Exercise 13:

1. Benar. Subject = we. Verb = will have. Reduced adjective clause = purchased yesterday.
2. Salah. Subject = children. Verb = found. Reduced adjective clause = sat in the fancy
restaurant. Adjective clause seharusnya: sitting in the fancy restaurant.
3. Benar. Subject = mayor. Verb = will face. Reduced adjective clause = serving a term of
four years.
4. Salah. Subject = Cadillac. Verb = was destroyed. Reduced adjective clause = purchasing
less than two weeks ago. Puchasing seharusnya purchased karena Cadillac yang dibeli
bukan membeli.
5. Salah. Subject = fans. Verb = come. Reduced adjective clause = who supporting their
team. Hilangkan who agar reduced clause menjadi sempurna.
6. Salah. Subject = suspect. Verb = can be seen. Reduced adjective clause = were just
released by the police. Hilangkan were agar reduced clause menjadi sempurna.
7. Salah. Subjetc = food. Verb = attracted. Reduced adjective clause = placing on the picnic
table. Kata Placing seharusnya placed karena makanan yang diletakkan bukan
meletakkan.
8. Benar. Subject = Marie. Verb = signed. Reduced adjective clause = impressed with
everything she had heard about the course.
9. Salah. Subject = passengers. Verb = groaned. Reduced adjective clause = heard the
announcement of the canceled flight. Heard seharusnya hearing karena passenger
mendengarkan penguman bukan didengarkan.
10. Salah. Subject = meal. Verb = was. Reduced adjective clause = dissatisfied with the
service at the restaurant. Karena bentuk reduced form di awal menggunakan kata dissatisfied
(tidak dipuaskan), maka subjectnya harus berupa orang bukan meal. Orang yang tidak
dipuaskan dengan servis dari restaurant bukan makanan yang tidak dipuaskan oleh servis dari
restaurant.

Exercise 14:
1. Benar. Adverb connector = if. Reduced adverb clause = if not completely satisfied.
2. Salah. Adverb connector = since. Reduced adverb clause = since left home. Seharusnya
reduced adverb clause berbentuk aktif = since leaving home karena meninggalkan rumah,
bukan ditinggalkan rumah.
3. Benar. Adverb connector = where. Reduced adverb clause = where needed.
4. Benar. Adverb connector = after. Reduced adverb clause = after completing his masters
degree in engineering.
5. Salah. Adverb connector = although. Reduced adverb clause = although not selecting for
the team. Seharusnya reduced adverb clause berbentuk pasif = selected bukan selecting,
karena maknanya dipilih atau terpilih, bukan memilih.
6. Salah. Adverb connector = when. Reduced adverb clause = when purchased at this store.
Karena subject dalam kalimat ini the buyer, kata purchased atau dibeli disini tidak logis.
Seharusnya digunakan bentuk aktif purchasing (membeli) agar sesuai dengan subjectnya the
buyer, menjadi bermakna Ketika berbelanja/membeli di toko ini, si pembeli mendapatkan .
7. Benar. Adverb connector = unless dan as. Reduced adverb clause = unless taken as
directed.
8. Salah. Adverb connector = before. Reduced adverb clause = before buy a new car. Kata
Buy seharusnya buying agar bentuk reducednya sempurna.
9. Benar. Adverb connector = once. Reduced adverb clause = once purchased.
10. Benar. Adverb connector = though. Reduced adverb connector = though located near the
coast.
Exercise skills 13-14:
1 . Salah. Was seharusnya dihilangkan sehingga bentuk kalimatnya setelah direduced adalah
though surprised. Reduced clause = though was surprised.
2. Benar. Reduced clause = wearing only a slight sweater.
3. Benar. Reduced clause = while driving across the country.
4. Salah. Needed seharusnya dibuat needing. Reduced clause = needed a vacation.
5. Benar. Reduced clause = when applying for the job.
6. Salah. Kalimat sudah memiliki subject = she dan verb = looked. Bentuk klausa selanjutnya
harus direduced karena tidak ada connector, maka was seharusnya dihilangkan sehingga
hanya digunakan filled. Reduced clause = was filled with dark thunderclouds.
7. Benar. Reduced clause = feeling weak after a long illness.
8. Salah. Reduced clause = before decided to have surgery. Decided seharusnya dibuat
deciding.
9. Benar. Reduced clause = a rather grainy type of wood.
10. Benar. Reduced clause = if submitted by the fifteenth of the month.

Exercise skills 13-14 pilihan ganda:

1. A. Connector = when. Setelah connector tidak ada subject dan verb. Kemudian, subject
dna verb utama adalah Canadian geese dan are. Berarti kalimat membutuhkan subject dan
verb, tetapi dipilihan tidak ada yang menawarkan subject, maka kalimat ini pasti dalam
bentuk reduced form present participle, maka pilihan yang tepat adalah building. Kalimat
aslinya when Canadian geese build nests Dalam bentuk reduced form present participle,
subject dihilangkan dan verb dirubah kedalam bentuk verb-ing.
2. A. Subject = Calvin. Verb = made. Kalimat sudah memiliki s dan v, berarti hanya
dibutuhkan sebuah noun phrase.
3. B. Subject = Kokanee salmon. Verb = begin. Semua pilihan menawarkan verb spawn,
berarti dibutuhkan connector. Pilihan yang tidak memiliki connector salah. Pilihan B benar
karena ini bentuk reduced form present participle.
4. B. Kalimat membutuhkan appositive yang terbentuk dari reduced form past participle.
5. D. Kalimat memiliki connector until. Dilihat dari pilihan, setelah connector dibutuhkan
bentuk reduced form past participle. Subject dan to be dihilangkan, hanya tinggal verb 3
proven. Kalimat aslinya: Until astronomers have recently been proven subject dan to be
dihilangkan.
6. D. Kalimat membutuhkan appositive yang terbentuk dari reduced form past participle.
7. B. Kalimat membutuhkan connector. Kalimat aslinya; while she was in subject dan to be
dihilangkan (bentuk reduced form).
8. D. Subject = national restaurant. Verb = says. Connector = that. Subject dan verb kedua
adalah federal efforts dan would limit. Kalimat mebutuhkan appositive bentuk reduced form
past participle, yang nanti akan memisahkan subject dan verb dengan koma, karena posisi
appositive ditengah.
9. B. Kalimat ini membutuhkan appositive bentuk reduced form dari past participle, karena
makna yang diinginkan adalh pertama kali dilihat. Tetapi, pilihan yang ada first sighting,
maka pilihan B lebih tepat dengan penambahan connector tetapi dalam bentuk reduced form
past participle.
10. B. Dibutuhkan bentuk reduced form past participle called = disebut.

Exercise review exercise 1-14:

1. D. Kalimat membutuhkan verb.
2. A. Kalimat sudah memiliki subject dan verb. Dibutuhkan keterangan jumlah tambahan
saja.
3. D. Dibutuhkan connector dan auxiliary verb untuk present perfect.
4. B. Dibutuhkan subject dan verb setelah connector until.
5. D. Dibutuhkan noun clause yang berfungsi sbeagai subject.
6. B. Dibutuhkan subject dan verb.
7. C. Dibutuhkan noun clause setelah preposition on.
8. D. Dibutuhkan noun clause yang berfungsi sebagai subject.
9. A. Subject kalimat ini adalah one. Kemudian, dibentuk klausa baru setelah connector that
dan klausa yang terbentuk memiliki connector yang menunjukkan makna berlawanan.
10. D. Dibutuhkan connector yang direduced.