Philippine Normal University

The National Center for Teacher Education

Technology and Livelihood Education Hub
South Luzon Campus

LESSON PLAN IN TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

AGRI-FISHIRIES GRADE 9

Prepared by; Villamor, Diosary C.

The students are expected to:
Objectives Cognitive: Distinguish the different ways on how to dispose placenta and dead
kids/lambs properly.
Affective: Care for environment by doing the right ways of disposing.
Psychomotor: Create right ways of disposing dead stock.
Lesson Title Different ways of disposing deadstock.
Learning Learning Outcomes No. 2
Competencies 2.2 Dispose placenta and dead kids/lambs properly
Values to be Caring for Environment
integrated
Dimension Moral
Physical
Core Values Love and Goodness/ Health and Harmony with Nature
Related Goodness
Values Cleanliness
Life
Environment Care
References Fallen stock and safe disposal of dead animals - GOV.UK. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/fallen-stock
file:///E:/incesinating/Carcass%20disposal%20with%20
comprehensive%20discussion%20including%20all%20methods.html
Materials Laptop, Speaker, Pictures,etc

1.Preliminaries Prayer
Greetings
Review
Checking of Assignment
2. Motivation The students are going to do a Challenge. It will be called Whisper Challenge .
They will be grouped into two groups. They will pick a phrases and whisper it and
the other group mates will guess what is the phrase.
1. How did you find the activity?
2. What did you notice on the phrases that you pick?
3. Activity Group Activity (3 Groups)
Make a slogan about conserving our environment and avoid pollution.
4. Analysis 1. How can you make your slogan effective?
2. Did you already did what you have wrote on your slogan?
2. What values did you consider to make an slogan?
5. Vocabulary 1. Incinerating
Words 2. Sanitary
 3. Composting
4. Dead stock
5. Disposal
6. Abstraction Graphic Organizer

INCIRENATING

SANITARY LANDFILLS
WAYS OF
DISPOSING
ON-SITE BURIAL
DEADSTOCK
.
RENDERING

COMPOSTING

Dead stock disposal

There is an old saying, "where there are livestock, there are 'deadstock'." Death is a
normal part of any animal production enterprise. Dead animals and other wastes
(afterbirth and slaughter wastes) can be a risk to biosecurity and hazardous to the
environment. They need to be disposed of in a proper manner to minimize soil and water
contamination and the risk of spreading disease and attracting wildlife.

Laws pertaining to the disposal of animal mortality vary by location and species. Be sure
to follow the laws of your county, province, and/or state. Depending upon location,
disposal options may include incinerating, landfills, burial, rendering, and composting.

INCINERATING
Incinerating dead animals is an option, but may not be economical feasible, except in very
large operations. Some state diagnostic labs and veterinary offices may incinerate dead
animals for a fee. Incinerating is energy-intensive and has the potential for polluting the
environment if the incinerator is not operated and maintained properly. However, the
ashes from properly incinerated dead animals are harmless and do not attract rats, mice,
or insects.

Incineration has 2 ways, there are the Open-pit Burning and the Chamber fixed
incineration. The Open-fit Burning is the burning of Carcass on combustible material
(heaps, tires, and woods). It requires fuel (diesel, jet fuel, coal etc.) It should be away from
residential area. The Chamber fixed incineration is a controlled type of incineration which
the combustible is carried out in chamber. It usually the fuel is natural gas.

Open-fit Burning Chamber fixed incineration

SANITARY LANDFILLS

In some locations, dead animals can be placed in sanitary landfills. Before taking dead
animals to a landfill, producers must check to see if the landfill will accept dead animals.
Even if a landfill is permitted to take dead animals, it may not be the policy of the landfill
operator to accept dead animals. Landfills is a site where waste is isolated from the
environment until it safe.
ON-SITE BURIAL

Burial is still a common method of dead animal disposal, but it is becoming less preferred
due to the potential for water pollution. However, it may be the only practical option for
some producers. Burial involves digging a grave or pit, filling it with the dead animal, and
covering it with soil. In time, the dead animals will decay. In cold climates, burial is difficult
when the ground is frozen.

Areas that have permeable soils, fractured bedrock, and a seasonable water table must
be avoided. The burial site must be located away (at least 300 feet) from water sources
and structures and neighbors. It needs to be protected from scavengers. Not all counties
and states allow burial of dead animals.

RENDERING

Rendering usually recycles the nutrients contained in dead animals into an ingredient for
animal food, especially for pets. However, lack of rendering plants and animal disease
concerns make it difficult to use this option.
Rendering is an offsite process that uses heat to convert carcasses and associated
disposal material into meat and bone meal, fat or tallow and water. Rendering may be
Edible and Inedible.
 COMPOSTING

Composting is rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal. Composting
is an aerobic biodegradation process used to decompose organic material. It transforms a
waste product, such as manure and animal carcasses, into a useful soil amendment. Most
compost is spread on agricultural land.

Composting works well because it releases nutrients slowly during the warm, moist solid
conditions that encourage plant growth. The compost N, P, and K should be considered
part of the nutrient management plan for the field. The compost generated from the
decomposition of animal carcasses should not be given or sold as compost for use off-
farm.

To make composting work, you need to create and maintain the ideal environment for the
microorganisms to function in your pile. There are four essential elements for successful
composting:
1) carbon and nitrogen;
2) oxygen;
3) moisture; and
4) temperature.
The carbon to nitrogen ratio is very important to the composting process.

To facilitate the composting process, you will need to add a substrate that is high in
carbon to balance the high levels of nitrogen contained in the mortalities. Too low a C:N
ratio may cause odors. Too high a Carbon nitrogen ratio may limit microbial activity,
resulting in lowered temperatures and slowed decomposition. A C:N ratio ranging from
25:1 to 35:1 is ideal.

Clean sawdust has proven to the best substrate for composting animal mortalities.
However, other materials with high carbon content can be used, such as straw, corn
stalks, corn silage, wood chips, straw-manure mixture, or old feedstuffs.

Oxygen must be present in the pile to support necessary microbial activity. An adequate
moisture level is also needed to ensure proper microbial activity in the compost pile. The
ideal moisture content is 45 percent, but levels from 40 to 60 are acceptable. Low
moisture levels can reduce microbial activity while high moisture levels inhibit the flow of
oxygen and can lead to odors.

Heat is the result of the composting process and is necessary for composting to work. The
more heat there is, the more heat is produced, and the faster the composting process. For
proper composting, the temperature must reach at least 131 F (55 C) and remain there
for several days or weeks.

7. Application Group Activity

 They will be group into 2 groups.
They will be given an envelope containing a scramble letters and jigsaw puzzle.
They will use this letters to make a word. And put it on its corresponding meaning.
The group who finish it first will be rewarded.

RETNGINCINAI INCINERATING
YSAINTAR SANITARY
NGITOMCOPS COMPOSTING
TISE-NO ON-SITE
NEREDNIGR RENDERING
8. Evaluation 1. It is a way of disposing dead stock where you burn the dead animals.
INCIRENATING
2. It is a way of disposing where you place the dead stock to waste that is
isolated from the environment until it safe.
SANITARY LANDFILLS
3. It is the most common way of disposing dead stock.
ON-SITE BURIAL
4. It is a way of disposing where you recycle the nutrients contained in dead
animals into an ingredient. It can be edible and inedible for the food of animals or
fertilizer.
RENDERING
5. It is a rapidly becoming the preferred method of dead stock disposal.
COMPOSTING
9. Assignment Cite any other ways of disposing dead stock.