SOLUTION TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

Is used in chemistry to describe in which one or more substances

are homogenously mixed or dissolved in another substance.
It has two components:
Solute component that is usually dissolved and least abundant
in the solution
Solvent the dissolving agent, the most abundant component in
the solution.

From three states of matter solid, liquid and gas it is possible to

have nine (9) different types of solutions.
Many solids are really solid solutions. They are often called as alloys,
like brass ( copper and zinc)

Ex: Steel is a solid solution in which carbon is dissolved in iron. The

carbon dissolves in iron when the iron is melted. When the iron
cools and changes back into a solid, the carbon remains dissolved in
the solid steel.

In a liquid solution, the solvent is usually water. Water can dissolve Seatwork
more solutes than any other liquid, so it is called universal solvent. Identify the type of solution exists in the following:
Usually a solid solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent. 1. Vinegar
2. Antifreeze
Ex: Sodium chloride dissolved in water. 3. Ocean water
4. Dental amalgam
Gases can also dissolve in liquids to make a liquid solution 5. Air
Ex: Carbon dioxide dissolved in beverage formula
produce carbonated drinks.
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that dissolves in a given
amount of solvent at a specified temperature.
Example: the solubility of sodium chloride at 60 oC is 38g/100g water.
Solubility is often used in a relative way.
These terms are frequently used to describe the solubility of a solid
in liquid even though they do not accurately indicate how much
solute will be dissolve.
Very soluble
Moderately soluble
Slightly soluble
Insoluble
In solubility of a liquid to another liquid the following terms are used:
Miscible liquids capable of mixing and forming a solution .
Ex. Ethyl alcohol and water are miscible in each other in all proportions.
Immiscible not capable of mixing and forming a solution
Ex. Oil and water are immiscible, since they form two separate layers when
they are mixed.
Factors That Affect the Rate at which Substances Dissolve
Stirring distributes the dissolved solute through the solution and
more solvent is brought into contact with solid, causing the solid to
dissolve more rapidly.
3. Increase in temperature
Increasing the temperature speeds up dissolution. This is true
whether the solubility increases or decreases at higher temperature.
The reason for this increase is the kinetic energies of the solute,
solvent and solution increases.
The increased kinetic energy of the solvent causes its molecules to
move rapidly thus come in contact with the solute particles more
quickly. Hence at a higher temperature, all the particles involved a
higher kinetic energy, therefore, the overall rate of dissolution is
increased.
4. Concentration of Solutions
When the solute and solvent are first mixed, the rate of dissolving is
at its maximum. This rate decreases the concentration of the
solution increases and the solution becomes saturated with the
solute.
Although dissolution rates of solutes vary, the rate always slows
down as the concentration approaches saturation point.

1. Agitation or Stirring
When a solid is first put into a solvent, the only solvent which it
come in contact is within the immediate vicinity. As the solid
dissolves, the amount of dissolved solute, around the solid becomes
more and more concentrated and the rate of dissolving slows down.
If the mixture is not stirred, the dissolved solute diffuses vey slowly
through the solution.
Stirring distributes the dissolved solute through the solution and
more solvent is brought into contact with solid, causing the solid to
dissolve more rapidly.

2. Particle Size
If the mixture is not stirred, the dissolved solute diffuses vey slowly
through the solution.