19.00 15.30 4. 299-8634 17. 214-1919
, , 5. 238-3545 18. 543-9350
; . 952-4S6& 19. 959-0901
7p.m. 3.30 p.m. . 7. 205-4970 20. 240-6608
8. 681-7575 21. 937-5430
1. - 17.00, - 6.00 9. 929-3458 22. 201-2141
2. - 12.00, - 15.00 10. 777-1998 23. 937-2137
3. - 13.00, - 5.00 11. 971-0348 24. 235-8128
4. - 14.00, - 22.00 12. 937-9447 25. 238-4798
5. - 20.00, - 13.00 13. 933-2870 26. 705-9393
6. - 21.00, - 14.00
7. - 13.00, - 20.00
8. - 7.00, - 15.00
 32. 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
. Ireland is a kingdom with a monarch as head of state.
1. Australia is the largest island and the smallest conti
nent in the world. Its territory is about 7,700,000
square kilometers.
2. The second largest island is Greenland with its terri
tory of over 2,000,000 square kilometers.
3. The Russian island of Sakhalin ranks the 25th. Its
territory is 75,100 square kilometers.
4. The three largest seas are the Coral Sea, the Arabian
Sea and Nan Sea in South China.
5. Next comes the Mediterranean Sea with its area of
over 2,500,000 square kilometers.
6. The Bering Sea takes the fifth place, the sea of
Okhotsk is the seventh and the Barents Sea - the 10th
place on the list of largest seas.
7. The largest lake is the Caspian Sea, t h a t covers
371,000 square kilometers.
8. The great Russian lake Baikal is only the eighth on
the list with 31,500 square kilometers.
9. The longest river is Nile, which flows north from the
Sudan t h r o u g h the t e r r i t o r y of Egypt to the
Mediterranean Sea.
10. The second longest river, the Amazon, is, however,
only 120 kilometers shorter, that is 6,570 kilometers
long.
11. There are four Russian rivers on the list: Yenisey,
Amur, Ob and Lena. The longest of these is 5,870
kilometers long.
12. The largest cfesert is Sahara in North Africa. Its ter
ritory is 8,600,000 square kilometers.
13. The highest mountain is Everest - 8,850 meters high.
33. 34.
. .
The Prime Minister appoints the cabinet.
2. The country is governed by the bicameral Parliament
comprising an elected 659- member House of
Commons, and a House of Lords with hereditary
peers, life peers, Anglican bishops and law lords.
3. The crowns of Scotland and England were united in
1603, when James VI of Scotland succeeded Elizabeth
I to the English throne and became James I.
4. The parliaments were united under the Act of Union
in 1707.
5. A proposal for devolution failed in a referendum in
1979, but another in 1997 gave it overwhelming
approval.
6. Scotland has a separate legal and educational system
and other institutions which are distinct from those
of England or Wales.
7. A Scottish parliament with tax-raising powers was
elected and officially opened on July 1, 1999.
8. The Northern Ireland parliament was abolished in
1972 as a result of Ulster "Troubles".
9. A 78-member Assembly was formed in 1973 and
replaced by a Constitutional Convention in 1975.
10. Under the 1985 Anglo-Irish Agreement, the Republic
of Ireland was given a consultative role in the govern
ment of Northern Ireland.
11. Wales was politically united with England at the Act
of Union in 1535.
12. A referendum in 1979 opposed devolution, but anoth
er in 1997 narrowly approved it.
13. The opening session of the Welsh Assembly was held
in J u n e 1999.
,
 -, -. destroyed during the earthquake in the 6th century AD.
11. Pharos of Alexandria, a marble lighthouse, was con
"Seven Wonders of the World" structed in the 3rd century . Possibly standing 122
1. The Great Pyramid of Cheops on the western bank of meters high, it was destroyed by an earthquake in 1375.
the Nile River in Egypt was built about 2690 or 12. The Colossus of Rhodes was the name of 32- meters
earlier. This is the oldest and the only "surviving" high bronze statue of the sun-god Helios (or Apollo)
wonder. erected in the harbour of this Greek island.
2. The length of each side is about 230 meters, the orig 13. The sculptor Chares supposedly laboured for 12 years
inal height was 147 meters but the top has been flat before he completed it about 270 . It was destroyed
tened to about 137 meters. by an earthquake in 224 .
3. It took 10 years just to prepare the site and 20 years
to built the pharaoh's tomb. 35.
4. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon date back to the 6th ( + ). (,
century . The gardens were called "Hanging" 16-2003)
because they were situated on platform terraces built : ,
upon arches. These terraced gardens were said to rise
from 23 to 91 meters. ,
5. They were supposedly built by t h e King
Nebuchadnezzar to please his wife, a princess from ,
the mountains, but they are also associated with the .
Assyrian Queen Semiramis. - .
6. The Temple of Artemis (or Diana) at Ephesus, in Asia
Minor, was begun in about 350 and took some 120 1. 18 .
years to build. .
7. An imposing marble structure more than 122 meters 2. -
long with over 100 columns 18 meters high was ,
destroyed by the Goths in 262 AD. , , .
8. The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Asia Minor, was 3. - 13,5 .
erected by Queen Artemisia in memory of her hus . -
band King Mausolus, who died in 353 . 46 . .
9. It stood 43 meters high. All t h a t remains are a few 4.
pieces in the British Museum and the international - 49 . .
word "mausoleum". 5. , ,
10. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia completed about 462 ,
marked the site of the original Olympic Games. It was , .
constructed of ivory and gold, and showed Zeus 6. .
(Jupiter) on his throne. It is believed to have been , .
 7. - , changed during the last century and a half.
, 6. Throughout the 19th century, 90% of immigrants
- . were coming from Europe.
8. , , , 7. In 1901 - 1930 their number dropped by 1 0 % , while
: the immigration from North and South America grew
-. up by almost 1 0 % .
9. 8. In 1971 - 1980 there were only 18% immigrants com
. - 79 . . ing from Europe and 44% immigrants coming from
10. - 77, - 84, North and South America.
- 92-96. 9. During the same period, the immigration from Asia
11. 100- grew more then tenfold - from 3% to 3 5 % .
( , 10. Thus, during the hundred years from 1880 to 1980,
). the number of European-born immigrants coming
12. - 55 into the US decreased from 90% to 12% .
. 11. During the same period, the immigration from Asia
13. - grew from 2% to 4 8 % .
186 171 . . 12. The peak for the immigration from North and South
America was the 1970-1980 decade - 4 4 % .
36. 13. The most insignificant figure - from 1% in 1881-
( + + ). 1890 to 3% in 1980-1984 - is "Others", which means
those who were born not in Europe, Asia or America.
, "Others" (
). ( ), 37.
. ( + + ).
:
Legal immigration admitted to the US by region of birth in In government () -
1881 - 1984
1. In 1790, when the first census was carried out, the US first language -
population was 3,929, 214 people.
2. That included 697,681 slaves. India: facts & figures
3. By 1993, the population grew up to 258,103,721. 1. For 200 years, India was controlled by the British.
4. America is often called the nation of immigrants both 2. Since independence in 1947, food production and
because of its history and because at present the US health care have improved and Indians now live 25
continues to take more immigrants than any other years longer, on average.
country in the world. 3. Education has also improved: twice as many people
5. The structure of legal immigration admitted to the can now read and write.
US by region of b i r t h , however, has drastically 4. Industrial production is now six times bigger than in
 1947 and India has become one of the largest indus ,
trial nations.
5. The population of India is 1 billion and by 2050 it will - .
have grown to 1.6 billion. 2.
6. The territory of India is 3,287,590 square kilometers. -,
7. It is 3,000 km wide with a coastline of 7,000 km.
8. New Delhi is the capital of India but Bombay is the
largest city with the population of 12.5 million people. , -.
9. Hindi, English and 14 other languages are the official 3.
languages in India. ,
10. Only about 3% of the population speak English, but (,
many people do not accept Hindi as an official lan ,
guage, so English is used a lot in government, educa ).
tion, science and business. 4.
11. It is also the language that many Indians use to speak
to each other if they don't share the same first lan .
guage. 5.
12. India is a multiconfessional country: about 8 3 % of ?
Indians are Hindu. ().
13. About 1 1 % Indians are Muslim and there are large ,
groups of Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jain. ( - )
.
38. 6.
. ,
, -.
XX -, - .
. 7.
.
XX .
1957 16 .
. 14
.
XX .
1. 20 - 8.

XX . , 1974 .
, , -
 -,
. , 2.2.
-
.

1981 .
9. .
1976 . ,
, . , .
125 ,
.
I.
10. -
1960-1970 (1, 2, 3 ..).
. 3,2 - 40 ,
. , .
. ,
1 000 000
1.

. .
2.
11. -,
,
1930-1931 . 40
145 . .
381 , 102 ,
3.
.
,
12.
. - 4 200 . 145 . .

4.
260 , , 746 ,
,
.
2002
100 . 145 . .
13. -
5.
22 .
,
2002
1740 . 70- 20 145 . .
-
6.
, 50- ,
2002 ,
1994 .
 10 . , 10%. 5. One artificial language, Esperanto, invented by the
10. Polish scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has enjoyed some
2002 , success.
, , 6. One artificial language, Esperanto, invented by the
10 . , Polish scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has enjoyed some
10% . success and is spoken by several million speakers.
11. 7. One artificial language, Esperanto, invented by the
2002 , Polish scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has enjoyed some
, , success and is spoken by several million speakers
10 . , throughout the world.
10% . 8. One artificial language, Esperanto, invented by the
12. Polish scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has enjoyed some
2002 , success and is at present spoken by several million
, , speakers throughout the world.
10 . , 9. Although there were constant attempts, only one
10% artificial language, Esperanto, invented by the Polish
. scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has enjoyed some success
13. and at present is spoken by several million speakers
2002 , throughout the world.
, , 10. Although there were constant attempts to create a uni
10 . , versal language, only one artificial language,
10% Esperanto, invented by the Polish scholar Zamenhof in
. 1877, has enjoyed some success and at present is spo
ken by several million speakers throughout the world.
3 ( ). 11. Although there were constant attempts to create a
universal language, a lingua franca, only one artifi
- (Ml, 2, 3 ..). cial language, Esperanto, invented by the Polish
, scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has enjoyed some success
, and at present is spoken by several million speakers
. throughout the world.
1. One artificial language has enjoyed some success. 12. Although, since the scattering at Babel, there were
2. One artificial language, Esperanto, has enjoyed some constant attempts to create a universal language, a
success. lingua franca, only one artificial language, Esperanto,
3. One artificial language, Esperanto, invented by invented by the Polish scholar Zamenhof in 1877, has
Zamenhof, has enjoyed some success. enjoyed some success and at present is spoken by sev
4. One artificial language, Esperanto, invented by the eral million speakers throughout the world.
Polish scholar Zamenhof, has enjoyed some success. 13. Although, since the scattering at Babel, there were
 constant attempts to create a universal language, a Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the
lingua franca, only one artificial language, harvest with processions and parades.
Esperanto, invented by the Polish scholar Zamenhof 9. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like
in 1877, has enjoyed some success and at present is Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon
spoken, it is claimed, by several million speakers cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or
throughout the world. Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the
harvest with processions and parades, sing and dance.
4 ( ). 10. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon
- (Ml, 2, 3 ..). cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or
, Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the
, harvest with processions and parades, sing and dance,
. taste new beer - in Germany.
11. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like
1. Most nations have some harvest festival customs. Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon
2. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or
Oktoberfest in Bavaria. Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the
3. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like harvest with processions and parades, sing and dance,
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa. taste new beer - in Germany, the newly gathered rice -
4. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like in Japan.
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon 12. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like
cake festival in China. Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon
5. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the
cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan. harvest with processions and parades, sing and dance,
6. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like taste new beer - in Germany, the newly gathered rice -
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon in Japan, eat moon cakes made of lotus, sesame and
cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or fruit in China.
Thanksgiving in the USA. 13. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like
7. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or
cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the
Thanksgiving in the USA, when people celebrate the harvest with processions and parades, sing and dance,
harvest. taste new beer - in Germany, the newly gathered rice -
8. Most nations have some harvest festival customs like in Japan, eat moon cakes made of lotus, sesame and
Oktoberfest in Bavaria, Yam in West Africa, Moon fruit in China and turkey in the USA.
cake festival in China, Rice festival in Japan or
 5. 1. In the year 800 Celtic tribes begin to move from the
. 3 European continent to the British Isles and settle there.
, . 2. In the year 55 Julius Caesar first comes to the
. British Isles and in the first century AD the Roman
invasion begins.
. - 3. For 5 centuries Britain remains a Roman province.
. 4. When the Roman legions leave Britain, the Celts have
(): to defend themselves against Angles, Saxons and Jutes.
. , 5. Anglo-Saxons settle in Britain from the 5th century
(, onwards, giving the name to the country and to the lan
, guage and forcing the Celts into Cornwall and Wales.
): 6. In the 7th century the union of 7 Anglo-Saxon king
, doms takes shape.
, , , 7. In 8th century Venerable Bede writes "History of the
1877 , English Church and People".
, 8. The 9th century becomes the century of Viking raids.
, 9. In 851 the Danes attempt a major invasion by sea and
. start to settle on land.
10. By the end of the 9th century England is divided into
6. roughly equal halves, the Danelaw, lying north and
; , east and Saxon England, lying south and west of a
, road to Chester.
.. 13 . 11. In 1066 William the Conqueror defeats Anglo-Saxons
at the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest of
, England is successful.
7, - 6. 12. In 1215 during the reign of King John the Magna
,
- Carta, which begins the nation's constitutional devel
opment, is signed.
. 13. With the signing of the Magna Carta, England
achieves a measure of internal peace.
( 7.
, ; ,
,
"Longman New Universal .. 13 .
Dictionary").
,
 7, - 6. 9.
, , ,
- , ..

. .
,
1. Russia has been settled by many ethnic groups, ini ,
tially Slavs, Turks and Bulgars. - .
2. The Byzantine Christian Church was established by
the end of the 10th century. () ,
3. Moscow became the centre of political power in the -
north during the 14th century. /.
4. The overlordship of the Mongol Golden Horde was
challenged successfully from 1380. 1. .
5. Ivan III proclaimed himself "Sovereign of all Russia" 2. .
in 1480. 3. .
6. Ivan IV (the Terrible) doubled the size of the empire 4. .
during his reign. 5. .
7. He conquered the Khans of Kazan and Astrakhan. 6.
8. He moved the borders closer to the Baltic Sea. .
9. But Ivan's violent temper deprived Russia of the succes 7.
sor who would have continued the consolidation process. .
10. In 1581, in a fit of rage, Ivan struck his eldest son and 8.
mortally wounded him. .
11. When Ivan the Terrible died in 1581, his domains 9. . , -
were left in the hands of Feodor Ivanovich, his feeble .
minded younger son. 10. .
12. Feodor Ivanovich produced no heirs and his death in , , - .
1598 led to the demise of the House of Rurik. 11.
13. The 7 centuries of the Rurikoviches reigning in ,
Russia came to an end. .
12.
8. .
. 1 13.
, . ,
- .
 .
10. -
. .
, -
1.
,
, .
..
:
.
: How many were going to St. Ives?
Oner. (. ,
1. One wonderful widow.
, .. ).
2. Two tricky tasks.
3. Three thrifty thieves.
As I was going to St. Ives,
4. Four frivolous frogs.
I met a man with seven wives;
5. Five flying flags.
Each wife had seven sacks,
6. Six simple stories.
Each sack had seven cats,
7. Seven smiling snakes in the sun.
Each cat had seven kits:
8. Eight alien apes ate apricots.
Kits, cats, sacks, and wives,
9. Nine naughty nephews and naive nieces.
How many were going to St. Ives?
10. Ten trains tore through the tunnel.
11. Eleven ill-advised employers encouraged illegal
2.
immigrants.
:
12. Twelve tweed-clad twins were twisting in the twi
light. ( ) -
? ( ,
13. Thirteen thin thieves thrust through the thicket.
: William - Bill, Catherine - Cathy, Elizabeth -
Betsy, Bess, Betty). (
) :
2.3.
Elisabeth, Elspeth, Betsy and Bess,
1.1, , They all went together to seek a bird's nest.
, - They found a bird's nest with five eggs in,
, . They all took one, and left four in.
2
. .
, , , .

. , - , ampersand,
- , & .. "and".
:
 1. , , was a Butcher, and had a great dog.
W. was a Captain, all covered with lace,
( ) D was a Drummer, and had a red face.
. E was an Esquire, with pride on his brow,
2. "it"? F was a Farmer, and followed the plough.
G was a Gamester, who had but ill luck,
A APPLE-PIE; M mourned for it; H was a Hunter, and hunted a buck.
bit it; N nodded at it; I was an Innkeeper, who loved to bouse,
cut it; opened it; J was a Joiner, and built up a house.
D dealt it; P peeped in it; was a King, so mighty and grand,
E ate it; Q quartered it; L was a Lady, who had a white hand.
F fought for it; R ran for it; M was a Miser, and hoarded up gold,
G got it; S stole for it; N was a Nobleman, gallant and bold.
H had it; T took it; was an Oyster Wench, and went about town,
J joined it; V viewed it; P was a Parson, and wore a black gown.
kept it; W wanted it; Q was a Queen, who was fond of good flip,
L longed for it; X, Y, Z, and ampersand, R was a Robber, and wanted a whip.
All wished for a piece in hand. S was a Sailor, who spent all he got,
T was a Tinker, and mended a pot.
: U was an Usurer, a miserable elf,
1. . . V was a Vintner, who drank all himself.
2. Apple-pie. W was a Watchman, and guarded the door,
X was expensive, and so became poor.
4. Y was a Youth, that did not love school,
, . Z was a Zany, a poor harmless fool.
,
bouse, vintner, 5.
, .
.
: 1. .
1. , 2. (
"This is...").
, , . 3.
2. ? , - .
? ? ?
3. . 1. This is the house that Jack built.
A was an Archer, and shot at a frog, 2. This is the malt
 That lay in the house that Jack built. That tossed the dog,
3. This is the rat, That worried the cat,
That ate the malt,
That kill'd the rat,
That lay in the house that Jack built.
That ate the malt,
4. This is the cat,
That lay in the house that Jack built.
That kill'd the rat,
10. This is the cock that crow'd in the morn,
That ate the malt,
That waked the priest all shaven and shorn,
That lay in the house that Jack built. That married the man all tatter'd and torn,
5. This is the dog, That kiss'd the maiden all forlorn,
That worried the cat, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn,
That kill'd the rat,
That tossed the dog,
That ate the malt,
That worried the cat,
That lay in the house that Jack built. That kill'd the rat,
6. This is the cow with the crumpled horn, That ate the malt,
That toss'd the dog, That lay in the house that Jack built.
That worried the cat, 11. This is the farmer sowing his corn.
That kill'd the rat, That kept the cock that crow'd in the morn.
That ate the malt, That waked the priest all shaven and shorn,
That lay in the house that Jack built. That married the man all tatter'd and torn,
7. This is the maiden, all forlorn, That kiss'd the maiden all forlorn,
That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn, That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn,
That tossed the dog,
That tossed the dog,
That worried the cat,
That worried the cat,
That kill'd the rat,
That kill'd the rat,
That ate the malt,
That ate the malt,
That lay in the house that Jack built.
That lay in the house that Jack built.
8. This is the man all tatter'd and torn,
That kissed the maiden all forlorn, 6.
That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn.
, .
That tossed the dog, That worried the cat,
:
That killed the rat,
That ate the malt, 1. ,
That lay in the house that Jack built. .
9. This is the priest all shaven and shorn, 2.
That married the man all tatter'd and torn, ?
That kiss'd the maiden all forlorn,
That milk'd the cow with the crumpled horn
 -.
. - - .
- . - -.
-, - . - .
. . - - .
. . .
( : !) -.
-. -. - -.
- -. - --.
-. -. - -.
-. -. - -.
- -.
--? --! 8.
-. -. , .
--! -? : -
, : - ?
-----?
- .
----? - .
-. -. -,
- -. - -.
, ,
7. -.
, . -.
: -.
? -.
? -.
-.
. -.
- . - .
-. -.
-. - - .
-. - ?
-. ---?
- - . -?
- - , .
-. , -?
 9. This pious old lady of Leeds.
2. There was a sick man of Tobago
. Lived long on rice-gruel and sago;
But at last, to his bliss,
, , , The physician said this:
- ! "To a roast leg of mutton you may go."
: 3. There was a young fellow named Hall,
- , ! Who fell in the spring in the fall.
: , , , "Twould have been a sad thing
, , , , Had he died in the spring.
, But he didn't - he died in the fall."
, , 4. There was an old man of St. Bees,
, Who was stung in the arm by a Wasp.
. When asked, "Does it hurt?"
, : He replied, "No, it doesn't;
- . I'm 50 glad that it wasn't a Hornet."
: , , (W.S.Gilbert)
-, 5. There was a young man of Oporta,
- Who daily got shorter and shorter.
--, The reason, he said,
-, Was the hod on his head.
-, Which was filled with the heaviest mortar.
- (Lewis Carroll)
-. 6. There was a young lady of station,
"I love man," was her sole exclamation;
But when men cried, "You flatter"
10. She replied, "Oh! No matter,
- . Isle of Man is the true explanation."
: (Lewis Carroll)
, , 7. The Reverend Henry Beecher
Called a hen a most elegant creature.
, - . The hen, pleased with that,
Laid an egg in his hat -
1. There was an old lady of Leeds, And thus did the hen reward Beecher.
Who spent all her time in good deeds; (Oliver Wendell Holmes)
She worked for the poor 8. There was an old man of the Cape,
Till her fingers were sore, Who made himself garments of crepe.
 When asked, "Do they tear?"
He replied, "Here and there;
But they're perfectly splendid for shape."
(Robert Louis Stevenson)
9. There once was a boy in Quebec,
Who was buried in snow to his neck,
When asked, "Are you friz?"
He replied, "Yes, I is,
But we don't call this cold in Quebec."
(Rudyard Kipling)
10 There was a young woman of Glasgow,
Whose party proved quite a fiasco;
At nine-thirty, about,
The lights all went out
Through a lapse on the part of the Gas Co.
11. There was a young person from Perth,
Who was born on the day of his birth.
He was married, they say,
On his wife's wedding day,
And died when he quitted this earth.
12. There once was a spinster from Wheeling,
Endowed with such delicate feeling
That she thought any chair
Should not have its legs bare,
So she kept her eyes fixed on the ceiling.
13. There's a clever old miser who tries
Every method to e-con-omise.
He said with a wink,
"I save gallons of ink
By simply not dotting my i's".
14. Said the fair-haired Rebecca of Klondike,
"Of you I'm exceedingly fond, Ike.
To prove I adore you
I'll dye, darling, for you,
And be a brunette, not a blonde, Ike."
15. A railroad official at Crewe
Met an engine one day that he knew.
Though he nodded and bowed,
The engine was proud,
And cut him - it cut him in two.
16. There was a young lady of Venice,
Who used hard-boiled eggs to play tennis.
When they said, "It seems wrong."
She remarked, "Go along!
You don't know how prolific my hen is!"
17. There was a brave damsel from Brighton,
Whom nothing could possibly frighten.
She plunged in the sea
And with infinite glee
Rode away on the back of a Triton.
18. There was a young man of South Bay,
Making fireworks one summer day.
He dropped his cigar
In the gunpowder jar...
There was a young man of South Bay.
19. There was a young girl, a sweet lamb,
Who smiled as she entered a tram.
After she had embarked
The conductor remarked,
"Your fare." And she said, "Yes, I am."
20. A Turk named Abdullah Ben Barum
Had sixty-five wives in his harem.
When his favourite horse died,
"Mighty Allah," he cried,
"Take a few of my wives. I can spare' em."
21. There once was a girl of New York,
Whose body was lighter than cork;
She had to be fed
For six weeks upon lead,
Before she went out for a walk.
22. The hands, they were made to assist
In supplying the features with grist.
There are only a few -
As a rule about two -
 And are hitched to the end of the wrist.
(Anthony Euwer)
23. As a beauty I'm not a great star,
There are others more handsome by far,
But my face, I don't mind it,
Because I'm behind it -
Tis the folks in the front that I jar.
(Anthony Euwer)
24. There was a young man of Montrose
Who had pockets in none of his clothes.
When asked by his lass
Where he carried his brass,
He said, "Darling, I pay through the nose."
(Arnold Bennett)
25. An angry young husband named Bickett
Said, "Turn yourself round and I'll kick it.
You have painted my wife
In the nude to the life.
Do you think, Mr Greene, that was cricket?"
(John Galsworthy)
26. There was a young lass from Dundee,
Whose knowledge of French was "Oui, oui."
When they asked, "Paries vous?"
She replied, "Same to you."
A fine bit of fast repartee.
(Langford Reed)
27. An indolent vicar of Bray
His roses allowed to decay.
His wife, more alert,
Bought a powerful squirt
And said to her spouse, "Let us spray."
28. There was an old lady who said
When she found a thief under her bed,
"Get up from the floor;
You're too near the door,
And you may catch a cold in your head."
29. To his wife said a grumbler named Dutton,
"I'm a gourmet, I am, not a glutton.
For ham, jam, or lamb
I don't give a damn.
Come on, let's return to our mutton."
30. Said a foolish householder of Wales,
"An odor of coal-gas prevails."
She then struck a light,
And later that night
Was collected in seventeen pails.
31. There was a young man at the War Office,
Whose brain was no good as a store office.
Every warning severe
Simply went in one ear
And out at the opposite orifice.
32. A collegiate damsel named Breeze,
Weighed down by B. A.'s and Litt. D.'s,
Collapsed from the strain.
Alas, it was plain
She was killing herself by degrees.
33. There once was a lady named Erskine,
Who had a remarkable fair skin.
When I said to her, "Mabel,
You'd look well in sable."
She answered, "I'm best in my bearskin."
34. There was a young fellow named Weir,
Who hadn't an atom of fear:
He indulged a desire
To touch a live wire...
- Most any last line will do here.
35. An oyster from Kalamazoo
Confessed he was feeling quite blue,
"For," he said, "as a rule,
When the weather turns cool,
I invariably get in a stew!"
36. There was a young lady named Rood,
Who was such an absolute prude
That she pulled down the blind
 When changing her mind
Lest a curious eye should intrude.
37. An amoeba named Sam, and his brother,
Were having a drink with each other;
In the midst of their quaffing
They split their sides laughing
And each of them now is a mother.
38. Miss Vera De Peyster Depew
Disdained anything that was new.
She said, "I do not
Know exactly W h a t ' s W h a t ,
But I know without question Who's Who."
39. There was an old codger of Broome.
Who kept a baboon in his room.
"It reminds me," he said,
"Of a friend who is dead."
But he never would tell us of whom.
40. There was a kind curate of Kew,
Who kept a large cat in a pew;
There he taught it each week
A new letter of Greek,
But it never got further than Mu.
4 1 . There was an old lady of Harrow,
Whose views were exceedingly narrow.
At the end of her paths
She built two bird baths
For the different sexes of sparrow.
42. There was a young fellow named Sydney,
Who drank till he ruined his kidney.
It shriveled and shrank.
As he sat there and drank,
But he'd had a good time at it, didn't he?
4 3 . There were three little birds in a wood,
Who always sang hymns when they could;
What the words were about
They could never make out,
But they felt it was doing them good.
44. There was a young lady of Lynn,
Who was so uncommonly thin
That when she essayed
To drink lemonade,
She slipped through the straw and fell in.
45. There was a young man of Bengal,
Who went to a fancy-dress ball;
He went, just for fun,
Dressed up as a bun.
And a dog ate him up in the hall.
46. An eccentric old person of Slough,
Who took all his meals with a cow,
Always said, "It's uncanny,
She's so like Aunt Fanny."
But he never would indicate how.
47. There was an old lady of Brooking,
Who had a great genius for cooking;
She could bake sixty pies,
All quite the same size,
And tell which was which without looking.
48. There was an old lady of Rye,
Who was baked by mistake in a pie;
To the household's disgust
She emerged through the crust,
And exclaimed, with a yawn, "Where am I?"
49. There was an old lady of Herm,
Who tied bows on the tail of a worm;
Said she, "You look festive,
But don't become restive,
You'll wriggle 'em off if you squirm."
50. There was a young man of Japan,
Who wrote verse t h a t never would scan.
When they said, "But the thing
Doesn't go with a swing,"
He said, "Yes, but I always like to get as many words into
the last line as I possibly can."
5 1 . There was an old skinflint named Green,
 Who grew so abnormally lean We are bound to be late -
And flat and compressed, Drive faster!" - He did, and they are!
That his back squeezed his chest.
And sideways he couldn't be seen.
52. As they fished his old plane from the sea
The inventor just chortled with glee. 2.4.
"I shall build," and he laughed,
"A submarine craft,
And perhaps it will fly. We shall see." .
53. There was an old loony of Lyme,
Whose candour was simply sublime;
When they asked, "Are you there?" .
"Yes," he said, "but take care, , ,
For I'm never all there' at a time."
54. When her daughter got married in Bicester,
Her mother remarked as she kissed her. , .
"That fellow you've won
Is sure to be fun -
Since tea he's kissed me and your sister." -
55. There was a young maiden of Siam, .
Who said to her lover, young Kiam, .
"If you kiss me, of course
You will have to use force - 32 5/9, , ,
But God knows you are stronger than I am." , ,
56. There was an old monk in Siberia, 32 .
Whose existence grew steadily drearier. , 1 mph
Till he broke from his cell 0.45 /,
With a hell of a yell ,
And eloped with the Mother Superior. ,
57. There was an old man, who averred .
He had learned how to fly like a bird.
Cheered by thousands of people 1. { )
He leapt from the steeple - 2 -
This tomb states the date it occurred.
58. A novice was driving a car ,
When, down Porlock, his son said, "Papa, .
If you drive at this rate
 2. at 5 to 10 mph.
11. Tomorrow night: A few clouds. Low 63F. Winds light
, and variable.
. 12. Thursday: Times of sun and clouds. Highs 98 to 102F
- 3 . and lows in the low 60s.
13. Friday: Partial sunshine. Highs in the upper 90s and
3. lows in the low 60s.
. 14. Saturday: Partly cloudy, chance of a thunderstorm.
. Highs in the upper 90s and lows in the low 60s.

Alabama, Andalusia
1. Today: Partly cloudy with a slight chance of thunder
storms. High 88F. Winds light and variable. Chance
of rain 30%.
2. Tonight: Isolated thunderstorms this evening, then
skies turning partly cloudy after midnight. Low 67F.
Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 30%.
3. Tomorrow: Some clouds and possibly an isolated
thunderstorms in the afternoon. High 86F. Winds
light and variable. Chance of rain 30%.
4. Tomorrow night: Isolated thunderstorms during the
evening, then skies turning partly cloudy overnight.
Low 68F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain
30%.
5. Thursday: Isolated thunderstorms. Highs in the
upper 80s and lows in the low 70s.
6. Friday: A few thunderstorms possible. Highs in the
low 90s and lows in the low 70s.
7. Saturday: Scattered thunderstorms. Highs in the low
90s and lows in the low 70s.
Nevada, Ash Springs
8. Today: Sunny to partly cloudy. High 101F. Winds
SSW at 10 to 15 mph.
9. Tonight: Clear to partly cloudy. Low 63F. Winds
WSW at 5 to 10 mph.
10. Tomorrow: Partly cloudy skies. High 99F. Winds SSE
4.
.
.
Texas, Atlanta
1. Today: Sun along with patchy clouds. High near 95F.
Winds S at 5 to 10 mph.
2. Tonight: Cloudy intervals. Low 71F. Winds S at 5 to
10 mph.
3. Tomorrow: Partly cloudy. High 93F. Winds SSW at 5
to 10 mph.
4. Tomorrow night: Clear to partly cloudy skies. Low
71F. Winds SSW at 5 to 10 mph.
5. Thursday: Partial sunshine. Highs in the mid 90s and
lows in the low 70s.
6. Friday: Partly cloudy. Highs in the mid 90s and lows
in the low 70s.
7. Saturday: Times of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid
90s and lows in the low 70s.
Wyoming, Afton
8. Today: A mix of clouds and sun. High near 85F. SE
winds shifting to WSW at 10 to 20 mph.
9. Tonight: Mostly clear. Low 47F. Winds WNW at 10
to 15 mph.
10. Tomorrow: Mostly sunny skies. High 86F. SSE winds
shifting to WSW at 10 to 15 mph.
 11. Tomorrow night: Clear to partly cloudy skies. Low
47F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph.
12. Thursday: Times of sun and clouds. Highs in the
upper 80s and lows in the mid 40s.
13. Friday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid 80s
and lows in the mid 40s.
14. Saturday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid
80s and lows in the mid 40s.
South Carolina, Anderson
15. Today: Sun along with patchy clouds. A stray thun
derstorm is possible. High 87F. Winds SSW at 5 to 10
mph.
16. Tonight: Cloudy intervals. Low around 70F. Winds
SW at 5 to 10 mph.
17. Tomorrow: A mix of clouds and sun with the chance of
an isolated thunderstorm in the afternoon. High 89F.
Winds WSW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
18. Tomorrow night: Scattered thunderstorms during the
evening, then partly cloudy overnight. Low around
70F. Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 40%.
19. Thursday: Partly cloudy. Highs in the upper 80s and
lows in the low 70s.
20. Friday: Partly cloudy, chance of a thunderstorm.
Highs in the low 90s and lows in the low 70s.
21. Saturday: Partly cloudy with a stray thunderstorm.
Highs in the low 90s and lows in the low 70s.
5. - ing in an abrupt end to the summer preview.
. We may see sleet and freezing rain developing across parts
Unsettled weather continues over the western US as a deep
trough swings in from the Pacific Ocean.
Steady rain moved into the Los Angeles area early Monday
morning and drifted southward during the afternoon. Snow lev
els over Southern California dipped to 5500 by late in the day.
A winter storm watch is in effect for the higher elevations
with six to twelve inches expected.
Rain and snow will slide eastward into the Intermountain
West by early Tuesday.
The heaviest snow will fall over the mountains of southern
Utah.
Rain showers may extend all the way down to Phoenix,
Arizona but will move out of Southern California. Winds will
continue to be a problem across much of the region.
By late Tuesday, low pressure will strengthen rapidly east
of the Rockies so cities like Denver should prepare for very
strong wind gusts by Tuesday night.
Many areas in the Northeast experienced a chilly start on
Monday but rapid changes are already occurring. A strong
westerly wind should keep sea breezes at bay allowing the mer
cury to soar into the 70s and 80s along the coast of New
England on Tuesday and it will be warm in the interior, as well.
A backdoor cold front will push southward through the
region Wednesday setting up a wintry end to the week.
Temperatures should fall back into the 30s and 40s for
highs Thursday and Friday as moisture makes a run at the
area from the west. A wintry mix of ice, sleet, and rain may
develop on Thursday.
Record warmth has dominated the scene across the
Midwest and Northern Plains over the last several days.
Monday featured record highs from the Great Lakes to the
Upper Midwest all the way down to Texas. The cruel reality is that
major changes are in the forecast over the next couple of days.
Cold air is ready to plunge southward from Canada result
of Wisconsin and Michigan by late Wednesday night and
Thursday.
In the meantime, look for one more very warm day that
will be full of record high temperatures. Energy from the
West Coast storm and moisture all the way from the Gulf of
Mexico are forecast to combine to bring a threat of severe
thunderstorms to the Plains by late Tuesday.
 Areas from Iowa to Texas will run the risk of the storms
before the colder air rushes in.
Spring is very much alive across the South with plenty of
sun and temperatures in the 80s over much of the region.
Tuesday will feature very little change as sunshine bathes
the region for another day.
Be careful in central Florida where the fire danger
remains quite high.
Energy ejecting out of the West Coast storm will destabi
lize the atmosphere across the Southern Plains late Tuesday
afternoon and evening allowing a few thunderstorms to fire.
Those storms may be severe with gusty winds and hail. The
Southeast should remain warm and quiet into Wednesday with
the next threat of rain coming with a cold front on Thursday
but rainfall amounts will be generally light.
A slow-moving area of low pressure will move from near
Cape Hatteras this afternoon to well east of Atlantic City,
N.J. by Saturday morning.
The heavier amounts of rain, mainly between a half of an
inch and one and a quarter inches, will fall over eastern
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, southeast New York and Southern
New England.
It will be windy once again today, especially over coastal
New Jersey where gale warnings are in effect and a coastal
flood warning has been posted where strong northeast winds
may drive the waves high up the shores.
Flood watches remain in effect for western North Carolina
where the rain amounts are not expected to be very heavy, but
some streams that are already high may flood with only a
small amount of precipitation.
All winter storm warnings and advisories have been
dropped in North Carolina, but the higher elevations in
Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina may still get an
inch or two or snow.
NBl ,
, ,
.
!
.
6.
.
1. Indonesia, Ambon
Tonight: Thunderstorms likely. Low 77F. Winds SE
at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 90%. Rainfall near a
half an inch.
Tomorrow: Thunderstorms. High 82F. Winds ESE at
15 to 25 mph. Chance of rain 90%.
Tomorrow night: Scattered thunderstorms in the
evening, then mainly cloudy overnight with thunder
storms likely. Low 77F. Winds SE at 10 to 20 mph.
Chance of rain 70%.
Thursday: Becoming windy with thunderstorms like
ly. High 82F. Winds ESE at 15 to 25 mph. Chance of
rain 90%.
Friday: A few thunderstorms possible. Highs in the
low 80s and lows in the mid 70s.
2. Nepal, Kathmandu
Today: Thunderstorms likely. High around 80F.
Winds light and variable. Chance of rain 70%.
Tonight: Thunderstorms this evening, then cloudy
with rain likely overnight. Low 67F. Winds light and
variable. Chance of rain 90%.
Tomorrow: Scattered thunderstorms in the morning
 becoming more widespread in the afternoon. High
near 80F. Winds SSE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain
60%.
Tomorrow night: Rain likely. Low 66F. Winds light
and variable. Chance of rain 90%. Rainfall around a
quarter of an inch.
Thursday: Thunderstorms likely. Highs in the low
80s and lows in the low 60s.
Friday: Mostly cloudy with scattered thunderstorms.
Highs in the low 80s and lows in the mid 60s.
Saturday: Thunderstorms. Highs in the low 80s and
lows in the mid 60s.
3. Antarctica, Great Wall
Today: Partly cloudy. High near 30F. Winds NNW at
10 to 20 mph.
Tonight: Partly cloudy this evening with more clouds
for overnight. Low 27F. Winds N at 15 to 25 mph.
Tomorrow: Gusty winds. Light snow likely in the
afternoon. High 32F. Winds N at 20 to 30 mph.
Chance of snow 60%.
Tomorrow night: Snow along with gusty winds at times.
Low 31F. Winds N at 25 to 35 mph. Chance of snow 90%.
Thursday: Mostly cloudy and windy with snow. Highs
in the low 30s and lows in the mid 20s.
Friday: Light snow and windy. Highs in the upper 20s
and lows in the mid teens.
Saturday: Occasional light snow. Highs in the mid
20s and lows in the low 20s.
4. New Zealand, Aukland
Today: Sunshine along with a few clouds. High 58F.
Winds NW at 10 to 20 mph.
Tonight: Windy. Periods of light rain overnight. Low near
55F. Winds NW at 15 to 25 mph. Chance of rain 70%.
Tomorrow: Windy with a steady light rain in the
morning. Showers continuing in the afternoon. High
58F. Winds SW at 15 to 25 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
Tomorrow night: A few clouds. Low 49F. Winds SW
at 10 to 15 mph.
Friday: Partial sunshine. Highs in the mid 50s and
lows in the upper 40s.
Saturday: Showers developing by evening. Highs in
the upper 50s and lows in the upper 40s.
Sunday: Windy, chance of showers. Highs in the mid
50s and lows in the upper 40s.
5. U.K.London
Tonight: Fair to partly cloudy. Low 64F. Winds ENE
at 5 to 10 mph.
Tomorrow: Partly cloudy. High 86F. Winds ENE at
10 to 15 mph.
Tomorrow night: Isolated thunderstorms in the
evening, overcast overnight with rain likely - a thun-
dershower is possible. Low 62F. Winds SSE at 5 to 10
mph. Chance of rain 80% .
Thursday: Partly to mostly cloudy with scattered
showers. High 7IF. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph. Chance
of rain 30%.
Friday: Chance of showers. Highs in the low 70s and
lows in the upper 50s.
Saturday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid
70s and lows in the upper 50s.
6. Romania, Sulina
Tonight: Variably cloudy with a few showers from
time to time. Low near 65F. Winds WNW at 10 to 15
mph. Chance of rain 50%.
Tomorrow: Rain showers early with isolated thunder-
storms developing later in the day. High 74F. Winds
NW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 50% .
Tomorrow night: Isolated thunderstorms ending dur-
ing the evening, becoming clear overnight. Low 67F.
Winds NW at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
 Thursday: Scattered showers in the morning, then
variable clouds during the afternoon with scattered
thunderstorms. High 74F. Winds NNW at 10 to 20
mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Friday: Mostly cloudy with scattered thunderstorms.
Highs in the upper 70s and lows in the upper 60s.
Saturday: Partial sunshine. Highs in the upper 70s
and lows in the mid 60s.
7. Spain, Almeria
Today: Sun along with patchy clouds. High 83F.
Winds SW at 15 to 25 mph. Tonight: Mainly clear.
Low 67F. Winds WSW at 10 to 20 mph.
Tomorrow: A mainly sunny sky. High 83F. Winds
WSW at 10 to 15 mph. Tomorrow night: Clear skies.
Low 67F. Winds WSW at 10 to 15 mph.
Thursday: Sunshine. Highs in the mid 80s and lows in
the upper 60s.
Friday: Sunshine. Highs in the mid 80s and lows in
the upper 60s.
Saturday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid
80s and lows in the low 70s.
8. Macedonia, Veles
Tonight: Thunderstorms ending early, then becoming
clear after midnight. Low near 60F. Winds light and
variable. Chance of rain 80%.
Tomorrow: Sunny along with a few clouds. High 89F.
Winds light and variable.
Tomorrow night: Clear. Low 63F. Winds light and
variable.
Friday: A few clouds from time to time. High 93F.
Winds light and variable.
Saturday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid 90s
and lows in the low 60s.
Sunday: More sun than clouds. Highs in the upper 80s
and lows in the upper 50s.
9. Belgium, Antwerp
Tonight: Some clouds. Low 5IF. Winds NNE at 5 to
10 mph.
Tomorrow: Cloudy with showers. High 67F. Winds
light and variable. Chance of rain 60%.
Tomorrow night: Overcast with rain showers at
times. Low 54F. Winds NE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of
rain 60%.
Friday: Cloudy. Some light rain is likely. High 63F.
Winds NNE at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 70%.
Rainfall near a quarter of an inch.
Saturday: Periods of light rain. Highs in the mid 60s
and lows in the low 50s.
Sunday: Chance of showers. Highs in the low 60s and
lows in the low 50s.
10. Finland, Turku
Tonight: Partly cloudy this evening followed by most-
ly cloudy skies and a few showers after midnight. Low
47F. Winds NNE at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
Tomorrow: Overcast with rain showers at times. High
57F. Winds NNW at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 60%.
Tomorrow night: Light rain early...then remaining
cloudy with showers late. Low 49F. Winds WNW at
10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 60%.
Friday: Cloudy with occasional rain showers. High
near 60F. Winds W at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain
50%.
Saturday: A few morning showers. Highs in the low
60s and lows in the upper 40s.
Sunday: Showers possible. Highs in the low 60s and
lows in the upper 40s.
11. Greece, Andravida Airport
Tonight: Scattered thunderstorms during the
evening. Mainly clear skies after midnight. Low 7IF.
Winds NNW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 60%.
 Tomorrow: Generally sunny. High around 90F. Sunday: Mostly sunny. Highs in the low 90s and lows
Winds NNW at 5 to 10 mph. in the mid 60s.
Tomorrow night: A mostly clear sky. Low 72F. Winds
NNW at 5 to 10 mph. ,
Friday: Sunny skies. High 91F. Winds NNW at 5 to - ,
10 mph. ,
Saturday: Fair. Highs in the low 90s and lows in the .
upper 60s. .
Sunday: Plenty of sun. Highs in the low 90s and lows
in the low 70s 7.
, (3-4
12. Iceland, Reykjavik )
Tonight: Partly cloudy this evening with more clouds
for overnight. Low 5IF. Winds SE at 5 to 10 mph. .
Tomorrow: Considerable cloudiness. High 57F. - 5 .
Winds SW at 5 to 10 mph, .
Tomorrow night: A few clouds. Low 49F. Winds NW
at 5 to 10 mph. 1. Turkey, Antalya
Friday: Considerable clouds early. Some decrease in Tonight: Partly cloudy. Low 74F. Winds W at 5 to 10
clouds later in the day. High 59F. Winds NNW at 10 mph.
to 15 mph. Tomorrow: Plentiful sunshine. High near 95F. NW
Saturday: Few showers. Highs in the upper 50s and winds shifting to S at 10 to 20 mph.
lows in the upper 40s. Tomorrow night: Clear skies. Low near 75F. Winds
Sunday: Light rain. Highs in the upper 50s and lows WNW at 5 to 10 mph.
in the upper 40s. Friday: Sunny skies. High 96F. NNE winds shifting
to Sat 10 to 15 mph.
13. Russia, Alexandrov-Gaj Saturday: Sunshine. Highs in the upper 90s and lows
Tonight: Some passing clouds. Low 58F. Winds light in the low 70s.
and variable. Sunday: Fair. Highs in the upper 90s and lows in the
Tomorrow: Generally sunny despite a few afternoon mid 70s.
clouds. High 84F. Winds light and variable.
Tomorrow night: A few clouds from time to time. Low 2. Cambodia, Phnom Penh
62F. Winds SE at 5 to 10 mph. Tonight: Some clouds. Low near 80F. Winds NW at 5
Friday: Sunshine along with some passing clouds. to 10 mph.
High 84F. Winds SW at 5 to 10 mph. Tomorrow: A chance of showers and thunderstorms. High
Saturday: More sun than clouds. Highs in the upper 84F. Winds NW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 70%.
80s and lows in the upper 50s. Tomorrow night: Thunderstorms likely. Low near
 80F. Winds NW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
Friday: Thunderstorms likely. High 83F. Winds
WNW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 90%.
Saturday: Thunderstorms. Highs in the low 80s and
lows in the upper 70s.
Sunday: Thunderstorms likely. Highs in the low 80s
and lows in the upper 70s.
3. Saudi Arabia, Medina
Tonight: Mostly clear. Low 89F. Winds WNW at 10
to 15 mph.
Tomorrow: Except for a few afternoon clouds, mainly
sunny. High around 110F. Winds WNW at 10 to 20 mph.
Tomorrow night: Clear skies. Low 88F. Winds WNW
at 10 to 15 mph.
Friday: Sunshine. High 112F. Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph.
Saturday: Plenty of sun. Highs 111 to 115F and lows
in the mid 80s.
Sunday: Mostly sunny. Highs 111 to 115F and lows in
the mid 80s.
4. Sri Lanka, Moratuwa
Tonight: Scattered thunderstorms. Low 79F. Winds
WSW at 5 to 10 mph. Chance of rain 60%.
Tomorrow: Thunderstorms likely. High 86F. Winds
WSW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 90%. Rainfall
around a half an inch.
Tomorrow night: Thunderstorms likely. Low 79F.
Winds WSW at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 90%.
Friday: Thunderstorms. High 86F. Winds WSW at
10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 70%.
Saturday: A few thunderstorms possible. Highs in the
upper 80s and lows in the upper 70s.
Sunday: Thunderstorms. Highs in the upper 80s and
lows in the upper 70s.
5. Bahamas, Freeport
Today: Partly cloudy with isolated thunderstorms
possible. High 87F. Winds E at 10 to 20 mph. Chance
of rain 30%.
Tonight: Widely scattered showers and thunderstorms
should diminish as the evening progresses. Low 79F.
Winds E at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 30%.
Tomorrow: Variable clouds with scattered showers
and thunderstorms, mainly in the afternoon. High
87F. Winds E at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 40%.
Tomorrow night: Variable clouds with scattered
thunderstorms. Low 79F. Winds E at 10 to 15 mph.
Chance of rain 40%.
Friday: Scattered thunderstorms. Highs in the upper
80s and lows in the upper 70s.
Saturday: Thunderstorms. Highs in the upper 80s
and lows in the upper 70s.
Sunday: Thunderstorms likely. Highs in the upper
80s and lows in the upper 70s.
6. Tunisia, Chebba
Tonight: Generally clear. Low 76F. Winds SE at 5 to
10 mph.
Tomorrow: Plentiful sunshine. High 99F. Winds SSE
at 10 to 15 mph.
Tomorrow night: Clear skies. Low 78F. Winds SSE at
10 to 20 mph.
Friday: Mostly sunny skies. High 103F. Winds SSE at
10 to 15 mph.
Saturday: Partly cloudy. Highs in the upper 90s and
lows in the mid 70s.
Sunday: Times of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid
90s and lows in the mid 70s.
7. US, Illinois, Chicago
Today: Plentiful sunshine. High around 85F. Winds
NE at 10 to 15 mph.
 20 mph.
Tonight: Generally clear skies. Low 63F. Winds ENE
at 5 to 10 mph. Saturday: Sunshine. Highs in the upper 80s and lows
Tomorrow: Intervals of clouds and sunshine. High in the mid 60s.
91F. Winds S at 10 to 20 mph. Sunday: Sunny. Highs in the upper 80s and lows in
Tomorrow night: Variable clouds with scattered the low 60s.
thunderstorms. Low 71F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph.
Chance of rain 40%. 10. Jordan, Madaba
Friday: Slight chance of a thunderstorm. Highs in the Tonight: Mostly clear. Low 66F. Winds W at 5 to 10 mph.
low 80s and lows in the low 60s. Tomorrow: Sunny skies. High 89F. Winds W at 10 to
Saturday: Considerable cloudiness. Highs in the mid 15 mph.
70s and lows in the low 60s. Tomorrow night: Clear. Low 67F. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph.
Sunday: Considerable cloudiness. Highs in the mid Friday: Sunny skies. High 91F. Winds NNW at 10 to
70s and lows in the upper 50s. 15 mph.
Saturday: Sunshine. Highs in the low 90s and lows in
8. US, New York, New York the mid 60s.
Today: Sun along with patchy clouds. High 91F. Sunday: Abundant sunshine. Highs in the low 90s
Winds WNW at 10 to 20 mph. and lows in the mid 60s.
Tonight: Generally clear skies. Low 67F. Winds NW
at 5 to 10 mph. 11. Cyprus, Limassol
Tomorrow: A few clouds from time to time. High 8IF. Tonight: Mainly clear skies. Low 74F. Winds WSW at
Winds NW at 5 to 10 mph. 10 to 15 mph.
Tomorrow night: Generally fair. Low 68F. Winds Tomorrow: Mostly sunny skies. High 89F. Winds
light and variable. WSW at 10 to 15 mph.
Friday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the mid 80s Tomorrow night: Clear skies. Low 74F. Winds W at
and lows in the low 70s. 10 to 15 mph.
Saturday: Partly cloudy with a stray thunderstorm. Friday: Mainly sunny. High 88F. Winds WSW at 5 to
Highs in the mid 80s and lows in the upper 60s. 10 mph.
Sunday: Clouds giving way to sun in the afternoon. Saturday: Abundant sunshine. Highs in the low 90s
Highs in the low 80s and lows in the upper 60s. and lows in the low 70s.
Sunday: Sunshine. Highs in the low 90s and lows in
9. Israel, Jerusalem the low 70s.
Tonight: Generally clear skies. Low 64F. Winds W at
5 to 10 mph. 12. Egypt, Alexandria
Tomorrow: Sunny skies. High 84F. Winds W at 10 to 15 mph. Tonight: A few passing clouds. Low 76F. Winds
Tomorrow night: Clear. Low around 65F. Winds NNE WNW at 10 to 15 mph.
at 5 to 10 mph. Tomorrow: Intervals of clouds and sunshine. High
Friday: Sunny skies. High 86F. Winds NNW at 10 to 87F. Winds WNW at 10 to 15 mph.
 Tomorrow night: Clear skies with a few passing 3
clouds. Low around 75F. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph.
Friday: Sunshine along with some passing clouds.
High 87F. Winds NNW at 10 to 15 mph.
Saturday: Mix of sun and clouds. Highs in the upper
80s and lows in the low 70s. ,
Sunday: Times of sun and clouds. Highs in the upper .
80s and lows in the low 70s.
,
13. Egypt, Cairo ,
Tonight: Mostly clear. Low 72F. Winds N at 5 to 10 mph.
Tomorrow: Mainly sunny. High near 95F. Winds - . -
WNW at 5 to 10 mph. , , ,
Tomorrow night: Generally clear skies with a few
passing clouds. Low 74F. Winds NE at 5 to 10 mph. : ,
Friday: A few clouds in the morning, but mainly
sunny. High around 95F. Winds NNE at 5 to 10 mph. .
Saturday: Mostly sunny. Highs in the mid 90s and ,
lows in the low 70s. .
Sunday: Plenty of sun. Highs in the mid 90s and lows
in the low 70s. , ,
.
14. Arctic, Greenland, Godthab
Today: Overcast with rain showers at times. High ,
53F. Winds ESE at 10 to 20 mph. Chance of rain 50%. .
Tonight: Mostly cloudy skies. Low 44F. Winds SE at
15 to 25 mph. I.
Tomorrow: Partly cloudy skies. High 53F. Winds SE ,
at 10 to 20 mph. .
Tomorrow night: Mostly cloudy. Low 46F. Winds E at
10 to 20 mph. 1.
Friday: Mainly cloudy with rain likely, windy. Highs
in the low 50s and lows in the low 40s. 31 2003 ,
Saturday: Windy with showers at times. Highs in the
upper 40s and lows in the low 40s. ,
Sunday: Light rain. Highs in the upper 40s and lows .
in the low 40s. 2. ,
 .
10. 541
507 ,
86 , 2
. - -
3. .
2003 . - , 11.
20 ,
, -
,
. .
4. 12.
, 20 , 16
- -
110 . ,
5. , 300 .
13. ,
, ,
-, ,
. ,
6. .
,
- 2.
.
, .
7.
, 1. ,
, -,
1492 . ,
8. 120 -
, ,
500 .
. 2. -,
9. 2,5 .
- , 1911 .
- 3. 25
, 6
,
 , 4500 . ,
4. , -,
, .
, 13.
, , .
5. , 10
, 40- ,
,
, , ,
. - .
6.
, 3.
, ,
, - , .
7. ,
, 1. For centuries Europeans had traded with the peo
- , - ples of southeastern Asia for highly valued com
modities that could not be found or grown in Europe,
. among them jewels silk and spices.
8. 1995 2. The trade was carried on over thousands of miles
across the Indian Ocean, through the Middle East,
35, over the Mediterranean Sea to the ports of southern
13 - . Europe and then overland to the north and west.
9. , , - 3. Early in the fourteenth century Italian, Spanish
, , and French sailors began to explore the west coast of
1,3 - Africa in search of a way around that continent, dis
. covering the Canary Islands, then the Madeiras and
10. - then the Azores.
4. The Portuguese after 1420 began the systematic col
, , , lection of geographic information that enabled them
, , to transform the Atlantic into a path of adventure
. and commerce.
11. 5. The Portuguese, who drove Muslim merchants and
pirates from the Indian Ocean itself, established a
50 Far Eastern empire of their own that lasted, at least
911. in fragments, almost to our day.
12. 6. Christopher Columbus was an experienced naviga-
 tor and his private dream was of reaching the Orient 4.
by sailing westward, since, like most educated people, ,
he believed that the world was round. .
7. After stopping at the Canary Islands off the coast of
West Africa, Columbus set a course due west on the 1. ,
same latitude as Japan, but he grossly underestimat ,
ed the size of the globe, discounting the quite accu ,
rate estimates of ancient Greek scholars. , , ,
8. In 1577 Queen Elizabeth backed a brilliantly suc ,
cessful expedition led by Francis Drake who sailed , .
through the Strait of Magellan, raided Spanish ships 2. 1-
and settlements along the western coast of South 3- ,
America, touched at California and returned to
England in 1580 after having circled the world. ,
9. In the 1570s Martin Frobisher sailed directly west ,
below the southern tip of Greenland and then north .
west until he came on the enormous, forbidding 3.
island of Baffin not far below the Arctic Circle. , ,
10. In the early seventeenth century French explorers
established outposts at Quebec, Montreal, and other Titanic,
points along the great gateway to the interior of the .
continent, the St.Lawrence River, pressing on 4.
through the regions of the Great Lakes and the Ohio 16 ,
and Mississippi valleys.
11. Eighteenth-century South Carolina, extending .
inland about 60 miles and southward to the Savannah 5. 15 1912
River, was closest to the West Indian sugar islands 6
in character. , 1522 .
12. From the beginning Carolina was something of an 6.
offshoot of Barbados, some colonists coming from ,
that island, where several of the Carolina proprietors ,
made large fortunes. 1886 .
13. The new colony's produce had to be brought to 7.
Charleston for shipment abroad, since Carolina
rivers were not deep enough for sea-going vessels to - - ,
sail directly to the plantations, as they did in the
Cheasapeake region. .
 8. - state of religion in general, and ask themselves about
40 - the general health of society as a whole.
: 2. These were not new questions, but they were framed
. in new ways largely because of the impact of the
9. 28 000 eighteenth-century ideas, which may perhaps be bet
, ter described as a mental posture.
3. Enlightened thinkers deliberately chose science over
, - , , superstition, thought over feeling, order over chaos, and
, the powers of the individual as opposed to the state.
. 4. According to the ideas of the Enlightenment, casting
10. , the light of reason on nature and society could let
, human beings see the world with a new clarity,
, 28, improve, and perhaps even perfect the nature of the
, human condition.
. 5. The Enlightenment in the American colonies was
11. strongly shaped by Calvinist convictions and by
, , seemingly boundless opportunities the new land
, , offered.
, 6. The ideas of toleration, religious freedom, and the
. separation of church and state were encouraged by
12. 2006 Enlightenment belief in rationality and the power of
- - human reason and lead away from strict doctrine.
42 36 7. New discoveries about the workings of the natural
world changed people's perspective and increased
- . their confidence in their ability to understand and
13. , therefore control nature.
8. Human reason seemed to be the key to unlocking the
, secrets of the natural world and to an understanding
of human beings and society.
9. According to John Locke, people had originally
. existed without laws or government, in a "state of
nature", and agreed to come together in an orga
5. nized society in order to gain protection.
, - . 10. John Locke declared that people retained certain
"natural" rights God had originally given them,
1. During the first part of the eighteenth century, a namely, life, liberty, and property.
great many Americans grow concerned about the 11. To many people who owned property in the colonies
 all these ideas seemed to fit perfectly with their own ,
experience, because property did seem like a natural , .
right. 6.
12. The colonists believed that a person's first allegiance ,
was to a God whose will was the universal law of ,
nature and that human laws in conflict with natural .
law were clearly invalid. 7. 16
13. The ideas of the Enlightenment were downright 24, , ,
intoxicating to many Americans who believed they - ,
found the way to achieve a better society. .
8. 4

6. , ,
. ,
.
1. 9.
-,
, 1,5
. .
2. , 10. ,
,
:
, , , .
- , 11. ,
. ,
3. , ,
- .
, 12.
- ,
,
. ,
4. 44 .
, , 38 13. ,
,
86 . ,
5. II
, , -
 mem, 8.
- . -
, ,
7. 140 200
, , ,
. , , .
9. 16 166-
1. , 99 -
, 959 - 123 ,
- , - .
. 10. ,
2. , 47,7 , -
, - ,
34 . McDonald's.
3. 11. ,
,
- , - -
. .
4. - 1961 12. -

, . ,
5. , , ,
.
, 13. ,
, ,
. Volkswagen Polo
6. , , ,
, , .
,
,
, , -,
.
7. ,
,
,
, ,
.
 4 7. ,

.
- ,
, .
. , .
,
, . 1.
,
, 15 ,
. .
10 2. ,
: ,
. , ,
: ..,
, , ,
( ). .
3.
, ..
( ,
, 4
- ) ,
,
, 1/3. .
, 4.
, ,
, ,

. .
5.
,
.
- ,
.
, - .., 6.
. ,
, , -
 , ,
, - -
.
. 13.
7. ,
, ,

, .
,
. 2. ,
8. - ,
, .

, 1. 1648
- ,
, , 36 . ,
9. .
, 40 , ,
, , , , - .
,
: , , .
, , 2. 1943
- .
10. , .

,
.
, 3. 1722

$11 . , ,
11. .

11 ,
1000 , 44- .
. .
12. , , 4. 1851 25
, , 60
 , ,
, : .
, -
, 72 6 10 11 .
. , - 9. 1763
, - , .
,
: . . ,
5. 1936 : -
, .
. ' , ,
- .
, 10. 1863
, ,
,
- , ,
: - ! ,
6. 1709 . :
. ,
,
, , .
, 11. 1938
()
. .
.
7. 25 1755 : 7-8 4-5
.
. 2-3 .
12. 1886
, , , :
! - ,
, , III , . ,
.
8. 1890 22- :
15 ,
80 .
, - -, .
13. 1959 World War II, the United States experienced phenome
nal economic growth and the return of prosperity, con
- , solidating its position as the world's richest country.
300 , 6. An important form of movement led Americans out of
, inner cities into new suburbs, where they hoped to
. find affordable housing for the larger families
spawned by the postwar baby boom.
. 7. The Highway Act of 1956 provided the largest public
. works expenditure in US history, to build more than
64,000 kilometers of federal roads to link together all
3. , parts of the country.
, , 8. Television had a powerful impact on social and eco
. ( nomic patterns, exposing Americans to increasingly
, sophisticated advertisements for products said to be
.) necessary for the good life.
9. Though men and women had been forced into new
1. In the years after World War II the nation, victorious employment patterns during World War II, once the
in that great struggle, was confident of its mission to war was over, traditional roles were reaffirmed, men
maintain the democratic structure defended at expected to be breadwinners, women assuming their
tremendous cost and to share the benefits of prosper proper place was at home.
ity as widely as possible. 10. In 1963 author Betty Friedan published "the
2. Unable to forget the Great Depression, America fostered Feminine Mystique", an explosive critique of middle-
its familiar position of free trade, and sought to elimi class patterns that helped millions of women to artic
nate trade barriers both to create markets for American ulate a pervasive sense of discontent.
agricultural and industrial products and to ensure the 11. The author argued that women often had no outlets
ability of West European nations to export as a means to for expression other than "finding a husband and
generate economic growth and rebuild their economies. bearing children" and she encouraged readers to seek
3. In 1949 the United States led the effort to create a new roles and responsibilities, to seek their own per
military alliance to complement economic measures, sonal and professional identities.
establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization 12. During the debate on the 1964 Civil Rights bill, an
based on the principle of collective security. amendment was proposed to outlaw discrimination on
4. The next year the National Security council under the basis of gender as well as race, giving women a
took a full-fledged review of American foreign and legal tool to secure their rights.
defense policy in a document committing America to 13. Tennessee singer Elvis Presley popularized black music
assist allied nations anywhere in the world, which in the form of rock and roll and demonstrated that there
seemed threatened by Soviet aggression. was a white audience for black music, thus testifying to
5. As the Cold War unfolded in the decade and a half after the increasing integration of American culture.
 5 ,
, :
Lincoln -
Waterloo -

London -
:
NATO -
( ), (

), , ,
,
, , ..
.

,
.
.

, ,
, ,
.
.
, Reagan -
, Wilde -
. , Knoxville -
- Tucson -
, , Greenpeace - .
,
, ( )
,
. .
-, , -
- , (.
. ).
( ,
), , "International" , ,
.. : ...
"natural" -
. .

,
()
:
. .
, - -, , 2001.
1. ,

(
.
).
 2. - , (processing),
.
- . ,
, .
:
The United Nations Organisation - 1.
, -.
The International Youth Federation -
( ,
The Red Sea -
The Great Canyon - , ):
1. , ?
3. , ( - ).
, 2. ? (
, , ).
,
.. 1. Somerset Maugham - Jack London
2. Ernest Hemingway - Thomas Moore
3. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - Mark Twain
5.1. 4. Edgar Allan - William Wordsworth
5. Herman Melville - John Keats
6. William Shakespeare - Margaret Mitchell
- 7. Robert Burns - John Steinbeck
8. Daniel Defoe - Toni Morrison
9. Sir Walter Scott - Jack Kerouac
10. William Golding - William Faulkner
. 11. Erskine Caldwell - William Hawthorn
- . 12. Harriet Beecher Stowe - Coleridge
- 13. Agatha Christie - Steven King

. , 2. -
, , -.
, .
:
; 1.
, , - , ?
( : ) -
 , ) ) .
2. : ) , )
? )
, .
, ,
.
.
1. - - ;-
2. - - ,
3. - - ,
4. - - , ..
5. - -
1. - -
6. - - 2. - -
7. - - 3. - -
8. - - . 4. - -
9. - - 5. - -
10. - -
11. - - 6. - -
12. - - 7. - -
13. - - 8. - -
9. - -
3. 10. - -
) 11. - -
, .
12. - -
:
1.
13. - -
? ( : )
, )
, - 4.
, ,
. ,
, , .
,
, . ., 1. - -
2. - -
 3. - - 8. -
9. -
4. - - 10. -
11. -
5. - - 12. -
6. - - 13. -
-
7. - - 6.
8. - - , -
. ,
9. - - (, Charles George)
-.
10. - - ,
11. - - , ,
12. - - : ?

13. - - 1. William the Conqueror -
2. William Shakespeare - ()
3. Charles I - I
5. 4. Charles Dickens -
) , 5. George V - V
-; 6. James II - II
) -, - 7. James Joyce -
8. Mary, Queen of Scotts -
, . 9. Mary Shelley -
; 10. Isaak Newton -
11. John Lackland -
- , 12. John Doe - (,
, . ); ( . ) /

1. - 13. Jane Doe - (,
2. - )
3. - II
4. - 7.
5. - )
6. -
7. - , ;
 Elizabeth II (1921-...)
) (), 12. 1672-1725-wife of Peter I
,
13. ruled Israel when Jesus Christ was born - a king of
.
Babylonia who destroyed Jerusalem in 586
,

. 8.
) ,
;
1. Richard III - Richard the Lionheart
) , ,
2. Elizabeth I - Victoria
3. Edward VIII - Charles I :
4. William I - James I 1. ?
5. Henry VIII - Henry II 2.
6. William III - Mary II ?
7. Mary, Queen of Scots - Mary I ,

8. Ivan the Terrible - Catherine the Great
.
9. Alfred the Great - Alexander the Great
10. Prince William - Prince Albert
11. Prince regent - Prince Philip 1. - -
12. Peter the Great - Catherine I 2. -
13. Herod - Nebuchadnezzar 3. -
4. -
:
5. -
6. -
7. -
1. 1452-85 A horse! My kingdom for a horse! - 1157-99
2. 1533-1603-1819-1901 8. -
3. 1894-1972 abdication - 1600-49 Civil War 9. -
UX. ^.- ....
4. lWbSfi ftie Conqueror - 1-12 son of Mary,
Queen of Scots 11. -
12. -
5. 1491-1547 six wives, the Church of England - 1154-
89 Thomas a Becket 13. -
6. 1689-1702 William and Mary
7. 1542-87 Mary Stuart - 1516-58 Mary Tudor (Bloody
Mary) 5.2.
8. 1530-84 - 1729-96 the Empress of Russia
9. 849-99 - 356-23 king of Macedonia ,
10. 1982-... - 1819-61 . -, -
11. acted as king George IV 1811-1820 - husband of
 5. - -
, , 6. - - -
. -, 7. - -
, 8. - -
, 9. - -
. 10. - -
, 11. - -
12. - - -
, . 13. - -
, ,
, , 2.
, , ,
, .
.
, , 1. - -
2. - -
. , 3. - -
4. - -
. 5. - -
6. - - -
1. : 7. - -
-, . 8. - -
9. - -
: 10. - -
? ( 11. - -
. 12. - - - -
. 13. - -
,
3.
. , . -
- , , .
"countries").

1. - - ,
2. - - .
3. - - ,
4. - - .
 1. Adelaide - Albany - Antwerp - Athens ,
2. Barcelona - Bologna - Byzantium - Brussels .
3. Cairo - Calais - Cologne - Copenhagen .
4. Dover - Dartmouth - Edinburgh - Florence
5. Geneva - Genoa - Gettysburg - the Hague 1. - Sherwood Forest - Stonehenge - Mesopotamia
6. Hiroshima - Houston - Kabul - Melbourne 2. The Suez Canal - Trafalgar Square - Gettysburg -
7. Montreal - Munich - Naples - Prague Babylon
8. Seattle - Seoul - Stockholm - Ulster 3. The Latin Quarter - the Panama Canal - Bethlehem -
9. Venice - Versailles - Vienna - Warsaw Eire
10. Zurich - Vancouver - Salisbury - Nice 4. Los Alamos - Hiroshima - Byzantium - the Silk Road
11. Aberdeen - Swansea - Christchurch - Madras 5. Plymouth Rock - Canaan - Malibu - Fleet Street
12. Dunedin - Durban - Auckland - Birmingham 6. The West Bank of the River Jordan - Carthage - the
13. Londonderry - Chicago - Cardiff - Kingston Great Wall
7. Easter Island - Cape Canaveral - Harvard - Canterbury
4. 8. The Holy Land - Troy - The Bermuda Triangle - Israel
9. New England - the Deep South - Jericho - Pisa
, . 10. The Forbidden City - Klondike - the French Riviera -
Jerusalem
1. - - -
11. Hadriaft%-W-all - Pall Mall - W*tHftg-S*r-eet -
2. - - -
TheTHropytse
3. - - -
12. Manhattan - Pompeii - the Rubicon - Mount Rushmore
4. - - -
5. - - - 13. The Oregon Trail - the Golden Triangle - Le Mans -
6. - - - Ayers Rock
7. - - - 6. :
8. - - -
9. - - - -.
10. - - -
11. - - - - 1. - - -
12. - - - 2. - - -
13. - - -
3. - - -
5. : 4. - - -
) 5. - - -
, 6. - - -
; 7. - - -
) , , - 8. - - - -
 i 8. :
9. - - -
- .
10. - - - -
11. - - - - 1. - -
12. - - - -
13. - -
2. - - -

7. :
3. - - -
-,
4. - - - --

, . 5. - - - -

1. the Aegean Sea - the Bay of Biscay - the Bering Strait 6. - - -
- Corfu 7. - -
2. Madagascar - the Danube - the Dardanelles - Fiji -
3. the Ganges - the Hudson - the Great Barrier Reef - 8. - - -
the Great Lakes
4. the Gulf Stream - the English Channel - the Sea of 9. - -
Marmara - the Azores -
5. the Mediterranean - the Istmus of Panama - Hawaii - 10. - - -
Madeira
6. the Persian Gulf - the Rhine - the Crimea-the Strait 11. - - -
of Dover 12. - -
7. Java - the East China Sea - the Bermudas - Cape -
Trafalgar 13. . - -
8. the Golden Gate -Tahiti- Tierra del Fuego - Haiti 9. , ,
9. the Canary Islands - Cape Horn - the Tigris - the :
Kara Sea , ,
10. the Euphrates - the Cape of Good Hope - the Sea of .
Japan - Barbados
11. the Arabian Sea - the Aral Sea - the Bay of Bengal - Malta 1. Apennines - Bahrain - the Balkans
12. the Gulf of Suez - the Arctic Ocean- the Dead Sea - 2. Brittany - the Cape Verde Islands - Croatia
Cyprus 3. Montenegro- Mount Fuji - the Highlands
13. the Gulf of St. Lawrence - the Gulf of Guinea - the 4. the Kalahari Desert - Kampuchea - Greenwich
Bosphorus 5. Corinth - Lapland - Lebanon
6. Liechtenstein - the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg -
 the Midlands 7. 32, 31, 26
7. the Midwest - the Gaza Strip - Monaco 8. 30, 26, 19
8. Warwick - the Netherlands - Puerto-Rico 9. 19, 28, 17
9. Quebec - the Sahara Desert - Surrey 10. 28, 15, 43
10. the Seine - Saudi Arabia - Pnompenh 11. 32, -- 27, 24
11. Palestine - D u r h a m - the Niagara Falls 12. 28, 29, 30
12. Lyons - Kashmir - Baltimore - Hastings 13. 36, 23, - 12
13. Honolulu - the Himalayas - Hellas
12.
10. : : ;
, , ,
. ,
4 .
1. - -
2. - -
3. - - 1. Amsterdam 11 rain
4. - 2. Berlin 9 rain
- 3. Geneva 10 partly cloudy
5. - - - 4. Helsinki -1 cloudy
6. - - 5. London 15 rain
7. - - 6. Madrid 5 sunny
8. - - 7. Moscow -7 snow
9. - - 8. Paris 13 partly cloudy
10. - - 9. Rome 2 sunny
11. - - 10. Oslo -8 snow
12. - - 11. Stockholm -10 snow
13. - - 12. St.Petersburg-2 cloudy
13. Warsaw 0 sunny
11. :
.
1. Nice 21 sunny
1. - 26, 32, 33 2. Antwerp 9 cloudy
2. - 25, 20, 14 3. Athens 23 sunny
3. 20, 30, 31 4. Cannes 22 sunny
4. 30, 33, 10 5. Boulogne 17 partly cloudy
5. 46, 29, 17 6. Gibraltar 25 rain
6. 29, 38, 30 7. Brussels 19 cloudy
 8. Cologne 20 cloudy
9. Copenhagen 17 rain
10. Edinburgh 12 rain
11. Florence 21 cloudy
12. Geneva 18 partly cloudy
13. the Hague 15 rain
1. Adelaide 22 rain
2. Cairo 40 sunny
3. Sao Paulo 27 sunny
4. Dover 19 cloudy
5. Dartmouth 30 sunny
6. Genoa 32 sunny
7. Pyongyang 28 rain
8. Leghorn 18 cloudy
9. Salt-Lake-City 3 sunny
10. Kabul 32 sunny
11. Melbourne 14 rain
12. Montreal 22 rain
13. Munich 27 partly cloudy
1. Naples 34 sunny
2. Prague 29 sunny
3. Seoul 29 rain
4. Ulster 20 cloudy
5. Venice 27 rain
6. Canberra 15 rain
7. Zurich 25 cloudy
8. Vancouver 23 rain
9. Seville 24 sunny
10. Bordeaux 29 sunny
11. Istanbul 28 partly cloudy
12. Marseilles 25 sunny
13. New Orleans 30 cloudy
13. , , :
,
.
1. Sao Paulo is the largest city in South America and
Brazil's financial and industrial center.
2. Sao Tome is an island in the Gulf of Guinea, a former
Portuguese colony.
3. The Sea of Marmara is an inland sea between the
Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.
4. The Seychelles are around 85 islands in the Indian
Ocean to the east of Kenya.
5. Sherwood Forest is an area of ancient forest in central
England, mainly in Nottinghamshire, which was for
merly a royal hunting ground, where Robin Hood is
supposed to have lived.
6. Southeast Asia is a part of the world between India,
China, and the Pacific Ocean, which includes the
nations of Brunei, Myanmar, Indonesia, Cambodia,
Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
and Vietnam.
7. South Korea is a country in Asia bordering on the Sea
of Japan and the Yellow Sea.
8. The St Lawrence River flows from Lake Ontario to
the Gulf of St Lawrence.
9. Stonehenge is a group of very large tall stones
arranged in circles which stand on Salisbury Plain in
Wiltshire , in the south of England.
10. The Suez Canal joins the Mediterranean Sea with the
Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea.
11. Trafalgar Square is a place in central London, where
Pall Mall, the Strand and Charing Cross Road meet.
12. Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in north-east
England made of parts of Northumberland and
 Durham.
13. The Urals are a mountain system stretching across
the territory of Russia from the Kara Sea in the north
to the Aral Sea.
1. Watling Street is a long Roman road stretching from
Dover in the east to the river Severn in the west of
England.
2. Wessex is one of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of
England including Hampshire, Dorset, Wiltshire,
Berkshire, Somerset and Devon.
3. The Boer War was a war in South Africa in which the
British Army fought against the Boer Republics of
the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
4. The Gulf States are the small Arab states on the Gulf:
Bahrain, Kuwait, Quatar and the United Arab
Emirates
5. Hadrian's Wall was built across the north of England
by order of the Roman ruler Hadrian between 122 and
128 AD to defend the border of Roman Britain
6. The Maghreb is the area in north-west Africa which
includes the countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia,
and Libya where the people are Arab and Berber.
7. Mesopotamia is the area in west Asia around the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Modern Iraq, which
was a center of civilization in the ancient world.
8. The Middle East includes the countries of Asia and
Africa around the eastern end of the Mediterranean,
from Libya to Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.
9. The Midwest is an area in the US including the states
of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota,
Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, Michigan, North
Dakota, South Dakota and Oklahoma.
10. Niger is a country in Africa bordered by Burkino Faso
and Mali in the west and by Nigeria and Benin in the
south.
11. Nigeria is an oil producing country in West Africa
bordered by Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon.
12. The Oregon Trail is the path that early American set
tlers followed to reach the Northwest, crossing the
Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains before turning
towards Idaho, Washington and Oregon.
13. The French Quarter is a part of the city in New
Orleans, Louisiana, that was originally settled by
French people; now it is famous as a tourist attraction.
14. , :
.
,
,
(),
.
1. The Silk Road (sometimes known as the Silk Route)
started from present-day Sian and struck north-west
wards to the oasis in the Gobi desert and then divided,
giving caravans a choice of two routes around the
perimeter of the Taklamakan desert.
2. From there the Silk Road continued westwards, start
ing with a long and perilous ascend of the High
Pamir, "the Roof of the World", and passed out of
Chinese territory into Central Asia, through Persia
and Iraq to the Mediterranean coast.
3. The Silk Road was entirely dependent for both its
existence and survival upon the line of strategically
situated oases, which in turn depended for their sur
vival upon the glacier-fed rivers flowing down from
the vast mountain ranges around three sides of the
great desert.
4. The point of departure for travellers using the Silk
 Road was one of the most splendid and cosmopolitan
cities on earth, the Rome of Asia, with the population
close on two million.
5. Foreigners were welcome, and an endless procession
passed through the city's gates, including Turks,
Iranians, Arabs, Mongolians, Armenians, Indians,
Koreans, Malays and Japanese.
6. Among the exotic commodities which arrived via the
Silk Road were cosmetics, rare plants, medicines,
aromatics, wines, spices, fragrant woods, books and
finely woven rugs.
7. In addition to the "heavenly horses" from Ferghana,
some of which were trained to dance to music, there
were peacocks, parrots, falcons, gazelles, hunting
dogs, the occasional lion or leopard, and that two-
legged marvel the ostrich.
8. According to the census of 754, China had a total pop
ulation of fifty-two million and contained some twen
ty five cities with over half a million inhabitants.
9. The first Romans to encounter silk were the seven
legions which were pursuing the Parthians across the
Euphrates in 53 .
10. In the first century AD some enterprising Roman
merchants had tried to by-pass the avaricious
Parthians by sending agents to explore new routes,
and by the second century bales of silk were already
beginning to reach Rome via the sea route from India.
11. The gentle creed of Buddhism, which preached com
passion to all living creatures, was born in north-east
India in the sixth century and in the third century
the king's conversion had lead to its adoption as
the official religion of his empire.
12. The ultimate reasons for the disappearance of the
Buddhist civilization from the Silk Road were the
decline and collapse of the ruling dynasty in China,
the victories of the Arabs to the west and the final
conversion of the whole Taklamakan region to Islam.
13. The advance of this new religion along the Silk Road
spelled the death of figurative art - the portrayal of
the human form - for this was anathema to Moslems.
15.
,
(-
).
World Heritage Sites
The World Heritage list comprises sites all over the world
selected by UNESCO as being of such outstanding natural,
environmental or cultural importance that they merit excep
tional international efforts to make them more widely known
and to save them from damage and destruction.
1. Gros Morne National Park & Miguasha Park in
Canada
2. Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park in Central
African Republic
3. Mogao Caves & Ping Yao (ancient city) in China
4. Pueblo de Taos & Cahokia Mounds Site in the USA
5. Choirokoitia & Paphos archeological site in Cyprus
6. Suomenlinna & Samallahdenmaki Bronze Age burial
site in Finland
7. Mahabalipuram & Pattadakal monuments in India
8. Crespi d'Adda & I Sassi di Matera in Italy
9. Itsukushima Shinto shrine & Shirakami-Sanchi in
Japan
10. The Wahipounami & Tongariro National Park in New
Zealand
11. Kilwa Kisiwani & Songa Mnara ruins in Tanzania
12. Drottningholm Palace & Karlskrona naval port
13. Anuradhapura & Polonnaruwa in Sri Lanka
16.
.
 . 10. - - -
1 1 . - - -
- 12. - -
. -
13. - - - -

1. - - - - 1. - - -
2. - - -
2. - - - - 3. - - -
3. - - - - 4. - - -
4. - - - 5. - - -
5. - - 6. --- - -
- 7. - - -
6. - - - 8. - - -
7. - - - 9. - - -
8. - - 10. - - -
- 1 1 . - - -
9. - - 12. - - -
- 13. - - -
10. - - -
1 1 . - - -
12. - - - 1. - - -
13. - - - 2. - - -
3. - - -
4. - - -

1. - - - - - 5. - - -
2. - - - 6. - - -
3. -- - - -
7. - - -
4. - - - 8. - - - -
5. - - - 9. - - -
6. - - - 10. - - -
7. - - - - 11. - - - -
8. - - - 12. - - -
9. - - - - 13. - - -
 2.
).
5.3. ,
, -
.
).
: , ,
, , . .
, , .
.., ,
; - 1. UN
- . 2. WTO
, 3. UNESCO
- , 4. WHT
. 5. ICC
. 6. Interpol
7. IBRD
J. 8. EU
9. IOC
. 10. ICAO
1. the United Nations 11. NATO
2. the World Trade Organisation 12. IMF
3. the United National Educational, Scientific and 13. EEC
Cultural Organisation : . 11.
4. the World Health Organisation
5. the International Police Organisation 3.
6. the International Chamber of Commerce ].
7. the International Bank for Reconstruction and ,
Development , -
8. the European Union .
9. the International Olympic Committee ).
10. the International Civil Aviation Organisation ,
11. the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation .
12. the International Monetary Fund .
13. the European Economic Community 1.
: . . 2.
3.
 4. European Communities, in the plural. It began as
5. three legally distinct but related organizations: the
6. European Coal and Steel Community, the European
7. Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the
8. European Economic Community.
9. 3. In practice the institutions and politics of the three
10. have become increasingly indistinct, a process con
11. firmed by successive treaty amendments.
12. 4. The EU is the most thoroughgoing example of region
13. al economic and political integration. As an integra-
: . . tional organization it goes beyond traditional inter-
governmentalism and has substantial elements of
4. supranationality.
. 5. At the end of the Second World War European eco
, nomic and political unity was seen as an important
, element of postwar reconstruction, and was therefore
. supported by the United States.
6. As a wholesale abrogation of national sovereignty
, seemed a distant reality, efforts focused on the func
, . tionalist approach to integration as expressed in Jean
Monnet's Schumann Plan.
. 7. Monnet's guiding idea was that war between
, Germany and France must never again disrupt the
. politics and prosperity of the continent. Italy and
Benelux joined the ensuing negotiations.
NBI 8. The result was the Treaty of Paris, signed 1 April
1951, implemented July 1952 among the six, which
sought to integrate the industrial sectors then most
associated with war production (coal and steel) in
! such a way that the parties could no longer maintain
an independent capacity to make war on each other.
EU 9. Its economic success provided impetus for further
1. In November 1993 the official title of the European and broader integration, despite the failure of the
Community (EC) was changed to European Union European Defense Community in 1954. Plans for
(EU) as a result of ratification of the Maastricht integration across all economic sectors culminated in
treaty by member states' parliaments. the Treaty of Rome signed on 25 March 1957 with
2. The EU should properly have been known as the effect from 1 January 1958.
10. The United Kingdom had declined involvement, opt
ing to establish a rival organization, the European
Free Trade Area (EFTA).
11. The three Communities came to be increasingly indis
tinguishable over time. The Merger Treaty of 1965
gave all three a common Commission and Council.
12. The EU undergone a considerable expansion of mem
bership, with the accession of the United Kingdom,
Ireland, Denmark in 1973, Greece in 1981, and Spain
and Portugal in 1986, and Sweden, Austria and
Finland in 1994.
13. This propels the process of integration, despite fre
quent turmoil and disagreement, and has seen the EU
merge as an increasingly state-like entity in the inter
national system. As such the EU is poised to alter tra
ditional conceptions of sovereignty and international
organizations.
5. also favor a continued American presence.
. 9.
NATO
1. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was
established in 1949 and presented the culmination of
Western responses to growing perception of threat
from the Soviet Union in the years following the end
of the Second World War.
2. NATO originally had twelve members: the United
States, Britain, France, Canada, Italy, the Nether
lands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Iceland,
Norway and Portugal.
3. Greece and Turkey joined in 1952, the Federal
Republic of Germany in 1955, and Spain in 1982.
4. In 1966 General de Gaulle withdrew France from the
integrated military commands of NATO, though not
from membership in the alliance itself.
5. The parties to NATO agree to treat an attack on any
one of them as an attack against all, each member
being obliged to assist those attacked by taking such
action as it deems necessary, including the use of
armed force.
6. NATO survived a serious crisis over nuclear weapons.
In the early and mid-1960-s the credibility of
American military guarantees to Europe was weak
ened by the Soviet Union development of the capabil
ity to mount nuclear strikes against the US.
7. NATO's Cold War role can be summarized by the
remark that its purpose was to keep the Americans in,
the Germans down, and the Russians out. Between
1949 and 1989 it accomplished all three of these
objectives successfully.
8. NATO is still in demand. Given the potential for turbu
lence in post-Cold War Europe, most Western European
states still feel mere comfortable having America "in",
and most of the successor states to the Soviet Empire
NATO has formed the North Atlantic Cooperation
Council (NACC) which serves as a consultative mech
anism to bring the ex-communist states to the
Western forum.
10. The United States are amenable to a reduced pres
ence, and NATO members as a whole are reluctant to
abandon the extensive network of military collabora
tion and integration that they have built up.
6.
.
,
,
.
, , -
. tive and toxic waste at sea. During Greenpeace's long
. campaign against sea dumping, activists put their
, lives at risk by steering inflatable boats under barrels
. of radioactive waste being dropped from dump ships.
9. In 1986 the International Whaling Commission of
Greenpeace Greenpeace adopted a worldwide memorandum on
1. Greenpeace was formed in 1971 when a group of commercial whaling. High-profile campaign "Save
North American activists hired a battered boat and the Whales" and direct actions against the whaling
sailed into US atomic test zone of Amchitka to protest ships had aroused enormous public sympathy for the
against nuclear testing. plight of the whales.
2. Their name bound together concern for ecology with 10. Today Greenpeace continues campaigns to stop whal
the desire for a nuclear free world. Greenpeace has ing countries such as Norway from flouting the ban.
almost 3 million supporters in 158 countries around In 1994 two Greenpeace ships were seized by the
the world. Norwegian navy as they confronted whalers in the
3. In 1979 Greenpeace became the international organi North Sea.
zation that it is today, when offices in Europe, the 11. Greenpeace's longest running campaign achieved vic
Pacific and North America united to form Greenpeace tory in 1995 when France, the UK, the USA, Russia
International. and China committed to signing the Nuclear Test Ban
4. Since 1989 Greenpeace International has been based Treaty. Greenpeace ships had once again sailed to the
in Amsterdam, and it is here that Greenpeace's inter Pacific to protest against French bomb testing at
national campaigns are developed and coordinated. Moruroa.
5. Greenpeace's internationalism is rooted in the belief 12. At the 1992 Rio Earth Summit governments
that only through global cooperation we can hope to promised to protect the world's atmosphere from its
both counter the threats, which the world's environ greatest threat - climate change. Yet almost nothing
ment faces and provide the solutions that are needed. has been done to cut down our dependency on the fos
6. All 32 Greenpeace national offices around the world sil fuels: coal, oil and gas, which are disrupting the
are presented at an Annual General Meeting, where climate.
Greenpeace policy is decided. The Annual General 13. While the world continues on its oil-dependent path,
Meeting (AGM) agrees on the broad campaigning pri a new and clean technology is being promoted by
orities for the coming year. Greenpeace, which can unlock the power of the sun.
7. Greenpeace International is funded by the major Two-thirds of Britain's present electricity needs
national offices, which contribute around a quarter of could be supplied using this technology.
their gross income to international campaigns. Between
AGMs an international board elected by all the national
offices takes any urgent international decision.
8. In 1983 the London Dumping Convention organized
by Greenpeace voted to halt the dumping of radioac
 6 .
" dropped to a drugstore and bought her a bottle of perfume"
"Could you get some milk, there's a drugstore on your
way" .

, . , (
, . ) ,
, , ,
. - . ,
, , , .

, , :
,
, 1. ( )
: , ,
. , sputnik, dacha, perestroika

, , , 2. (backbencher - , brainstorm -

)
. , -
(mini-skirt - -;
, . - State Duma)
3. ( ), ,
, , 13- - annual bonus payment
- Breadline -
- On the breadline - extremely poor
. :
4.
Under-Secretary -
Secretary of State -
- Russian Parliament
..
, ,
, ,
. , drugstore , ,
pharmacy . .
,
 .

. 1. the US Federal government -
, 2. the Supreme Court -
, 3. the House of Representatives -
, ( 4. the Senate -
). 5. a Representative -
, , 6. a Congressman -
, 7. a Congresswoman - -
, 8. a Senator - ,
. 9. the Secretary of State -
: ( )
, ( 10. a bill -
- 11. a law -
). 12. the Governor -
, , 13. the Mayor -
. 14. the city council -
,
15. local government - /

6.1. 16. state government - /
17. the state legislature -
18. a district - ()
. 19. a general election -
20. a presidential election -
21. a party convention -
, 2 2. Primaries/primary elections -
. 23. Caucuses -

1. 24. the electoral college -
, 25. the Gallop poll - ,
. 26. the House banking committee chairman -
.

27. the House majority leader -
.
.
 agree to it.
9. State government has the greatest influence in peo
ple's daily lives. Each state has its own written con
. stitution, and among the states there are sometimes
great differences in law on matters such as property,
2. - crime, health and education.
10. The highest elected official of each state is the gover
. nor. Each state also has one or two elected law-making
bodies (state legislature) whose members represent
Government in the US the various parts of the state.
1. All levels of government in the US (federal, state and 11. Local government concerns laws made at the town, city
local) are elected by the people of the country. The or county level. These laws are usually limited to a small
federal government, which can be called the national area and concern such things as traffic, where and when
government, is made up of the Congress, the alcoholic drinks can be sold, or keeping animals.
President and the Supreme Court. 12. The highest elected official of town or city is usually
2. The Constitution of the US limits the power of the fed the mayor; a small law-making is usually called the
eral government mainly to defense, foreign affairs, town or city council.
printing money, controlling trade and relations 13. Every law at every level of government must be in
between the states, and protecting human rights. agreement with United States constitution. Any citizen
3. Congress is the central law-making body in the US. It who thinks he or she has not been given their rights
consists of the House of Representatives and the under the law may argue their case through all the
Senate. courts up to the Supreme Court, which is the final court
4. The House of Representatives is the lower but more of appeal in the US. Any law which is not in agreement
important of the two houses. It has 435 members who with the constitution cannot be kept in force.
are elected by their states.
5. The number of Representatives for each state 3. -
depends on the size of the population of the state. ,
Each state has at least one Representative who is also .
called a Congressmen or a Congress woman.
6. The Senate is the higher but less powerful of the two Elections in the US
houses. It has 100 members, called Senators, elected 1. Congress, the central law-making body in the US, is
by their state. Each state has two Senators. made up of the House of Representatives and the
7. Congress decides whether a bill becomes law. If the Senate. Members of both houses are elected by the
Senate and the House of Representatives both agree people of the state they represent.
to a bill, the President is asked to agree. 2. There are 435 members of the House of Representa
8. The President can veto the bill, but Congress can still tives, called Congressmen or Congresswomen. The
make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house number of Representatives for each state depends on
 the size of the population of the state. candidate with the most Electoral College votes wins
3. States such as California, which has a big population, the election and becomes the president.
have many Representatives. States with a low popula
tion, like Wyoming, may have only one or two. 4.
4. States are divided into smaller areas called districts, ,
and the people in each district elect one Representative. .
5. Elections are held for all the seats in the House of .
Representatives every two years. There are 100 mem
bers of the Senate, called Senators, two for each state.
6. Senators hold office for a term of 6 years. Every two .
years a third of the Senators are elected by the people. .
7. In the general elections, voters usually have a choice
among candidates from the two main parties and can 1. Westminster - ,
didates from small parties or ones who are running
independently. The candidate who receives the most 2. the House of Lords -
votes is elected. 3. the House of Commons -
8. Most Congressmen and Congresswomen belong to one 4. a constituency -
of the two main political parties. General elections 5. Members of Parliament (MPs) -
are preceded by a primary election or caucus held to 6. a minority government -
decide which one of the candidates from each party 7. an Act of Parliament -
will represent that party in the general election. 8. the monarch - ,
9. Presidential elections are similar to elections for the 9. hereditary peers - ,
House of Representatives and the Senate and are held 10. titles like Lord or Viscount -
every four years. 11. life peers - ,
10. Primary elections and caucuses are held in most 12. the Church of England -
states to help choose who will be each party's candi 13. archbishops and bishops -
date in the presidential election.
11. Primaries determine how many delegates to the party 5. -
convention will vote for each candidate. The candi ,
date with the most votes at the party convention is .
officially nominated as that party's candidate.
12. Presidential elections work by a system called the National government
"electoral college". Each state has a number of 1. The centre of government in Britain is Parliament,
Electoral College votes equal to the number of which makes all the important laws for the country
Senators and Representatives it has. about crimes and punishment, taxation and so on.
13. The candidate who wins the most votes in a state 2. Parliament is made up of the House of Commons,
receives all that state's Electoral College votes. The House of Lords and the monarch.
 3. The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in
London and sometimes "Westminster" itself is used
to mean Parliament.
4. The House of Commons (or the Commons) is the lower
but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected
members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each
representing people in a particular area or constituency.
5. The House of Lords (or the Lords) is the higher but
less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000
members, none of whom is elected. These members
include several categories.
6. Firstly, hereditary peers - people who have titles like
Lord or Viscount which have been passed down to
them on the death of their father.
7. Secondly, life peers - people who are given titles as a
reward for their long service in public life, but whose
children do not inherit their title.
8. Last, but not least, some archbishops and bishops -
important leaders of the Church of England.
9. The government brings bills to the House of Commons to
be discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of
Lords. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill,
but does not have the power to reject it.
10. When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on
them and if they are passed they are signed by the
monarch and become Acts of Parliament.
11. At present England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern
Ireland are all governed by P a r l i a m e n t in
Westminster.
12. In Northern Ireland political parties are different but
their MPs still go to the House of Commons.
13. In Scotland there is a lot of discussion about whether
Scotland should have some separate or partly sepa
rate from of government. The same is true in Wales.
6. 5. Both metaphors are important in understanding the
. "War history of contemporary terrorism in the United
on Terror: Insights into Global Issues", States. However, we must begin our look at contem-
.
.
http:www.hello-online.ru
1. In many ways, the history of contemporary terrorism
in the United States of America is very different from
that of almost all other major countries or regions.
Unlike other countries such as Britain, Russia,
France, India or China, the United States did not real
ly consider itself vulnerable to 'terrorists' until the
World Trade Center Bombing of 1993. Even then, ter
rorism seemed really to be someone else's problem.
2. However, in the aftermath of the second attack and
ensuing destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001,
Americans finally grasped the global threat and nature
of contemporary terrorism. Now, there is a need to re
examine how Americans viewed their own history of
calculated violence, in other words, terrorism.
3. Perhaps one of the major differences between terror
ism in the United States and other countries is that
there has been little "revolutionary" violence in the
United States. Rather, most contemporary terrorism
or calculated violence seems to have been to "pre
serve" a traditional, perhaps mythical American cul
ture described as the Melting Pot.
4. Two contrasting metaphors describe American views
of their society: the Melting Pot and the Salad Bowl.
In the traditional view knows as the Melting Pot,
everyone who came to America became alike, assimi
lated through their shared experiences; conversely,
using a newer symbol, the Salad Bowl, Americans
attempt to acknowledge significant cultural differ
ences of the various groups in the USA with the now
famous slogan "celebrate diversity."
 porary terrorism by looking at the United States just
after the American Civil War in the 1860s and the
Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
6. As the unrest of the 1960s settled down, the United
States seemed immune to the terrorist attacks that
were happening throughout the world. Although
there were attacks on American targets throughout
the world, the "heartland" seemed safe from truly
serious attacks. Instead, there arose small groups or
individuals who seemed simply more bothersome than
actually dangerous. Eventually, one of the small
'bothers' would lead to the watershed Oklahoma City
Bombing, but for most of the thirty years from the
early 70s through the first World Trade Center bomb-
ing of 1993, Fortress America felt itself safe.
7. Let's have a look at a few of these domestic terrorist
groups to see how they were possible at all. Although
few American groups can be called radical in the glob-
al context, there are some which are clearly outside
the mainstream of American thought. These groups
cover spectrum of political thought from extreme
right-wing militias to ultra-liberal environmentalists.
8. In the 70s and 80s, concern for environmental issues
went quickly from the fringes of American society to
a very mainstream stance; the debate on environmen-
tal protection became and is still clearly a national
issue. For some, however, the majority approach to
environmental protection was not enough. Conse-
quently, small cells of "radical" environmentalists
began to develop; some choose to carry out actions
that were dubbed ecotage by the press (by combining
2 words sabotage + ecology).
9. More open to public view and criticism are the many
animal rights groups that have carried out many
actions that are labeled as terrorism by some and acts
of courage by others. In a magazine article from 1997
there are many points that might be used to separate
these radical animal rights activists from contempo-
rary terrorists.
10. Even after the first bombing of the World Trade
Center in 1993, people in United States felt safe and
isolated from international terrorism. As we've seen
in the last article, Timothy McVeigh's actions also
single-handedly destroyed the moderate right-wing
militias that might have supported more extreme
members in domestic terrorist groups. But it was
already clear that terrorism was a growing problem
for American interests.
11. On September 11, 2001, four commercial jetliners
were hijacked, apparently by Islamic fanatics. One jet
crashed in rural Pennsylvania; one was intentionally
crashed into the US Pentagon, the headquarters of
the American military. The other two were flown into
the World Trade Center Twin Towers, a symbol of
American power and success, causing their complete
collapse and the deaths of over 4,000 people.
12. The day's connected events were the single most hor-
rific episode of modern terrorism. The magnitude of
the destruction shocked the entire world and woke the
U.S. and its people from their sense of imagined secu-
rity. In the aftermath, the American president
declared "war on terrorism" and helped form an
international alliance to combat terrorism. America
would never be the same again.
13. Much has been written about the bombing of the
World Trade Center Twin Towers and the Pentagon
on September 11, 2001. Perhaps the most important
American reactions were those that spontaneously
occurred. The following article was written on the
day of the attack on a website normally devoted to ice
hockey by a sports writer not a political analyst.
 7. being rebuffed initially by clerks.
. 8. Every state has toughened driver's license procedures
since the 2001 attacks. Many have added safeguards
. such as watermarks, fingerprints and digital pho
tographs. Among the changes:
Driver license fraud report: Still too easy 9. Alaska, New Jersey and Oklahoma - the last states to
By Patrick McMahon, USA TODAY use paste-on Polaroid images as license photos - will
1. The nation's system for issuing driver's licenses begin replacing them in January with plastic credit-
remains vulnerable to fraud despite millions of dol card-style licenses that have bar codes to deter fraud.
lars states have spent to tighten procedures, Congress Acting Gov. Donald DiFrancesco vowed in 2001 to rid
was told Tuesday. New Jersey of its reputation as "the home of the
2. A report by the General Accounting Office detailed make-your-own driver's license."
how undercover agents using phony birth certifi 10. Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Mississippi,
cates, utility bills, baptismal certificates and fake IDs Oklahoma, West Virginia and the District of
from other states obtained driver's licenses in all Columbia are using digital photographs to amass a
seven states they visited from July 2002 to May 2003. database of all drivers' faces.
3. The report by the investigative arm of Congress comes 11. Florida officials last month approved a $52 million,
almost two years after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks five-year contract to produce licenses faster with
spotlighted wide gaps in the methods states use to ver more features to prevent fraud.
ify the identity of applicants for driver's licenses. 12. Efforts by states are "definitely a good first step,"
4. Several of the Sept. 11 hijackers legally obtained says Deborah Otoo, executive director of the Coalition
Florida licenses, which they used to board the jets that for a Secure Driver's License, a Washington, D.C.,
they commandeered and flew into the World Trade group formed after the Sept. 11 attacks. "They are ris
Center and Pentagon. Others paid people in Virginia to ing to the challenge. States don't want to become the
swear that they had permanent addresses in that state. next state to license a terrorist."
5. Changes in the last two years have made fraud more 13. Procedures for issuing licenses to immigrants also
difficult, but gaps remain, officials said. have been changed. In some states, licenses will
6. "If the GAO can do this, then terrorists can do it," expire when the immigrants' visas expire. Residency
Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, chairman of the Senate requirements have been tightened in many states.
Finance Committee, said at a hearing Tuesday at
which the GAO's findings were reviewed. 8.
7. The states where agents got driver's licenses with .
phony documents were Virginia, Maryland, South
Carolina, Arizona, California, Michigan and New Women in American Politics
York, plus the District of Columbia, the committee 1. The election of at least 71 women to the U.S. House of
said. Agents obtained a license every time they tried Representatives - a few more might be added when
but sometimes had to adjust their methods after still-contested races are settled - and 16 to the U.S.
 Senate in the 2006 midterm election sets a new record
for women in the U.S. Congress.
2. This display of women's growing political power also
made history by elevating the first woman to the
third most important post in the U.S. government.
Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat from California and the
current House minority leader, was confirmed by the
Democratic Caucus November 16 as speaker of the
House for the 110th Congress, which will convene in
J a n u a r y 2007.
3. She will be second in line for the presidency of the
United States. According to U.S. law, should the
president be rendered unable to serve, the vice presi-
dent takes control. Should the president and the vice
president both be unable to perform their duties, the
speaker of the House assumes the presidency.
4. "We've had our differences in our party. We've come
together," Pelosi said after her selection, asserting
future party "unity for a new direction for our coun-
t r y . " Pelosi has been a unifying force in the
Democratic Party, bringing members together on key
issues and votes. She has mobilized legislators to
block major Republican initiatives, such as t h e
administration's Social Security proposals. She voted
against the Iraq war, but later voted to fund it.
5. She will hold the highest office in the 435-seat House
of Representatives, the legislative body t h a t reflects
the wishes of the American people on a regional basis.
The speaker of the House has tremendous political
influence, sets the legislative agenda, refers bills to
committee for consideration and appoints officers of
that chamber.
6. Pelosi is a trailblazer for women in politics.
Representative for the E i g h t h District in San
Francisco since 1987, she was voted leader of the
House Democrats in 2002, the first woman to hold
that position. Before that, she directed her party's
legislative strategy as Democratic whip. Pelosi grew
up with politics. Both her father and brother served
as mayors of Baltimore.
7. With Pelosi at the helm, it is likely t h a t more women
will move up to important leadership roles in the
House. More women also are expected to assume crit-
ical posts in the Senate, such as chairing influential
committees.
8. Barbara Palmer, a faculty member of the Women in
Politics Institute at American University, told our
correspondent t h a t t h e c u r r e n t political climate
helped women overcome the "incumbency effect,"
which limits o p p o r t u n i t y in a male-dominated
Congress. "We don't have a parliamentary system
and parties have very little control over who runs,
and t h a t ' s what makes us so different than everybody
else. I t ' s very difficult to get any turnover," Palmer
said.
9. But voter dissatisfaction with congressional perfor-
mance over issues of ineffectuality and corruption
caused a shake-up in 2006. "Any corruption is a big
issue. Women are perceived as being less corrupt. It
doesn't matter if i t ' s true or not, but t h a t ' s how they
are perceived," Palmer said. "Women are not per-
ceived as part of the old-boy network."
10. Women also bring different priorities to the table. In
2006, the concerns of the electorate corresponded to
those of women candidates: health care, education, a
higher minimum wage and a resolution of the war in
Iraq. This benefited women, bringing them a much
larger-than-average increase in seats.
11. Women work hard in Congress. "The women senators
are ... a force. We hold powerful leadership and com-
mittee positions, and work in coalition to get things
done with civility and respect. We believe t h a t every
issue is a women's issue," Maryland Democratic
Senator Barbara A. Mikulski said at her recent Senate
 Women Power Workshop. She began the workshops .
in 1992 to prepare new women senators for their
demanding jobs. .
12. According to R u t g e r s University Center for
American Women and Politics, more women ran for .
office in 2006 than ever before. "If you look at the 40 5 50 .
most competitive races in the country, women were 4. 2002 13%
r u n n i n g in almost half of t h e m , " Palmer said. . 1992 3 % .
"Women candidates were a big part of the Democrats
having as big a margin as they did in the House." -
13. The message to women, Palmer says, is "Individuals .
can make a difference. If you feel passionate about 5.
something, your voice needs to be heard." Women can . , -
succeed, she said. "They can have a tremendous 1975-1995
impact on elections and policy." - 1 1 % , 2005
, 1 6 % .
9. 1995 2005
- 6,8% 1 4 , 3 % .
, 6.
. -
40%
50% .
1.
, - 5% .
. 7. 8%
- , , .
2006 - .
.
, , , ,
, . -.
-
2. -
- -
.
, , , ,
,
55% 4 2 % . .
3. 8.
--
 , , ,
- , ,
2009 , ,
. , .
13. ,

, - , ,
. . -
9.
, -
-, ,
, ,
, (52% 48%). .

- 22% 78%.
10. , 6.2.
. ,
,
,
,
, . ,
, , .
, . ,
,
. .
11.
, &- J /,
. - - ,
. , ,
- .
, -
. .
. , ,
12. , , 10 ,
2%, -
7%. ,
. , .

. 10. the Security Council -
11. the Prosecutor General -
12. the Constitutional Court -
, 13. The Statistics Committee/Goskomstat -
.
2.
1. ,
, ,
. .
.
1. Patriarch Alexy II - II

2. the Holy Synod - *
.
3. Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad -
.

4. the Union of Right Forces (SPS) -
, 5. United Russia Party -

6. Liberal Democratic Party - -
,

. 7. the Russian Regions party -
8. the People's Party -
9. the Democratic Party -
1. the Office of the President -
2. the President's envoy to the Volga Federal District - 10. the People's Patriotic Union - -

11. the Center for Political Technologies - -
. the State Duma -
1. the Federal Assembly - 12. the Center for National Strategy - -
4. the Council of Ministers -
5. Prime-Minister/acting prime minister - - 13. the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepre-
/ neurs -
6. the Russian Foreign Ministry -
7. the Russian Finance Ministry - 3.
,
8. the Russian Justice Ministry - .
.
9. the Federal Security Service -
 1. the head of the Kremlin administration/the Kremlin 4.
chief-of-staff - ,
2. the Central Election Commission Chairman - .
1.
3. Russia's envoy to the European Union - 2.
3.
4. Government agencies - 4. - .
5. the Central Bank - 5. .
6. the Russian Academy of Sciences - 6.
7.
7. the Central Election Commission - 8.
, 9.
8. leaders of CIS countries - 10.
9. the former Soviet Union - 1 1 .
, 12.
10. the former Soviet republic of Armenia - 13.

11. the Transdniestria - 5.
12. Communist voters - ,
13. centrally planned economy - ,
.
14. multiparty democracy - 1. ...
15. one-party rule - , 2. ...
3. ...
16. managed democracy - 4. ...
17. civil society - 5. ...
1 8 . Jaw-based state - 6\ ...
19. a silovik, security official - 7. ...
8. ...
20. security agencies/ministers/ministries - 9. ...
// 10. ...
2 1 . state-paid workers/budget-related employees - 1 1 . -...
12. ...
22. business organisations - 13.
2 3 . an oil tycoon - , ...
24. the gas monopoly Gazprom - 14. ...
25. the electricity utility UES - 15. ...
16. ... 11.
17. ... 12.
18. ... 13.
19. ...
20. ... [ 6.2 .6).
21. ...
22. ... 1. the Tretiakov A r t Gallery
23. ... 2. the Museum of Space Exploration
24. ... 3. the Kremlin
25. ... 4. the Armoury
26. ... 5. the Museum of Architecture
27. ... 6. the Museum of the Armed Forces
28. ... 7. the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts
29. ... 8. the Museum of History
30. ... 9. the Polytechnic Museum
31. ... 10. the Museum of the Great Patriotic W a r
32. ... 11. the Museum of Oriental Art
33. ... 12. the Museum of the City of Moscow
34. 13. the Planetarium
35. ...
36. ... 7. ,
37. ,.. .
38. The State Council
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2fhi/europe/country_pro-
6. files/1102275.stm#facts
. 1. The Fact File on Russia gives the following:
Full name: Russian Federation
1. Population: 143.8 million (via UN, 2006)
2.
Capital: Moscow
3. Area: 17 million sq km (6.6 million sq miles)
4. Major language: Russian
5. Major religions: Christianity, Islam
6. 2. It also adds the following facts:
7. . .. Life expectancy: 59 years (men), 72 years (women) (UN)
8. Monetary unit: 1 rouble = 100 kopecks
9. Main exports: Oil and oil products, natural gas, wood
10. and wood products, metals, chemicals, weapons and
 military equipment
GNI per capita: US $4,460 (World Bank, 2006)
Internet domain: .ru
International dialling code: +7
3. Russia has been striving to find its new place in the
world since the Soviet Union ceased to be in 1991. A
new political order has been established and the econ-
omy has seen steady growth since the collapse of
1998. At the same time, fears have been expressed
t h a t the country's long history of authoritarian rule
did not end with Communism and Chechnya remains
a very painful thorn in Russia's flesh.
4. The country impresses with its diversity and size.
Spanning 10 time zones, this Eurasian land mass covers
more than 17m sq km. Its climate ranges from the Arctic
north to the generally temperate south. Russia has vast
natural resources, not least in oil and gas. World oil
prices are a key factor in determining economic strength.
5. In the privatisation years of the 1990s Russia provided
entrepreneurs with the potential for rich pickings. A
small group of people, often referred to as oligarchs,
acquired vast interests in the energy and media sectors.
Some analysts believed that the then president, Boris
Yeltsin, allowed their influence to extend too far into
the political field but President Putin soon made it clear
that there was no question of that with him in charge.
6. Some oligarchs found themselves facing criminal
investigation and one or two household names felt it
necessary to leave the country. One of them, Mikhail
Khodorkovsky, who headed the Yukos oil company, is
now serving eight years in a Siberian penal colony
having been convicted on tax and fraud charges. He
had not confined his activities to business but had let
his support for liberal politics be known.
7. The Kremlin has taken steps to reassert control over
the oil and gas sectors. The Russian state now has a
stake of more than 50% in the giant gas company
Gazprom which supplies about a quarter of Europe's
gas needs. Agreement has also been reached that
Russian gas will be supplied to China.
8. While Russians make up over 80% of the population
and Orthodox Christianity is the main religion, there
are many other ethnic and religious groups. Muslims
are concentrated among the Volga Tatars and the
Bashkirs and in the North Caucasus.
9. Chechnya remains prominent in the headlines. Many
thousands have died since Russian troops were first
sent in to put down a separatist rebellion in 1994 and
guerrilla fighters continue to mount a t t a c k s .
However, the Kremlin faced less criticism from the
West over its actions in Chechnya in the aftermath of
the 11 September attacks on the US.
10. Since then, Moscow has presented its war against
Chechen separatism as part of the global war against
international terrorism. It insists that its hard-line
policies there are working and t h a t peace is returning
to the republic. This has frequently been called into
question as violence flares with tragic regularity
across Chechnya and the wider North Caucasus.
11. Russia's supportive policy on the US-led campaign
against international terrorism also had an impact on
the country's relations with Nato. The two sides
agreed in May 2002 to establish the Nato-Russia
Council giving Russia an equal role with Nato coun-
tries in decision making on policy to counter terror-
ism and other security threats.
12. Nevertheless, Russia was firm in its opposition to the
US-led military action against Iraq in the spring of
2003, insisting t h a t UN weapons inspectors be given
as much time as they needed to do their work.
13. Despite concerns expressed by Washington, Moscow
and Tehran agreed early in 2005 t h a t Russia would
supply fuel for Iran's Bushehr nuclear reactor. Amid
increasing international concern over Iran's nuclear
 programme, Russia has so far taken a very cautious 9.
approach on sanctions. It has consistently shown t h a t .
its desire to build a new relationship with the US will .
not deter it from going its own way on key issues.
1. ,
8. ,
.
7% 2007
1. . 8

. , , 7% .
2. .
. , , -
3. , , -.
, 2. -
2003 , , 1 0 % .
4. 2 488 , ,
.
5. - 208 : /
. / . ,
6. - 146 .
7. - - 98 .
8. .
, 3. ,
, 5
5 . 2008
9. .
23 645 , .. 800 . , ,
10. ,
35 % . .
11. 4. ,
2 1 % .
12. 42 - , - . -
, . ,
13. 53% , .
2004 , - 30 40 . ,
.
 5. .
20%
, . ,
, 25-29 - 9,6%.
REGNUM, 11. ,
(
20-24 2006 ,
579 ). . , ,
6. , , ,
,
: . 11% ,

( 9-10 2006 , 1600 ( - 4%).
) 58% 12. , ,
. 15%
7. 68 % . 18%
, ( ).
13. 34%
,
, 32% 30% - .

. 10.
8. - : 55% - .
,
, 9% , .
25% - , .
- - 1. The Forbes publishing family has sold its collection of
fabled Faberge Imperial Easter Eggs to Russian
. industrialist Viktor Vekselberg, months before they
9. : were to be offered at auction, Sotheby's auction house
said on Wednesday.
. 2. None of the parties would disclose the price for the
private sale of nine eggs and 180 other Faberge pieces
in the collection, but Sotheby's had estimated their
. sale value as at least $90 million. "The family is
10. 60 thrilled by the sale, but they would never discuss the
4 0 % . price," Forbes family spokeswoman Monie Begley
 said by telephone.
3. Sotheby's and the Forbes family announced last
month that the eggs and other treasures collected by
the late Malcolm Forbes would be offered for sale in
New York in April.
4. "This is an unanticipated and exceptional outcome,"
Bill Ruprecht, president and chief executive officer
of Sotheby's Holdings, Inc. said in a statement.
5. The eggs, considered a standard for rare treasures,
were first commissioned by Russian Czar Alexander
III from the House of Faberge master crafters in 1885
as Easter gifts for his wife, Czarina Maria
Feodorovna. The tradition continued for 30 years in
the Romanov imperial family.
6. "Upon learning that the Forbes collection was going
to be auctioned, I knew immediately that this was a
once in a lifetime chance to give back to my country
one of its most revered treasures," Vekselberg said in
a statement.
7. There are 50 Imperial Easter Eggs in the world,
including the nine now owned by Vekselberg. There
are 10 in the Moscow Kremlin Collection, the Virginia
Museum of Fine Arts in the United States has five and
Britain's Queen Elizabeth owns three. Most of others
are in the United States, Switzerland and Monaco.
8. However, eight Imperial Easter Eggs are unaccount
ed for. No one knows their whereabouts at the
moment, Sotheby's said. These include Alexander III
Egg (1896), Empire Nephrite egg (1902) and Danish
Jubilee egg (1903).
9. Danish Jubilee Egg is known by a description and
drawings and other information in the collection of
Faberge expert Tatiana Faberge. Amongst this infor
mation is a description of the Egg written by H.C.
Bainbridge, the manager of the Faberge-owned shop
in London. His description was published by "The
Connoisseur" magazine in June 1934.
10. The 1903 Royal Danish Egg, also known as Danish
Silver Jubilee Egg, is made of gold, light-blue and
white enamel and probably watercolor on ivory. The
Egg is only known from an early photograph. This
gold Egg is surmounted by a Danish Royal Elephant
and supported by three Danish heraldic lions.
11. Denmark's ancient Order of the Elephant is thought
to have been founded by King Knut IV in the 12th
century, and was re-established by King Christian I in
1464. When Britain's Prince of Wales - the future
King Edward IIV - married Denmark's Princess
Alexandra - daughter of King Christian IX - the
Order of the Elephant was awarded to several mem
bers of the British royal family. In Denmark it was
the symbol of absolute rule.
12. In 1903 the Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna,
born the Danish Princess Dagmar - the daughter of
King Christian IX - returned to Denmark for the
40th Anniversary of her father's accession to the
throne. The Egg that Tsar Nicholas presented to his
Mother as her Easter gift in 1903 was a commemora
tion of that event and at the same time to commemo
rate the death of Queen Louise at Bernsdorff Castle,
five years earlier.
13. Her son Tsar Nicholas II wrote in a letter to her in
Copenhagen: "I am sending you a Faberg? Easter pre
sent. I hope it will arrive safely; it simply opens from
the top". Maria's parents were very popular through
out Europe in those days. One of their daughters was
Queen of England and the other Tsarina of Russia.
Their son was the King of Greece and a grandson King
of Norway!
11,
.
 .
1. 1982 , ,
: . . , , .
. .
, ,
. , , , , -, .
- 6. ,
. - ,
, , . -
I - , -
, ,
. . , 700 - 750 ,
2. : .
, . - 7. ? - .
( 1988 ) -
: , (!) , - . -
... . , ,
- , , . ,
. . - ...
III 8. ,
, . ,
3. , - . 30-
III, II, I 2300 .
8 1944 . , ...
- , 2700 .
: -. , , -
:
. , , , - , ,
, ... .
4. , 9.
, , , .
, , ,
, , ... ( ,
), , ,
, , , .
. , ,
5. . -
 12.
. ,
10. . ( , 14(27),
: 9.11.06)
, . 1.
,
, ,

. , ,
11. .
, 2. ,
: .
? .
6,6 . -,
4,5 . - . -
. 15 . 1996 ,
12. , , ..
, , - , 3. 1999 ,
. .,
, , ,
... - , -
-? . , .
( ) . ,
.
13. ? .
, . . , .
1,1 . , 4. ,
, , , . 2000-2005
-
. , - .
, . ()
, ,
. , . .
, . 5. .
2000-2001
. 90-

 . , .
, . ,
, ,
- - . , ,
.
6. ,
- . .
. 11. , 2008
, -
? ,
2008 . .
7. , . , ,
,
, .
. , .
. 50-70%, 12. , 2008
- ,
, 10-20%. - ..
8. , - ,
, , . ,
. . .
( , .
) ,
?
. , 13. ,

. , ,
9. . ,
. -
, .
, ? , ?
. , , - ...

, , ,
, .
10. -
, .
 7 .
..-:

,
,
, /
, , ,
, , , , ,
, ..2. ,
. ,
, .
. , ,
, , , :
,
. - . ,
, . -
. .
-
, , , , .

.

7.1.
,
.
,
. , , ,
, , ,
,
1. , , .
,
, ,
, . . ,
, ,
, please.
, - -
1 2
.. "ABC's of Effective ..-. . .: /Slovo,
Communication ( )". , 2001. 2000. .216
 . 3. Would you sign this contract, please?
4. Could you give me all the documents, please?
, 5. Could you write this in capitals, please?
. 6. Would you give me your address and telephone num
- . ber, please?
7. Would you like to put down my e-mail address, please?
1. , 8. Could you call me next week, please?
9. Would you mind speaking more loudly? It's a bit dif
, , ficult to hear you (from here).
: 10. Could you, please, send your answer as soon as possible?
Will you ..., (please)? 11. Could you have an interpreter to accompany you to
Would you ..., (please)? our next meeting, please?
Could you ..., (please)? 12. Would you inform your assistant that we haven't
Would you like to ..., (please)? received the letter of confirmation?
13. Would you please tell the director that we are looking
1. , , . forward to further cooperation.
2. , , .
3. , , . 2.
4. , , .
5. . .
6. , . ,
7. . . : Sit down, won't you?
8. . .
9. . .
10. . 1. .
11. . 2. .
12. , 3. .
. 4. .
13. , , , 5. .
. 6. , .
7. , .
(7.1 . 1). , 8. .
9. , .
. 10. .
11. .
1. Would you have a look at this diagram, please? 12. .
2. Could you fill in the form, please? 13. .
 ( 7.1 .2) 11. ?
12. ?
14. Give us a hand, will you? 13. ?
15. Don't tell anybody, will you?
16. Come with me, will you? ( 7.1 .}
17. Sign it here, will you?
18. Fetch me the forms please, can you? 1. Do you mind if I use this telephone?/Do you mind my
19. Sit down, won't you? using this phone?/Is it all right if I use this telephone?
20. Speak more slowly please, could you? 2. Do you happen to know where is the Executive
21. Have a look at this letter, will you? Director?
22. Listen to what I have to say, will you? 3. I suppose you are busy now?
23. Don't say anything, will you? 4. Do you think we can carry out the experiment next week?
24. Take a taxi, will you? 5. I wonder if we can finalize the agreement tomorrow?
25. Listen to me, will you? 6. Would you like to go to the exhibition with us?
26. Don't stop, will you? 7. I don't think you can spare me a few minutes?
8. I don't suppose you'll be free next week-end?
. , 9. I don't think you keep it on a CD-rom?
10. Don't you think we need more time?
: 11. I wonder if I can get the draft proposal?
Do you happen to know... ? 12. Would you mind my taking your car?/Is it all right...
I wonder if... ? 13. I believe this is our new accountant?
I suppose... ?
Do you think...? 4.
Would you like to ... ?
Is it all right if... ? .
Do you mind ...? ..
1. ?
1. ? 2. ?
2. ? 3. ?
3. ? 4. ?
4. ? 5. ?
5. ? 6. , ?
6. ? 7. ?
7. ? 8. ?
8. -? 9. ?
9. CD-rom? 10. ?
10. ? 11.
 ? 1. ,
12. ?
13. ? .
:
(7.1 .4). . ,
, .
1. You are the new secretary, aren't you?
2. You haven't seen Professor Lewis here, have you? 1. .
3. You can type, can't you? 2. .
4. You weren't listening to him, were you? 3. .
5. You aren't working late, are you? 4. .
6. You don't know where the secretary is, do you? 5. .
7. They weren't interested in the proposal, were they? 6. !
8. You couldn't get those papers for me, could you? 7. .
9. You couldn't leave now, could you? 8. .
10. You couldn't do me a favour, could you? 9.
11. I'm not supposed to stay after hours, am I? .
12. You aren't waiting for a call, are you? 10. .
13. Dr Davis isn't available at the moment, is he? 11. .
12. .
13. .
7.2.
( 7.2 .1). .

, , 1. The restaurant is very expensive, isn't it?

-, 2. She doesn't look very well, does she?
. , 3. They didn't like your proposal, do they?
, . - 4. The proposal is really attractive, isn't it?
, 5. He isn't particularly bright, is he?
, , 6. The weather isn't so good, is it?
, . 7. Your computer isn't the latest model, is it?
8. Their office is really crowded, isn't it?
9. There is too much spam in the mail, isn't there?
. 10. We met the deadline, didn't we?
11. It isn't very warm in here, is it?
12. The building looks rather gloomy, doesn't it?
13. He doesn't earn too much, does he?
 2. ,
, 7.3.
- .

1. ? - .
2. ? - .
3. ? - . , ,
4. ? - . , .
5. ? - . ,
6. - ? - . , ..
7. - -? - .
8. ? - . 1. ,
9. ? - .
10. 7 ? - . .
11. ? - . 1. ( ).
12. ? - . 2. .
13. ? - . 3. .
4. ( ).
( 7.2 .2). . 5. .
6. .
1. Have you got telephone in your hotel room? - I don't 7. .
think so. 8. .
2. Is your book to be published this year? - I think so./I 9. .
hope so. 10. , .
3. Is he arriving tomorrow? - I think so. 11. .
4. Is the flight delayed? - I don't think so. 12. .
5. Are you working this Saturday?- I don't think so. 13.
6. Is his wife Russian? - I don't think so. .
7. Does anyone happen to speak Italian here? - I'm
afraid not. (7.3 .]). .
8. Do you happen to have a spare pen? - I'm afraid not.
9. Is your office in the centre of the city? - I'm afraid not. 1. I'm not well, I'm afraid./I'm not so well./I'm not
10. Is it possible to call him at 7 a.m.? - I think so. quite well.
11. Is it possible to walk there? - I'm afraid not. 2. I don't think I could quite agree./I'm afraid, I can't
12. Should I leave a message for him on the answerphone? agree.
-1 think so. 3. I'm afraid, you are not quite right.
13. Do I have to receive a visa again? - I think so. 4. I don't think it's so important.
 5. It's not t h a t simple, I'm afraid. - , . ,
6. It isn't easy. .
7. I d o n ' t think y o u ' r e r i g h t . / I ' m afraid you're -
wrong./I don't think you're quite right. . ?
8. There's hardly enough space here. -.
9. He isn't available at the moment, I'm afraid. - ?
10. The lift is out of order, I'm afraid we have to use the - .
stairs. -
11. I'm afraid we have hardly any time for lunch. ?
12. We can hardly meet the deadline, I'm afraid. - , .
13. I'm afraid the computer didn't save the latest version -
of the text.
?
- , .
- ,
7.4.
,
?
- , .
1. - . ,

. . .
?
- , .
4 - ,
. , ,
, Webster ( ?
), - , .
. , .
, ( 21 ) , , - ?
, - . ,
. , .
ICQ , - ?
. - , . ,
- , ? - , .
- , . - .
- , ?
? - .
 - ? - ?
- - ,
. , .
- ? -, ,
- , . ,
. .
- . , ,
. .
- , . . 22 .
- ?
2. - ,
.
. , , -
. ,
, , ...
60-70- - , ...
, . - ,
, , .
. - , 60-
, - - ?
. - . ,
, . , .
. .
, 1967 , - , .
: , - ...
, . - ?
, , . - . .
- ...
. - , - ?
- ? - .
- 60-... .
- : .
? - ,
- 13 1940 , , ...
. : , - 60 .
, , , . , ,
, , - . , . : ,
 , . . .
- . - ?
? -
- , , , , ,
. , - . .
, . , ,
. .
- ? -
? ...
- , - ...
. , -
. ... ... ,
- ? . ,
- . . - , , , - ,
, - .
. - ?
- ? - , !
- , - . - !
-
. , - 3.
, -
. .
...
- , ?.. :
- 12 1955 .
, - 15 .
. .
, , . . 70-
- : -
? ,
- , . "tapping". 1988
, .
, . -
, 1995 .
, , .
, . : - ?
- ! - - - ,
 . , , . , ...
, - , - ,
. . , ,
- , , , . ?
? - ,
- , , , .
. , . - , - .
. - ?
- - , , .
... -
- ?
. . - . .
. - ? ?
- : , - , .
- ? - -
- , . . , -
- - , ?
. - , ,
- , , .
, , ,
? .
- - ?
, . - .
- - ,
? ...
- , . - , ... -
- , -
, ?
. , , - ! .
. - , ,
? ,
- , - . ?
, , -
-, . . , ,
- - 70-? ,
- , ... 70- , .
, -
 . . : . !
- - , ! .
- ? , ,
- ... , , ,
. , . -, ,
- , , , .
, , - , ,
? , : ,
- , . ?
, , - , . , ,
. , , . . - .
- - .
? - ?
- . , . ?
- - , - . ,
, , , .
, , ,
. . -
- ! . , .
.
. - . 4.
-
? .
- , ,
- . : -
,
. .
- ,
, - ,
, .
-? - , -
- , - ...
. , . - , 28 "Belly Of
. The Sun".
, - ?
. - .
- : , , -, --
 , , , ,
- - .
. - , !
- , , ? . - .
- . ,
- ,
? .
- . - , ,
- ? ,
- . , - ?
- . - , -
. . ,
- , ... . -
. .
, - .
. - . - ?
- - , -
? .
- - ! , !
. , - !
, - .

. - .
- ?
- . ,
- .
:
, .
- .
- . . ,
, .
-
, ,
.
- -
. ,

 8 )
, ,


1:

1.
,
, , ,
.
;
2. , ,
- .
, ,
(, ,
), . ,
. .
; N61
3. / ,
. .
-
.
4. 1. North Korea Says It Has Made Fuel for Atom Bombs
, Intelligence agencies scrambled to find out if North
. Korea was bluffing or had really succeeded in produc
, ; ing the material.
5. 2. Teenagers Facing Hard Competition for Summer Jobs
The percentage of teenagers with summer jobs is at
. its lowest in 55 years, and the unemployment rate is
at its highest in 10 years.
NBI 3. New York Times Names Keller to Be Executive Editor
Bill Keller, a columnist for The Times who has served
! as managing editor and foreign editor, will assume
his new post on July 30.
1. 4. Putin Signs Bill to Ratify Kyoto Protocol
) President Vladimir Putin has signed a bill confirming
, Russia's ratification of the Kyoto Protocol clearing
, . the way for the global climate pact to come into force
early next year.
1
.. 5. Serious Internet Explorer Hole Opens PCs Up to
Attacks
 Internet security researchers warn of a fresh hole in
Internet Explorer that could allow attackers to take
control of a PC via e-mail message or a malicious Web
page.
6. In a poll conducted last month, 44 percent of the
1,600 respondents said Russia was not moving in the
right direction, while 38 percent said they liked the
direction the country was headed in.
7. The United States and Russia announced Friday that
they had agreed in principle on Russia's accession to
the World Trade Organization, a breakthrough t h a t
appears to end 13 years of politically charged and
sometimes bitter wrangling.
8. Despite an increase in per capita income, Russia has
fallen f u r t h e r behind developed countries like
Norway, Japan and the United States in terms of
income, life expectancy and other factors, according
to a UN report released last week.
9. The United States and Russia announced that they
had agreed in principle on Russia's accession to the
World Trade Organization, a b r e a k t h r o u g h t h a t
appears to end 13 years of politically charged and
sometimes bitter wrangling.
10. The United Nations Development Program's annual
human development index ranks Russia 65th out of
177 countries, sandwiched between No. 64 Libya and
No. 66 Macedonia. Last year, Russia was ranked 62nd.
11. Per capita income in Russia now stands at $9,902, up
from $9,500 last year. But life expectancy dipped
incrementally: last year, Russians could expect to
die, on average, at 65.3 years of age.
12. President Vladimir Putin noted in his state-of-the-
nation address in May t h a t the country's population
was falling by about 700,000 yearly. He proposed a
series of government programs, including cash incen
tives for women to have more children, to boost the
birth rate.
13. For the sixth consecutive year, Norway, with a per
capita GDP of about $38,000 and an average life
span of nearly 80 years, was ranked the world's best
country to live in. Iceland came in at No. 2, followed
by Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Canada, Japan and the
United States.
2.
,
.
1. In 1969 an American spacecraft landed the first two
men on the moon.
2. The first European book was published in 1457.
3. In 1861 the tsar abolished serfdom in Russia. In 1917
Marxists seized power there.
4. China in 1024 issued the first paper money. A
Swedish bank followed suit in 1661.
5. The Black Death in 1347 - 49 killed millions in Asia
and North Africa, and may be one European in three.
6. America's first oil well was drilled in 1859. The first
Middle East oil strike came in 1908.
7. In 1912 a republican regime replaced China's imperial
dynasty. In 1949 Mao Zedong made it a communist one.
8. Europe in 1848 burst into revolution. Little came of it
at the time - except Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto.
9. From 1524, Turkish invaders created the Muslin
Mughal Empire in India. From the 1750s British ones
took it over.
10. Peter the Great who ruled from 1682 to 1725 tried to
modernize Russia. From 1924 to 1953, Joseph Stalin
tried again.
11. Eleven slave-owing states seceded from the United
States in 1860-61s, but by 1865 had lost the resultant
civil war.
 12. From the late 1940s Europe's colonies won indepen
dence. Many soon succumbed to authoritarian rule of
their own.
13. Italian banks were flourishing by 1300 - though
default by England King Edward III in the 1340s
brought a huge financial crash.
I 1. Japan cut itself off in 1639 from the outside world, to
reopen only in 1853 - and catch up on three centuries
of western technology in one.
2. From around 1250, European sailors began to use the
Chinese-invented magnetic compass. In 1433 China's
last long-sea expedition ended.
3. In 1600 the English East India Company was set up,
in 1602 the Dutch one; big steps for world trade,
giant ones to European rule in Asia.
4. In 1861 a unified Italy was proclaimed, in 1871 a uni
fied Germany. The nation state had triumphed; many
new states and many wars followed.
5. Despite widespread expectations, the world did not
end as 1000 dawned. As 1999 ended, millenarian
loonies declared the world about to end too.
6. A university was founded in Bologna towards 1100,
at Paris and Oxford in the 1100s, Salamanca in 1218,
Heidelberg in 1366. Harvard came in 1636.
7. Newton published his "Principia", setting out the
laws of motion, in 1687; Darwin his "Origin of
Species" in 1859; Einstein his theory of relativity in
1905.
8. Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses criticizing papal
"indulgences" to a church door in Wittenberg in
1517. The Reformation, splitting Christendom, was
on its way.
9. Dante was born in 1265, Petrarch in 1304, Leonardo
da Vinci in 1452, Michelangelo in 1475, and with
them Europe Renaissance.
10. In 1492 Cristobal Colon sailed the Atlantic. In 1519 a
Spanish force seized the Aztec capital in Mexico.
Latin America in 1810-25 broke free from Europe -
under, everywhere, ethnic-European rule.
11. In 1099 the first crusade captured Jerusalem from the
Muslims; in 1187 Saladin took it back. In 1453 Turkish
Muslims took Constantinople. In 1492 Christians took
Granada, the last Muslim state in Spain.
12. From 1945 to 1989, a capitalist block led by the
United States and a communist one led by the Soviet
Union and China fought a cold war. In 1991 the Soviet
Union fell apart. China, still communist in name,
rediscovered market forces.
13. From 1206, Mongol armies spread across central
Asia, into Eastern Europe, the Middle East and, by
1279, all of China. But in 1368 a Chinese dynasty was
restored, and a defeat in Russia in 1380 began the
western Mongols' downfall.
.
, -
.
<
NB/ ,
!
30 - 50 .
1. In a poll conducted last month by the state-run firm, 81
percent of Russians said that given the option to be born
in any country they would pick Russia. "Life has certain
ly improved for many in the past five to six years," said
Marina Krasilnikova, an analyst. "People are still hope
ful that life will get better, but it's a cautious hope."
 2. Washington - The United States and the Philippines
signed agreements Tuesday to bolster Philippine law
enforcement and promote collaborative exchanges in
science and information technology.
3. Unemployment among blacks is rising at a faster pace
than in any similar period since the mid-1970's, and
the jobs lost have been mostly in manufacturing,
where the pay for blacks has historically been higher
than in many other fields.
4. The 132-meter ship, which had departed from a
Turkish port, sank about 40 km off the shore of
Turkey's Zonguldak region. The ship began leaking
water amid harsh winter weather. Anatolia said, the
ship was not carrying any cargo.
5. Unemployment among blacks is rising at a faster pace
than in any similar period since the mid-1970's, and
the jobs lost have been mostly in manufacturing,
where the pay for blacks has historically been higher
than in many other fields.
6. Motorists are likely to pay higher traffic fines and
spend more time in jail for violations behind the
wheel. The bills, drafted by the pro-Kremlin United
Russia party and the Interior Ministry, would slash
the number of driving deaths, supporters insist. Last
year saw 34,000 people killed in 223,000 traffic acci-
dents, according to the Interior Ministry.
7. Sixty years after the battle of Stalingrad, which took
II
the lives of half the million Soviet soldiers and about
150, 000 German troops, historians still cannot say
how many civilians died as the city was pounded to
rubble during the 200 days of fighting.
8. The State Duma on Friday rubberstamped a proposal
to hike budget spending by 28 percent in 2007 in a
third and penultimate reading. It will come into force
following a fourth and final reading by the Duma on
Nov. 24 and approval by the Federation Council and
President Vladimir Putin.
9. Russians are saving more and putting more rubles in
the bank, according to the State Statistics Committee's
preliminary results. Ruble saving grew 35 percent
last year, reaching 1.5 trillion rubles by the end of
the year, Interfax reported Monday.
10. Russia already planned to send 3 Progress ships to the
orbiting station this year, but at least one more will
have to be manufactured and launched if the shuttles
do not fly, said Yuriy Grigoriev deputy chief of
Corporation Energia, which manufactures cargo ships.
11. During a large rally in Jakarta, Indonesia, more than
100,000 people chanted "America imperialist, No. 1
terrorist!" and peacefully marched a mile from the
British Embassy to the U.S. Embassy . Some witness-
es estimated the crowd was as large as 300,000.
12. The number of new foreign students coming to the
United States grew this school year, after several
years of weakness that followed the terrorist attacks
of 2001, according to a survey to be released today by
the Institute of International Education.
13. Another sign of a turnaround was a sharp upturn in
student visas. The State Department issued a record
591,050 student and exchange visas in the 12 months
ending in September, a 14 percent increase over the
previous year and 6 percent more than in the year
leading up to the 2001 attacks.
1. Turkey - A 5,085-ton Russian freighter sank off
Turkey's black Sea coast Monday, killing at least five
people, the Anatolia news agency reported. Anatolia
said three of 14 crew members were rescued. Turkey's
coast guard and several other ships were searching
for the remaining six crew members.
2. Singer Bobby Brown was arrested on a probation violation
while dining with his wife, Grammy winner Whitney
Houston, police say. Brown was picked up Friday night at
 a restaurant in the Atlanta suburb of Alpharetta after an
unidentified caller tipped authorities, said police Sgt.
Chris Lagerbloom, a department spokesman.
3. Two research letters in the Aug. 27 issue of the
Journal of the American Medical Association found
dark chocolate and drinkable cocoa had beneficial
effects on certain measures of heart function. Both
were small studies, however, and experts warn it's
not yet time to substitute Nestle's dark for tried-and-
true fruits and veggies.
4. Israel - Twin Palestinian suicide bombings - one at a
bus stop crowded with soldiers near Tel Aviv, the sec-
ond five hours later at a popular Jerusalem nightspot
- killed at least 15 Israelis and wounded and maimed
dozens as the region grappled with a new wave of sav-
age bloodletting.
5. More Americans say the United Nations is doing a
poor job in solving world problems than at any time in
the past 50 years, according to a USA
TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll. The negative view of the
UN appears to stem from the Security Council's lack
of support for the war in Iraq.
6. The number of American students studying abroad is
smaller than the number of foreign students who
come to the United States but has been rising. Some
universities, like Harvard and Yale, which had not
promoted foreign study, have begun to encourage it.
Other universities that have previously encouraged
foreign study have expanded their offerings.
7. Michigan State University has added a program in
Ireland to study disability services. It has also added
direct enrollment for its students who want to attend
universities in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and
summer seminars for incoming freshmen before they
go abroad. During the 2004-5 academic year, 2,385
Michigan State students studied abroad.
8. Western Europe remained the top destination for
American students, with the United Kingdom, Italy,
Spain and France leading the list. But countries out-
side Western Europe became increasingly popular.
China, for example, is the eighth most popular desti-
nation for American students studying abroad.
Argentina, Brazil and India also saw large gains that
pushed them into the 20 most popular destinations.
9. Washington - This weekend, U.S. Navy forces and
US allies will launch a new program intended to
squeeze the North Korean economy by threatening its
exports of missiles and other weapons. A high-level
State Department official said Australia, France and
Japan would join in operation "Pacific Protector" in
the Coral Sea off Australia.
10. Mexico - Four youths wearing masks tossed gasoline
bombs at a McDonald's restaurant in the conflict-torn
city of Oaxaca on Sunday. The restaurant is near the
university where leftist protesters set up their head-
quarters last month after the police drove them out of
the city's main plaza. They had occupied the plaza for
five months in an effort to force the resignation of
the city governor.
11. BEIJING - Some 2,000 people mobbed and ransacked
a hospital in southwestern China on Friday in a dis-
pute over medical fees and shoddy health care prac-
tices, a human rights group said today. The unrest
erupted after a 3-year-old boy died in the hospital,
where he had been rushed for emergency treatment.
There were conflicting reports about how much medi-
cal care the boy received.
12. Borjomi is involved in a dispute with the British
Petroleum oil group over its decision to build a
pipeline through the valley were the company's
springs are located, the report said. BP has counted
the pipeline will pass 15 km from the actual springs
and will be under constant surveillance.
13. ATLANTA - Since Aug. 10, 2006 with a ban on most
 carry-on liquids, airlines have been misplacing many
more bags. Globally, about 30 million bags are mis
handled each year. Airlines spend about $2.5 billion
to find those bags and deliver them to waiting, often
angry, passengers.
4. in any way possible," a Cabinet statement said Sunday
, after a Hamas suicide bomber killed seven Israelis on
a Jerusalem bus earlier in the day.
. 5. Israeli put a tight closure on the West Bank, banning
NBI ,
!
50 -
70 .
1. In July the government of Morocco sent twelve sol
diers to the tiny island called Leila, a few hundred
feet off its coast, in the Strait of Gibraltar, and plant
ed its flag there. The island is uninhabited except for
some goats, and all that thrives on it is wild parsley,
hence its Spanish name, Perejil. Spanish government
has reacted forcefully to the Moroccan "aggression".
2. Physicians now understand life expectancy after
H.I.V. diagnosis to be two decades or more, the
researchers drew most of their data from 18 medical
practices across the United States that provide care
for 14,000 patients. The researchers looked at the
records of about 7,000 of those patients.They used a
computer simulation model to project H.I.V. medical
care costs and concluded that the average lifetime
cost of care was $618,000 per person.
3. On Monday, a body with gunshot wounds was found
near Banda Aceh, Indonesia, while in northern Aceh
unidentified gunmen shot dead a man riding a motor
bike with his wife. The circumstances surrounding
both deaths were unclear. Earlier Monday, hundreds
of troops parachuted into the province in a show of
force. Six C-130 Hercules aircraft released 458 sol
diers over an airstrip close to Banda Aceh.
4. Israel reaffirmed there will be no letup in its cam
paign against those involved in violence. Israel "will
continue to fight terror everywhere, at any time and
Palestinians from entering Israel. However, the mea
sure made little practical difference, since Israel has
been enforcing stringent travel bans since the out
break of fighting. In Washington, Secretary of State
Colin Powell urged Palestinians "to begin to take
immediate and decisive action to eradicate the infras
tructure of terrorism and violence."
6. SAO PAULO, Brazil (AP) - A woman was released
from the hospital a day after she was shot in the head
six times in an attack police blamed on her ex-husband,
Brazilian media reported Saturday. A 21-year-old
housewife was shot Friday after an altercation with her
ex-husband, who was upset because she refused to get
back together with him. "I know this was a miracle,"
Patricia Pereira told the TV network. "Now I just want
to extract the bullets and live my life." Doctors could
not explain how Pereira survived the attack. The bul
lets didn't break through her skull and didn't even
need to be immediately extracted, doctors said.
7. Atlanta - The mysterious and deadly flu-like illness
from Asia that has stymied health officials around
the world appears to be caused by a new variety of a
common cold virus, US health officials said. The head
of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
said Monday a number of tests had revealed traces of
cold virus microbe in the tissue of people infected
with unidentified disease.
 8. Dutch dairy company Campina plans to invest 23 mil
lion euros to double its yogurt production capacity by
year's end, Vedomosti reported Tuesday. Campina
produces 56 000 tons of yogurt per year in Russia and
controls 12 percent of the market. The Daily also
reported that Germany's Ehrmann, which controls 21
percent of the market, will invest 15 million euros in
Russia this year to boost yogurt production.
9. BEIJING - The authorities announced Wednesday a
"one dog" policy for many Beijing households as part
of an effort to eradicate rabies.The official New
China News Agency said the limit would apply to nine
zones in Beijing. "Only one pet dog is allowed per
household in the zones, and dangerous and large dogs
will be banned," the news agency said. "Anyone keep
ing an unlicensed dog will face prosecution." Rabies
is on the rise in China, where only 3 percent of dogs
are vaccinated against the disease.
10. Unlike in the West, where dogs have long been cher
ished as companions or helpmates, dogs have rarely
had an easy time in China. Dog meat is eaten through
out the country, revered as a tonic in winter and a
restorer of virility in men. After the Communist
seizure of power in 1949, dog ownership was con
demned as a bourgeois affectation and dogs were
hunted as pests. Attitudes have softened in recent
years, although urban Chinese are still subject to
strict rules on the size of their pets and must pay
steep registration fees.
11. Rome - An Italian policeman rushed to the virtual
rescue of a woman committing suicide online, glean
ing enough personal details to alert emergency ser
vices and save her life, news agency Ansa reported on
Saturday. The 41-year-old woman announced in an
Internet chat-room that she was going to kill herself
and then began swallowing tablets to the horror of
fellow chatters, who could see the suicide attempt
unfolding via Web cam. The policeman, Massimo
Turbacci, kept talking to her, coaxing out her mobile
telephone number, which allowed authorities to track
down her home address - in the town of Aversa, just
outside Naples.
12. More than a thousand unsuspecting Internet users
around the world have recently had their computers
hijacked by hackers, who computer security experts say
are using them for pornographic Web sites. The
hijacked computers, which are chosen by the hackers
apparently because they have high-speed connections to
the Internet, are secretly loaded with software that
makes them send explicit Web pages advertising porno
graphic sites and offer to sign visitors up as customers.
13. William Sheehan does not like the police. He express
es his views about what he calls police corruption in
Washington State on his Web site, where he also
posts lists of police officers' addresses, home phone
numbers and Social Security numbers. State officials
say those postings expose officers and their families
to danger. But neither litigation nor legislation has
stopped Mr Sheehan, who promises to expand his site
to include every police and corrections officer in the
state by the end of the year.
5.
,
.
NBI ,
!
70 - 140 .
1. Molecules found in red wine, peanuts and other prod
ucts of the plant world have for the first time been
 shown to mimic the life-extending effects of calorie
restriction, a finding that could help researchers
develop drugs that lengthen life and prevent or treat
aging-related diseases. Researchers said on Sunday
that one of the molecules, a compound known as
resveratrol, was shown in a study to extend the life
span of yeast cells by up to 80 percent. Resveratrol
exists naturally in grapes and red wine.
2. The State Duma is set to consider new regulations on
gambling. Deputies from the pro-Kremlin United
Russia party, which holds a majority in the lower
house will take up a bill submitted in October by
President Vladimir Putin that would reduce the num-
ber of casinos and allow the state to pick the compa-
nies that would operate in the four proposed areas to
which gambling would be restricted starting in 2009.
The bill would give the government near-total control
of the gambling industry, with estimated yearly rev-
enues of $5.5 billion.
3. Earth and Mars came close on Wednesday during an
historical event that has captivated the attention of
sky watchers around the globe. The two planets were
separated by approximately 56,000,000 million kilo-
meters at 5:51 a.m. on Aug. 27. Not since the
Neanderthals shared this planet with early humans
have the two worlds been so close. The span of space is
small only in the cosmic sense, however. Despite
rumors, there was no chance of collision and no
unusual or dangerous gravitational effects.
4. As Russian companies seek to invest abroad, they are
increasingly finding that the cold cash they have accu-
mulated from commodity sales and other businesses is
not always enough to unlock the doors of Western
markets.Frustrated by that idea, several top business
leaders and government officials argued at a round
table Tuesday about how to streamline the country's
foreign investment and who was to blame for the small
international footprint of Russian business. "Many
Russian companies are not working in a professional
way in international markets," said Boris Jordan, the
CEO of an investment and advisory company.
5. St. Petersburg - St. Petersburg has opened an "ice
house", complete with ice sculptures and an ice bar.
The house, an inflatable white tent, was opened to the
public Saturday. It is filled with ice sculpture of
everything from ballerinas to sea gulls and contains
an ice bar serving vodka and whiskey in ice glasses.
The house was a gift from Sweden and stands in the
city's Peter and Paul Portress, built by Peter the
Great to protect the city from Swedish invaders.
6. It's true that Russia has one of highest suicide rates in
the world, with 65.5 cases per 100 thousand of popula-
tion for men and 11.6 cases for women. However, WHO
has summarized the statistics gathered from national
health services over a broad period of time, from 1972
to 2000. The figures on Russia date back to 1998. It was
the year of the financial turmoil that wreaked havoc on
personal plans of many people in this country.
7. Moscow's mounting traffic problem took center stage
at Tuesday's City Hall meeting, with Mayor Yury
Luzhkov calling for widening roads leading out of the
city. The mayor's proposals are to be included in an
updated plan for city development through 2025.One
way to reduce traffic, Luzhkov suggested, would be
to deter people from outside the city from traveling
into it. The mayor noted that many people travel to
Moscow for shopping and entertainment they can't
get in surrounding towns. Developing these areas
would mitigate pressure on city roads. The mayor
called for an end to new office towers in the center of
the city. And he said highways should be built above
railway tracks.
8. President Vladimir Putin accused trade unions of
ignoring workers' grievances and warned them to
 stay out of politics during national elections. "Trade
unions sometimes fail to take responsibility for
resolving specific work problems and disputes,
remain passive and play a purely perfunctory role in
protecting the interests of employees and worker col-
lectives," Putin said at the opening of a three-day
convention of the Confederation of Independent
Unions. The confederation's membership has dropped
by 10 million over the past five years, it now has 29
million members. "This is a serious signal for the
trade unions," Putin said.
9. Beijing - China has fined or banned 34 athletes who
tested positive for drugs, the official Xinhua news
agency said Tuesday. Fourteen of the offenders were
weightlifters and 10 were from track and field events.
China, host of the 2008 Olympics, was widely accused
of systematic doping after seven of its swimmers test-
ed positive for steroids at the 1994 Asian Games in
Hiroshima. But it announced a clean-up campaign and
dropped 27 athletes from its Olympic team before the
2000 Sydney Games due to suspicious blood tests.
10. Taipei, Taiwan - Taiwan recorded its largest single
day rise in SARS deaths and new cases, while China
said most of the country was close to controlling the
epidemic. Most of the major outbreaks of the disease
appear to be easing except in Taiwan, where 39 new
cases and another 12 deaths were recorded, bringing
the death toll on the island to 52. Chinese officials
said the epidemic had been brought under control in
most affected areas.
11. St. Petersburg - Russian police have arrested a
woman after she donated blood with the knowledge
that she was HIV-positive, sources at the local prose-
cutor's office said Tuesday. The woman was arrested
after she donated blood in Borovichi, a town in north-
western Novgorod region, and her name was found to
be on an official HIV-positive list, sources said. The
woman acknowledged knowing donating HIV-posi-
tive blood because she needed money, prosecutors
said. She was released, and prosecutors expect to
begin a case against her soon.
12. One of the particularly troubling aspects of Russia's
HIV population is its relative youth: Eighty people
under the age of 28 get infected with HIV every day in
Russia, with 80 percent of all cases in the country
involving people under 30. That is believed to be due,
in large part, to the high numbers of young Russians
who inject drugs with infected needles. Reversing
these trends will require education, said Alexander
Mikhailov, the Federal Drug Control Service commu-
nications director. Mikhailov added that young people
who are respected by their peers must be identified
and encouraged to help foster a drug-free culture.
13. Fearing he would miss an action thriller on television,
a former bus driver stole a city bus earlier this month
to make it home in time to catch the show. It was the
second time in one week that Roman Koshelev had
stolen a city bus, police said.The incident took place
after a bus driver left his bus - with the engine run-
ning - to fill out a daily report at Bus Depot No.
16.While the driver was busy with the paperwork, a
man whom depot staffers identified as Koshelev
jumped in the bus and drove off. It didn't take long to
track Koshelev down. He was arrested three hours
later at his apartment on Yeletskaya Ulitsa, where
police found the stolen bus. "It wasn't too hard to find
him," the police spokesman said. "Regular citizens
don't go out and buy buses for personal use."
 9
. -,


:

-

,
.
- ;

-

, ;
.
- ;

-

;
. ,
-

;

-
!
.

-
,
,
!

.
1.
.
, / .
Jennifer Lopez

.
. ,
Corr.: You're so much like Ben. You two must be really

compatible. J u s t like you, Ben comes in for an inter
.
view, and he's sweet, smart and funny.
NBI J. LO.: That's how he really is!
, Corr.: But if somebody said last year, Jennifer and Ben,
. I would have said, t h a t ' s weird. And yet the two of
. - you seem to be instant mates.
, , J. LO.: You know, we just have a lot in common. We
, understand each other, and I think we want similar
things. And he's just a wonderful person.
Corr.: And when you heard that Ben was voted the
Sexiest Man Alive?
J. LO.: When I heard? I didn't have to hear. I think that
was quite evident!
Corr.: Have you been teasing Ben about being voted the
Sexiest Man Alive?
J. LO.: Teasing him? No, no. I was the Sexiest Woman
two years in a row, so if I tease him, he'll probably
tease me right back.
Corr.: Does it mean anything to you that you and Ben are
under the same star sign?
J. LO.: That we're both Leos? I think that's a good thing.
Yeah, I read my horoscope and all that stuff. It's fun.
But it's, you know, just entertainment.
Corr.: How identified were you with your character
Marissa in Maid in Manhattan?
J. LO.: It really did bring back a lot of memories. It just
made me realize how far away from that character I'm
not. It felt like the same exact thing, like I had never
left the Bronx.
Corr.: Now that you're on the rich-and-famous side of
life, do you ever take special notice of maids who
serve you?
J. LO.: I'll tell you, you go about your day, and you're
always so busy. And I'm the type... And so for me,
like going in and out of a hotel, I barely notice any-
thing. If my best friend were standing in front of me,
I'd walk right by her...
Corr.: Is it true that your first boyfriend worked in a
hotel?
J. LO.: He did! Yes, it's true. Hey, I'm not in the habit of
lying to you all the time...
Corr.: Okay... You play a mom in Maid in Manhattan. Do
you think you'd like to be a real-life mom anytime soon?
J. LO.: Yeah, absolutely. I mean, I've always wanted to
have a family. And I feel like it'll happen in its natu-
ral time. When it's supposed to.
Corr.: Maid in Manhattan is also about falling in love
with someone above you in life. Have you ever had an
experience like that?
J. LO.: You know, being from the Bronx and being Puerto
Rican... I even told them on the set exactly how that
man would look at her. It's a social thing. It exists...
Corr.: You have this amazing fairytale life yourself, just
like your character in the movie. Do you ever take a
step outside of your life and think, this is all happen-
ing to some other person?
J. LO.: No, no, no!
Corr.: How has the Bronx shaped you as a person?
J. LO.: For me, the Bronx is everything that I am. It man-
ifests itself in everything that I do. Like it comes out
in my songs and the different interviews that I do.
And I'm sorry if everybody doesn't wanna hear about
it, but that's just the God's honest truth. And it's
gonna come out constantly, because that's who I am.
I'm a Puerto Rican girl from the Bronx!
Corr.: Do you think you've grown with your latest
album?
J. LO.: I feel like I have. I would have been selling myself
short if I didn't push myself to do what I was feeling
inside.
Corr.: What about the jokes in the movie about your,
well, physical assets. Was that your idea?
J. LO.: No, it wasn't my idea. And I think they maybe
had added that later - when I wasn't around!
Corr.: Do you think we live in a time that's too cynical for
a romantic fairy tale like Maid in Manhattan?
J. LO.: No way. Oh, God, it would be a sad day if that
were true. Fairy tales are forever, aren't they? I hope
so. I'd be very sad if they weren't.
Corr.: Your character Marissa runs off into her own fairy
tale when she puts on some fabulous clothes. When
 was it that some clothes you put on first put magic
into your life?
J. LO.: I think it was probably going to the Oscars. One
year, I wore like this black ball gown to the Oscars,
and felt like a princess. It was a great time.
Corr.: Who was the first big musical influence on you?
J. LO.: I think, Madonna. For my era growing up, she
was the quintessential performer, and a push-the-
envelope type of person.
Corr.: Are you?
J. LO.: No, I don't think that I'm a push-the-envelope
type of person. But I think Madonna was so visionary.
And in her shows, she was so expressive. So that was
very inspiring for me as a young girl. I remember see-
ing a lot of her shows.
Corr.: Talk a little about the social-class hostilities in
Maid in Manhattan, and how you felt about that, com-
ing from the Bronx.
J. LO.: We thought that was really important in the
movie. You know, it's funny how people can be like
snobs. And they're just people like you are. But they
have like this superior attitude. This movie deals with
that in a lot of ways. And for that reason, I loved
doing this movie.
Corr.: What were some of the things that made 2002 a
special year for Jennifer Lopez?
J. LO.: Let's see.... This was kind of a rough year for me.
I think it was a year where there was a lot of growth
for me - kind of figuring things out. And kind of feel-
ing like much more comfortable with who I was.
Corr.: What will be the next single from the album?
J. LO.: The next single is a duet with Cool J, called "All I
Have."
Corr.: Are you going to tour?
J. LO.: I'm definitely going to do a show next year.
Corr.: How are you going to fit Ben and a little loving
into your super busy schedule?
J. LO.: I think when you're in a relationship in this busi-
ness and you're as busy as I am right now, you have to
really schedule time. I think for those things to have
a good balance, there has to be a lot of compromise,
you know.
Corr.: Does working together help that balance?
J. LO.: Yeah, we worked together a lot this year. So that
actually did help a lot.
Corr.: Is it a problem with the two of you taking your
work into your private lives?
J. LO.: No, it's not really a problem, because we met
working. And it's not all we have to talk about!
Corr.: What is your idea of romance?
J. LO.: My idea of romance? Oh, God. Commitment, you
know? Really being committed to something, which is
tough in this day and age.
Corr.: "Maid in Manhattan" is about romance in the pub-
lic eye. How close to home did that hit for you?
J. LO.: I have had romances in the public eye before, but
never, I don't think, to this degree.
Corr.: How do you deal with that dilemma in your own
life?
J. LO.: You just get used to it. I think I went through my
time where it was just really strange, and kind of sur-
real to me. And now it's just part for the course, it's
just part of my life now.
Corr.: Why is commitment so hard to find in this indus-
try?
J. LO.: Because it's kind of a gypsy life. Just like the
travelling salesman, in a way, you're the travelling
entertainer. It's a tough business.
Corr.: What does Christmas mean to you?
J. LO.: As a child, my Christmases were always exactly
the same. Like any families, you have traditions. Like
you go to Grandma's house. You go to church in the
 morning. You come back, and Grandma has cooked all
the same foods that she's cooked for the last ten
years. And then they play the same music. And that's
kind of how it is.
Corr.: Do you have more of a Puerto Rican or American-
style Christmas?
J. LO.: My mom and dad came here when they were
babies. My mom was like two and my dad was six. So
it's always been a more American-style Christmas.
Corr.: What is one thing you and Ben like to do to get
away from the cameras and craziness of publicity?
J. LO.: Next!
Corr.: "I'm Coming Out" is your character's theme song
in this movie. Do you have a theme song?
J. LO.: I don't know. I guess the soundtrack to my life is
different at different times.
Corr.: Do you ever want to just have a normal life again
and, for instance, get back on the subway?
J. LO.: No, I don't miss the subway!
2. honey and salt from France.
. Question: Are American restaurants on par now with the
America's Pasta Pusher
Mario Batali is the latest celebrity chef to capture
Americans' hearts and stomachs. The Seattle native owns and
operates three successful Italian restaurants in New York,
hosts two television cooking shows and is the author of three
cookbooks about Italian culture and cuisine. Recently, he
graced the cover of Gourmet magazine-having launched a new
line of pasta sauces-and is planning a new Manhattan pizzeria
that is scheduled to open in December. In his interview Batali
explains why Americans have become so infatuated with
Italian culture and cuisine.
Question: Why are Americans so interested in Italian
culture? Why not Belgian or Czech?
Answer: Not to insult those countries, but aside from a
couple of things from Belgium or Czechoslovakia,
their culture is not exported here. We don't even
know what they do. Italians have made it their busi
ness to export Italian culture, from spaghetti, to
design, to poster art, to wine and soft drinks. If you
open a bar in the U.S., an Italian coffee company will
give you the coffee machine. They'll give you the cof
fee cups with the logo, they'll give you the tray to
carry the coffee on. They're just really good at mar
keting themselves and creating brand recognition.
Question: Do you think Americans' eating habits are
changing?
Answer: Absolutely, Americans have become the most
sophisticated eating crowd intheworld. We know
about cooking, we know about ingredients and we
have more access to ingredients than anybody else,
from all over the world. How many French dot-coms
do you know of that want to import 10 different kinds
of honey from America? I know a hundred American
dot-coms that want to import 10 different kinds of
best restaurants of Europe?
Answer: Oh, absolutely. American cooking has discov
ered that it doesn't have to apologize for being
American. And as opposed to trying to import ingre
dients to make a dish like the one you had in the south
of France or in western Italy, people are realizing
they can use ingredients that we have locally. So
we're not buying Dover sole anymore, we're using
fluke from New York's Long Island Sound, which is
fresher and cheaper. Then when you treat it in the
Italian style, you get things which actually feel and
taste more Italian, even though you're not using any
ingredients from Italy. Because the reason it tastes so
good in Italy is because it was picked out of the
ground locally and put on a plate.
Question: What do you think is happening in the
European-restaurant food scene right now? Is it liv
ing up to what it's supposed to be?
Answer: I think the super, super high-end fancy joints
aren't seeing the kind of success that they were used
to. Because people are not that interested in having
such a huge thing made about dinner. We want to go
out, we want to eat, we want to have a really good
time, but do you really want to sit down for five hours
at some temple of gastronomy and submit? People are
more interested in the conviviality, the sharing of the
experience and [they want something] maybe a little
less formal, maybe a little less expensive, maybe a lit
tle less stiff.
Question: But do you think the Jose Boves of the world
are justified in being upset that American food cul
ture is being exported around the world?
Answer: To a certain extent, yeah, they are justified. It's
a little sad to see a McDonald's at the base of the
Spanish Steps in Rome. But it was an Italian busi
nessman [who opened it]. Still, I'm not a real big fan
of the internationalization of cuisine by any means. I
hope they don't start using lemongrass and ginger in
my favorite recipes in Italy.
Question: You don't think it threatens the culture?
Answer: I don't think a strong culture is threatened by
the invasion of anybody, and certainly notfast-food
restaurants. It would change the beautiful hillside in
Umbria to have the golden arches over it, that's for
sure. [But] most of the McDonald's and the Burger
Kings are in the cities. And I certainly don't apolo
gize for it. It's what they want. It's obviously a valid
business for those people there. I don't think
Americans feel invaded by Italian restaurants.
Question: Another study came out this week about
Americans' being overweight. Do you feel responsible
as a pasta pusher?
Answer: No, I don't think that carbohydrates is the rea
son people get fat. I think it's because they eat more
than they exercise. And whether they were eating
carbs or protein or Chinese food or Italian food or
Burger King it would all be the same. That's America.
Americans are comfortable. We're the richest coun
try in the world. That's why we're fat. If we had to
run to get a rabbit, we'd be thinner.
Question: Is there anything you won't eat?
Answer: Durian - it's like the limburger cheese of fruit.
It's nasty. It's like eating a diaper. I had one once and
I probably won't again.
3.
Pierce Brosnan
Show up at Pierce Brosnan's house expecting nonstop mar
tinis and bikinis, and you'll be disappointed. True, the man who
has played James Bond for seven years does live on an exclusive
Malibu beach. And yes, there's a sports car in the drive. But
instead of bad guys and curvaceous spies, at the Brosnan house
hold you're likely to find ... a stack of diapers. Because while
Brosnan relishes the role of Bond - his fourth outing, in Die
Another Day, opens this month - that's not who he is. Given the
choice of fighting evil or staying home, he'll take the domestic
option. Like painting, or fussing over his son, Paris, 20 months.
According to Brosnan, those are the things that make him
a superstar in his role as family man. Now 49, the actor says he
feels compelled to provide for his children the childhood he
never had. Brosnan was born in Navan, County Meath,
Ireland. When he was just a baby, his parents split and his
father, a carpenter, disappeared, not to be heard from for near
ly 30 years. Soon after, Pierce's mother left him in the care of
relatives while she trained as a nurse in London. She sent for
him when he was 11.
After arriving in London, Pierce saw his first Technicolor
film, Goldfinser. and felt the yearning to be an actor. He
dropped out of high school, ran away with the circus - he
became a fire-eater-and worked various backstage jobs before
making his London acting debut in 1976. His first wife,
Cassandra Harris, an Australian - born actress who appeared
in For Your Eues Only, introduced him to the producers of the
Bond films, though she didn't live to see him land the title role.
After a four - year battle with ovarian cancer, she died in
Brosnan's arms in 1991.
Suddenly he was a single parent to Charlotte, now 28, and
Christopher, 27 (from Harris's first marriage), and to his son
with Harris, Sean, 19. Contractual obligations to his NBC
series, "Remington Steele," prevented him from taking the 007
role when it was first offered, but, in 1994 when he got the call
again, Brosnan leapt.
That same year, he met television journalist Keely Shaye
Smith. The two wed last year in a lavish ceremony in an Irish
castle. They share a passion for environmental causes and take
huge joy in their two newest additions to the Brosnan family:
Dylan, 5, and baby Paris.
Corr.: You've said the past year was one of the most
exciting of your life. Why?
Brosnan: It's certainly been one of the most memorable
years. There've been many productions. Production
of child, baby Paris. Production of marriage.
Production of film. It's been a celebration of life in
every sense of the word. One of my old teachers used
to say, "Nothing comes from nothing." After a lot of
hard work, great happiness.
Corr.: Die Another Day is your fourth Bond movie. How
do you keep your enthusiasm for the role?
Brosnan: I grew up on James Bond movies. And I have
had the time of my life playing this role. It brings
great pleasure to people around the world. You show
up because you want it to be the best, because you
want to kick ass at the end of the day, because Die
Another Day is the 20th Bond film, and -1 don't know -
just because I love it.
Corr.: How much are you like James Bond in real life?
Brosnan: I'm, perceived as this sophisticated, distant
person. This macho guy. And I'm not like that.
Following me around a day in my life would be quite
comedic. I'm anything but Bond.
Corr.: Tell me a story that would illustrate who the real
Pierce Brosnan is.
Brosnan: I got a leaner Porsche recently from the dealer,
a convertible, stick shift. And I stopped to buy some
chewing gum and a paper at the newsstand. I had just
said hello to some out-of-towners who think I'm
James Bond, and I'm trying to be cool and start the
bloody car, and I stall it.
Corr.: You're not used to driving a stick?
Brosnan: I'm not. Or the time when Keely and I went to
Ron Meyer's house with this fantastic gate. I'm driv-
ing the Mercedes, and we're talking away as we
approach the gate. I take my foot off the brake. And
Keely goes, "Brake, brake!" She just yanked the
emergency brake. We stopped an inch from the gate.
Corr.: You had the leaner Porsche because you're waiting
for an Aston Martin. So you're not entirely unlike
Bond.
Brosnan: There's a part of me that is like him and a part
that's completely unlike him. I don't have a license to
kill, but I love vodka martinis, which are rather deli-
cious after a long day. I drank them before Bond, and
I'll carry on drinking them after Bond - in moderation.
Corr.: Keely, what's it like being married to the man who
plays James Bond?
Smith: It would be confusing if he came home and
thought he was Bond, but thankfully, he doesn't. And
we met before the great mythology began. But Dylan
has finally clicked in to what his dad does and his
 character. This whole other persona has been intro
duced to him, and he's spellbound. He's now his dad
and his superhero.
Brosnan: What Dylan really loves are motorcars. He
came to the Bond set one day. The setting was the bad
guy's hideout, and the bad guy has all these Ferraris
and Lamborghinis. Dylan sees Dad run through 500
Koreans and bullets and bombs with six cameras
rolling and helicopters exploding, Dad jumping onto
a hovercraft and punching the bad guy out. I look
across the set, see my son and think, "This is fantas
tic, my boy is here". I do my best James Bond imper
sonation, run across the set, don't trip, don't get
blown up. I say, "What did you think of that, Dylan?
Did you like that?" He looks at me and says, "Dad, are
the cars all right? Can we go see the cars?"
Corr.: A lot of Pierce's films are full of actresses running
around in bikinis, Keely. Is that difficult for you?
Smith: Dylan wants to know about that. "Why are the
bad girls chasing my dad? Why does Dad kiss those
girls?" All I can say is, "He comes home to me."
Corr.: And that's enough for you?
Smith: It's what he does for a living.
Brosnan: And it's just acting. Great acting!
Corr.: Do you plan to do another Bond movie?
Brosnan: They have said the role is mine as long as I want it.
I'd love to do another. It's a wonderful security in life.
Corr.: So you still long for security? Most people would
think a star like you wouldn't have to worry about that.
Brosnan: I make very good money and enjoy it, but I've
been out-of-pocket many times and ready to put up
the For Sale sign. And it doesn't seem that long ago
that I was struggling. And I have a family, a young
family, an all-size-and-shape family. I'm 49 and 50 is
around the corner.
Corr.: What about your latest project, Evelyn?
Brosnan: Evelyn is a true story about a man named
Desmond Doyle, set in Dublin in 1953, the year I was
born. Evelyn's dad, Doyle, was left with the kids; the
mother left. And, as did happen in those dark days of
the '50s in Ireland, the church and state came in and
took Evelyn and the two boys away. Evelyn went into
a convent, and the boys went into an industrial
school. Desmond fought tooth and nail to get them
back, took his case to the Supreme Court and won. It's
a kind of David and Goliath story.
Corr.: Were you drawn to the project because of parallels
to your own story?
Brosnan: I was drawn to it because I'm a father, not
because of what my childhood was about. Having grown
up in Ireland, I have had firsthand experience dealing
with the Christian Brothers, the nuns at the convent,
that whole Irishness. But for me, it was a story of a sin
gle father fighting a good fight for his kids.
Corr.: What are your own personal goals as a father?
Brosnan: I just want to be there for my children, because
my dad wasn't there for me. And if I'm not there in
body, then in phone messages or in letters. I want my
children to have love in their life when they're young,
to know the true meaning of love.
Corr.: We all strive to be the parent that we didn't have,
don't we? Not to discard what our parents did...
Brosnan: Well, I can discard what my father did, because
he did nothing. Let's not even go back to what he did
or didn't do. I have a great father-stepfather - in
William Carmichael. When I was becoming an actor,
I thought of taking the name Carmichael but some
how hung with Brosnan. Bill Carmichael is my dad.
Corr.: After Cassie died, did you expect to marry again
and have a new family?
Brosnan: I was certainly not seeking anyone at that
time...
Corr.: Keely, do you now go by Brosnan, or Shaye Smith?
Smith: I'm writing a book about gardening and trying to
decide which to use. A friend of mine said, "When
you're earning money you should be Keely Shaye
Smith, but when you're spending it you should be Mrs
Brosnan!"
Corr.: One of the things that brought you together was
your mutual interest in various charities and causes.
Why is that important for both of you?
Brosnan: Keely was an environmentalist way before she
met me. Because of my past life, I had done a lot of
work for women's health care. It's merged into an
interest in the environment, health care, health
issues of children.
Smith: Our environmental activism stems from a passion
in two people who really care about our children.
Protecting the environment is really about protecting
their future. I'd like my children to be able to drink clean
water and breathe clean air and live somewhere safe.
Corr.: Pierce, will you ever try fire-eating again? How do
you do that?
Brosnan: The last time I did it was on "The Muppets" in
1996. Blowing it is taking a mouthful of kerosene and
blowing it over a flame. I actually burnt my mouth on
"The Muppets." I brought my own kerosene, but the
prop guy said, "I've got this other stuff which is like
water - no smell, no taste." I said, "Brilliant." So we
go to shoot the real thing, I use his stuff, drink it,
blow, and it's like rocket fuel. I blow this 12-foot
flame and am so shocked that I keep it there, and it
traces back into my mouth. Whew! Hot, hot, hot. 1
grab a handkerchief and we go quickly to a break, at
which time I say, "Give me ice cubes!"
Corr.: Pierce, you've had a hard life in some ways - your
childhood, losing Cassie. Have the blows made you
appreciate life more?
Brosnan: I don't think I've had that hard of a life. I think
I've just had a life, which has had a few rocky points
to it, and I've managed to weather through when it
has been rough, knowing t h a t it would get better and
having faith in myself that it would get better.
Smith: You did always have faith in yourself. I don't
think it occurred to you that you couldn't do the
things you wanted to do.
Brosnan: It's a healthy sense of dreaming.
4. .
Richard Gere
Nobody is more surprised at how Richard Gere's life has
turned out than the man himself. "My basic instinct is to go
into my room, shut the door and have privacy," says the actor.
"That my life has gone in the direction it has, well, I can't even
believe it!"
For a boy who grew up one of five kids on a farm in upstate
New York, Gere's life has indeed been unbelievable.
Hollywood's smoothest leading man credits his parents,
Homer, 80, a retired insurance salesman, and Doris, 78, for
giving him the confidence that's taken him so far. Right out of
college, he started acting on stage, and then got swept to
Hollywood. It wasn't long before he ended up in provocative,
groundbreaking films like Looking for Mr Goodbar and
American Gigolo, putting him squarely in the public eye.
At that point he was no longer exactly a New York farm
boy, but fame still left him bewildered. Looking for an antidote
and personal peace, Gere immersed himself in Buddhism after
a 1978 trip to Nepal. He continued acting, steadily and suc
cessfully, and with his 1991 marriage to model Cindy
Crawford he looked like the man who had it all. The marriage
lasted just three years.
Yes, he says, the breakup hurt. But all along Gere had been
tending to the spiritual side of his life, so he had something to fall
back on. And no, he wasn't single, for long. He met, fell in love
with and married Carey Lowell, once a "Law & Order" regular,
and they have a son, Homer, now three. Gere says the timing was
finally right for him to have the family he's always wanted.
As for acting, he's getting first-rate reviews in great parts,
like last year's Unfaithful, in which he played a cuckolded hus-
band. And now he's back, singing and dancing his way through
the superb movie version of Chicago. Playing the suave lawyer
Billy Flynn, he more than holds his own with his dazzling co-
stars, Catherine Zeta-Jones and Renee Zellweger.
Corr.: Now that you've had Homer, do you wish you had
started earlier?
Gere: No, no, no. Perfect timing. I was 50 when he was
born. I've done me. Me's kind of boring now. It's more
fun doing him.
Corr.: How has he changed your life?
Gere: How hasn't he? There's nothing I do, no choice I
make, without thinking how it affects him. The
biggest change is you don't have time to worry about
99 percent of what you were before. It just goes away
and you discover you didn't need it anyway.
Corr.: Is this your first experience with unconditional
love?
Gere: Sure.
Corr.: So how does it feel?
Gere: Incredibly vulnerable. The first time he said to me,
"Not Daddy, I want Mommy!" it cuts you to the quick.
Corr.: Your father must have been flattered that you
named Homer after him.
Gere: Carey was more adamant than I. She said, "I like
the name, that it's connected to your father." I said,
"I didn't want to impose it on you." But she said, "No,
that's who he is." He's a Homey, like my dad, a very
cuddly guy.
Corr.: How is your son like you?
Gere: He's highly manipulative, which is probably in me
too. And when he's irascible, his chin sticks out and
he gets this smirky thing like my father and me. He
loves music; it's one of his happiest things. He's got
his own little piano, and when I play, he'll play.
Corr.: That's clearly a genetic predisposition, because
you were raised in an unusually musical family.
Gere: My parents loved music. My mother played the
piano and clarinet, and my father played the trumpet.
So of course, that became my first instrument.
Corr.: Was he good?
Gere: My dad was never a skillful player, but he was
incredibly soulful, willing to give himself to it. His
playing is so connected to his heart, which is the kind
of guy he is. I can tear up just thinking about it. My
mother is more emotionally complex.
Corr.: Women tend to be.
Gere: So I've discovered. My mom, though very bright
and sensitive, was always overwhelmed raising five
kids with no help. My dad worked two jobs so he was
gone all the time. Our life was typically middle class
except there was always music-lots of records-
around. My parents' tastes weren't wide, but they
exposed us to African music and jazz.
Corr.: Your life must stun them.
Gere: They're very cool. Even today, if someone says to
my father, "Boy, you must be proud of your son," he
says, "Which one? I've got five great kids." And he
means it. My parents were never swamped by this life
I'm in. When I started, they were apprehensive I'd
suffer a lot, and now they're happy it didn't turn out
that way.
Corr.: Do they still get along?
Gere: Yeah, the way old married people do: Sometimes
they're at each other's throats, but they couldn't live
without each other.

.: What did your parents give you? Corr.: Do you recall the moment you knew you would be
Gere: Confidence. Directors often ask me, "How do you
like to be dealt with?" And I say, "At this point, it's
unlikely you're going to teach me anything, so make
me feel confident." A director friend once said,
"Richard, you've got this strange quality of being at
once totally secure and insecure."
Corr.: Speaking of confidence, movie audiences will be
shocked to see Richard Gere sing and boy do you!
Gere: I'm profiting by diminished expectations.
Actually, I spend hours a day on music since I have a
recording studio in my house. But I'm more of a rock
'n' roll or blues singer.
Corr.: Singing and dancing came naturally to Catherine
Zeta-Jones, who began her career onstage in London.
Gere: Catherine's a real show girl. She comes in, ready to
go, and says, "Let's do it." Her voice has this quality,
sexy but with a high wail. Renee Zellweger is quirky,
but people are going to be blown away by her she sings
and dances beautifully.
Corr.: You started your career in musical theater. Did
the director of Chicago know you could sing and
dance?
Gere: No, he didn't. In our first meeting I said, "I'm not
going to do a singing audition. Believe me, that's not
the problem. It's the tap dancing I'm worried about.
There may not be enough time in the world nor skill in
my feet to pull this off.
Corr.: But you did.
Gere: Thanks to my teacher, who was incredibly patient
with a guy who had no connection whatsoever to his
feet. The first weeks were cruel and painful. Finally,
a month into it, I just started dancing. But 15 min
utes of full-out tapping when you're concentrating
hard because you don't know what you're doing and
man, it's flop sweat. I came out of those sessions
soaked.
an actor?
Gere: I do. As a fluke, when I was in college, I did an audi
tion for the Provincetown Playhouse and got the job. I
remember getting that call in my dorm room. It was a
moment: "Oh, my life the life I choose is starting." It
wasn't a surprise, just the starting gun going off.
Corr.: A few years after dropping out of college, you
were doing Shakespeare in London. For a kid from a
farm in upstate New York, that must have been
intimidating.
Gere: I suppose, but I find myself intimidated by most
things anyhow.
Corr.: That's hard to believe.
Gere: It's true. I'm a beginner no matter what I do. But
I'm happy I've maintained that quality. The moment
you don't, you've stopped.
Corr.: Professionally, in your 20s, you were a successful
working actor. What about your personal life?
Gere: It was a mess, a horrible time as the 20s are for men.
Corr.: Because...
Gere: Young guys arc shoved into a world owned by older
men who neither want to share their power, nor want
them around. And that emotional railroad that
you've got to maneuver to make a life isn't easy.
Corr.: So how did you cope?
Gere: I started working on myself, began meditation,
exploring different teachers. I was always interested in
moral and metaphysical questions: What are the under
pinnings of reality? The mind? Where is the soul?
Corr.: Did you experiment with drugs?
Gere: I was never extreme. I was more typical-long hair,
motorcycle jacket, hunched shoulders, surly. I didn't
 even start smoking until my 20s, and then only
because of a character I played. I was not a boy on the
edge of...
Corr.: The abyss?
Gere: Oh, I was there, but I wasn't a dangerous guy who
was going to be arrested tomorrow.
Corr.: What was it that attracted you to Buddhism?
Gere: The willingness of Buddhism to really attack even
the concept of a self: Is there a self?
Corr.: Carey is also a Buddhist. Was that a result of your
relationship?
Gere: No, she practiced before we met, which was one of
the things that brought us together. I'm sure that not
having that was a problem with my first marriage.
Corr.: Cindy Crawford wasn't a Buddhist. You didn't
marry for the first time until you were 42. Once you
did, did you like being married?
Gere: Yeah. I was very comfortable with the idea of being
married. I liked what it did to me as a man.
Corr.: Which was?
Gere: Being responsible and focused in ways that I had
n't been; admitting that I really cared. I've made a
commitment, and this ain't going away.
Corr.: So your divorce was painful.
Gere: Of course. It's a death of a marriage, what you
planned, of the self you offered in the relationship. It
took me a couple of years to get over it. I had to work
at it, have counseling.
Corr.: What attracted you to Carey?
Gere: Well, she's incredibly beautiful just to look at the
girl, you die. And she's smart, funny and really
quirky. She's a goofball who likes goofballs which is
great because I'm a goofball. She's also a private per
son who likes her private time as do I. She's a great
mother. She made me feel confident about having a
child once I saw what she had done with her own
daughter, Hannah.
Corr.: If you hadn't been around Hannah, would you
have wanted a child?
Gere: I don't know. Just being around her made me feel,
"I could do this." At one point Carey said, "Take
Hannah to the country; I'll join you tomorrow." And
I said, "What? What am I supposed to do?" But it's
not that big a deal, especially when a kid has been
brought up well.
Corr.: How do you raise a Buddha baby?
Gere: "Teach them to respect insects," is what the Dalai
Lama said. If they can learn to love something that to
them is innately ugly and small, learn that an insect
has the same life force as they, that's the beginning.
And basically, you have to watch yourself. If you
want your child to be special, you have to be special:
generous, kind, loving, forgiving.
Corr.: A lot of people think you proselytize about
Buddhism.
Gere: As a student of the Dalai Lama, it became clear
that I should help the Tibetans with their political
situation and human rights issues in any way I could.
I started talking about Buddhism because people
wanted to know why I was interested in Tibet.
Corr.: What's the most important thing you've learned
from the Dalai Lama?
Gere: That anything I do that's motivated by my person
al enrichment leads to suffering for me, while any
thing that enriches the happiness of someone else
makes me happy. And it's never failed.
5.
.
Fred Schodt
Fred Schodt is a longtime manga enthusiast and expert,
and author of the books "MANGA! MANGA!", "THE WORLD
OF JAPANESE COMICS" and "DREAMLAND JAPAN".
Corr.: What got you interested in manga?
FS: When I was attending a university in Japan, I stud-
ied Japanese and lived in a dorm. The classes were
intense eight hours a day and five days a week. My
Japanese dorm mates were reading these enormous
manga instead of studying, so I picked one up and
started reading. It really helped me learn Japanese
and I loved it! Manga are a written introduction to the
living language, and much closer to what people actu-
ally speak.
Corr.: How is your new book, DREAMLAND JAPAN dif-
ferent from MANGA! MANGA!?
FS: It's a sequel, not a revision, and it's in a very differ-
ent format. It's a collection of short essays.
Corr.: How did you decide what topics to write about?
FS: The topics are derived from my last 14-15, 16, 17
years of work.
Corr.: What do you think is the one fact about manga
t h a t is most unknown by Americans?
F S : I think the main thing is t h a t people here don't real-
ize that manga are a full-fledged medium of expres-
sion in Japan. For example, in Japan almost all the
major publishers now issue manga.
Also, I think that even the fans here in America are
generally unaware of how unrepresentative what they
are reading is. The manga t h a t come to America are
skewed to the American market, which is inevitable.
It does skew people's perceptions of the material.
Corr.: What do you enjoy reading?
FS: My interests are part culture, part language. I'm
interested in learning about thought processes and
new ideas, not just about manga.
Corr.: So do you find that manga reflects mental atti-
tudes?
FS: Yes. The Aum comics are a good example. The now-
infamous Aum Shinrikyo was publishing a line of
comics in Japan. People are doing both good and bad
things in the medium of manga.
Corr.: What role do you see manga playing in American
culture?
F S : Some people think that manga will revitalize the
American comic industry. Maybe this is true... I don't
know. But manga do demonstrate a much greater
potential for comics as a medium of expression.
Corr.: Do you believe that manga and anime will enjoy
continued growth in the US?
F S : Right now they're on the verge of becoming main-
stream. There several companies publishing translat-
ed manga and lots of companies releasing anime
geared for the mainstream market.
W h a t I worry about is a glut of low-quality material
t h a t will prejudice people. For example, if many more
people publish "Lolita complex" manga in America, it
may cause problems for manga in America. "Lolita
complex" manga are those depicting young girls as
objects of sexual desires.
Corr.: Do you think t h a t there is a genre of manga that
hasn't been introduced to America t h a t ought to be?
FS: Women's/girls' comics. They really haven't taken
hold.
Corr.: How can t h a t be changed?
FS: Well, first you would have to change American read-
ing habits, which isn't an easy thing to do. You have
to change perceptions of who comics are for. Right
now the perception in the US is that they are for pri-
marily males, and mostly young males at t h a t .
Corr.: Are there limitations placed on the success of manga
when translating it? What are these limiting factors?
F S : There are lots of them. First is content - the materi-
al you get to translate. This is a limitation of the mar-
ket. People won't want to have something translated
if they don't think it will do we'll. This is the main lim-
itation. Another limitation is the size of the market.
The manga market here is much smaller than the
anime market here. The other limitation is one of Ian-
 guage. Cultural words and puns don't always trans
late easily.
Corr.: Who do you think is buying manga in the US and
how does it compare to the Japanese market?
FS: In America, 90% of the market is male, and I think
most of the readers are in their early 20's. That's a
big difference from Japan right there, since the mar
ket there is much closer to a 50/50 split between
males and females. In addition, the age range of
manga readers is much broader in Japan. Probably
everyone under 55 has read a lot of manga. In the over
60 group, there are those who don't read manga on
principle or simply because they are not part of the
"manga generation," which means that they didn't
grow up with them, and would have a hard time read
ing and understanding manga as a medium.
Corr.: Do you ever see a genre of comics in America
aimed specifically at adults?
FS: We already have erotic comics, which are specifical
ly aimed at adults - we hope. Other than that, right
now prospects are bleak unless reading habits change.
Corr.: What were the challenges you faced to get your
new book published? Do publishers recognize anime
and manga as a theme they want to cover or did you
have to convince them?
FS: Stone Bridge Press, my current publisher, wasn't a
problem. Most publishers, however, are still totally
unaware of the potential of manga and anime because
the book and comic book publishing industries are sep
arated by a "grand canyon" of distribution practices
and policies. They don't know what's going on with
each other or how to deal with each other. So aware
ness on the part of American publishers is very low.
Corr.: Which job do you most enjoy and why?
FS: I make my living interpreting, but what I like the
best is writing. Actually, to tell you the truth, I like
having written the best. I like translating, too, but
that doesn't have the same ownership. Even though
you craft the words, it's still someone else's ideas that
you're trying to express.
Corr.: We've talked a lot about manga, but what about
anime? What anime do you watch?
FS: Generally I don't watch anime because it's sequential
and I'm a random access kind of guy. It's hard for me
to find the time to devote to a long-running series.
Corr.: How do you stay current on both the Japanese and
American manga industry?
FS: For the book, I talked to a lot of individual people. I
don't pretend to know everything - it's just too huge
a scene. I pick areas that interest me and I follow
those. I wouldn't dream of trying to be current on all
manga all the time.
6.
.
Laura Childs
With her first novel, "Death by Darjeeling", author Laura
Childs introduced the world to the beautiful and mystery of tea
and its followers, not to mention a wonderful heroine and sec
ondary characters. Woven magnificently throughout her mys
teries are tidbits of tea lore, proving that you can always learn
something new from reading.
Corr.: I love the use of different teas in your titles. Did
you come up with the titles or were they chosen by the
publisher?
Laura: The titles are all mine, but fairly easy to dream up
with since there are so many marvelous varieties of tea.
Corr.: Where did the you get the idea for the "Tea Shop
Mystery" series?
Laura: My editor at Berkley suggested the "Tea Shop
Mystery" series.
Corr.: You've done a fantastic job bringing the mystery
and charm of Charleston to life. Was there a particu-
 lar reason you choose Charleston as the setting for the
"Tea Shop Mysteries"?
Laura: Charleston is one of those cities that's steeped in
history and mystery - fantastic old homes, treasure
troves of art and antiques, old families with skeletons
in the closets. Also, Charleston is home to the coun-
try's only remaining tea plantation. The tea plants
themselves date back to before the Revolutionary War.
Corr.: The descriptions of Church Street and other places
are superb. Have you spent a lot of time there?
Laura: Quite a bit, actually. And I'll be spending lots
more time there since I've committed to six "Tea Shop
Mysteries".
Corr.: When I first picked up Death by Darjeeling I was-
n ' t a big tea lover. My aunt had given me several tins
but I rarely drank them. After reading it, I was in
love. You've made tea and tea lore so fascinating and
easy to understand. Now, I have to ask, are you a tea
lover? If so, when did your fascination begin and
what fuelled it?
Laura: I'm definitely a confirmed tea drinker - and trav-
elling through China and Japan I came to love the tea
ritual. Now that I'm writing the "Tea Shop Mystery"
series, I'm a woman on a mission. I visit tea shops all
across the US, collect antique teapots, and am end-
lessly exploring the fascinating world of tea.
Corr.: Have you always wanted to be a writer?
Laura: I've always been a writer. I spent 25 years as an
advertising writer and the last 15 of those years head-
ing up my own agency.
Corr.: When did you first s t a r t writing?
Laura: When I was six I wrote and illustrated "George
the Ghost." I guess I just kept going from there.
Corr.: Who are some of your favourite authors? Do you
read in genres you don't write?
Laura: Thomas Harris, Stephen King, John Sandford,
Michael Conneley and Mary Higgins Clark. I pretty
much stick to the mystery and horror genre.
Corr.: What piece of advice did someone give you t h a t
changed your life? Any advice you'd like to give
aspiring writers?
Laura: Mary Higgins Clark was the one who urged me to
come to New York and attend the Mystery Writers of
American Symposium where my networking landed
me my first publishing contract.
Corr.: W i t h all of the new books you have coming out,
how do you keep track of everything?
Laura: No problem - in fact it's much easier than balanc-
ing 15 or 20 advertising projects. I sometimes noodle
around 2 or 3 book concepts at the same time, but once
I choose a path and start writing, I work only on one
book at a time. And I keep at it until it's finished.
Corr.: How does your family handle your writing?
Laura: My two Chinese Shar-Pei are fairly understand-
ing. My husband is a college professor who's busy
writing his own books about Chinese art.
Corr.: Can you tell us a bit about the next "Tea Shop
Mystery", "Shades of Earl Grey"?
Laura: In "Shades of Earl Grey", a priceless antique wedding
ring disappears from the hand of a dead bridegroom.
Corr.: Have you made any of your own blends of tea?
Laura: Only by accident. I dumped some Earl Grey into a
tea tin t h a t held a dab of Gunpowder Green and ended
up with Earl Green!
Corr.: W h a t is the hardest part of being in the writing
business for you?
Laura: Working by myself. I was so used to a team effort
in advertising - working with a designer, account
executive, and media planner.
Corr.: What do you feel makes your books unique or
stand out from others in your genre?
Laura: My main character, Theodosia, a real entrepre-
neurial spirit. That's what drove her to give up her
fairly high-profile job to become a small business
 owner. When I was in marketing I met dozens of employees, they're family to Theodosia. Earl Grey,
women who longed to do this very same thing. These her mixed-breed Labrador, will even do some crime
were smart women - ad managers, product managers, solving of his own!
etc. - who wanted to dump the corporate life and open Corr.: Any chance you'll ever open a tea shop of your
their own book store, needle craft store, tea shop or own? Or will you leave that to Theo?
antique shop. I think most women are natural born Laura: I've already been asked to open a tea shop! And
entrepreneurs. They don't always want to build a folks have suggested I sell tins of Indigo Tea Shop tea
Fortune 500 company, but they do want to create an along with the books and Theodosia's cleverly
environment that is nourishing and rewarding. designed Tea-shirts. While these entrepreneurial
Corr.: Do you have a superstitious thing you do when you endeavours are tempting, I think it's best I stick to
write? You know, do you have a favorite mug, or shirt you writing.
have to have when you write certain parts of the book? Corr.: Laura, thank you for taking time from your busy
Laura: For some reason, I need to have all my character day to talk with me!
names nailed down before I write my first sentence. If
I don't have the perfect names, I can't seem to picture 7.
the characters in my head. .
Corr.: W h a t are some of your favourite teas? Any partic
ular tea shops you'd like to recommend?
Laura: Darjeeling is spectacular - there's a reason they 1991
call it the "champagne of teas." Japanese green teas 4 1956 ( -
are real favourites, too. As far as tea shops go, I've ) . .
been incredibly impressed with almost all that I've ,
visited. There are so many hard-working tea shop .
hostesses out there who are helping people learn : , ?
about and enjoy the gentle art of tea. : .
Corr.: Do you have something special planned for .
Theodosia and Detective Tidwell? Their relationship : ?
was intriguing. :
Laura: Detective Tidwell will continue to be a recurring ,
character. Although their relationship isn't adversar . 19, - 22.
ial, it will probably continue to be a bit cat-and-mouse. . ,
Corr.: One of the most important things I look for in a .
good mystery series are the secondary characters. . :
Will we be learning more about Drayton and Haley, , ...
not to mention Theo's dog, Earl Grey? I absolutely : ?
love his name and breed. :
L a u r a : Absolutely. Drayton and Haley a r e n ' t just . , , ,
 - , : .
. . .
, , .
:
. ?
, , : ,
. . ,
. .
. - . :
: ? ?
: ---! , : ,
, . - .
- .
. - : - ,
. - ?
, . : :
, , -
8. - .
, : ?
(. 7 : ,
). .

9.
.
.
. . ..
: , .
, ?
: - , -
. - , . I
, . .
: 1831 . XX
, ? ...
: - (high-tech)
. , , .
. .: -
: ? , . ?
. . : - . ,
. , ,
- ... . ,
!
. . , -
, , , . ,
. ,
,
. , .
.: , ,
. 9.
. . : .
, ..
, 30 000
. -

. , ,
.
, : ,
,
. ?
. , : , -
, , -
, ,
. ,
.: .
. ? , . -
, , : .
, ? : ,
. . : - ,
. ?
, :
, . - .
.
. - , , , -
: , , ,
? , , -
 . . .
: :
. ? ,
, ?
, , : ,
. -
- . : ,
: , . ,
. .
, .

, .
? - ,
: ,
.
. .
. ,
, , ,
500 .
,
. 10.
.
,
,

. ()
: , : , .
:
? ?
: . , , :
.
,
. .
, . -
,
. : , . ,
- -
 . ,
, .
:
?
: - .
Discovery Wings. - ,
- . -
. , 2002 -
: ? -. -
: , 30 , ,
, , .
. , 54 ,
, . ,
. , , .
. .: , ,
:
? .
: , , , : !
, , . , -
. .
, , , ,
. . ,
: , .
? ,
: . . ,
, , , - .
. , ,
. - .
. , .: .
, - , ?
. : ,
-
11. , 80-. , 20
( ,
. .

- .4 .380). . , ,
 , ,
, . ,
.: - , . - -.
? . ,
: , . -, .
, . 2002 ,
- .
, - , -
. , , , , ,
, ? , .
.: ? .: ?
: ? ? , : ,
. . - 1993 .
, , , ,
, , , ,
... .
, - , - .: ?
: , ,
. , . ,
, , ,
. .
.: , -.
- ? .
: . .: -
, ?
, . : , !
.: , : .
-. ? ...
: ,
, 12.
. .
,
. ,
.
.: . - Expo Real-2006
? ,
: , - . - 5 . - -
 ,
. , -
.
. , \ .
, ,
. .
? , : - ,
.
, , : , ,
. :
: . 10 - , 20
-, . - . 1916
, ,
- - ? .
:
182 . . 1980-
, 110. , :
, .
. -
. , , , ,
, , ,
: , .
, , : 20-
, . . , . ,
: , , .
? : ?
: ,
: , , .
- . .
-
, - , .
, : ,
-
- . , , ?
, . : , 200 -
: ? ,
: , : .
 : , ?

, . :
: . ,
, 250 . ?
. :
. . -
. , ,
, , . , , ,
, . , . ,
: , -,
? . ,
: , , - .
, : ?
, : ,
. - , :
, . .
, .
- , - :
. , -
.
- . , ?
: -
, . . -
. - :
. , , ,
- . .
: , ,
13. ?
, : ,
: . -, .
, . . ,
.
: - , , .
46 . , .
-
. , .
: -
... .
: -, : ,
, .
: , ,
. .
? : ,
: ! .
, ?
, , . , : .
, :
. . ,
, , . , -
, , . - .
: - -
? ,
: .
. :
, , ?
, . :
. , , ,
. , , . - ,
- . ,
. , , , . 1999
, . - , ,
.
. ,
: , ,
? - . !
: , . :
, - .
. .
- . , : ?
, : , .
. : ,
, - .
. , : , ?
 : , 1
. .
- ,
. , . [
-
http://www.govern- The Russian Federation
:
ment.gov.ru/ Government
Government
? I. ,
,
: . ,
. - . -
http://www.mvdm- The Russian Federation
: ?
-
form.ru
form.ru Ministry of Interior
: , ,
. . -
The Russian Federation
:
(MOI) Federal Migration
Service
? - http://www.mchs.gov.ru The
http://www.mchs.gov.ru The Russian Federation
: , - -
Emergency and Civil
, . -
Defense State
: - , - Committee (EMERCOM

of Russia)
...
: , - . ()
. , -
http://www.mid.ru The Russian Federation
, ,

Ministry of Foreign
- , . , Affairs
Affairs
- .
http://www.mil.ru The Russian Federation

Ministry of Defense
: : -

http:
http://www.minjust.ru
/ /www. minj ust. ru The Russian Federation
,
Ministry of Justice
, The Russian Federation
.
State Messenger Service
: .
, . -
http://svr.gov.ru/ The Russian Federation
-
Foreign Intelligence
Service
, , -
http://www.fsb.ru/ Federal Security Service
. -
http:
http://www.fsb.gov.ru/
/ /www. f sb. gov. r u / of Russia
1991 .
http://www.fas.org/irp/
http://www.fas.org/irp/
- world/russia/fsb/index.
html
: .

http://www.gnk.gov.ru Federal Drug
: ,
Trafficking Control
. -
Service of Russia

 1
]

http://www.fso.gov.ru/ Federal
http://www.fso.gov.ru/ Federal Protective
[
-
ittp://www.minsvyaz.ru The
http://www.minsvyaz.rul The Russian
Russian Federation
- Service of Russia
http://www.globalsecu- Service Ministry of Information
rity.org/intell/world/ru-
rity.org/intell/world/ru-
Ministry

-
Technologies and
Technologies
ssia/fso.htm Communications
Communications

Chief Administration -
http://www.minfin.ru
vttp://www. minfin.ru The
The Russian Federation

for Special Programs of -
Ministry of Finance

the President of Russia

-
http://www.economy.
i t t p : / / ww w .economy. The
The Russian Federation

http://www.udprf.ru/ Administration of the -
gov.ru
gov.ru Ministry for Economic

President of Russia -
Development and Trade
(-
( (Federal Agency)
) III. ,
II.
,
,


I
- http://www.fas.gov.ru/
http://www.fas.gov.ru/ Federal Antimonopoly
-
The Russian Federation
Service
-
Ministry of Health and -
Federal Aeronavigation

Social Development
Service
h t t p : / / w w w . f s t r f . r u / Federal
Federal Tariffs Service
-
http://www.mkmk.ru The Russian Federation
The

-
Ministry of Culture and http://www.meteorf.ru/
http://www.meteorf.ru/ Federal Service for

Mass Communications Hydrometeorology and
-
Environmental
Environmental

Monitoring
Monitoring
-
http://www.mon.gov.ru The Russian Federation

-
Ministry of Education
http://www.gks.ru/ Federal State Statistics

and Science -
- Service
-
http://www.mnr.gov.ru The Russian Federation

Ministry of Natural http://www.fcsm.ru/eng/
http://www.fcsm.ru/eng/ Federal Financial

Resources
Resources
Markets Service

-
http://www.minprom. The Russian
The Russian Federation Federal Service for

gov.ru Ministry of Industry , -
Ecological,

and Energy -
Technological and
-
http://www.minregion.ru The Russian Federation
Atomic Supervision

-
Ministry for Regional
Federal Atomic Energy

Development

Agency

-
http://www.mcx.ru The Russian Federation -
http://www.feder-
http://www.feder- Federal
Federal Space Agency
-
Ministry of Agriculture
alspace.ru/

Federal Agency for

-
http://www.mintrans.ru The
http://www.mintrans.ru The Russian Federation
^ ^ Tourism
Tourism
-
Ministry of Transport
Federal Agency for
-
Physical Culture and
Sports
Sports
 2 2
UK Ministries and Departments 1
[National
National Assembly
Assembly for
for rttp://www. wales, gov.
|http://www.wales.gov. -
( ) Wales uk/index.htm
jk/index.htm

Northern Ireland
Ireland Office lttp: //www.nio.gov.uk/
http://www.nio.gov.uk/
Office /
Cabinet Departments
(N10)
Cabinet Office
Office |http://ww\v.cabinetof-
http://www.cabinetof-
The Northern Ireland
Ireland ittp://www.niassem-
http://www.niassem-
fice.gov.uk/
Assembly )ly.gov.uk/
bly.gov.uk/

Department for
for http://www.parliament.
-
The Northern Ireland
Ireland vttp://www. -
nio.gov.uk/
http://www.nio.gov.uk/
Affairs
Constitutional Affairs uk/parliamentary_com- (-
(
Executive Office
Office


(Lord Chancellor's
Chancellor's mittees/lcdcom/lcdcom_r
mittees/lcdcom/lcdcomr )
Department) elated links.cfm
elated_links.cfm __^_ The Scotland
Scotland Office
Office http://www.scotlandof-
-ittp://www.scotlandof-
Department for
for http://www.dfes.gov.uk/ fice.gov.uk/
fice.gov.uk/


Education and
and Skills
Skills
The Scottish Executive
Executive http://www.Scotland.
iittp: / /www. Scotland.

-
(DfES) Office gov.uk/Home
Department for Interna-
Interna hhttp://www.dfid.gov.uk/
t t p : //www. df id. gov. u k /

- The Wales
Wales Office
Office http://www.ossw. wales.
http://www.ossw.wales.
tional Development
Development gov.uk/

for the
Department for the http://www.defra.gov.uk/ - Other Government Departments
Environment, Food and and -
Board of Inland Revenue
Revenue hhttps://secure.nation-
t t p s : / / s e c u r e . nation -

Rural Affairs
Affairs (DEFRA)
(DEFRA) , (IR) alarchives.
alarchives.gov.uk gov. uk
(IR)
Central Office of
of http://www.coi.gov.uk/ -
Department forfor http://www.local.odpm. Information (COI)
(COI)
Transport, Local
Local gov. uk/greenpap/index. ,
gov.uk/greenpap/index. , http://www.cps.gov.uk/
Crown Prosecution
Prosecution
Government andand the
the htm -
Service
Service
Regions (DTLR)
(DTLR)
Department forfor Work
Work http://www.dwp.gov.uk/
http://www.dwp.gov.uk/
Export Credit Guarantee
Guarantee http://www.ecgd.gov.uk/ -
and Pensions
Pensions
Department
Department of Culture,
Culture, http://www.culture.gov.
http://www.culture.gov.
,

Media and Sport
Sport (DCMS)
(DCMS) uk/
uk/ Forestry Commission http: / / www. forestry.
Forestry Commission http://www.forestry. -
gov.uk/
gov.uk/
Department of Health
Health http://www.dh.gov.uk/
http://www.dh.gov.uk/
- Government Legal http://www.gls.gov.uk/
Government Legal http://www.gls.gov.uk/ -
(DoH) en/index.htm
Service
Service

Department ofof Trade
Trade http://www.dti.gov.uk/
http://www.dti.gov.uk/

HM Customs and Excise http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/
http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/
and Industry
Industry (DTI)
(DTI)
Foreign and
and http://www.fco.gov.uk -
Of fice
Office for for National http://www.statistics.
National
-
Commonwealth Office
Office
- Statistics (ONS)
(ONS) gov.uk/
(FCO) Of ficefor
Office Standardsinin http://www.ofsted.gov.
forStandards http://www.ofsted.gov.
-
Her Majesty's
Majesty's Treasury
Treasury http://www.hm-trea-
http://www.hm-trea-
- Education
Education (OFSTED)
(OFSTED) uk/
sury.gov.uk/
sury.gov.uk/
Of ficeofofFair
Office Fair Trading http://www.oft.gov.uk/
Trading http://www.oft.gov.uk/
Home Office
Office http://www.homeof-
tittp://www.homeof-
- ^ _^__
' fice.gov.uk/
^ ^ fice.gov.uk/ Of fice of
Office of Gas andGas and http://www.ofgem.gov.
http://www.ofgem.gov.

-

Ministry of
of Defense
Defense http://www.mod.uk/def
i t t p : / / w w w . mod.uk/def
Electricity Markets
Markets uk/ofgem/index.jsp
uk/ofgem/index.jsp

(MoD) enceinternet/home
enceinternet/home (OFGEM)
 2 3
Departments of the US Administration
Office of
| f , f i c e of http://www.oftel.gov.uk/
| h t t P : //www.oftel.gov.uk/lpaeeeeoy-|
( )
Telecommunication
Telecommunication

(OFTEL)
(OFTEL) Bureau of Economic
Economic http://www.bea.gov/

Office of Water Water Service
Service http://www.ofwat.gov.
http://www.ofwat.gov.
" Analysis (BEA)
(BEA)

((Ofwat)
0fwat u kV/
>
Bureau of Labor
Labor http://www.bls.gov/

Serious
Serious Fraud Fraud Office
Office http://www.sfo.gov.uk/ -
Statistics (BLS)
(BLS)
-
^ ___^_
Treasury Solicitor's
Solicitor's http://www.tsol.gov.uk/
http.//www.tsol.gov.uk/
- Bureau of Land
Land http://www.blm.gov/wo
Department

Management (BLM)
(BLM) /st/en.html
Bureau of The
The Census
Census http: / / w w w . census .gov/
http://www.census.gov/
Bureau of the
the Public
Public http://www.publicdebt.

Debt treas.gov/
Central Intelligence
Intelligence https://www.cia.gov/
-
Agency (CIA)
(CIA)

Department of http://www.
http://www.usda.gov/
usda.gov/

Agriculture (USDA)
(USDA) wps/portal/usdahome

Department of
of Defense
Defense http://www.def enselink.
http://www.defenselink.
(DoD) mil/
mil/
Department of http://www.ed.gov/index.
-
Education jhtml
Department of
of Health
Health http://www.hhs.gov/
-
and Human
Human Services
Services
-
(DHHS)
Department of http://www.dhs.gov/in -

Homeland Security
Security dex.shtm
Department of Housing
Housing http://www.hud.gov/
-

and Urban
Urban Development
Development -

Department ofof Justice
Justice Department of Justice
Justice


Department ofof the
the http:
http://www.doi.gov/
/ /www. doi. gov/

-
Interior
Department ofof the
the http:
http://www.ustreas.gov/
/ /www. ustreas. gov/
-
Treasury
Department of Veterans
Veterans http://www.va.gov/
Affairs (VA)
(VA)
Federal Emergency
Emergency http://www.fema.gov/
Management Agency
Agency
-
(FEMA)

 3 3
Government Printing
Printing http: //www. gpo. gov/
http://www.gpo.gov/
-
lU.S. CustomsService
U.S. Customs www .customs. gov |
Service |www.customs.gov
Office (GPO)
(GPO) U.S.
U.S. Department
Department of
of http://www.commerce. -
nttp: / /www .commerce.
Health Care
Care Financing
Financing http://www.os.dhhs.gov Commerce gov/
Administration (HCFA)
(HCFA) /about/opdivs/hcf
/about/opdivs/hcfa.html
a. html U.S. Department
Department of
of http://www.energy.gov/ -

U.S.



Energy
Internal Revenue
Revenue http://www.irs.gov/
Service (IRS)
(IRS) U.S. Department of Labor
Labor www.dol.gov
www.dol.gov

U.S. Department of
U.S. Department of http://www.dot.gov/
http: / / www. dot. gov/
-
International Trade
Trade http://trade.gov/index.
-
Administration (ITA)
(ITA) asp
asp Transportation _ _ _
Mine Safety and
and Health
Health http://www.msha.gov/ U.S. Environmental http://www.epa.gov/
http://www.epa.gov/

Administration Protection Agency
Agency (EPA)
(EPA)
U.S. Extension Service http://www.csrees.usda.
http://www.csrees.usda.

National Aeronautic andand http://www.nasa.gov/ -
gov/
Space Administration
Administration
U.S. General Services http://www.gsa.gov/Po
http://www.gsa.gov/Po -

(NASA) Administration rtal/gsa/ep/home

U S Geological
U.S. Survey http:
Geological Survey http:// //www. usgs.gov/
www. usgs. gov/
National Archives andand http://www.archives.gov/ -


Records Administration
Administration -

(NARA) U.S. Navy Department http://www.navy.mil/
http://www.navy.mil/

(NARA)
National Center
Center for
for http://www.cdc.gov/
- U.S.
U.S. Patent
Patent and
and http://www.uspto.gov/
http: / /www. uspto. gov/
Health Statistics
Statistics (NCHS)
(NCHS) nchs/
Trademark Office
Office
National Highway
Highway National Highway
Highway -
U.S. Small
U.S. Small Business
Business http://www.sba.gov/

Traffic Safety
Safety Admini-
Admini Traffic Safety
Traffic Safety -
Administration
Administration
stration (NHTSA)
(NHTSA) Administration
National Oceanic and
and http://www.noaa.gov/ -

Atmospheric
Atmospheric
Administration
Administration (NOAA)
(NOAA)

National Park
Park Service
Service http://www.nps.gov/
(NPS)
National Technical Infor-
Infor http://www.ntis.gov/
mation Service (NTIS)
(NTIS)
Occupational Safety
Safety and
and http://www.osha.gov/
Health Administration
Administration
(OSHA)
Office of
of Management
Management http://www.wMte-
http://www.wMte- -

and Budget (OMB)
(OMB) house. gov/omb/
house.gov/omb/
Social Security
Security http://www.ssa.gov/ -

Administration (SSA)
(SSA)
State Department
Department http://www.state.gov/

 4 4
-/Kabardino-Balkar
(Moscow) Republic
/Republic of Kalmykia
/Central Federal -/Karachay-Cher-
District (/Moscow) kess Republic
/Belgorod Oblast /Republic of North
/Bryansk Oblast Ossetia-Alania
/Ivanovo Oblast /Stavropol Krai
/Kaluga Oblast
/Kostroma Oblast - / Northwestern
/Kursk Oblast Federal District (-/St. Petersburg)
/Lipetsk Oblast /Arkhangelsk Oblast
/Moscow ( /fed /Nenets Autonomous
eral city) Okrug
/Moscow Oblast /Vologda Oblast
/Oryol Oblast /Kaliningrad Oblast
/Ryazan Oblast /Leningrad Oblast
/Smolensk Oblast /Murmansk Oblast
/Tambov Oblast /Republic of Karelia
/Tver Oblast /Novgorod Oblast
/Tula Oblast /Pskov Oblast
/ Vladimir Oblast /Komi Republic
/Voronezh Oblast -/St. Petersburg (
/Yaroslavl Oblast /federal city)

/Southern Federal District /Far Eastern

( --/Rostov-na-Donu) Federal District (/Khabarovsk)
/Astrakhan Oblast /Amur Oblast
/Volgograd Oblast /Jewish Autono
/Krasnodar Krai mous Okrug
/Rostov Oblast /Kamchatka Oblast
/Republic of Adygea /Koryak Autono
/ Chechen Republic mous Okrug
/Republic of Dagestan /Magadan Oblast
/Republic of Ingushetia /Chukotka Autono-
 4 4
mous Okrug /Volga Federal District
/Primorsky Krai ( /Nizhny Novgorod)
( (Yakutia) Republic /Republic of
/Sakhalin Oblast Bashkortostan
/Khabarovsk Krai /Chuvash Republic
/Kirov Oblast
/Siberian Federal District /Mari El Republic
( /Novosibirsk ) /Republic of Mordovia
/Altai Republic /Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
/Altai Krai /Orenburg Oblast
/Buryat Republic /Penza Oblast
/Chita Oblast /Perm Krai
/Agin- /Samara Oblast
Buryat Autonomous Okrug /Saratov Oblast
/Irkutsk Oblast /Republic of Tatarstan
- / /Udmurt Republic
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug /Ulyanovsk Oblast
/Republic of Khakassia
/Kemerovo Oblast
/Krasnoyarsk Krai
/Novosibirsk Oblast
/Omsk Oblast
/Tomsk Oblast
/Tuva Republic

/Urals Federal District

(/Yekaterinburg)
/Kurgan Oblast
/Sverdlovsk Oblast
/Tyumen Oblast
- /Khanty-
Mansi Autonomous Okrug
- /Yamalo-
Nenets Autonomous Okrug
/Chelyabinsk Oblast
 5 5
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 24. Kent/ (Maidstone/)
( 25. Lancashire/ (Preston/)
) 26. Leicestershire/ (Leicester/)
(London) 27. Lincolnshire/ (Lincoln/)
28. Merseyside/ (Liverpool/)
29. Norfolk/ (Norwich/)
England/ 30. Northamptonshire/ (Northampton/
(London) )
3 1 . Northumberland/ (Morpeth/)
Counties/ 32. North Yorkshire/- (Northallerton/
1. Avon/ ( Bristol/) )
2. Bedfordshire/ (Bedford/)
33. Nottinghamshire/ (Nottingham/
3. Berkshire/ (Reading/)
)
4. Buckinghamshire/ (Aylesbury/)
34. Oxfordshire/ (Oxford/)
5. Cambridgeshire/ (Cambridge/)
35. Shropshire/ (Shrewsbury/)
6. Cheshire/ (Chester/)
36. Somerset/ (Taunton/)
7. Cleveland/ (Middlesbrough/)
37. South Yorkshire/- (Barnsley/)
8. Cornwall/ (Truro/Tpypo)
38. Staffordshire/ (Stafford /)
9. Cumbria/ (Carlisle/)
39. Suffolk/ (Ipswich/)
10. Derbyshire/ (Matlock/)
40. Surrey/ (Kingston-upon-Thames/-
11. Devon/ (Exeter/)
12. Dorset/ (Dorchester/) -)
13. Durham/ (Durham/) 4 1 . Tyne and Wear/ (Newcastle upon Tyne/
14. East Sussex/ (Lewes/) --)
15. Essex/ (Chelmsford/) 42. Warwickshire/ (Warwick/)
16. Gloucestershire/ (Gloucester/) 4 3 . West Midlands/- (Birmingham/
17. Greater London/ (/) )
18. Greater Manchester/ (Manchester/ 44. West S u s s e x / (Chichester/
) )
19. Hampshire/ (Winchester/) 45. West Yorkshire/ (Wakefield/
20. Hereford and Worcester/-- )
46. Wiltshire/ (Trowbridge/)
(Worcester/ )
2 1 . Hertfordshire/ (Hertford/) Wales/
22. Humberside/ (Beverly/) (Cardiff)
23. Isle of Wight/-- (Newport/)
 5 5
Counties, cities and county boroughs /, 6. Dumfries and Galloway/
- 7. City of Dundee/
1. Anglesey/ (county) 8. East Ayrshire/
2. Blaenau Gwent/ (county borough) 9. East Dunbartonshire/
3. Bridgend/ (county borough) 10. East Lothian/
4. Cardiff/ (city) 11. East Renfrewshire/
5. Carmarthenshire/ (county) 12. City of Edinburgh/
6. Caerphilly/ (county borough) 13. Falkirk/
7. Ceredigion/ (county) 14. Fife/
8. Conwy/ (county borough) 15. City of Glasgow/
9. Denbighshire/ (county) 16. Highland/
10. Flintshire/ (county) 17. Inverclyde/
11. Gwynedd/ (county) 18. Midlothian/
12. Monmouthshire/ (county) 19. Moray /
13. Merthyr Tydfil/ (county borough) 20. North Ayrshire/
14. Newport/ (city) 21. North Lanarkshire/
15. Neath Port Talbot/- (county borough) 22. Perth and Kinross/
16. Pembrokeshire/ (county) 23. Renfrewshire/
17. Powys/ (county) 24. Scottish Borders/
18. Rhondda Cynon Taff/ (county borough) 25. South Ayrshire/
19. Swansea/ (city and county) 26. South Lanarkshire/
20. Torf/ (county borough) 27. Stirling/
21. Vale of Glamorgan/ (county borough) 28. West Dunbartonshire/
22. Wrexham/ (county borough) 29. West Lothian/
30. Na h-Eileanan Siar (Western )/
Scotland/ 31. Orkney Islands/
(Edinburgh) 32. Shetland Islands/

Council areas/ ( Northern Ireland

) (Belfast)
1. City of Aberdeen/
2. Aberdeenshire/ Cities, counties and regions/-
3. Angus/ ,
4. Argyll and Bute/ 1. Antrim/ (county and region)
5. Clackmannanshire/ 2. Ards/ (region)

5
3. Armagh/ (city and county)
4. Ballymena/ (region)
5. Ballymoney/ (region)
6. Banbridge/ (region)
7. Belfast/ (city)
8. Carrickfergus/ (region)
9. Castlereagh/ (region)
10. Coleraine/ (region)
11. Cookstown/ (region)
12. Craigavon/ (region)
13. Derry/ (city and county)
14. Down/ (county and region)
15. Dungannon and South Tyron/
(region)
16. Fermanagh/ (county and region)
17. Lame/ (region)
18. Limavady/ (region)
19. Lisburn/ (city and region)
20. Londonderry/ (county)
21. Magherafelt/ (region)
22. Moyle/ (region)
23. Newry/ (city)
24. Newry and Mourne/ (region)
25. Newtownabbey/ (region)
26. North Down/ (region)
27. Omagh/ (region)
28. Strabane/ (region)
29. Tyron/ (county)
6
The United States of America
( )
(Washington)
1. Alabama (AL)/ ( Montgomery/
)
2. Alaska (AK)// (Juneau/)
3. Arizona (AZ)/ (Phoenix/)
4. Arkansas (AR)/ (Little Rock/-)
5. California ()/ (Sacramento/)
6. Colorado ()/ (Denver/)
7. Connecticut ()/ (Hartford/)
8. Delaware (DE)/ (Dover/)
9. Florida (FL)/opa (Tallahassee/)
10. Georgia (GA)/ (Atlanta/)
11. Hawaii (1)/ (Honolulu/)
12. Idaho (ID)/ (Boise/)
13. Illinois (/ (Springfield/)
14. Indiana ()/ (Indianapolis/)
15. Iowa (1)/ (Des Moines/-)
16. Kansas (KS)/KaH3ac (/)
17. Kentucky ()/ (Frankfort/)
18. Louisiana ()/ (Baton Rouge/-)
19. Maine ()/ (Augusta/)
20. Maryland ()/ (Annapolis/)
21. Massachusetts ()/ (Boston/)
22. Michigan (1)/ (Lansing/)
23. Minnesota ( (St Paul/-)
24. Mississippi (8)/ (Jackson/)
2 5. Missouri ()/ (Jefferson City/-)
26. Montana ()/ (Helena/)
27. Nebraska (NE)/He6pacKa (Lincoln/)
28. Nevada (NV)/HeBafla (Carson City/-)
2 9. New Hampshire (]*)/ (Concord/)
 6 7
30. New Jersey ()/- (Trenton/) Canada
31. New Mexico (NM)/Hbio-MeKCHKO (Santa Fe/-) ()
32. New York (NY)/HbK>-HopK (Albany/) (Ottawa)
3 3. North Carolina ^)/ (Raleigh/)
34. North Dakota (ND)/CeBepHan (Bismarck/
)
35. Ohio ()/ (Columbus/) 1. Alberta / ( Edmonton/)
36. Oklahoma ()/ (Oklahoma City/- 2. British Columbia/ (Victoria/
-) )
37. Oregon (OR)/OperoH (Salem/) 3. Manitoba/ (Winnipeg/)
38. Pennsylvania (PA)/ (Harrisburg/ 4. New Brunswick/- (Fredericton/-
) )
39. Rhode Island ^1)/- (Providence/) 5. Newfoundland and Labrador/
40. South Carolina (SC) / (Columbia / (St. John's/-)
) 6. Nova Scotia/ (Halifax/)
41. South Dakota ( (Pierre/) 7. Ontario/ (Toronto/)
42. Tennessee (TN)/TeHHeccn (Nashville/) 8. Prince Edward Island/
43. Texas (TX)/Texac (Austin/) (Charlottetown/)
44. Utah ()/ (Salt Lake City/--) 9. Quebec/ (Quebec City/)
45. Vermont ()/ (Montpelier/) 10. Saskatchewan/ (Regina/Regina)
46. Virginia (VA)/Bp (Richmond/)
47. Washington ("\)/ (Olympia/)
48. West Virginia (WV)/3anaflHaH (Charleston/ 1. Northwest Territories/-
) (Yellowknife/)
49. Wisconsin (WI)/BHCKOHCHH (Madison/) 2. Nunavut/ (Iqualuit/)
50. Wyoming (WY)/BaiioMHHr (Cheyenne/) 3. Yukon/ (Whitehorse/)
51. District of Columbia (DC)/OKpyr (Washington/
)
 8 9
Australia (Commonwealth of Australia) New Zealand
(, ) ( )
() (Wellington)

,
1. New South Wales (NSW)/HoBbm
( Sydney/ ) 1. Northland/ (
2. Queensland (QLD)/ (Brisbane/) Whangarei/)
3. South Australia (8)/ (Adelaide/ 2. Auckland/ (Auckland City/)
) 3. Waikato (Environment Waikato)/BaKaUTO (Hamilton/
4. Tasmania (8)/ (Hobart/) )
5. Victoria (1)/ (Melbourne/) 4. Bay of Plenty (Environment )/--
6. Western Australia ^ ) / (Whakatane/)
(Perth/) 5. East Cape (Gisborne)/HcT () (Gisborne/
)
6. Hawke's / (Napier/)
1. Northern Territory (NT)/North Territory (Darwin/ 7. Taranaki/ (New Plymouth/-)
) 8. Manawatu-Wanganui/- (Palmerston
2. Australian Capital Territory ()/ North/-)
(Canberra/) 9. Wellington/ (Wellington/)
10. Tasman/ (Richmond/)
11. Nelson/ (Nelson/)
12. Marlborough/ (Blenheim/)
13. West Coast/- (Greymouth/)
14. Canterbury (Environment Canterbury)/KaHTep6epn
(Christchurch/)
15. Otago/ (Dunedin/)
16. Southland (Environment Southland)/Cayemi;
(Invercargill/)
17. Chatham Island/ (n/a)

,

(Realm of New Zealand)
 9 10
1. Cook Islands/ (Avarua/)
2. Niue/ (Alofi/)
3. Tokelau/ (n/a)
4. New Zealand's Ross Dependency in Antarctica/ Commonwealth of http://www.cis.minsk.by
-
Independent States
States
-
Executive Committee
Committee
(/)
Council for
for Asia-Europe
Asia-Europe http://www.caec-asiaeu- -
-
Cooperation (CAEC)
(CAEC) rope.org/IE/Welcome.html
Council of the Baltic
Baltic Sea
Sea http://www.cbss.st
http: //www.cbss .st
States


Council of Europe
Council of Europe http://www.coe.int
http://www.coe.int

Europe
Council of Europe http://www.coe.int/t/E/
Directorate General
General for
for hhuman_rights
umanrights
Human Rights
Development Assistance
Assistance www.oecd.org/dac
www.oecd.org/dac
Committee (DAC)
(DAC)

EUROCONTROL http://www.eurocon- -

trol.int/corporate/pub-
lic/subsite_homepage/in
dex.html
European Bank
Bank for
for http://www.ebrd.org
Reconstruction and
and
Development (EBRD)
(EBRD) ()
European Space Agency
Agency http://www.esa.int

(ESA)
European Patent
Patent Office
Office http://www.european-

patent-office.org
European Commission
Commission hhttttpp::////w
wwww w..ccooee..iinntt//tt//EE

against Racism
Racism and
and /hum maann_r ri igghhttss//eeccr i /
Intolerance

European Court of http://www.echr.coe.int
Human Rights
Rights /echr
European Free
Free Trade
Trade http://www.efta.int -

Association (EFTA)
(EFTA)
European Union
Union http://europa.eu.in
International Monetary
Monetary http://www.imf.org
http://www.imf.org
Fund (IMF)
(IMF) ()
International Center
Center for
for http://www.icsti.su
http://www.icsti.su
Scientific and
and Technical
Technical
Information (ICSTI)
(ICSTI) ()
 10 71
Interpol http://www.interpol.int

International Organiza-
Organiza http://www.iom.int

( .5-6 1.2; .1-3 5.3)
tion for
for Migration
Migration ()
(IOM)

International Energy
Energy http://www.iea.org
- (UNESCO, United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Agency Cultural Organization)
Inter-Parliamentary http://www.ipu.org/eng -
-
Union lish/home.htm
Joint Institute for
for Nuc-
Nuc http://www.jinr.ru
http://www.jinr.ru
, - 1946.
lear Research
Research (JINR)
(JINR) ,
NATO Parliamentary
Parliamentary http://www.nato-
, ,
Assembly pa.int/ ,
North Atlantic Treaty
Treaty http://www.nato.int -
- ,
Organization (NATO)
(NATO) () .
Nuclear Energy
Energy Agency
Agency http://www.nea.fr
http://www.nea.fr

Organization of http://www.oas.org
(UN, United Nations Organization)
American States
States (OAS)
(OAS) -
Organization for
for the
the http://www.opcw.org no , 1945.
Prohibition of
of Chemical
Chemical
Weapons

,
Organization of
of the
the http://www.opec.org/
.
Petroleum Exporting
Exporting home
home : ,
Countries (OPEC)
(OPEC) () , ,
Organization for Econo-
Econo hhttp://www.oecd.org/ho
t t p : / / w w w . oecd. o r g / h o

- , .
mic Co-operation and
and me/0,2987,en
me/0,2987,en_2649_20 2649_20
Development (OECD)
(OECD) 1185 , 0 0 . h t m
1 1 8 5 _1l _1l _1l _1l _ l1.00.htm
United Nations (UN)
(UN) http://www.un.org/ -
(WTO, World Trade Organization)
english/ () - 1995
United Nation's
Nation's http://portal.unesco.org/
http: //portal. unesco. org/ - ,
Educational, Scientific
Scientific en
en
-
and Cultural
Cultural
.
Organization (UNESCO)
(UNESCO) () , ,
Western European
European http://www.weu.int -
- -
Union
;! . -
World Health
Health http://www.who.int/en ,
Organization (WHO)
(WHO) ()
. .
World Trade
Trade http://www.wto.org
Organization (WTO)
(WTO) ()
World Bank
Bank (WB)
(WB) http://www.worldbank.org () (WHO, World Health Organization)
 11 11
-
, , ,
, .
(. 1 ). 7 , ,
1948, 26 - ,
; , ,
. ,
(, ,
); , ,
, , .
,
, (EU, European Union)
, , () - 27
.. ( 1 2007),
( ). -
(INTERPOL Interpol, International criminal police :
organization) ,
, , .
,
-
. .

, , (IBRD, International Bank for Reconstruction and
( 3 ). Development)
186 , . (
, ) - ,
27 1990 ,
. - 1945 . -
- . (10%
)
,
(ICC, International Chamber of Commerce)

-
.
.
, ().
1919 , - .
 11 11
, 185 .
(, International Olympics Committee) -
- , -
-
. , . .
- - (). .
- ( .
14 2001), -

. 23 1894
(NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization )

- -
-
.
,
, 4 1949
(1863-1937).
: , ,

, , , , ,
, .
, , , , .

(ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization) . 26
- .
,
,
. (EEC, European Economic Community)
, -
,
.
1957, .
, . 6 (,
, , , , ),
, , (
- , 1973), ( 1981), , ( 1986).
-
.
. , ( 1986 -
),
(IMF, International Monetary Fund) .
- - .
 12 13
-

\ comes
International Nautical Mile = 1, 852 km with eating
1 yard = 91.44 centimetres , - \"\
1 foot = 30.48 centimetres shall see what we shall see
1 inch = 2.54 centimetres oflHa\Misfortunes never come
1 square mile = 2.59 square km alone, It never rains but it pours
1 square foot = 929 square centimetres Bnopy\Beggars cannot be choosers
1 square inch = 6.45 square centimetres nopoK\Poverty is no sin
1 ounce = 28.35 grams \ cat in
1 pound = 453.59 grams gloves catches no mice , No pains no gains, No sweet
1 barrel = 140.6 - 190.9 litres without sweat
1 gallon = (UK) 4.546, (US) 3.785 litres \ pull the devil by its tail
1 quart = (UK) 1.14 litres, (US) 0.946 litres \ creaking door hands
1 pint = (UK) 0.57 litres, (US) 0.47 litres long on its hinges
- \ great
ship asks deep waters
npa3flHHK\Every dog has his day
\ storm in a tea-cup
(100 ) = 212 \ be head over the ears in
debts
= (0 ) = 32 - \ sound mind in a
sound body
\ a true
word is spoken in jest
32 5/9. (), \ be in
one's birthday suit
9/5 32. \ Beware of a silent dog
and still waters, Still waters run deep
\ bird may be known by its
song
3apbiTa!\That's where the shoe pinches
e\Every dog is a lion
at home
 13 13
\ bird likes its \ morning sun never
nest lasts a day
XHTpa\Necessity is the mother of , ce\Betwixt and between
invention , Hora\As welcome as water
\ make a mountain out of a in one's shoes
molehill \ man, no man
\ angle with a silver nni;yT\Enough is as good as a feast
hook \ flying from fate
\Wait for the cat to jump \ lay by for a rainy day
nncaH\Fools run in where angels cyflflT\Success is never blamed
fear to tread \ song, no sup
, \ the skies fall we shall catch larks per
, - \ draw (pull) in one's horns
enib\Grasp all lose all \ find a mare's nest
\ comes never noTon\After us the deluge
npopyxa\Every man has a fool \ lock the stable
in his sleeve door after the horse is stolen
, \ is sweet but the bee - HacMeniHinb\Haste makes
stings waste
, nrpeu\Head cook and bot \ stick to somebody like
tle washer a leech
\ cures habit, Like \ weep over an
cures like onion
- \ is the soul of wit \ hard nut to crack
, \11 early bird yxa\Hungry bellies have no ears
catches the worm \ comes out
CMex\It is enough to make a cat laugh of the mouths of babies and sucklings
, \ bird in \ keeps no
the hand is worth two in the bush school, she teaches her pupils singly
He Hoca\Never say die npoHfleT\That cock won't fight
He \ day is not Sunday onepbi\That's a horse of another colour
He \^ the bear
before you sell his skin, First catch your hare, Never
fry a fish till it's caught
\ is no smoke without fire
 U 14
2. Mope\Aegean Sea
- 3. \1 Sea
4. \Arctic Ocean
5. Mope\Sea of Azov
6. OKeaH\Atlantic Ocean, the Ditch
1. \Bohemia 7. Mope\Barents Sea
2. \ 8. 0KeaH\Indian Ocean
3. \1 9. \ Sea
4. \Provence 10. Mope\Caribbean Sea
5. Cmie3HH\Silesia 11. Mope\Caspian Sea
6. \1 12. Mope\Sea of Marmara, Sea of Marmora
7. \ Thrace 13. Mope\Mediterranean, Mediterranean Sea
8. \ Franconia 14. \ Ontario
15. Mope\Baltic Sea
16. OKeaH\the Pacific, the Pacific Ocean
1. \ 17. o3epo\Chudskoe lake
2. AayraBa\Daugava 18. \1^ lake
3. E(ppaT\Efrate 19. Mope\Sargasso Sea
4. TaHr\Ganges 20. Mope\Dead Sea
5. XyaHxa\Hwang
6. HHfl\Indes , , , .
7. \Yangtze ocTpoBa\Azores
8. HeMaH\Neman \ Burma
9. \Vltava \1 del Fuego
10. \1 Ta3a\Gaza Strip
11. Tnrp\Tigris \Antilles
12. \Vistula rpeH\naHflHfl\Greenland
repHeroBHHa\Herzegovina
, ToHKOHr\Hong Kong
1. JIa-MaHin\English Channel \ peninsula
2. rn6panTap\Gibraltar oyocpo\Northland
3. \^ Stream \1 Peninsula
\
, , \1 Peninsula
1. \Adriatic Sea \ Islands, Canaries
 14 15
\ of Good Hope
\ Verde Islands -
() ocTpoBa\Maldivian
Islands, Folkland Islands
IIacxH\Easter Island 1. ancT\stork
\181 2. \
ApaBHH\Saudi Arabia 3. Bbinb\bittern
3HM6a6Be\Zimbabwe 4. \
TaiiBaHb\Taiwan 5. -\8\-\
TaTpbi\Tatra, Tatry 6. HCTpe6-TeTepeBflTHHK\goshawk
\ 7. \
\ Chukotka peninsula 8. \^1
HopflaH\Jordan, The West Bank 9. \1; hawk eagle
3anp\Zaire 10. CTepBflTHHK\Egyptian vulture
11. rpH(p\griffon-vulture, vulture
12. KyponaTKa\partridge
13. \
14. \(8) gull, (sea-)gull, mew, mew(-gull)
15. acoa\swallow
16. CTpHJK\swift, martin
17. ee\swan; (cob(-swan) - ; -
hooper; - female swan, pen(-swa n);
- cygnet)
18. pigeon (dove - .; - hom
ing pigeon, carrier-pigeon)
19. r<^nua\turtle-dove
20. \
21. coBa\owl
22. 4mjmH\eagle owl
23. cbi4\horned owl
24. e\woodpecker
25. comca\jay
26. \()1
27. \
28. \1
 15 15
29. BopoHa\crow 14. aaa\flounder, plaice, sole
30. \ 15. \1
31. \ 16. oceTp\sturgeon
32. \jackdaw, daw 17. ce\herring ( - menhaden)
33. copc-Ka\magpie 18.
34. Bopo6eii\sparrow 19. KopK>iHKa\smelt
35. flpo3A\thrush
36. \1!
37. 4B3K\siskin 1. e\hedgehog
38. CHHHi;a\titmouse, tomtit, blue tit 2. \1 ( moleskin)
39. TpHcory3Ka\wagtail 3. Mbiinb\bat
40. \1 4. 6o6ep\beaver
41. \goldfinch 5. cypoK\marmot
42. \1" 6. -\11
43. ()\ (redbreast) 7. xoMHK\hamster
44. ropnxBOCTKa\redstart 8. KyHHua\marten ( - tiger-cat)
45. ooe\nuthatch 9. xopeK\polecat
46. cooe\nightingale 10. ^!
47. CKBopeu;\starling 11. \1 ( ); stoat (
48. 4H6Hc\lapwing, pe(e)wit )
12. 6apcyK\badger
13. \(); coon .
1. \1; ling () 14. Ka6aH\wild boar; ( ) hog, boar
2. \8 15. \1; - moose
3. necKapb\gudgeon 16. oe\red deer; () brocket;
4. Kapacb\crucian (carp) ( ) royal stag
5. \ 17. \1) ( ) fallow-deer; 2) (
6. ) doe
7. coM\cat-fish, sheat-fish 18. K03a\(she-)goat, nanny-goat; -
8. \1, grig angora
9. \ 19. \1; bobcat ()
10. \ ruff 20. 6apc\panther, ounce; - snow leopard
11. \1 perch, zander 21. \1
12. \^ eel-pot
13. TpecKa\cod
 15 15
3. \^11
1. \(), linden - bass, 4. uiaMnHHbOH\agaric, field mushroom
bass-wood 5. pbDKHK\saf fron milk cap
2. KaniTaH\chestnut 6. \ wolly lactarius
3. HceHb\ash-tree 7. \1
4. pH6nHa\mountain ash, rowan(-tree), service-tree 8. CBHHyiHKa\mushroom
2) () ashberry, rowan(-berry) 9. \ butter mushroom
5. \1 10. MOxoBHK\mossiness mushroom
6. \ 11. \ bovines mushroom, swallow pored boletus
7. \ 12. noflOCHHOBHK\orange-cap boletus
8. 6epe3a\birch 13. \ cap boletus
9. \1 14. \
10. \willow 15. \1
11. ocHHa\asp(en) 16. e\pseudocep
12. \()
13. \1
14. cocHa\pine(-tree); - Scotch fir, Scotch
pine
15. nHXTa\fir, silver fir
16. \, spruce
17. \1
18. ^uniper
19. KHnapnc\cypress
20. eBponeiicKim\cedar
21. \1
22. \ (); elder-berry ()
23. \8^11 tree, guelder-rose, viburnum
24.
25. 4epeMyxa\bird cherry tree ()
26. openiHHK\filbert, nut-tree, nutwood
27. niHnoBHHK\dog(-)rose

1. MyxoMop\fly(-)agaric, toadstool
2. \ honey agaric
 16 16
- 2. Armenia - flpaM\dram
3. A(praHHCTaH\Afghanistan - a<praHH\afghani
4. BaH^afleni\Bangladesh - Tana\taka
1. \ Islands, Bahamas - 5. \1- \1 dollar
\ dollar 6. \Vietnam - flOHr\dong
2. \ - rypfl\gourde 7. Tpy3Hfl\Georgia - \1
3. \ Republic - 8. \181- \81
neco\Dominican peso 9. HHflHfl\India- \
4. KaHafla\Canada - oap\Canadian dollar 10. HHflOHe3Hfl\Indonesia - \
5. Ky6a\Cuba - neco\Cuban peso 11. \ Jordan -
6. \ - neco\Mexican peso 12. HpaK\Iraq -
7. \1 Salvador - - 13. \1 - \1
\1 el Salvador 14. Ka3axcTaH\Kazakhstan - TeHre\tenge
8. CIIIA\USA - CHIA\USA dollar 15. KaM6ofl>Ka\Cambodia, State of Cambodia - \1
9. \ Jamaica - \ Jamaican dollar 16. Knnp\Cyprus - \ pound
17. \ - \
18. \ - BOHa\won
1. ApreHTHHa\Argentina - neco\Argen- 19. Kbiprbi3CTaH\Kyrgyzstan - coM\som
tine peso 20. \\ - flHHap\dinar
2. \1 - \1 21. JIaoc\Laos - Knn\kip
3. \ - \ real 22. \ - y\pound
4. \Venezuela - \1 23. Moo\Mongolia - TyrpnK\tugrik
5. \1 - neco\Colom- 24. \1 - \
bian peso 25. 9MHpaTbi\United Arab
6. \ - ryapaHH\guarani Emirates - flHpxaM\dirham
7. \ - epyac\Peruvian sal 26. CnpHH\Syria - y\pound
8. Surinam - \8- 27. TaflJKHKHCTaH\Ta(d)jikistan - \()
mese gulden 28. Taa\Thailand - \
9. Ypyrea^Uruguay - neco\Uruguayan 29. TypKMeHHCTaH\Turkmenistan - MaHaT\manat
peso 30. \ - lira
10. \1 - neco\Chilean; Chile peso 31. y36eKHCTaH\Uzbekistan - cyM\sum, soum
11. 9KBaflop\Ecuador - \ sucre 32. \Philippines - neco\peso
33. IIIpH-JIaHKa\Sri Lanka - \
34. \ Japan - \
1. \Azerbaijan- \!
 16 16
\Spain
1. \1 - \( \Italy
2. \1 - KBaH3a\kwanza \Luxembourg
3. ErnneT\Egypt - \<1 \The Netherlands
4. ^ - \\ \Portugal
5. \Cameroon - \* OHH\jmH7i^\Finland
6. \ - nuuumHT\shilling \
7. KoHro\Congo - \1 2. \1 - \1
8. \1 - \!1 3. \^ - \1, lew
9. \ - \ 4. Beopa\Great Britain - -
10. \ - \ roe\pound sterling
11. Mo3aM6HK\Mozambique - \1 5. BeHrpnfl\Hungary - op\forint
12. Hnrep\Niger - (ppaHK\franc 6. \ - KpoHa\Danish crown
13. \Senegal - \* 7. H^aH7J,^\Iceland - KpoHa\Icelandic crown
14. \8 - \shilling 8. \ - a\lat
15. Cya;aH\Sudan - \11 9. \ - \1;
16. \ - iH^umHr\shilling 10. xee\Liechtenstein - \
17. TyHHc\Tunisia; Tunis - \!1 Swiss franc
18. yraHfla\Uganda - ni^LJraHr\shilling 11. MaKeflOHHfl\Macedonia - fleHap\denar
19. \^1 - \ 12. \ - npa\Maltese lira
20. K)AP\Republic of South Africa, South African 13. \ - \1
Republic - K)AP\rand 14. HopBenra\Norway - KpoHa\Norwegian crown
15. oa\Poland - o\zloty
16. \11() - \1
1. Acpa\Australia - \11 17. Coa\Slovakia - KpoHa\crown
2. \\^ Zealand - ^ 18. \81 - mjuiap\tollar
3. ToHra\Tonga - naaHra\pa'anga 19. \ - rpHBHa\griwna
20. \ - flHHap\dinar
21. \ - KpoHa\crown
1. Euro 22. IllBeU4apHfl\Switzerland - \
\^ Swiss franc
\Belgium 23. e\Sweden - KpoHa\Swedish crown
\Germany 24. 3cTOHHfl\Estonia - KpoHa\Estonian crown
\Greece 25. & Herzegovina -
\Ireland MapKa\convertible mark
 5 17 17
15. http://www.afdb.org/portal/page?_pageid=313,l&_
dad~portal&_schema=PORTAL -

16. http://www.cbss.st/ -

17. http: I/www.eurocontrol.int /corporate /public / sub-
1. http://www.rulers.org - site homepage/index.html -
, ,
18. http:I/www.ebrd.orgl -

2. http://www.usaexportimport.com/world_organiza- 19. http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/ESRIN_SITE/index.
tions.html - html/ -
, , .. 20. http://www.european-patent-office.org/index.en.php -
3. http://www.un.org ,
4. http://www.un.org/aboutun/chart.html - 21. http://www.coe.int/ -
, 22. http://www.coe.int/t/E/human_rights/ecri/ -
5. http://www.wto.org -
6. http://www.worldbank.org/ - , 23. http://www.echr.coe.int/echr -

7. http://www.imf.org/ - , 24. http://www.weu.int/ - -
8. http://www.caec-asiaeurope.org/IE/Welcome.html - 25. http://www.cis.minsk.by/ -
-
9. http://asem.inter.net.th/ - - 26. http://www.efta.int/ -
(/)
10. http://www.oecd.org/home/0,2987,_2649_201185_ 27. http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/eu.html -
l_l_l_l_1.00.html -

11. http://www.iea.org/ - 28. http://europa.eu.int/ -
29. http://www.opcw.org/ -
12. http://www.nea.fr/ -
13. http://www.oecd.org/department/0,2688,_2649_ 30. http://www.nato.int/ -
33721_l_l_l_l_L00.html - 31. http://www.nato-pa.int/ ~

14. http://www.oas.org/ - 32. http://www.jinr.ru/ -

 17 17
33. http://www.icsti.su/ - 2. http://www.cprf.ru/ -
3. http://www.elections.ru/duma/sps/krest.html -
34. http://www.interpol.int/ -
35. http://www.iom.int/ - 4. http://www.socialparty.ru/index.php -

36. http://www.ipu.org/english/home.htm - 5. http://www.ndpr.ru/ - -

37. http://www.opec.org/home/ - - 6. http://www.kpr.ru/ -
()
38. http://www.who.int/en/ - 7. http://www.sdprus.ru/ ~ -

39. http://portal.unesco.org/en/ - 8. http://www.democrats.ru/ -

9. http://www.p-rossii.ru/ ~
1. http://www.kremlin.ru/mainpage.shtml - 10. http://www.agroparty.ru/ -


11. http://www.rprf.ru/ -
2. http://www.duma.gov.ru/ -
3. http://www.akdi.ru/gd/ - 12. http://www.ldpr.ru/ -
4. http://council.gov.ru/ - 13. http://www.narpart.ru/ -
5. http://genproc.gov.ru/ - 14. http://rpvita.ru/ ~
6. http://www.supcourt.ru/ - 15. http://www.yabloko.ru/ -
7. http://www.cikrf.ru/ - 16. http://www.spsmoscow.ru/ -
8. http://www.gks.ru/wps/portal - 17. http://www.sps.ru/ -
18. http://www.edinros.ru/ -
9. http://www.regions.newsall.ru/ - (
) -
10. http://www.panorama.ru/works/regs.html -

11. http://www.regions.ru/ -
12. http://www.mojgorod.ru/ -
1. www.multilex.ru/online.htm- -
- on-line
1. http://forum.msk.ru/opposition_hoop/ - 2. www.medialingua.ru - - -
on-line
 17 17
3. www.rambler.ru/dict/enru - nary of occupational titles
. . .. 2. http://www.duhaime.org/diction.htm - law dictionary
. .. 3. http://dictionary.law.com/law - dictionary
4. www.lingvo.ru/lingvo/index/asp - - 4. http://www.nolo.com/lawcenter/dictionary/wordindex.
- on-line cfm - legal jargon dictionary
5. http://augustl.com/pubs/dict/ - international law
5. www.multitran.ru - - - dictionary
on-line
1. http://rusetsky.eom/a.htm -

1. www.acronymfinder.com -
2. http://www.rusjur.ru/partners/dictionary/a -

2. http://www.numa.com/ref/acronym.htm -

3. www.sokr.ru -
1. http://www.moneyglossary.com/ - financial and busi
ness terms dictionary
www.onelook.com, www.yourdictionary.com, www.maber- 2. http://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asp - account
com.com -
ing glossary
3. http://www.bloomberg.com/analysis/glossary/bfglosa.
http://dic.academic.ru/library.nsf/ -
htm - financial glossary
4. http://www2.egenet.com.tr/mastersj/turkish-busi-
( ) ness-and-economic-terms.html - business and eco
http: / /www.askoxford.com/, http://www.m-w.com/, nomic terminology dictionary
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ - 5. http://www.worldcargoalliance.com/Library/global-
http://info.ox.ac.uk/bnc - data / terms.htm - cargo shipment dictionary
British National Corpus 6. http://www.oasismanagement.com/glossary/ - finan
http://poets.notredame.ac.jp/Roget - cial dictionary
Thesaurus Roget 7. http://www.mindspring.com/~mdeeb/equifax/cc/faqs/
glossary.html - glossary of credit terms
- 8. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/ -
glossary of international economics terms

1. http://www.theodora.com/dot_index.html - dictio- 1. http://dic.academic.ru/misc/fin_enc.nsf/ListW -

 17 17
2. http://dic.academic.ru/misc/econjHct.nsf/ListW - 5. http://www.doktor.ru/old/people/glossar/glossar.htm
6. http://blog.slovnik.org/infobox/med/
3. http://dic.academic.ru/misc/fin2.nsf/ListW -

4. http://dic.academic.ru/misc/anticris.nsf/ListW -
1. http://www.ge-at.iastate.edu/courses/Geol_l 00/old_
5. http:/1slovari.net/' content s.php?sl=i'in - files/glossmenu.html
2. http://www.webref.org/geology/geology.htm
3. http://www.epa.gov/trs/
4. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astron
omy/glossary/
1. http://foldoc.org/
2. http:/ /www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries /com 1. http://web.ru/db/glossary.html
puters/ 2. http://stroycolleg.org.rU/download/uchebnik_03/0.htm
3. http://www.computeruser.com/resources/dictio 3. http://www.5-ka.ru/geol/index.html
nary /index.html
4. http://pespmcl.vub.ac.be/ASC/INdexASC.html
5. http: // support.microsoft.com / default.aspx1? scid=%2F
support%2Fglossary%2Fa.asp 1. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary.asp
6. http://ashelf.eom/wordlists/s/stb/www/ 2. http://fbox.vt.edu/cals/cses/chagedor/glossary.html
3. http://web.umr.edu/-aeg/arco/arco.html
1. http://svv.narod.ru/others/svvslov.htm
2. http://www.math.rsu.ru/dictionary/ X. http://www.komi.com/gowor/srs/01_33/02/biolog_
3. http://win-da.by.ru/dictionary/dict_a.shtml termin_a.htm
4. http://soobaz.narod.ru/ 2. http://www.crx.ru/glos.htm

1. http://www.stedmans.com/section.cfm/45 1. http://www.artlex.com/
2. http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/omd/ 2. http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/
3. http://www.aliceville.com/artdic_0.htrn
1. http://www.ill.ru/cgi-bin/form.meddict.pl 4. http://www.abt.org/library/dictionary/index.html
2. http://www.pozvonok.ru/termin/ 5. http://www.artmuseums.harvard.edu/sargentathar-
3. http://www.medicinform.net/slovar/index.htm vard/drawingglossary.html
4. http://alchemist.hamovniki.net/latin/dict.htm 6. http://www.wordexplorations.com/sample-ref.html
 17 17
7. http://www.artcyclopedia.com/index.html Multitran
Lingvo
1. http://www.prdesign.ru/text/glossary/artterm.html
2. http://mirasky.hl.ru/evrgloss.htm
3. http://arw.asu.ru/~sokol/server/resours/article/art_ British National Corpus (http://info.ox.ac.uk/bnc )
dic.html Thesaurus
Roget (http://poets.notredame.ac.jp/Roget)
\ (google, altavista,
yandex, rambler, aport, yahoo, www.lycos.com,
www.content.overture.com, www.kanoodle.com,
1. http://annaz.nm.ru/ - , www.ask.com, www.whatuseek.com )
2. http://www.translators-union.ru/ - (.
3. http://www.translators-union.ru/?'collect/internet/ - )

4. http://www.translators-union.ru/?collect/search/ -

,
5. http://www.trworkshop.net/ - , ,
6. http://www.trworkshop.net/links/engines.htm - , .
- .
:
(
Lingvo, Multitran,
..);
;
www.voanews.com ;
www.bbc.co.uk : British
National Corpus, Thesaurus Roget.
http://www. 101 .ru/live.ram
http://www.rusradio.com/rusradio32_u.ast
http://www.silver.ru/realaudio/sr.ram