I.

ORAL CAVITY AND ITS PARTS

1. Oral Vestibule – space between lips and teeth
• Fornix Vestibuli-height of the maxilla and depth of mandible
• Mucous membrane-connective tissue that lines the oral cavity.
2. Oral Cavity Proper
• ROOF
a. Hard Palate
Palatine Raphe-on the midline running antero-posteriorly in the hard palate
Palatine Rugae-series of elevations running from side to side from palatine raphe.
Incisive Papilla-on the midline just behind or palatal to the central incisors.
b. Soft Palate
Palatine Fovea-located on both sides of the center line porterior to the vibrating line.
Hamulus of Pterygoid Process-notch of the palate.
Vibrating Line-the place you observe the motion when you say “ahhhh”
• POSTERIOR WALL
a. Pterygomandibular Raphe-extending from the retromolar pad to the maxillary tuberosity.
b. Uvula-hangs from the posterior border of the palate.
c. Anterior Pillar-Glossopalatine Arch
d. Posterior Pillar-Pharyngopalatine Arch
• LATERAL WALL
a. Floor of the Mouth-ventral of the mouth.
b. Sublingual Sulcus-space between tongue and cheeks
c. Sublingual Folds- a.k.a. Plica Sublingualis, along these folds are opening of ducts.
d. Sublingual Caruncle-bulge or papilla on the frenum.
e. Lingual Frenum-attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
f. Retromylohyoid Curtain-zone of the mucous membrane.

II. PARAORAL TISSUES

1. Cheeks
2. Palate
3. Lips
4. Sublingual Folds
5. Salivary gland
6. Teeth
7. Tongue
8. Tonsils

Functions:
1. Deglutition-act of swallowing.
3 Phases of Deglutition
Buccal Phase-the tongue forces the bolus to the pharynx.
Pharyngeal Phase-Uvula and Soft Palate folds up, Epiglottis folds down(covering the voice box)
Esophageal Phase-esophageal sphincter will open, cardiac sphincter will open allowing the food to enter the stomach.
2. Digestion
3. Taste-tongue
4. Speech
4 Consonants:
Dental Consonant-teeth and tip of the tongue.
Palatal Consonant-tongue touches the palate.
Labial Consonant-lips
Guttural Consonant-soft palate and tongue.
5. Protection-tonsils(lymphatic action)
6. Ingestion-lips and teeth
7. Respiration-helps in breathing
8. Mastication-grinding and chewing

*LIPS
a. Tubercle-nodule of the tissue in the center of the lowest part of upper lip.
b. Philtrum-depression running from the tubercle to the nostrils.
c. Labiomental Groove-h.orizontal groove that emphasizes the chin
d. Nasolabial Groove-runs diagonally downward on each side of the nostril toward the corner of the lips.
e. Commissure-upper lip and lower lip meet.
f. Wet Line-junction between the inner and outer portion of the lips.

*CHEEKS
a. Linea Alba Buccalis-white line runs posteriorly where the upper and lower teeth meets.
b. Parotid Papilla-covers the duct openings on either side of the parotid gland.
c. Fordyce Spots-are yellow spots w/c may be seen in the lips or in buccal mucosa just posaterior to the corner of the
mouth.
d. Buccal Pad of Fat-separates the buccinators muscle from the ramus of the mandible and the massester muscle.

*TONGUE
-principal oragan for taste.
Tip (apex)
Body (carpus)
Base (root)
Dorsum of the Tongue:
a. Filiform Papillae-hair-like structure, most numerous, velvety appearance
b. Fungiform Papillae-mushroom shape
c. Folliate Papillae-narrow mucosal folds
d. Circumvallate Papillae-largest lingual Papillae
e. Foramen Cecum-remnant of thyroglossal duct.
f. Terminal Sulcusseparates 2/3 anterior and 1/3 posterior of the tongue.
g. Lingual Follicles-a.k.a. lingual tonsils, round or oval prominence at the base of the tongue.

*SALIVARY GLANDS
-Excretion and secretion
-Saliva: 95% water 0.5% organic and inorganic elements.
Organic Elements:
Serum Cholesterol
Ptyalin Urea
Ammonia Mucin
Maltase Albumin
Globulin
Function of Saliva:
a. Liquid State
Buffer Aids in Deglutition
Mineralization Mastication
Cleansing Act Solvent Agent
Lubrication
b. Chemical Component
Bacteriocidal
Digestion