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WHY WE
NEED TO
UNPLUG
And how to regain
control of our lives
PAGE 42
Improving Outcomes
for Anxious Kids
PAGE 50
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The Conners CBRS assists in the diagnostic process, development and monitoring of
intervention plans, and the identification of students for potential eligibility in special
education programs.
Direct and clear links to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act 2004 (IDEA 2004)
Straightforward administration, scoring, and reports available in online and software formats
Excellent reliability and validity
Spanish versions are available for parent and self-report forms
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monitor on
psychology
A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
PRESIDENT
Antonio E. Puente, PhD
PRESIDENT-ELECT
Jessica Henderson Daniel, PhD
EDITORIAL
EDITOR
Sara Martin
SENIOR EDITORS
Jamie Chamberlin, Lea Winerman
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
Rebecca A. Clay, Tori DeAngelis, Kim I. Mills, Amy Novotney, Heather Stringer, Kirsten Weir, Laura Zimmerman
ADVERTISING
DIRECTOR OF ADVERTISING
Jodi Ashcraft
Got a story idea? We want to hear from you. Send your ideas to Monitor on Psychology Editor Sara Martin at smartin@apa.org.
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The Monitor on Psychology (ISSN-1529-4978) is the magazine of the American Psychological Association (APA) and is published 11 times per yearJanuary, February, March, April, May, June, July/August combined, September, October,
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COVER STORY
(DIS)CONNECTED
Smartphones may keep us connected, but they can also mess with our
sleep, stress us out and monopolize our attention. Psychology may hold
the key to helping people take control of this technology to prevent its
negative effects and even enhance our well-being. See page 42
COVER: 2017 ROBERT NEUBECKER/THEISPOT
50 BRIGHTER FUTURES
FOR ANXIOUS KIDS
Anxiety disorders are the most common
mental health disorders among children and
adolescents, yet anxiety has been woefully
underdiagnosed. Now, psychologists
research has begun to paint a clearer
picture of anxiety in kids, including the role
that family plays and which interventions can
help to treat it.
56 HEALING BY DESIGN
Psychologists who study design offer
insights on how to design practitioners
offices to best support their clients. Their
research suggests that offices be painted
in light and neutral colors, be lit with
windows or lamps (not fluorescents), offer
comfortable chairs, feature a connection
with nature and include such distractions as
fish tanks, among other findings.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y M A R C H 2 0 1 7 3
Departments MARCH 2017
6 PRESIDENTS COLUMN
7 FEEDBACK
RESEARCH
9 IN BRIEF
1 5 DATAPOINT
80 BY THE NUMBERS
NEWS
1 6 ARTHUR C. EVANS JR. IS NAMED
APAS NEW CEO
1 8 ADVOCACY IN ACTION
20 WILL NIMH HAVE A
BROADER MISSION?
22 NEW LEASE ON LIFE FOR
TROUBLED INMATES
26 PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
TO HELP SMOKERS QUIT
28 COLOMBIAN AND U.S. RESEARCHERS
PARTNER TO FOSTER HEALING
36 JUDICIAL NOTEBOOK
PEOPLE
33 4 QUESTIONS FOR ALISON GOPNIK
7 1 PSYCHOLOGISTS IN THE NEWS
CAREER
62 TAKE CHARGE!
66 HOW DID YOU GET THAT JOB?
68 NO INSURANCE REQUIRED
CLASSIFIEDS
73 CLASSIFIED ADS
4
Presidents Column
I
125 years is one of the longest tenures
of any scientific, pedagogical or profes-
n this era of chaos, incivility, self-centeredness and decreased sional society in the world.
focus on diversity, one has to dig deep to determine what is of APA and psychology evolve. For exam-
value and what has stood the test of time. APA has done just that. ple, we had been mostly men, now we are
There is no question that APA has experienced some dark periods, mostly women. We were mostly academ-
ics, now we are mostly practitioners.
such as our Independent Review, but we have always learned and
Regardless of challenge, we have always
eventually prospered. transformed and expanded our vision and
When APA was founded 125 years ago, a group of individuals decided mission.
that the status quo was no longer viable. They first met at Clark Univer- We are only as good as our future. We
sity in the summer of 1892 and subsequently as a small convention at the must feel comfortable in this time of
University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in December: 31 men from chaos, as we will not only survive but will
also prosper and lead.
various backgrounds came together to develop a new psychology.
And, as we move forward to embrace
Since then, we have gone from 31 membersall men, all white, all the future, here are some activities and
academicsto 117,675, of which over 60 percent are women, with a ideas central to APAs rebirth:
majority being clinicians. Today, more than 100,000 bachelors degrees in APAs internal management group is
being rebuilt.
APA is diversifying and expanding,
demographically, intellectually and
internationally.
APA is thinking in new ways. One
exciting activity is the Memorandum
of Understanding between APA and
IBM Watson to study the creation of
new models of artificial intelligence for
behavioral health and psychology.
We are focusing efforts not only to
make our role in mental health stron-
ger, but also to build our presence and
impact all of health care. From seeking
inclusion in the definition of physician in
Medicare to helping shape new health-
care policy, APA will be at the table and
results will be achieved.
Let us celebrate our history and
BROWNIE HARRIS
6 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
Feedback
ON THE STAND
Having been trained by numerous judges to be a good witness,
I have one thing to add to your January article, Take the
Stand: In your testimony stick to the facts and, if asked,
how you arrive at your conclusions. Do not try to editorialize
or steer the judge to do what you think should happen. The
witnesss job is to state facts and conclusions, the judges job is
to render judgment about the case at hand. Whether theyre
The Doctor of Psychology in Clinical Psychology Program at Argosy University, Atlanta, Chicago, Hawaii,
told directly or indirectly, judges strongly dislike being told by Orange County, Phoenix, San Francisco Bay Area, Schaumburg, Tampa, Twin Cities and Northern
Virginia is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of the American Psychological Association
witnesses what determination they should make about a case. (APA). Questions related to the programs accredited status should be directed to the Commission on
Accreditation: Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation, American Psychological Association,
Damon Tempey, PhD 750 1st Street, NE, Washington DC 20002 Phone: (202) 336-5979 / E-mail: apaacred@apa.org / Web:
www.apa.org/ed/accreditation
Lebanon, Oregon
QPIC IMAGES/ ISTOCKPHOTO
Argosy University is accredited by the Senior College and University Commission of the Western Association
of Schools and Colleges (985 Atlantic Ave., Suite 100, Alameda, CA 94501, wascsenior.org). Programs,
credential levels, technology, and scheduling options are subject to change. Not all online programs
are available to residents of all U.S. states. Administrative office: Argosy University, 333 City Boulevard
West, Suite 1810, Orange, CA 92868 2017 Argosy University. All rights reserved. Our email address is
Please send letters to APA Monitor on Psychology Editor Sara Martin materialsreview@argosy.edu
at smartin@apa.org. Letters should be limited to 175 words and may be See auprograms.info for program duration, tuition, fees and other costs, median debt,
edited for space and clarity. salary data, alumni success, and other important information.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y M A R C H 2 0 1 7 7
AU-4024_PsyD_MonitrOnPsych-F1tm.indd 1 12/16/16 2:24 PM
The Wechsler family of tests you
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Modernize your practice with our
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Using the Wechsler tests on Q-interactive
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Coming 2017
improves engagement, increases efficiency,
and leads to better client outcomes.
Art Appreciation
W
hen evaluating art, laypeople are more likely much they liked 90 unfamiliar paintings. In the first,
to rate a painting highly when they believe participants who were told that a work had sold for a
that the work is worth a lot of money or lot of money rated it more highly than a control group
that other, high-status, people have deemed it good, that had no information about its monetary value. In
SYOLACAN/ISTOCKPHOTO
finds a study in Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity and the the second experiment, students who were told that art
Arts. In two experiments, researchers asked 187 under- curators or fellow students liked a painting also rated
graduates who had no prior art training to rate how it more highly compared with a control group.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y M A R C H 2 0 1 7 9
In Brief
BASHFUL KIDS
Shy children can face loneliness,
depression and difficulties in
school, but a good teacher-child
relationship may provide some
protection, suggests a study
of Chinese schoolchildren in
School Psychology Quarterly.
Researchers studied 1,275 third- in autonomy focused more on
through seventh-grade students presenting themselves well and
in Shanghai. They looked at less on supporting others in their
self-reports from the children, relationships, and that the lower
Teachers can
help protect peer reports, teacher ratings value they attached to grati-
shy children and school records to measure tude was linked to their goals in
from loneliness, the childrens shyness, popu- relationships.
depression and
difficulties in larity with peers, teacher-child
school. relationship quality, and aspects ABORTION AND
of school adjustment includ- MENTAL HEALTH
LEFT: TI-JA/ ISTOCKPHOTO; RIGHT: THE MACX/ ISTOCKPHOTO
SLEEPING IN
When high schools start later
in the morning, teens get
more sleepa change with
potential safety benefits, finds
a meta-analysis in the Jour-
nal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
Researchers analyzed 18 studies
and found that when comparing
students at schools with different
start times, students at schools
with those who were denied health registries, epidemiolog- that started up to an hour later
them because they were past the ical retrospective studies and got an average of 19 minutes
clinics gestational limit. Women prospective cohort studies. In more sleep per night than their
who had abortions did not expe- follow-up work, the researchers peers at earlier-starting schools.
rience more depression, anxiety, examined data from a cohort Teens benefit When schools started more
from an extra
low self-esteem or life dissat- study in New Zealand to inves- hour to sleep in, than 60 minutes later, students
isfaction than those who were tigate factors that helped predict a review finds. average sleep duration increased
denied them. In fact, women by 53 minutes. Later start times
who were denied the abortion were also associated with fewer
initially experienced more anx- car accidents and less daytime
iety and lower self-esteem, but sleepiness.
the differences evened out by
six months later, regardless of A GOOD READ
whether the women eventually Scientific papers arent typ-
received an abortion elsewhere or ically known for the quality
had the baby. of their prose, but a narrative
TOP: MARTIN-DM/ ISTOCKPHOTO; BOTTOM: CHONESS/ ISTOCKPHOTO
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201711
In Brief
WHO NEEDS
INTERVENTIONS?
A 45-minute test given at age 3
can predict which children will
grow up to consume a larger
share of societys resources, finds
an analysis in Nature Human
Behaviour. Researchers analyzed
data from a 35-year study of
more than 1,000 New Zea-
landers. They found that at age
38, one-fifth of participants
accounted for 81 percent of
criminal convictions, 78 percent
narrative elements were cited in FALSE MEMORIES of prescription drug use, 66
the literature more often, and the Up to half of people can be percent of welfare benefits, 57
higher-impact journals tended to convinced to believe in a false percent of hospital visits and
publish more narrative papers. childhood memory, according 40 percent of obesity in the
to a paper in Memory. Research- cohort. The researchers also
PILOT DEPRESSION ers recoded and analyzed eight found that a 45-minute test the
More than one in 10 airline studies in which false memo- Memory is participants had taken at age
pilots report symptoms of ries were suggested to a total of malleableup to 3which measured intelli-
half of adults can
depression and 4 percent have 423 participants. Thirty percent be convinced to gence, receptive language and
had recent suicidal thoughts, came to remember the ficti- believe in a false motor skills, restlessness and
finds a study in Environmental tious autobiographical event, autobiographical impulsivitycould predict who
memory.
Health. In an anonymous survey, such as taking a hot air balloon would end up in the high-cost
researchers asked more than ride or playing a prank on a group. Such a test could be used
1,848 airline pilots to complete a teacher, even going so far as to to figure out which children
depression self-assessment. They describe details of the memory. would benefit most from early
TOP: AD_DOWARD/ ISTOCKPHOTO; BOTTOM: ALUBALISH, OZGUR COSKUN/ ISTOCKPHOTO
found that 233 (12.6 percent) childhood interventions, the
met the depression threshold and researchers say.
75 (4.1 percent) reported sui-
cidal thoughts. Those who used HEAR WHAT?
sleep-aid medication and those Children as young as age 4
who had experienced harassment incorporate expectations and
were more likely to be depressed. background knowledge to help
The researchers suggest that them interpret ambiguous
pilot depression is underreported speech, finds research in Psycho-
and that many pilots go without logical Science. Researchers asked
treatment because airline rules 43 children to look at pictures of
require them to be grounded if two scenes, one plausible (my
they report symptoms andthey cat has three kittens) and one
fear it will hurt their careers. implausible (my cat has three
12 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
hammers) while a recorded successful. However, among the
speaker described either the heavy-drinking participants, gray
plausible or implausible scene. matter volume was decreased in
The children were asked to the anterior cingulate cortex and
choose which scene matched the in the right insula, suggesting that
sentence they heardwhich they heavy drinking could disrupt mat-
did accurately. In subsequent uration in the teen brain.
trials, the sentences describing
the plausible and implausi- PREGNANCY BRAIN
ble scenes were phonologically Pregnancy can cause long-last-
similar (I eat carrots and peas ing changes in womens brain
versus I eat carrots and bees). structure that may enhance the
If the speaker had described ALCOHOL AND TEENS mothers parenting skills, suggests
an implausible scene in earlier Heavy drinking during adoles- a study in Nature Neuroscience.
trials, the children were now cence is associated with changes Heavy drinking Researchers used MRI to scan
TOP: STURTI/ ISTOCKPHOTO; BOTTOM: HALFPOINTI/ ISTOCKPHOTO
more likely to correctly choose in brain structure, even in teens could disrupt brain the brains of 25 first-time moms
maturation in
the implausible scene when it without a diagnosed alcohol use teens. before their p
regnancies and again
matched the sentence (bees). disorder, suggests research in soon after they gave birth. In the
But if the speaker had described Addiction. Researchers used MRI post-pregnancy scan, the research-
a plausible scene earlier, the to image the brains of 65 partic- ers found significant reductions
children were now more likely ipants35 heavy drinkers and in gray matter volume in corti-
to choose the plausible scene 27 controlsthree times over 10 cal regions associated with social
even when it did not match the years. Participants were ages 13 cognition. Scans done two years
sentenceas if they were correct- to 18 when the study began, and later found the changes remained.
ing for mispronunciation by the none had a diagnosed alcohol use The researchers did not find any
speaker. disorder. All were academically changes related to the womens
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201713
In Brief
HEALTHY VALUES
Affluent teens fare better when
their parents emphasize kind-
ness and other prosocial values
at least as much as academic
achievement, finds a study in
the Journal of Youth and Adoles-
cence. Researchers studied 506
teens at a predominantly white,
upper-middle-class middle
school, asking them about their
perceptions of what their parents and lips are not flexible enough that human speech evolved due
value most, as well as about to do so. But in a new study, to changes in the brain, not the
parental criticism, psychologi- researchers used X-ray video to vocal anatomy.
cal symptoms and self-esteem. study the mouths and throats Monkeys could
The researchers also gathered of macaque monkeys, then used talk if only CAUSE OF DEATH
they had the
data on grade-point averages the video to build a computer brainpower to The death rate from drugs,
and teacher-reported classroom model of the monkeys vocal do so, a study alcohol and mental disorders
behavior.Children whose par- tract. Acoustic simulations with suggests. in the United States nearly
ents placed greater or the same the computer model indicate tripled from 1980 to 2014, but
level of emphasis on prosocial the vocal tract could produce there were substantial vari-
behavior as on achievement speech sounds, which suggests ations by geographic area,
had higher school perfor- finds a county-level analysis of
mance, higher self-esteem and death registration data from
fewer psychological symptoms the National Vital Statistics
than children whose parents System, published in JAMA.
placed greater emphasis on A total of 3,110 counties or
achievement. clusters of counties were exam-
TOP: KAREN MASSLER/ ISTOCKPHOTO; BOTTOM: 4FR/ ISTOCKPHOTO
14 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
Datapoint
RETIRED
PSYCHOLOGISTS: FIGURE 1
Psychologists Who
FIGURE 2
Hours Worked by
DO THEY REALLY Return to Work After Previously Retired
STOP WORKING? Retirement Psychologists
In 2013, about 24 percent of all Mean hours per week, by age
U.S. psychologists (those whose
< 50 40 hours
highest degree was a doctorate or
professional degree in psychology) 24 In 2013, % of psychologists*
5054 40
had previously retiredthats who had previously retired
approximately 53,000 retirees.1
Of these retired psychologists ... 5559 29
But 42 percent of them were
still working, and 1 percent were ... % not working ... % still working
6064 29
looking for work. Fifty-seven 57 42
percent were retired and not ... % looking for work: 1 6569 26
working. (Figure 1)
* Includes individuals whose highest degree is a doctoral
Of those psychologists who or professional degree in psychology > 69 21
were working after having retired,
80 percent were working in a
psychology-related field, and 45 FIGURE 3
percent were working 35 hours
or more per week. Psychologists
Psychologists Age at Full Retirement
worked fewer hours as they 48.2
became older. (Figure 2) 44.9
19.3
18.0 17.2
15.8 15.3 15.1
12.4 12.3
9.1
7.0
By Luona Lin, MPP, Karen Stamm, PhD, and Peggy Christidis, PhD
For more information, contactcws@apa.org.
BILL WEBSTER
National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. (2013). National Survey of College Graduates Public Use Microdata File and Codebook.
1
Retrieved from https://sestat.nsf.gov/datadownload/. Examples of retirement include mandatory retirement, early retirement or voluntary retirement. Respondents over age 75
were not included in this survey. The use of NSF data does not imply NSF endorsement of the research, research methods or conclusions contained in this report.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201715
News Feature
P
sychologist Arthur C. of the mental health systems he
Evans Jr., PhD, has has led. We look forward to Dr.
been named APAs chief Evans vision and inspirational
executive officer. Evans, who leadership skills to promote the
assumes the post on March 20, association as the pre-eminent
comes to APA after 12 years organization advancing psycho-
as commissioner of Philadel- logical science, education and
phias Department of Behavioral practice in the public interest,
Health and Intellectual dis- and supporting psychologists in
Ability Services, a $1.2 billion the United States and beyond.
health-care agency that is the Evans says he is honored to Dr. Arthur C.
behavioral health and intellectual be selected as APAs next CEO. Evans Jr. officially
takes the CEO
disabilities safety net for 1.5 mil- The American Psychological post on March 20.
lion Philadelphians. While there, Association has a long, distin-
he realigned the agencys treat- guished history of developing
ment philosophy, service-delivery the best psychological science
models and fiscal policies to and applying it to benefit society
improve health outcomes and and improve peoples lives. I
increase the efficiency of the hope to bring to this position not
system. only a passion for psychology,
His broad experience will be but the leadership experience to
a tremendous asset for APA, say help move the associationand
association leaders. Dr. Evans the disciplineinto the next era
will take the helm of the Amer- of excellence and contribution to
ican Psychological Association our society.
at a critical juncture, as we mark Evans holds a doctorate in
APAs 125-year anniversary, clinical/community psychology
says APA President Antonio E. from the University of Maryland
Puente, PhD. He is a trailblazer and a masters degree in experi-
who has relied on the strength of mental psychology from Florida
his background in both research Atlantic University, where he
MEL EVANS
16 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
Philadelphia, he was deputy
commissioner of the Connecti-
cut Department of Mental
Health and Addiction Services,
where he led major strategic
initiatives in the states behav-
ioral health-care system. He
also developed a thriving private
practice.
Evans is the author or
co-author of 40 peer-reviewed
research articles and of
numerous chapters, reviews and
editorials. He has served as an
associate clinical professor in the
department of psychiatry at Yale
University School of Medicine
and as a clinical associate at
the University of Pennsylvania
Perelman School of Medicine.
He has been recognized
nationally and internationally as
an innovative and effective pol-
icymaker. Among his numerous
awards, he was named by the
White House Office of National
Drug Control Policy as an
Advocate for Action in 2015. In
2013, he received the American
Medical Associations top gov-
ernment service award in health
care, the Dr. Nathan Davis
Award for Outstanding Govern-
ment Service, for his leadership
in transforming the Philadelphia
behavioral health system, partic-
ularly around the adoption of a
public health framework.
Evans will also serve as CEO
of the associations companion
organization, the APA Practice
Organization, which supports
and promotes the interests of
practicing psychologists. He
succeeds Norman B. Anderson,
PhD, who resigned at the end
of 2015. Cynthia D. Belar, PhD,
has been serving as interim
CEO since that time.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201717
Advocacy in Action
P
overty brings with it without simultaneously replacing the law
a heavy psychologi- with legislation that fully protects access
cal burden, according to care and coverage of mental health and
to a growing body of other essential benefits. So far, psycholo-
research. Socioeconomic gists have sent more than 7,000 messages
scarcity has been linked to Congress.
to such negative emotions as depression APA and the Practice Organization
and anxiety. We all have limited atten- also sent a letter to Speaker of the House
tion, which restricts how much we can Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) and Senate Majority
focus on at any one time. Low-income Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.)
people are forced to focus on daily expressing that many ACA provisions
stressors such as a lack of money or even have improved Americans access to
food, which can undermine their cog- health care and mental health treatment
nitive functioning and ability to make and noting that any future legislation
helpful decisions. And, as a new study should continue to include such key
by Cornell University psychologist Gary provisions as coverage of people with
Evans, PhD, finds, adults who grew up pre-existing conditions.
in impoverished families exhibit more In addition, as members of the
chronic physiological stress, more defi- Mental Health Liaison Groupa
Poor children exhibit more chronic stress
cits in short-term spatial memory, more and more feelings of helplessness than coalition of over 60 national orga-
feelings of helplessness and more anti- children of middle-income families. nizationsAPA and the Practice
social conductsuch as aggression and Organization sent a letter to U.S. House
bullyingthan those of middle-income Protecting
Medicaid and the and Senate leaders, asking them to
families (Proceedings of the National Affordable Care Act (ACA). A significant safeguard mental health parity, the ACA
Academy of Sciences, 2016). threat to economically disadvantaged and the recently enacted 21st Century
What this means is, if youre born Americans is the possibility of a repeal Cures Act, which includes mental health
poor, youre on a trajectory to have of the ACA, which has given health-care reform legislation.
more of these kinds of psychological coverage to over 15 million previously
problems, says Evans, a professor of uninsured Americans. A new report from Fighting for child nutrition. APA
environmental and developmental psy- the nonpartisan Congressional Budget has worked to oppose legislation that
chology at Cornell. Office found that if Congress repealed would eliminate free school meals
APA has long recognized the role the act, 18 million Americans would for economically disadvantaged chil-
that poverty plays in all aspects of health. lose their insurance in the first year, and dren. Specifically, the Improving Child
Now, in light of the agendas put forth by individual insurance premiums could Nutrition and Education Act of 2016
President Donald J. Trump and the 115th double in 10 years. On Jan. 6, APA and would have eliminated 7,000 of the
OLESIABILKEI/ ISTOCKPHOTO
Congress, the psychology organization is the Practice Organization urged their 18,000 low-income schools currently able
redoubling its advocacy for key policies Federal Action Network and Federal to provide free breakfast and lunch to all
that affect low-income Americans. The Advocacy Coordinators, respectively, their students through the Community
most recent efforts include: to tell Congress not to repeal the ACA Eligibility Provision. The bill would also
18 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
have weakened evidenced-based school Family and Medical Insurance Leave minimum wage to $8 an hour with an
nutrition standards for meals, snacks and (FAMILY) Act, recently re-introduced annual increase of $1 until it reaches $12.
beverages. If the legislation had been in the 115th Congress. It would create
enacted, many low-income children a national paid family and medical leave Speaking out against discrimination of
would no longer have had access to the insurance program that would enable unemployed people. Americans who have
nutritious meals they need for health and employees to earn paid leave for preg- been out of workespecially those who
learning. Thanks in part to advocacy by nancy, childbirth, serious health issues, or have been unemployed for six months or
APA and its coalition partners, the bill caring for a family member. longermay face discrimination arising
died in the 114th Congress. from the belief that poverty and unem-
Raising the minimum wage. The cur- ployment are personal moral failings,
Supporting paid family medical leave. rent federal minimum wage of $7.50 rather than a result of structural factors.
The United States is the only industri- an hour is not enough to lift a full-time APA has confronted that stigma by sup-
alized nation in the world that does not worker with a child above the poverty porting the Fair Employment Opportunity
guarantee paid family leave, and only 13 line. Research shows that even a modest Act (later incorporated into the Jobs! Jobs!
percent of U.S. workers have access to income increase for poor families leads Jobs! Act), which would prevent employers
paid family leave through their employ- to better long-term outcomes for their from discriminating against job seekers
ers. This leaves many Americans with children, including more education, less because of unemployment.
the painful choice of either taking care criminality, less substance abuse, and
of their newborn or paying their bills. In fewer emotional and behavioral disorders.
To participate in APAs public policy advocacy
an effort to better support all American Thats why APA has supported the Raise efforts, join the Federal Action Network at http://
families, APA strongly supports the the Wage Act, which would increase the cqrcengage.com/apapolicy/apaactionalerts.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201719
News Feature
O
ver the past decade, research had shrunk to just wrote Such a disproportion-
the National Insti- under 30 percent of the NIMH ate emphasis [on neuroscience]
tute of Mental Health portfolio. is as unwise an investment
(NIMH)the primary source of To raise awareness of the approach as a retirement port-
federal funding for mental health issue, APA held a briefing in folio made up only of high-risk
researchhas shifted many of its October for more than 100 investments.
research dollars from psychoso- congressional staff and federal What the scientists want to
cial and clinical research toward agency officials to discuss the NIMH make clear is the necessity of
neuroscience. Now, as Joshua benefits of a diverse NIMH FUNDING psychological science for NIMH
Gordon, MD, PhD, begins research portfolio. The NIMH budget to achieve its goals.
remained fairly flat
his tenure as the agencys new Overall, its a trend that many We are not advocating for
(from $1.42 to $1.45
director, psychologists and other psychologists and other social million) between psychological science as some
behavioral scientists are asking scientists find worrying. 2005 and 2014. kind of guild issue, or to protect
him to consider rebalancing the Basic research is very But some divisions our turf, says Bethany Teachman,
agencys more than $1.4 billion important and may lead to appli- saw an increase PhD, chair of the Coalition for
while others saw a
budget to increase support for cations in the future, but often the Advancement and Appli-
decrease:
psychosocial and clinical research. these applications take years or cation of Psychological Science
The request comes after a decades to reach, says Gordon Neuroscience and (CAAPS), an advocacy group for
decade of increased spending on Nagayama Hall, PhD, a profes- Basic Behavioral clinical science. To effectively
neuroscience. According to an sor of psychology and director Research reduce the burden of mental
agency review, between 2005 and of the Center on Diversity and +28% illness, its essential to recognize
2014, the budget for NIMHs Community at the University of the role of psychosocial, cultural
Translational
Division of Neuroscience and Oregon. Meanwhile, there are and behavioral research.
Research
Basic Behavioral Research urgent mental health needs of a For his part, Gordon, who
(which primarily funds neuro- nation, and particularly commu-
-12.8% was previously a psychiatry
science and genomics research) nities of color, that are not being Services and professor at Columbia Univer-
increased by 28 percent, while the addressed. Intervention sity and is the agencys first new
budget for its Division of Ser- Hall and other advocates are Research director in 13 years, says that he
vices and Intervention Research taking advantage of the agencys -16.7% does not foresee any immediate
decreased by 12.8 percent. change in leadership to make large changes in funding strategy,
In addition, an analysis by their case, in both public forums but hopes to spend his first year
Fordham University psychology and private conversations, on in the job hearing from those
professor Dean McKay, PhD, several intertwined issues. In doing research out in the field.
found that in 1997, funding was June, for example, 20 current and I want to get out there and
split nearly evenly between bio- former members of the agen- listen and learn, to figure out
medical and psychosocial studies, cys National Advisory Mental what are the questions that are
but that by 2015, psychosocial Health Council published an really affecting care delivery right
20 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
NIMH shifted funding
to neuroscience from
psychosocial and
clinical research in
the last 10 years.
now ... so that we can hit that discourage them from applying. issues in more conversations.
short-term pay dirt, he says. For example, three years ago, the He believes, for example, that
Among the concerns that agency changed its guidelines the experimental therapeutics
psychologists and others have for clinical trials to an experi- approach will help researchers
already shared with Gordon mental therapeutics approach, get more useful data out of even
about care delivery is a short- in which researchers must failed clinical trials. But, he says,
age of research on diversity and demonstrate that their inter- I need to learn more about why
mental health disparities in the vention works through an effect its more difficult [for psychoso-
NIMH portfolio. In December, on a specific molecular, cellu- cial interventions], and what we
Hall and two colleagues sent a lar, circuit or behavioral target. need to do at NIMH to make it
letter co-signed by 17 profes- Many researchers say that this more straightforward to figure
sional organizations, including approach is not always possible out what target youre trying to
three APA divisions, underscor- with psychosocial interventions. hit when you do a psychosocial
ing the importance of clinical It makes it very difficult for intervention. If we cant do that,
research with communities of researchers to submit propos- then yeah, we need to make
color and other underrepresented als, when something has a lot exceptions. But I think its too
groupswhich McKays analysis of promise, but doesnt fit the early to say it doesnt work.
found comprised less than 7 per- guidelines, says Patricia Aren, More broadly, he says, he
cent of the agencys grants. PhD, a professor of psychology is looking forward to more
For more on APAs
Other researchers are con- at the University of Washing- recent congressional
discussions with psychologists
cerned that aspects of the way ton who just finished a term on briefing on the and others to help figure out
benefits of a diverse
NIMH evaluates grant pro- the National Advisory Mental the ideal balance of research at
ILEXX/ ISTOCKPHOTO
research portfolio,
posals make it difficult for Health Council. go to www.apa. the agency. Thats an important
org/science/about/
psychosocial researchers to Gordon says that he would psa/2016/10/funding-
question to ask and a very, very
receive fundingand may even like to explore this and other priorities.aspx. challenging one to answer.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201721
News Feature
J
ust one year ago, Allen- Today, not only does Jackson of group and individual therapy
wood, Pennsylvania, inmate attend events outside his cell sessions, peer bonding, recreation,
Shawn Jackson, 41, would without restraints, but hes help- shared meals and work and other
not have been allowed to go ing fellow inmates work on the activities, with the aim of moving
anywhere outside his cell without behavioral problems that landed Thanks to a to less restrictive environments
handcuffs or leg restraints. them in prison.One of my goals new program, when they are well enough.
Shawn Jackson
Convicted at age 15 of is to be a role model, to help (pictured at Its a much richer, more
manslaughter and placed in a [my fellow inmates] overcome right) is no intensive experience than typical
high-security facility for juveniles, behavioral issues and mental longer strictly prison life, says Alison Leuke-
confined or
Jackson has since spent much illness issueswhatever the sit- restrained. feld, PhD, chief of the bureaus
of his time in maximum-secu- uation may be that theyre going mental health services, who
rity settings for other offenses through, Jackson says. oversees the programs.
including assaulting a correctional This remarkable turnaround
officer. With the added difficulty is the result of a bold experiment TAILORED PROGRAMS
of a serious mental illness, prison launched by the U.S. Bureau The units were created as a result
officials deemed it too dangerous of Prisons in 2013 for violent, of a class action lawsuit filed
to give him unrestricted access to mentally ill inmates who had in 2012 by inmates at the U.S.
staff or other inmates. previously been confined to Penitentiary, Administrative
Workgroup on Behavioral Health Last year, APA urged Congress to become involved in the criminal jus-
Issues in Criminal Justice, a coalition approve funding for 130 new psychology tice system, says APA Senior Policy
of 16 organizations that will work col- and mental health staff positions in the Associate Micah Haskell-Hoehl. We
laboratively on policy, research and U.S. Bureau of Prisons. Some of those need to ensure and sustain the best
practice issues related to the role of positions would be aimed specifically at outcomes for these individuals and for
behavioral health in criminal justice. improving restrictive housing conditions society.Tori DeAngelis
22 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
One of my goals is to be
a role model, to help [my
fellow inmates] overcome
behavioral issues and
mental illness issues.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201723
News Feature
Maximum Facility, a super- serve the larger institution.) many have had a lot of harm
max prison for male inmates in To oversee the 30 inmates at done to them, as well.
Florence, Colorado. In addition, the Allenwood site, for exam- Teamwork with other staff
audits initiated by the agency ple, psychologist and program membersespecially correc-
recommended expanding mental coordinator Maegan Males- tions staffis likewise a vital
health care services for mentally pini, PsyD, heads a staff that component of the program, says
ill inmates in restrictive housing. includes three licensed clinical psychologist Phil Magaletta,
In response, the bureaus exec- psychologists and two mas- PhD, the bureaus chief of clin-
utive staffalong with input ters-level mental health staff. ical education and workforce
from a number of disciplines Inmates at Atlanta and Allen- development. They tend to know
including correctional services, wood tend to have psychotic the inmates better than any-
psychology, health and oth- and mood disorders including one, and inmates are often more
ersworked to tailor programs schizophrenia, bipolar dis- comfortable communicating
that were successful in other order, major depression and with them than with treatment
prison settings to this popula- post-traumatic stress disorders, providers or other staff. As such,
tion. The first secure step-down while those at STAGES have they can and do provide valuable
program was launched at the personality disorders including feedback on inmates behavior,
U.S. Penitentiary in Atlanta in borderline personality disor- he says.
2013, followed by a STAGES der and antisocial personality Given the shared experience
program at the U.S. Penitentiary disorder. An inmates violent of 40-hour weeks working with
in Florence in 2014 and a secure behavior may or may not be difficult clientele, [mental health
step-down program at the U.S. related to his mental illness, staff and corrections officers]
Penitentiary in Allenwood in and many of these offenders learn its in their best interests
2015. have long-standing histories of to understand that theyre on
Due to the complexity trauma, further complicating the same team, he says. These
of inmates issues, each unit diagnosis and treatment plans. days, theyre also trained to learn
has an inmate-to-treatment Theyve certainly done a lot the basics of the others roles,
provider ratio of six to one. of harm to others in the course so communication tends to be
(By contrast, typical restricted of their lives, says Patti But- good, he adds.
environments receive men- terfield, PhD, deputy assistant A central focus of inmates
tal health services as needed director of the Bureau of Prisons activity time is group therapy
from psychologists who also re-entry services division, but sessions, where psychologists
24 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
and other treatment specialists effective at engaging partici- tick off the strategies that have
teach cognitive-behavioral and pants in the program, she says. helped him improve his own
other strategies to help inmates The Bureau of Prisons thoughts and actions: breathing
manage their mental illnesses, has been impressed by the deeply, using respectful words
regulate their emotions, develop programs success: At Allen- to make feelings and needs
social skills, and address thinking wood, for example, 18 of the known, helping others, and when
that can lead to violence and 30 participants had clear something upsets you, distract-
criminality, such as aggressive or conduct for the year, receiving ing yourself and thinking about
antisocial behavior. not a single incident report, something else.
Opportunities to address Malespini says. For a lot of I like to think of it this way:
these thinking errors come up them, thats never happened When you see that an accident is
regularly, allowing inmates to in their prison careers, she about to occur, before it happens,
practice their responses, says says.In fact, says Leukefeld, look ahead and get into another
Butterfield. Two inmates may the programs are becoming a lane, he says.
fight over who gets to use the key part of the bureaus plan Im still a work in progress,
telephone first, while another for providing mental health Jackson admits. But as a unit,
may lash out at his case man- treatment to inmates with were striving to get better. Its a
ager when he receives bad news. serious mental illness. climb up the mountain, but we
Inmates are taught how to ana- For his part, Jackson likes to can make it.
lyze the thought patterns that
led up to their reactions and to
consider more rational, prosocial
alternatives. Theres group input,
too, with inmates actively help-
YOUR
ing each other better understand
their problems.
Peers also assist through a
peer companion program that
NEW
enables inmates like Jackson,
who are working to recover, help
those who are not as far along.
These companions become
experts in the core therapy cur-
CAREER
riculum and use their skills to
support fellow inmates by meet-
ing regularly to talk, attending
HERE
activities with them, modeling
good behavioreven bunking
STARTS
with their companions if an
inmate has progressed suffi-
ciently to enable him to move
through the unit unrestricted, a
gradual process that entails gain-
ing sufficient skills, confidence
and trust with treatment staff,
Leukefeld explains. www.PsycCareers.com
TIERO/ ISTOCKPHOTO
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201725
News Feature
A
lmost 70 percent of that can reduce cigarette crav- (Cancer Epidemiology, Biomark-
U.S. smokers want to ings. Slow metabolizers, on the ers and Prevention, 2011) and
quit, according to a other hand, do just as well with smoke their first cigarette earlier
Centers for Disease Control and nicotine-replacement therapy each day, on average, than slow
Prevention survey, but each year (like a nicotine patch)a far less metabolizers do.
only a small percentage of those expensive medication that gener- Building on that work,
who try to kick the habit succeed. ally has fewer side effects. researchers began studying how
Even among smokers who are Now, researchers are working the nicotine metabolite ratio
prescribed a smoking- cessation to better understand the reward might affect smokers ability
medication, quit rates range from pathways in the brain that may to quit and reaction to smok-
just 7 percent to 30 percent, one underlie the differences between Even among ing-cessation medications.
review found. faster (sometimes called nor- In a randomized prospective
Researchers are working to mal) metabolizers and slower
smokers study published in 2015, Univer-
help health-care providers improve ones, and to move their findings who use a sity of Pennsylvania psychologist
those rates by figuring out which from the laboratory to clinicians smoking- Caryn Lerman, PhD, and Uni-
patients will respond best to which offices, where more patients can cessation versity of Toronto pharmacology
medications. Theyve found that benefit from them. medication, professor Rachel Tyndale, PhD,
a biomarker called the nicotine quit rates with Schnoll, Benowitz and
metabolite ratiomeasured by a FROM LIVER TO BRAIN other colleagues, assigned 1,246
simple blood or saliva testcan The nicotine metabolite ratio is
range smokers (662 slow metabolizers
help determine which of the two simply a measure of how quickly from just and 584 normal metabolizers)
main types of FDA-approved a persons body breaks down 7 percent to to receive either the nicotine
smoking-cessation medications nicotine. One of the primary 30 percent. patch, varenicline or a placebo
will work best for an individual drivers of that process is a liver treatment. Immediately after the
smoker. enzyme called CYP2A6. By look- treatment and at a six-month
Our goal is to understand ing at the ratio of a longer-lasting follow-up, they found that
how we can modify the use of CYP2A6 metabolite called normal metabolizers were much
existing medications in ways that cotinine to a shorter-lasting one more successful with varenicline
make them more effective, says called 3-hydroxycotinine, the (22 percent remained abstinent
Robert Schnoll, PhD, a psychol- nicotine metabolite ratio can after six months) than the patch
ogist and associate professor in indicate whether a person is a (13.6 percent). Among slow
the department of psychiatry at slower nicotine metabolizer or a metabolizers, however, there was
the University of Pennsylvania. faster one. no significant difference between
He and his colleagues have Neal Benowitz, MD, and the two treatments (The Lancet
found, for example, that people colleagues at the University of Respiratory Medicine, 2015).
whose bodies metabolize nico- California, San Francisco, and The researchers also found
tine more quickly do better on University of Toronto first devel- that slow metabolizers had more
varenicline, a dopamine agonist oped the nicotine metabolite side effects (including nausea,
26 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
had less response in the ventral
striatum, an area of the brain
related to reward, than those with
the normal gene (Biological Psy-
chiatry, 2016).
This is important because
it suggests that these smok-
ers have changed their brains in
a very specific way, not just by
smoking but by the interaction
of smoking and having a differ-
ent genotype, Stein says.
smokers that could affect behavior. normal and slow metabolizers in to give blood, and then the results
In one study, Eliot Stein, how the brain responded to the are reported back to your physi-
PhD, chief of the Neuroimaging game. But among smokers, those cian, he says. Thats the model
Research Branch at the National with the slow CYP2A6 variant we are looking to emulate.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201727
News Feature
W
hen the government government commission. research, training and imple-
of Colombia and the Not surprisingly, Colombi- mentation-dissemination center
rebel group known ans mental health has been an at the University of Los Andes
as the Revolutionary Armed enormous casualty of the war, that started as a collaboration
Forces of Colombia (FARC) with depression, anxiety and between Castro-Camacho,
finally reached a peace accord in trauma reactions at levels that Fabio Idrobo, PhD, also of the
November, it signaled the official arent yet completely determined University of Los Andes, and
end to a 52-year conflictthe but are likely extremely high, renowned U.S. psychologist
worlds longest-running civil war. says Leonidas Castro-Cama- David H. Barlow, PhD, founder
The five-decade war was marked cho, PhD, professor of clinical of the Center for Anxiety and
by widespread violence toward psychology at the University of Related Disorders at Boston
citizens, political tumult and Los Andes, one of the countrys A supporter of University. The center will act
the displacement of 6 million premier research institutes. Yet, the peace deal as a sister organization to the
signed between
peopleroughly an eighth of the he says, few psychologists or the Colombian Boston center, and will focus on
countrys population. But the end other mental health professionals government and evidence-based practices to treat
of the war is just the beginning of are adequately trained to treat the rebels of the the range of anxiety, depression,
Revolutionary
what promises to be a long road the nations high rates of anxiety, Armed Forces trauma and other mental health
ahead: the healing and reinte- depression, fear and trauma of Colombia in conditions triggered by conflict.
gration that Colombia needs to all of which are exacerbated by Bogota, Colombia, Many victims of the war
on Oct. 3, 2016. A
survive and thrive as a nation. social tensions, like those created final peace deal dont have just one mental
The war was the result of by resettling victims and former was signed on health problem, they have a
numerous groupsleft-wing combatants in the same under- Nov. 24. diversity of emotional prob-
guerrilla groups, most notably served areas of major cities. lems, Castro-Camacho says.
the FARC, as well as para- The situation resembles that He is currently conducting a
military groups and crime of the United States following randomized clinical trial with
syndicatesfighting for territory World War II, when thousands 100 participants who are vic-
and political influence. A par- of veterans were returning from tims of armed conflict, testing a
ticularly sought-after prize was the war, many with post-trau- cultural adaptation of Barlows
land used to grow coca, the prin- matic stress disorder, and there unified protocol for transdiag-
ciple ingredient in cocaine and a werent nearly enough qualified nostic treatment of emotional
major income source for various professionals to treat them, disorders. The protocol uses
FERNANDO VERGARA/ ASSOCIATED PRESS
28 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
as neuroticism. Partway into the
study, participants are showing
reduced anxiety and depression,
as well as more positive affect,
Castro-Camacho is finding.
As the center ramps up, it will
also adapt, test and disseminate
other protocols that have shown
evidence of success in other war-
torn countries, says Idrobo, who
is the centers science director.
In a related vein, a task force
of the Colombian College of
Psychologiststhe countrys
equivalent of APAis assisting
Colombias Ministry of Health
in setting the standards of core
competencies for psychologists
who work in war-affected set-
tings. The competencies pinpoint
the specific training psychologists
need in such areas as identify-
ing the psychological and social
problems of war victims, eval-
uating and diagnosing clients,
and designing and implementing
evidence-based programs to help
them. This is an opportunity to
develop the skills that psychol-
ogists need to really contribute
to the needs of the country,
Castro-Camacho says.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201729
News Feature
30 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
worse outcomes they have later theories and cognitive-behav- looking at them more in the eyes,
in life, but that healthy attach- ioral intervention strategies. taking them to the park more
ments can mitigate such effects. They tested it with 75 displaced often, and so on, says Moya.
In war-affected Colombia, mother-child pairs, randomizing The team eventually wants to
mothers have difficulty attaching half to the protocol and half to test and implement the inter-
with their children because they a control group. In addition to vention in 30 sites around the
themselves are so traumatized. helping mothers connect better country, he adds.
We have 800,000 children age 5 with their children, the 13-week If these kinds of tailored,
and under who are officially cat- intervention provided tools to evidence-based practices help
alogued as victims, Moya says. help the mothers address their citizens recover from war-
So, its a time bomb. own trauma, such as mindfulness related trauma, Idrobo hopes the
To help this population, the and breathing techniques. research will eventually contrib-
team sought input from Alicia The preliminary results are ute to the overall well-being of
Lieberman, PhD, who heads the encouraging. We found a sig- Colombiansnot just to war-
Child-Trauma Research Program nificant reduction in symptoms Learn more about related symptoms. Over time,
psychologists
at the University of California, of psychological trauma both in work on the world
Id like our center to address the
San Francisco. Together, the moms and their children, says stage from APAs psychological effects of climate
International Affairs
U.S. and Colombianresearchers Moya. In addition, the relation- Office at www.apa.
change, gender violence and
adapted a group intervention ships between the mothers and org/international other issues affecting our
and APAs Div. 52
developed by Lieberman that children are improving. Moms (International) at
populationto plan for the
integrates trauma and attachment are playing with their kids more, https://div52.org. future, he says.
2017 Independen
ATION IN PSYCHOLO
GY
Book-Based t
A Practitioners Guide to Telemental Health: How to Conduct
Legal, Ethical and Evidence-Based Telepractice (CE credits: 6)
Study Catalog
Emotion, Aging and Health (CE credits: 6)
Clinicians Corner Video On-Demand For a complete listing of all available CE programs, view our
Technology-Based Behavioral Addictions: The Good, the Bad, digital 2017 Independent Study catalog at www.apa.org/ed/ce.
and the Ugly (CE credits: 3)
Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the Treatment of
Continuing education from your Association
Substance Use Disorders (CE credits: 3)
. . . and more
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201731
[ THE POWER OF ]
U
niversity of California, children. Before that, by the time you being a parent from what we intuitively
Berkeley, psychol- had children yourself, youd had lots of know is importanthaving enough
ogy professor Alison experience in caring for your younger resources to be able to create a loving,
Gopnik, PhD, has siblings, cousins and other children. protected environmentto these very
spent nearly four Meanwhile, those same parents who small differences in the details of what
decades figuring out hadnt been taking care of children had parents do, like whether you co-sleep or
that children are inventive and omniv- been going to school and work. So, its dont co-sleep, or have your stroller fac-
orous learners, gaining the knowledge natural that when they became parents ing front or back. The data suggest that
they need through creative play as well they approached it the same as school or those small differences that middle-class
as simply observing the world around work: They worked to achieve a particular parents obsess about really dont make
them. During those same decades, outcome. The term parenting encapsu- any difference in the long run, and they
Gopnik has also watched the rise of par- lated that shift. shift attention away from the things that
enting culturein which parents search [Todays parenting cultural has] we do know scientifically are import-
for just the right parenting techniques to caused a lot of unnecessary anxiety and ant, like creating a secure and loving
ensure theyll raise successful adults. guilt for parents, and for children as well, environment.
But those two strainsthe science because it shifted the focus of
of learning and the culture of parent- You say that even if you could
ingare at odds with each other, says mold a child to come out the way
Gopnik. In her new book, The you wanted, it would defeat
Gardener and the Carpenter, the evolutionary significance of
she argues that parents should childhood. Why?
not aim to be carpenters who Human beings have a much
shape their children to turn longer childhood than any other
out in a particular way, but species. I argue in my book that
instead gardeners who create a such a long period gives us the
nurturing environment so that space for innovation.
their children can flourish in That innovation comes about
unpredictable ways. because there are individual
differences among children,
Where did parenting culture and also because children
come from, and why do you themselves are designed
believe its a problem? to think of the world in
Parenting became really new ways and to master
popular in the 1970s new tools. Childhood is all
when for the first time about having this protected
in human history, many period that allows individual
people who had never taken differences to develop [and
care of children before were having that is how the human species
ROD SEARCEY
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201733
Conversation
One of the analogies I make is to Childhood Study Center here at Berke- biology, neuroscience, politics, philoso-
growing potatoes. It might seem like the ley. But unfortunately, those models arent phyare absolutely essentially important
best thing farmers could do is to find influencing other schools. Instead, pre- to who we are and who we become. And
the right variety of potato thats going schools are under pressure to look more yet, historically those questions havent
to be the best, highest-yield potato, and like schools [for older children], and thats been taken seriously in the general intel-
then figure out how to give it the most going in exactly the wrong direction, from lectual and scientific worldand even in
fertilizer and the most pesticides and what we know from the science. psychology itself. Its getting better, but
get fields of [only] those potatoes. Thats If you want to think of an ideal context just like everything that traditionally has
kind of what the parenting culture is. But for children, it would probably mean more to do with women, children have been
one of the things that we know is that mud, livestock and relatives than we can really intellectually devalued.
if the environment changes, then those usually give our children in an urban set- So, thats really what I want to convey
kinds of monocultures are very fragile. ting. But if you dont have mud, livestock to the world at largejust how import-
You want something thats much more and relatives, then having a sandbox and ant the whole topic of children and our
diverse. So parenting is kind of like try- a guinea pig and an attentive preschool relationship to children is. How morally
ing to raise monoculture potatoes. teacher is probably the next best thing. deep, how complex it is, how much it
has to tell us about being human. And
Is there a good model for gardener Why is this area so important to you? how much the science itself over the last
schools to help children flourish? For my entire career, my sense of my 30 or 40 years has become an incredibly
We have some great models of how to vocation has been that our relationships productive, exciting, methodologically
support early childhood learning, like with children, on any objective measure complex, and intellectually challenging
the Reggio Emilia program or the Early that you can think ofevolutionary subject matter.
WORKSHOPS:
Thursday, Power Dynamics in Intimate and Sexual Relationships
March 23 Presenter: Marty Klein, PhD
practitioners and
scholars working in key FEES: $65 APA Members $80 Nonmembers
areas of professional
practice TO ATTEND:
Attend via live webcast or in LIVE WEBCAST: Visit http://apa.bizvision.com and select
person at the APA building Clinicians Corner Programs
All programs include three IN PERSON at the APA building (Washington, DC):
Call 1-800-374-2721, ext. 5991, option 3
CE credits
Visit www.apa.org/ed/ce for more CE opportunities.
34 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
Judicial Notebook
T
hree patientsVan Buren Adams, Olive Clark arbitration and concluded that the arbitration agree-
and Joe Paul Wellnerdied while residents of ments were not validly formed (Extendicare Homes,
Inc. v. Whisman, 2015). The facilities appealed to the
Kentucky nursing homes or rehabilitation cen-
Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case (Kindred
ters. Before they were admitted to a facility, each Nursing Centers Limited Partnership v. Clark, 2016).
patient designated a family member as his or her In a parallel development, a Center for Medicare
attorney-in-fact, authorizing them to make decisions on their and Medicaid Services (CMS) rule banning the use
behalf. At the time of their admissions, each attorney-in-fact of compulsory pre-dispute arbitration agreements
in nursing home contracts was to go into effect in
signed a document agreeing to resolve any disputes in private
November, but a federal judge granted a prelimi-
arbitration rather than in court. But after the patients deaths, nary injunction to delay the rule while challenges
each attorney-in-fact sued the facilities for negligence, statutory to its validity are resolved (American Health Care
violations and wrongful death. Each facility argued that the Association v. Burwell, 2016).
documents required the case to be resolved through arbitration. The pending case and CMS rule raise the issue
of consumer contracts that require arbitration and
Pre-dispute arbitration clauses are a popular consumers ability to understand and meaningfully
tool for companies desiring to limit their liability consent to waiving their right to raise claims in court.
in court. Under the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) Consumer arbitration mandates also raise questions
these clauses are valid, irrevocable, and enforceable. about how these issues affect the people admitted
The U.S. Supreme Court has repeatedly articu- to nursing homes and other long-term care facili-
lated a strong federal policy favoring arbitration of tiespeople who may be sick, disabled or dependent,
disputes, stating that the FAA pre-empts state laws and making decisions under significant stress. Other
that attempt to ban arbitration of certain claims and concerns raised by the CMS rule include unequal
routinely uphold pre-dispute arbitration agreements bargaining power, the potential for coercion, the
(for example, see AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, AT ISSUE possibility of inadequate explanation of the nature
2011). The court reinforced this policy in Marmet Do consumers and consequences of the agreement, and the inher-
understand the
Health Center, Inc. v. Brown (2012), holding that ent conflict of interest in the facility providing such
consequences of
the FAA prohibits a categorical ban on arbitration waiving their right explanations. Given the 1.4 million residents of nurs-
clauses in nursing home admission agreements. to arbitration? ing homes in the United States (National Center for
Despite these rulings, the Kentucky trial courts Health Statistics, 2014), dispute resolution processes
denied the nursing homes motions to dismiss the and procedures for ensuring the appropriate waiver of
lawsuits and compel arbitration; the facilities appealed. rights in this context have the potential for widespread
The Kentucky Supreme Court held that they would impact. Research by psychologists comparing litigation
not infer delegation of power to an attorney-in-fact to and arbitration and the contractual decision-making
ROMZICON/THE NOUN PROJECT
waive the right to trial without a clear and convincing and expectations of those admitted to long-term care
manifestation of the principals intention to do so. The will increase understanding of these decisions.
court found that none of the power-of-attorney docu-
ments involved in these cases demonstrated clear intent Judicial Notebook is a project of APA Div. 9 (Society for
to allow the attorney-in-fact to agree to pre-dispute the Psychological Study of Social Issues).
36 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
The 2012 APF Visionary Fund Grant
was indispensable. It allowed me to
expand my research on stigma to
military personnel, which is a group
in need of additional focus.
For more information about APF programs and how you can support the future of psychology,
please call (202) 336-5843 or visit www.apa.org/apf.
APF03
CE
devil is getting the best of me. is too harmful for him to have
He requests therapy to learn these thoughts, and from any
how to cope with his sexual sort of treatment that focuses
thinking about men, with the on changing ones sexual
eventual goal of removing orientation, which is neither
these thoughts.He feels scientific nor appropriate,
strongly that he can either says Najar, who is a clinical
remove these thoughts, regain health psychologist at the Bat-
his weight as self-protection tle Creek VA Medical Center
or endure spiritual conse- in Battle Creek, Michigan.
quences and lose his marital Judith Glassgold, PsyD,
CONTINUING EDUCATION relationship. chair of APAs 2009 Task Force
HOW SHOULD A PSYCHOLOGIST on Appropriate Therapeutic
ADVISE A HETEROSEXUAL MAN While this patient, Mr. Muoz, is Responses to Sexual Orien-
WHO HAS SEXUAL THOUGHTS a fictional example, the ethical tation, agrees, noting that
G
need to anticipate clinically can changeprioritizing his
abriel Muoz is a 62-year-old Mexican-American,
relevant religious conflicts and physical health, reducing
married, self-identified heterosexual male, who
be ready to help clients work stress, identifying conflicts,
has had bariatric surgery within the last year. In a
them through, he says. and getting rid of irrational
visit with his primary-care physician, he states that he has
For this case, the most thoughts, she says.
experienced sexual thoughts about men, some of which
obvious guidance for psy- Practitioners also need
he has acted on, during his marriage. He reports that
chologists comes from the to be competent, both in
he gained weight prior to surgery in an attempt to be
APAs Ethics Code Principle understanding the science
less sexual. Now that he has begun to lose weight and
A: Beneficence and Non- and approaches to helping
feel better about himself physically, he is finding sexual
maleficence, which instructs someone address his or her
thoughts of men returning. He clearly describes his
psychologists to only do things sexual orientation, as well as
thoughts as the devils work, indicating that his pastor
that are of benefit to their in the psychology of religion
has worked me through this before, but now I feel the
patients, and have little or no and faith, says Glassgold, who
risk of harm, a concept also is a visiting research scholar at
CE credits: 1 addressed in Standard 3.04: the Center for Health and Well-
Learning objectives: After reading this article, Avoiding Harm. being at the Woodrow Wilson
CE candidates will be able to: However, says APA Ethics School of Public and Inter-
1 . Identify the Ethical Principles and Ethics Code Standards involved Committee member Nicole national Affairs at Princeton
in helping religious clients address sexual orientation concerns. Najar, PsyD, in Mr. Muozs University.
2. Describe interventions that may help clients dealing with case, there is no simple
SOUMEN NATH/ ISTOCKPHOTO
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201739
CE Corner
Najar says she would first work EXPLORING clients case, we have to honestly
with Mr. Muoz to address the RELIGIOUS BELIEFS address the fact that his cultural/
connection hes made between After some short-term work with religious beliefs are linked to anx-
his weight loss/gain and sexu- this patient to ensure his physical iety and depression.
ality. Id want to unmarry these health is stabilized, Najar and It may make sense to first
two because we need to focus Kelly say they would then refer develop a greater understand-
on making sure that this client this patient for additional consul- ing of this clients religion, in
is successful in maintaining tation with a psychologist who partnership with him, Anderson
his weight loss, she says. She not only specializes in people says. Latinos are predominantly
suggests using Acceptance and questioning their sexuality, but Roman Catholic, but the use of
Commitment Therapy (ACT) to also has training and experience the concept of the devil suggests
work with him on identifying how in working with religious clients in perhaps he is evangelical or Pen-
his thoughts about his weight ABOUT CE order to be in line with Standards tecostal, he says. I also think his
and his sexual attraction are CE Corner is 2.01: Boundaries of Competence guilt and shame about breaching
a continuing
intertwined, and then help him and 2.04: Bases for Scientific his marriageand the possibility
education article
figure out which are thoughts and offered by the APA
and Professional Judgments. that he may feel he has betrayed
which are behaviors, and focus Office of CE in Its clear in this case that there his wife or even duped her if
their discussions on his control Psychology. are some religious beliefs sur- those feelings go back before his
over behavior, independent of his rounding sexual attraction that are marriage are important elements
To earn CE credit,
thoughts. working at cross purposes with this of the situation.
after you read this
Empowerment comes in iden- article, purchase
clients mental and physical health, While some psychologists may
tifying a behavior as controllable the online exam at says Johnson, and his beliefs need feel more comfortable referring
and removing the power from the www.apa.org/ed/ to be addressed sensitively. This Mr. Muozs case to a member
thoughts or attempts to control ce/resources/ce- work should be guided by the of the clergy or mental health
corner.aspx.
the thinking, Najar says. The APA Ethics Codes Principle E: professional with expertise in
Upon successful
purpose of unpairing [his sexual completion of
Respect for Peoples Rights and integrating a clients religious
thoughts and weight thoughts is the testa score Dignity, which promotes practi- worldview into psychotherapy,
to help him] maintain a healthy of 75 percent or tioners awareness of and respect Johnson says that psychologists
weight regardless of his process higheryou can for cultural, individual and role have some ethical obligation to
immediately print
with his sexuality. differences, including those based be thoughtful about such refer-
your CE certificate.
Jennifer Kelly, PhD, a clinical on age, gender, gender identity, rals. A poorly considered referral
health psychologist at the Atlanta The test fee is race, ethnicity, culture, national might perpetuate or even exacer-
Center for Behavioral Medicine, $25 for members origin, religion, sexual orientation, bate the clients distress. Instead,
agrees, noting that she would and $35 for disability, language and socioeco- he advocates for competent
nonmembers.
also recommend that Mr. Muoz nomic status and consideration of clinicians to consider conduct-
For more
enroll in an aftercare program information, call
these factors when working with ingwith informed consenta
designed to help him obtain and (800) 374-2721. members of such groups. respectful exploration of beliefs
maintain weight loss after surgery, Unfortunately, says Johnson, and behavior with this client,
as well as deal with any weight- some practitioners interpret including a supportive discussion
loss challenges postsurgery. respect to require hands-off of the ways his interpretation of
Addressing issues regard- avoidance. Religion and other cul- scripture or beliefs about God are
ing protection versus risk in tural variables can make otherwise entwined with his current psycho-
this clients sexual behavior is effective practitioners timid, even logical distress.
also important, says Clinton immobilized, he says, adding Johnson also says that if
Anderson, PhD, acting executive that it is important to balance the the client is reluctant to speak
director of APAs Public Interest principles of respect and benefi- with a local clergy member (for
Directorate and Lesbian, Gay, cence. Remember that culturally fear of people in his community
Bisexual and Transgender Con- competent confrontation can be finding out about his feelings), a
cerns Office. executed quite respectfully. In this psychologist might recommend a
40 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
this works, Milln says. The
work here isnt to remove those
thoughts from his mind. Its really
to help him come to terms with
themthat is, to understand how
they came to be, what they mean
for him and work them through
enough to integrate them into an
identity that makes sense for him.
Glassgold notes that in these
types of cases it can also be help-
ful to share information with the
patient on the scientific basis of
ADDITIONAL homosexuality and sexual attrac-
READING tion, pointing to research showing
that it is thought to be primarily
APA Guidelines biological.
for Psychological
Identity exploration is a key
In this case there are some religious Practice with
Transgender element in treatment, and Mr.
beliefs surrounding sexual attraction that and Gender Muoz may benefit from explor-
are working at cross purposes with this Nonconforming ing his sexual orientation and
clients mental and physical health. People faith in an environment of affir-
2015
mation and acceptance, being
APA Guidelines able to talk about it and accept
pastor that the client could email PhD,vice-chair of the APA Ethics for Psychological all of himself can be a crucial
or telephone to clarify some of Committee and a psychology Practice With part of his treatment, she says.
his concerns, or provide him with professor at SUNY Old Westbury, Lesbian, Gay, Then a clinician can move on to
and Bisexual
some recommended reading. who specializes in cross-cultural Clients helping the client discover what
There are a lot of different and diversity issues. 2012 feels the most authentic to him.
ways Id try and open the door Milln says hed work with Mr. He may decide that his faith and
for this client to explore his own Muoz to explore what may be Report of the his marriage are most important
cultural beliefs about sexual behind these thoughts and what APA Task Force and provide him with the most
on Appropriate
attraction; I am concerned there they mean for him. Hed also Therapeutic fulfillment, or he may decide that
might be some selective interpre- play out some of the worst-case Responses to he wants to explore an alternative
tation of religious scripture going scenarios that might be running Sexual Christian faith, one that is more
on for this man, Johnson says. through the patients mind if he Orientation accepting of same-sex attractions
2009
If a referral appears appropriate, ever acted on such thoughts and same-sex relationships.
Id like to be able to recommend such as that hed lose his family These are all decisions Mr.
some clergy or pastoral practi- or be excommunicated from the Muoz has to face, and its good
tioners who are likely to be as church. Such a discussion could for him to go through that in an
concerned as I about ameliorating help the client figure out how environment where he does not
the clients emotional pain. reasonable they may or may not feel pressured to any particular
be and begin a process of sorting outcome, consistent with the
IDENTITY EXPLORATION out his options. ethical principle of autonomy and
STEVANO VICIGOR/ ISTOCKPHOTO
No matter what evidence-based The fantasy of many patients self-determination, she says.
treatment is pursued in this is that were going to give them
case, whats most important is a pill or other type of treatment
To directly access the citations in
for clinicians to allow for patient to make it all go away, when this article, go to our digital edition at
autonomy, says Fred Milln, obviously thats not the way www.apa.org/monitor/digital.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201741
(DIS)CON
42 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
NECTED
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201743
Cover Story
A
She followed 83 college
students for a week and found
that students who were more
attuned to their nighttime phone
notifications had poorer sub-
APPLE INTRODUCED its iPhone in 2007 and the world has never jective sleep quality and greater
been the same. Though the iPhone wasnt the first internet-enabled self-reported sleep problems
(Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2016).
smartphone, its touchscreen technology and built-in app library
While smartphones are often
made it the first to gain mass-market appealand it sparked a rev- touted as productivity-boosting
olution. Now, wireless mobile devices have found their way into devices, their ability to interfere
with sleep can have the oppo-
millions of pockets, functioning not just as phones but as internet
site effect on getting things
browsers, messaging services, calendars, cameras, alarm clocks, road done. Russell E. Johnson, PhD,
maps and video players. By 2015, 72 percent of U.S. adults reported a professor of management at
Michigan State University, and
owning a smartphone, according to a study by the Pew Research
colleagues surveyed workers
Center (Pew, 2016). Smartphones undoubtedly make our lives from a variety of professions.
easier, says Elizabeth Dunn, PhD, a psychology professor at the The researchers found that when
people used smartphones at
University of British Columbia, who studies the ways that mobile
night for work-related pur-
technology can support or undermine well-being. Having the poses, they reported that they
entire store of human knowledge at our fingertips is pretty useful, slept more poorly and were less
engaged at work the next day.
she quips. But there may be trade-offs for that convenience. Mobile
Those negative effects were
technology also has the power to negatively influence our health and greater for smartphone users
than for people who used lap-
happiness, she says. Our lab behavior and our functioning tops or tablets right before bed
has gone looking for pros, but in has not crystallized into broad (Organizational Behavior and
general we keep finding cons. conclusions, in part because its Human Decision Processes, 2014).
At their worst, research all happened so fast, says Karla One explanation for the
finds smartphones can mess Klein Murdock, PhD, a psy- smartphones interference with
with our sleep, stress us out and chology professor who heads the sleep is the blue light that
monopolize our attention. But Technology and Health Lab at smartphones and other tech
psychology may hold the key Washington and Lee University. devices emit. Such light affects
to helping people take control The technology is constantly the production of the sleep-
of this technology to prevent changing. Its hard to quantify regulating hormone melatonin.
such negative effects and even the important aspects of smart- But laptops and tablets also emit
enhance our well-being. Tech phone use when the qualitative blue light, suggesting other fac-
developers arent in the business aspects are changing all the tors are at play.
of promoting well-being, Dunn time, she says. Smartphones are even more
says, but that does fall under the Nevertheless, some patterns portable than laptops or tablets,
purview of psychology. I think are emerging. Some of the most and are all too easy to bring
we need to devote a lot more established evidence centers into bed, notes Murdock. In
attention to this, she says. around sleep. I think we have a fact, many people use them as
critical mass of research [indi- alarms and keep them within
SLEEP STEALERS cating] that cellphone use at arms reach all night. Reading a
So far, research on the effects nighttime is best avoided, says text or email at bedtime can stir
of smartphone use on our Murdock. your emotions or set your mind
44 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
buzzing with things you need to
get done. Your mind becomes
activated at a time when its
really important to settle and
have some peace, she says.
Even after the lights go out,
it can be hard to resist the lure
of your phone. Sue K. Adams,
PhD, and Tiffani Kissler, PhD,
at the University of Rhode
Island, asked college students
to keep sleep diaries for a week.
They found that 40 percent of
the students reported waking
at night to answer phone calls,
and 47 percent woke to answer
text messages. Students who
were more likely to use technol-
ogy after theyd gone to sleep
reported poorer sleep quality,
which in turn predicted symp- ONE STUDY FOUND THAT 40 PERCENT OF
toms of anxiety and depression STUDENTS REPORTED WAKING AT NIGHT
(CyberPsychology, Behavior and
Social Networking, 2013).
TO ANSWER PHONE CALLS, AND 47 PERCENT
WOKE TO ANSWER TEXT MESSAGES.
THE FOMO PHENOMENON
Anxiety and smartphone use
seem to often go hand in hand, phone users showed increased People of all generations seem
says Larry Rosen, PhD, a pro- anxiety after just 10 phone-free to have succumbed to the phe-
fessor emeritus of psychology minutes, and unlike the mod- nomenon known as FOMO, or
at California State University, erate users, their anxiety levels fear of missing out, on experi-
Dominguez Hills, who has stud- continued to climb throughout ences and information that other
ied the psychology of technology the hour (Computers in Human people are involved in at any
for more than 35 years. In one Behavior, 2014). given moment. We have created
study exploring this idea, he and Rosen has found that younger a system where we feel com-
his colleagues took phones away generations are particularly likely pelled to check in all the time,
from college students for an hour to feel anxious if they cant check Rosen says.
and tested their anxiety levels at their text messages, social media Constant contact with the
various intervals. and other mobile technology digital world isnt necessarily
Light users of smartphones regularly. But people of all ages healthy or helpful, however. In the
didnt show any increasing have a close relationship with same study in which he reported
anxiety as they sat idly without their phones. He found 76 per- how frequently people checked
their phones. Moderate users cent of baby boomers reported their phones, Rosen and his col-
began showing signs of increased checking voicemail moderately leagues explored the relationships
anxiety after about 25 minutes often or very often, and 73 between technology-related atti-
MARIO GUTI/ ISTOCKPHOTO
without their phones, but their percent reported checking text tudes and a variety of mood and
anxiety held steady at that mod- messages moderately or very personality disorders. They found
erately increased level for the often (Computers in Human numerous links. Some were
rest of the hourlong study. Heavy Behavior, 2013). positivehaving more Facebook
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201745
Cover Story
friends combined with frequent one week, the participants were social media updates. During
phone conversations predicted free to check their email contin- one week, the participants were
fewer signs of depression, for ually throughout the day. During asked to keep their phones
instance. But many others were When you scroll the other, they were limited to within reach and turn on all
negative. For example, anxi- through Facebook checking email messages (both notifications. During the other,
instead of talking
ety about not checking in with to someone face- work and personal) just three participants were asked to turn
text messages and Facebook to-face, you can times per day. Participants notifications off and keep their
predicted symptoms of major lose the benefits of reported less daily stress phones tucked out of sight. At
human interaction.
depression, dysthymia and bipo- during the week when their the end of each week, partici-
lar mania. email access was limited. That pants completed questionnaires
Dunn has also studied the reduced stress was associated to measure attention. During the
effect of being perpetually with positive outcomes includ- week of notifications, partici-
engaged with ones phone. On ing greater mindfulness, greater pants reported greater levels of
the bright side, her research self-perceived productivity and inattention and hyperactivity
suggests that tweaking the way better sleep quality (Computers in compared with their alert-free
you interact with technology can Human Behavior, 2015). week (Proceedings of the 2016
FRANCK REPORTER/ ISTOCKPHOTO
make a difference to your health. In a similar two-week study, CHI Conference on Human Factors
In one study, she and her for- Dunn and Kushlev looked at in Computing Systems, 2016).
mer doctoral student Kostadin smartphone notificationsthe Those feelings of inatten-
Kushlev, PhD, followed 124 beeps and buzzes that alert users tion and hyperactivity were
adults over two weeks. During about incoming texts, emails and directly associated with lower
46 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
levels of productivity, social the emotional boost that comes real-life behavior.
connectedness and psychological with them, she says. For instance, Kross says, its
well-being, Dunn found. Theres Then again, much of the time been shown that people with
a domino effect from having we spend on our mobile devices depression receive less sup-
your attention scattered by fre- is devoted to social networking, port from their real-life social
quent interruptions, she says. which allows us to connect with networks, and they accurately
others through platforms such as perceive themselves as lacking
REAL-LIFE CONNECTIONS Facebook or Twitter. Yet digital FURTHER in support. But he and Jiyoung
Unfortunately, turning notifi- networking isnt quite the same Park, PhD, at the University of
READING
cations off can be easier said as connecting in real life. Massachusetts, Amherst, and
than done, especially in our Ethan Kross, PhD, a professor Do Online Social colleagues have shown that in
FOMO culture. After all, it can of psychology at the University Network Sites the digital world, people with
be very rewarding to use your of Michigan, studies social media Make Us Happy? depression actually receive more
A Critical Review
phone, Murdock points out. Its and well-being. Hes found that support from their Facebook
Verduyn, P.,
designed to feel good in your when people use social network Ybarra, O., friends than do people without
hand. It provides a sense of sites passivelyscrolling through Jonides, J., depression. Yet they inaccu-
security that you can access the their Facebook newsfeed, reading & Kross, E. rately believe they are receiving
information you need, when you other peoples posts, consuming Social Issues and less support from their digital
Policy Review,
need it. When you use it, youre informationthey report lower connections (Journal of Affective
in press
often getting valuable informa- levels of well-being. When peo- Disorders, 2016).
tion or connecting with someone ple use Facebook passively, they The Distracted That finding sets the stage
you care about. Its reinforcing feel worse from one moment to Mind: for interventions that could help
at almost every level, she says. the next, he says. Ancient Brains people tap into the support avail-
in a High-Tech
One concern among experts Thats in contrast to active able to them on social media,
World
is that the smartphones rein- users, who produce and upload Gazzaley, A., & Kross says. Im optimistic these
forcing qualities might train information, engage in conver- Rosen, L.D. networks could be harnessed to
people to favor their phones over sation and comment on others MIT Press, 2016 improve well-being.
important people and events in posts. Such active use does
Is Facebook
their lives. The technology is so not appear to harm subjective TAKE BACK CONTROL
Creating
phenomenal, its not surprising it well-being, he says, though the iDisorders? Indeed, smartphone use isnt
causes us to be distracted all the research so far is split on whether The Link Between inherently bad. Smartphones can
timebut were missing out on active use actually promotes Clinical Symptoms help increase feelings of belong-
the real world, Rosen says. well-being or is simply neutral, of Psychiatric ing and closeness with friends.
Disorders and
And real-world interactions as Kross describes in a recent For example, Kate Magsamen-
Technology Use,
are extremely important for our review (Social Issues and Policy Attitudes and Conrad, PhD, at Bowling Green
social species. Real, face-to-face Review, in press). Anxiety State University, and colleagues
interactions are very much asso- The difference, Kross says, is Rosen, L.D., found that among people who
ciated with emotional benefits, that merely consuming social Whaling, K., tend to be private and withhold
Rab, S., Carrier, L.M.,
Dunn says. Conversations by media often provokes people to personal information, technology
& Cheever, N.A.
phone or video can also be posi- make social comparisons, which Computers in Human can help them foster interpersonal
tive. But when you scroll through can lead to feelings of envy. Behavior, 2013 relationships and increase their
Facebook instead of chatting with Actively participating in social overall well-being (Computers in
your seatmate on a train, or check media, on the other hand, seems Human Behavior, 2014).
out Instagram instead of talking to stimulate feelings of social But with technology, as with
to your spouse at dinner, you connectedness. so many things, moderation is
can lose out on the benefits of But the relationship between key. Its about getting the best
genuine human interaction. You social media and emotional from the technology, but at the
might be missing easy opportu- well-being is complex and same time making sure its not
nities for social connection and doesnt always map neatly onto controlling you, Rosen says. Its
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201747
Cover Story
time to take back control. related technologies. We hope and withhold alerts about
That control can come from people from across APA, from social media updates and other
various quarters. People can take all divisions, will be involved, nontime-sensitive information.
steps to minimize the pitfalls says Don Grant, PhD, a media We didnt evolve to be con-
of smartphone use. (See sidebar psychologist in Santa Monica, stantly battered by notifications.
below.) Psychologists, too, can California, who chairs the In smartphones weve totally
play a role, both by studying committee. changed the way we do every-
technology and by providing Dunn is also hopeful that thing in eight years, Dunn says.
support to clients who have technology developers will take a Yet psychology can help
trouble disconnecting. APAs proactive approach, such as creat- improve technology, she says
Div. 46 (Society for Media ing programs that make it easier tech companies have already
Psychology and Technology) to control what notifications users begun sending representatives to
has established a new Device receive, and when. She imagines psychology conferences to learn
Management Committee that sensors that could detect when a from that research. The compa-
will focus on issues related to person is out to dinner or playing nies are listening, she says, but
healthy use of smartphones and with their children, for example, we need to be talking.
connection. That sense of responsibil- its time for bed, turn your phone off turn off notifications and place your
ity to be on call 24 hours a day comes and place it in another room. phone out of reach. Kirsten Weir
48 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
RENEW
Your 2017 APA Membership Today
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201751
Brighter Futures for Anxious Kids
52 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
Albano, PhD, director of the
Columbia University Clinic for
Anxiety and Related Disorders.
When parents are doing a lot of
negotiating to remove anything
that upsets the child, that child is
at greater risk of anxiety.
Kenneth Rubin, PhD, a psy-
chologist and founding director
of the Center for Children,
Relationships and Culture at
the University of Maryland, and
colleagues have shown how such
parental behaviors can combine
with child temperament factors
to increase anxiety. In a highly
regarded longitudinal study, he
and his colleagues found that
behaviorally inhibited toddlers
were more likely to become
socially wary preschoolers if their
mothers were intrusive (Child
OFTEN PARENTS, TEACHERS AND EVEN SOME Development, 2002). In the lab,
HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS DONT REALIZE he watched those parents intrude
THE SEVERITY OF A CHILDS ANXIETY OR in their childrens play, often
smothering them with hugs and
RECOGNIZE THAT IT SHOULD BE TREATED. kisses to a degree that prevented
the kids from exploring their
environment and engaging in
with anxiety are at elevated risk, shows can make symptoms age-appropriate play. It was like
Ginsburg says. persist and worsen. Often, that they were covered in warm bub-
While genes likely have behavior comes from a place ble wrap, he says.
something to do with that link, of good intention. When you
anxious parents are also more see your child frightened, your A DOSE OF PREVENTION
likely to model fearful behav- natural instinct as a parent is to While parental behavior cer-
iors for their children, Ginsburg protect them and reassure and tainly isnt the only factor that
explains. Parents can interact comfort them, Ginsburg says. contributes to a childs anxiety,
with kids in ways that increase or But sometimes, parents go its a useful one to target. Paren-
decrease their anxiety, she says: too far in trying to protect a tal anxiety and accommodating
Consider the difference between child from any situation that behaviors can be treated and
a parent who says, Dont forget might provoke anxietynever changed. Furthermore, because
the bug spray, versus the one leaving them with a babysit- anxiety runs in families, its
who yells, Dont go outside, ter, for example, or constantly relatively easy to identify which
theres a mosquito! Youll get getting involved with a childs children might be at a greater
Zika virus! teacher in an attempt to make risk of developing the disorders.
MACTRUNK/ISTOCKPHOTO
Even if parents dont model the childs life stress free. In such With that in mind, Gins-
anxious behaviors, they can cases, the child never develops burg and colleagues tested a
inadvertently accommodate their the skills to overcome challenges, family-based model aimed at
childs anxiety, which research says psychologist Anne Marie preventing the onset of anxiety
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201753
Brighter Futures for Anxious Kids
support and encourage their anx- socially debilitating for a child. tive-behavioral therapy (CBT),
ious children in healthy ways. Children need to interact with a combination of the two or a
The study is ongoing, but a other children to become socially pill placebo. About 60 percent of
preliminary evaluation found cognitively aware, he says. children who received sertraline
54 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
alone or CBT alone showed focus of her research is trying to relapse, Ginsburg says. Tran-
significant improvement, com- pinpoint individual differences, sition points, such as starting
pared with about 20 percent of such as which children might be middle school, are known to be
the placebo group. And about 80 more responsive to medications, FURTHER problematic for anxious children.
percent of children who received or whether a particular child is READING So psychotherapists, for example,
the combination therapy had a more likely to benefit from indi- The Burden of
could do more to prepare kids to
significant reduction in anxiety vidual therapy or a family-based Anxiety Disorders anticipate and prepare for those
symptoms (NEJM, 2008). intervention. There are proba- in Pediatric upsets. In dentistry, we go for a
While those improvements bly certain children and families Medical Settings: checkup every six months. We
were encouraging, Ginsburg says, that will do better in one type of Prevalence, have well baby checkups for
Phenomenology,
only 46 percent to 68 percent of approach than another, she says. and a Research
kids. We dont do that in mental
participants receiving combina- Meanwhile, theres room for Agenda health, and I dont think that
tion therapy achieved remission new treatments and new combi- Ramsawh, H.J., serves the families that need it,
during the study, depending on nations of treatments, Silverman Chavira, D.A., & Ginsburg says. Waiting until
the measure used (Journal of adds. In one effort to identify Stein, M.B. theres a crisis and then going for
Archives of Pediatric
Consulting and Clinical Psychol- such therapies, shes testing an Adolescent
help is problematic.
ogy, 2011). And in a naturalistic intervention known as attention- Medicine, 2010 Albano adds that psycholo-
follow-up six years later, nearly bias modification training in gists must ensure that children
half of the children who initially children and adolescents. The Naturalistic are receiving evidence-based
responded to treatment during approach builds on the evidence Follow-up of treatments specific to anxiety. A
Youths Treated for
CAMS had relapsed (JAMA that adults and kids with anxiety Pediatric Anxiety
lot of times we see kids who have
Psychiatry, 2014). are overly attuned to potentially Disorders been in therapy for several years,
But from the glass-half-full threatening stimuli in their envi- Ginsburg, G.S., but issues like school functioning
perspective, about half of the ronments, such as angry faces. Becker, E.M., or family functioning have taken
sample was in remission six years Silverman is testing a game- Keeton, C.P., et al. the focus, and anxiety was never
JAMA Psychiatry,
later. Those who responded well like computer-based training 2014
directly addressed. Kids should
to their initial treatment during program that helps kids learn to be getting the direct CBT-
CAMS were significantly more ignore threatening stimuli and Stepping Toward based intervention to deal with
likely to be in remission, and focus instead on neutral stimuli. Making Less More that anxiety, she says. Im not
have lower anxiety symptoms Research is also needed to for Concerning slamming other forms of psy-
Anxiety in Children
and higher functioning six years figure out how best to combine and Adolescents
chotherapy. Rather, psychologists
later, regardless of the type of and sequence possible treatments, Silverman, W.K., have to partner with one another
treatment they initially received. Silverman adds. For instance, Pettit, J.W., & to help kids with anxiety.
(Children who received placebo should attention-bias modifica- Lebowitz, E.R. Albano also urges her fellow
were later offered treatment, so tion be done before CBT? At the Clinical Psychology clinicians to think beyond their
Science and
a placebo group wasnt evaluated same time? Or only after other Practice, 2016
offices to figure out how best to
in the follow-up study.) treatments have failed? You can help children. As psychologists,
Those results suggest that have all these different permu- Remission After we have to think out of the box
interventions to treat childhood tations, she says. The idea is to Acute Treatment and go where the kids are, she
anxiety can have lasting effects. develop a few evidence-based in Children and says. That could mean reaching
Adolescents With
Still, Ginsburg says, more work treatments, refine them and Anxiety Disorders:
out to schools or afterschool
is needed to figure out how to figure out which children would Findings From the programs, leading camp-style
help more children recover from benefit most from them. CAMS summer programs for children or
anxiety, and how to make sure For now, there are still big Ginsburg, G.S., et al. offering weekend hours con-
that recovery sticks. questions about how best to help Journal of Consulting venient for more families. We
and Clinical
Silverman is hopeful that children overcome anxiety over Psychology, 2011
have to meet the kids where
future treatments for child- the long term. Many children theyre comfortable and make it
hood anxiety will become more with anxiety cycle through easier for them to get treatment,
targeted and personalized. One periods of wellness followed by Albano says.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201755
HEALING BY
Nix the glass table
and fill the room with
light. These and other
research-based
design insights for
therapists offices can
reap client benefits
BY TORI DEANGELIS
Natural light is a
big mood booster,
so when possible,
incorporate windows
or skylights.
56 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
DESIGN
LOOKSLIKE/ ISTOCKPHOTO
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201757
Healing By Design
58 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
Embrace the natural. Bringing Use positive distractions. zero, two, four or nine diplomas
nature into the officewhether Fish tanks in medical offices are on the wall. People rated thera-
with plants, nature embodied somewhat clich, but they may pists who worked in offices with
in artwork, decorative objects have empirical merittheyre four and nine credentials most
or views of plant-filled court- an example of so-called posi- favorably, with little difference
yards and landscaped areascan tive distractions, a phenomenon between the two (Journal of
enhance the healing quality of noted in many research studies Environmental Psychology, 2009).
a space. Just looking at land- (see Resources). A glance into
scaping has been shown to lower the tank, or at other inviting Have your clients back. An
blood pressure, Gum says. sights like art of pastoral land- evolutionary perspective can help
The right nature-based art- scapes, can provide a respite from you make intelligent decisions
work can also give clients a way talking about weighty issues. on what is arguably the most
to muse on life situations, these You want views that draw you important element in your office:
experts add. Images of a path- in and give the part of your brain the client chair.
way through a serene landscape that has to focus a mini break, To support peoples need for
or a bench in the middle of a Augustin says. control, consider having chairs
pleasingly landscaped garden can RESOURCES that can be moved or are large
foster relaxation or allow clients Promote your expertise. enough to let people shift to one
Center for
to make mental associations with Displaying your credentials side or the other and adjust the
Health Design
the imagery. But, Augustin cau- might seem self-serving, but The knowledge distance between themselves
tions, avoid nature imagery thats clients want to see signs of your repository of research and the therapist. If any of your
confusing, chaotic or complex. expertise, research also finds. In and resources clients have histories of being
You want to look at a scene that a study by Devlin and her stu- on health-care physically violent, make sure
design topics.
would be comfortable to enter, dents, participants looked briefly chairs are heavy enough that
www.healthdesign.
she says. at photos of therapy offices with org/search/articles they cant be easily picked up and
thrown. Likewise, chairs with
Transforming backs at shoulder height can
the Doctors Office facilitate a feeling of protection,
Devlin, A.S. environmental design researchers
Routledge, 2014.
Includes a section on add. Other ways to promote a
therapists offices. sense of personal safety include
placing a plant behind the chair
and positioning chairs so clients
can see the door.
A related suggestion: Place
small tables next to client chairs,
which can enhance clients sense
of territory by giving them a
place to put personal items. Your
clients will appreciate that youve
attended to their comfort and
convenience, says Lynn Bufka,
PhD, APAs associate executive
A GLANCE INTO A FISH TANK, OR AT director of practice.
HOWARD OATES/ ISTOCKPHOTO
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201759
Healing By Design
60 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
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Career
TAKE CHARGE!
Are you a student or early career psychologist who wants
leadership experience, but arent sure how to get it? Heres
advice from leaders who stood in your shoes not long ago.
BY HEATHER STRINGER
W
hen Jerrold Yeo from China, England, Norway Determine what excites you.
moved from Singa- and the United States. Now as a Look for leadership opportu-
pore to the United member-at-large with a practice nities in an area that deeply
States to start graduate school in focus on the APAGS Committee, interests you, says Sandra
clinical psychology, he was sur- Yeo is one of nine elected offi- Shullman, PhD, a managing
prised to find that there were lots cers who advocate for graduate partner of the Executive Devel-
of leadership opportunities for students and discuss new policies opment Group, an international
students at APA, such as serving within APA. leadership development and
on boards and committees and The experience has been consulting firm. Effective lead-
advocating on behalf of psychol- invaluable for his career growth, ership involves having a passion
ogy on Capitol Hill. he says. These leadership roles for what you are doing, she says.
In my own country, there have taught me to be more confi- You will meet like-minded souls
were a lot of barriers to getting dent, to be a better speaker and to you can learn from, and some of
student voices heard and imple- negotiate, Yeo says. Its a great those people may become role
menting changes, says Yeo, now way to find your own voice and models. Pursuing leadership in
a fifth-year graduate student learn what its like to be a leader. an area of interest can also help
at the University of Denver. I Yeos advice to others who are leaders grow during stressful
wanted to make use of the free- considering leadership is to start times. For example, shes seen
dom to be heard in this country. by trying. If you dont try, youll newer leaders struggle when they
Yeo initially assumed his never know where you might be make decisions that displease
chances of being selected for successful, he says. And dont certain people. They learn how to
a leadership role were slim let rejection discourage you. Yeo find the courage to do some-
because he had little experience, was rejected from multiple posi- thing, even if its unpopular, and
but he applied anyway. He was tions throughout his journey, and they are more likely to do that
delighted when he was chosen to initially he took these experiences in an area they have passion for.
be a member of the Convention personally. But now I under-
Committee for the American stand that its not about whether Startsmall. Look for leader-
Psychological Association of Im good enough or have a flaw ship opportunities at state and
Graduate Students (APAGS), in my character. If Im not the regional psychology associations,
a position he held from 2013 best person at that moment, there says Daniel Reimer, PhD, who
to 2015. As he made connec- is probably another position for recently earned a doctoral degree
tions within the organization, me that is a better fit. in behavioral psychology from
he started getting invitations for The Monitor asked psychol- the University of Nevada, Reno.
other leadership positions, such as ogists involved in leadership to He started learning how to
serving as an APAGS representa- share tips about how graduate organize conventions by joining
tive to the Global Approaches to students and early career psy- a committee with the Nevada
Integrated Health Care Summit, chologists can break into these Psychological Association. That
where he met psychology leaders roles. Here are their suggestions. experience helped him land a
62 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
two-year position as chair of the J. Kaslow, PhD, a former APA peer mentoring. Kaslow and
APAGS Convention Commit- president and a professor in the her colleagues recently surveyed
tee in 2013. Another entry point department of psychiatry and graduate students and early
could be serving as a student rep- behavioral sciences at Emory career psychologists who had
resentative for an APA division, University. You get a reputation served as chair of APAGS or
a state, provincial and territorial quickly as someone who follows of APAs Committee on Early
psychological association or the through or not, she says. She Leadership roles Career Psychologists during the
APAGS Advocacy Coordinating served in leadership roles on var- help to build last seven years and found that a
confidence,
Team, anetwork of graduate stu- ious APA committees earlier in speaking skills, combination of peer and senior
dents who engage in legislative her career and was always careful negotiation mentoring seems to be the ideal
advocacy and awareness, he says. not to take on more tasks than abilities and more. plan because they have differ-
For those who enjoy working on she could do well. ent strengths. A senior mentor
projects, serving on a task force can help mentees understand an
or special project within an orga- Find leadership mentors. organizations system, introduce
nization is another way to get Kaslow encourages psycholo- them to people and share past
experience and to observe how gists to find mentors who can experiences. But a peer can say,
others lead, says Shullman, who provide guidance, feedback and I just tried doing something
is also a member of the APA connections. Potential mentors similar, and here is how it went,
Board of Directors. may surface in a variety of places, Kaslow says.
PEOPLE IMAGES/ ISTOCKPHOTO
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201763
Career
ing students to apply for the tice a 30-second elevator speech ate an environment that invites
Student Affiliates of Seventeen, to introduce yourself to new peo- feedback so you can gauge how
or SAS, an organization for ple, says Helen L. Coons, PhD, youre doing and make midcourse
students associated with APAs president and clinical director of corrections, Shullman says.
64 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
NEW RELEASES
from the American Psychological Association
AD3137
How Did You Get That Job?
RISKY BUSINESS:
MIXING MONEY AND KIN
As a strategic wealth coach, Kristen Armstrong helps
families see money as a way to enhance family
relationships and make a social impact
BY HEATHER STRINGER
M
any psychology each fit in with the financial and business
practitioners enterprise. The conversations that follow
help families talk can be very deep. For example, older gen-
through their eration family members seeoften for
issues with money, the first timewhat really inspires and
but psychologist motivates younger ones. Once their val-
Kristen Armstrong, PhD, has a par- ues, vision and goals have been clarified,
ticularly focused tack: helping wealthy families often will then pursue a longer-
families deal with the impact their term program of meetings, retreats and
money has on the family, the commu- individual coaching with me to help
nity and the world. them put some legs on their aspirations.
Armstrong is a strategic wealth coach At the moment, I am working with a
on an interdisciplinary national team of family of 39 members. The family busi-
advisors at Ascent Private Capital Man- ness is growing internationally and they
agement in San Francisco, which is part want to prepare the younger generation
of U.S. Bank. About half of her clients for leadership roles. One branch of the
own businesses, and the other half have family wants to get out of the business, families about the sorts of emotions and
sold businesses and are figuring out how but wants to maintain the financial ben- mindsets that are very typical of people
to manage the money that remains. The efits and keep their family relationships who, for example, want to let go of the
Monitor talked to Armstrong about her strong. I will help everyone define what is reins but are not sure how to do it. They
career and how she got that job. in the best interest of the extended fam- are coming to terms with the loss of an
ily and the business. identity, so I teach them how they can
What do you do as a strategic also begin building a new one as mentor
wealth coach? How do you use your psychology for the next generation.
I typically take families on a retreat to training?
help them clarify their shared values and People sometimes seek me out after a How did you get the training and
the purpose and meaning of their wealth. conflict has erupted and they need help experience needed for this job?
Before the retreat, I interview each fam- repairing relationships. I use family I earned a degree in clinical psychology
ily member to gather information about systems and communications models to at the graduate school of psychol-
their relationships with the business and help them unpack the history related to ogy at Fuller Theological Seminary in
one another. Then I get them together the conflict, devise better ways to manage California. I worked in clinical practice
to discuss the themes picked up in the their differences and navigate their way for several years, and then someone Id
interviews and to do temperament and through change. These large, multigen- known from graduate school approached
values assessments. This helps them bet- erational enterprises evolve and become me after he started a consulting practice.
ter understand each other and how they more complex over time. I educate these He was offering executive coaching and
66 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
I love seeing families
come alive around
the good their
wealth can do, says
Dr. Kristen Armstrong.
team development to Fortune 500 com- businesses began asking for my consult- What is challenging about the work?
panies internationally, and he wanted to ing services within their families. It can be challenging to get face time
find a female coach to work with some of with the clients. The family attorneys,
the female executives. In response, I took How did you find out about the job? financial advisors and I need to be very
some CE courses in consulting psychol- I got a call from a headhunter who told aware of a familys time because they can
ogy and I completed a two-year coaching me that U.S. Bank was developing a fam- be busy people, so any contact must be
certification program for licensed men- ily education and wealth management highly valuable.
tal health professionals offered by the program. They wanted psychologists on
College of Executive Coaching in Arroyo staff to help them build and execute a What do you enjoy most?
Grande, California. I started by working program around the idea that wealth I love seeing families come alive around
with women who were being groomed is more than money. Its a holistic the good their wealth can do.
for higher levels of leadership. Then I approach based on the idea that financial One family I worked with has a
became aware of the need for leadership wealth is best managed within the larger foundation, and the younger generation
development in the myriad tech startups view of the familys values, purposes, was interested in seeing places they were
in Silicon Valley. People were launching concerns, dreams and opportunities. I donating money to. They are getting to
businesses who had never managed peo- had experience in both the clinical and know the people and the needs in these
CATHERINE KARNOW
ple before, and I found my team training business worlds, and had advised family settings, and as a result, the entire family
and executive coaching skills very useful businesses for over a decade, so the job has gotten excited about what else they
there. At the same time, leaders in family was a perfect match for my skills. could do to help.
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201767
No Insurance Required
In this new Monitor series, No been able to make it without it. than recommending medication
Insurance Required, we look Whether ADHD coaching and accommodations, we didnt
at the ways psychologists are is a full-time business or just really have anything good to
providing services that dont a small supplemental income offer them, says Prevatt.
require reimbursement from stream, its a real growth area, Grounded in cognitive-
insurance companies. says Frances Prevatt, PhD, the behavioral therapy principles,
Florida State University psychol- the intervention she developed
C
hildren, adolescents ogy professor who developed the is an eight-week program that
and adults with atten- evidence-based ADHD coach- matches clients with doctoral
tion-deficit/hyperactivity ing intervention that forms the ADDITIONAL psychology students who serve as
disorder (ADHD) dont neces- basis of former student Levrinis READING coaches as a practicum experi-
sarily need psychotherapy, says coaching practice. More and ence. Working one-on-one, the
ADHD Coaching:
psychologist Abigail Levrini, more people are being diag- coaches and their clients identify
A Guide for
PhD. What they often do nosed, says Prevatt. And there Mental Health two or three goals to tackle, such
need is help getting themselves arent that many people who Professionals as improving time-management
organized and reaching their specialize in treating those with Prevatt, F., & strategies, managing long-
goalscoaching, in short. ADHD. Levrini, A. term projects, passing a specific
APA, 2015
To fill that niche, Levrini class or even learning to do
founded an ADHD coach- A SPECIALIZED BUSINESS ADHD Coaching laundry. Each week, the pair
ing business called Psych Ed Prevatt developed the coaching With College identifies intermediate steps and
Connections in 2008. Demand intervention 14 years ago when Students: Exploring brainstorms how to overcome
for her services has been so she realized she had no place to the Processes obstacles, with rewards and
Involved in
great that the company now has send students she was diagnos- consequences built in to boost
Motivation and
three offices in two states. And ing with ADHD as director of Goal Completion motivation. Were not telling
whats good for consumers with Florida States Adult Learning Prevatt, F., et al. them what to do, says Pre-
ADHD has also been good for and Evaluation Center. Other Journal of vatt. Were teaching them the
Levrini by allowing her to fulfill College Student problem-solving process.
Psychotherapy,
her dream of building a prac- Levrini was one of Prevatts
Whether ADHD 2017
tice independent of insurance coaches at Florida State and
companies. coaching is a studied the intervention for her
I had heard many unfor- full-time business dissertation. Once she graduated
tunate horror stories about or just a small and launched her own practice,
psychologists not getting reim- supplemental she took that model, tweaked
GBH007/ ISTOCKPHOTO
bursed for the clients they had income stream, it and established it in Ponte
seen and worked with, says Vedra, Florida; Alexandria,
its a real
Levrini. Fortunately, I have never Virginia; and Ashburn, Virginia.
had to go that route and have growth area. One key difference is that
68 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
ADHD coaching
helps children
and adults alike
identify their
strengths and
weaknesses.
the coaches are all licensed about the difference between own, so why should people with
psychologists and other mental coaching and therapy is a crucial ADHD expect that they should
health professionals. Because first step, says Levrini, who often just be able to figure out ways
the Florida office is located in compares being an ADHD to stay organized or manage
an underserved area, it offers coach to being an athletic coach their lives effectively without
services beyond coaching, but for kids. Youd never expect to help? she says. A coach can
coaching represents at least half be able to just put on a uniform help you learn the rules of the
its business. and go out onto a sports field game, see where your strengths
Educating children and adults and play effectively on your and weaknesses are and help you
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201769
No Insurance Required
focuses on evaluating chil- child psychiatrist and ADHD Thomas, who estimates that
dren for ADHD and learning expert Edward Hallowell, MD, ADHD coaching represents
disabilities and providing EdD, founder of the Hallowell 1 percent of his income. It
psychotherapy to children, Centers, which offer ADHD brings a little extra into the
adolescents and families. About treatment in Boston MetroWest, revenue stream.
70 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
People
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201771
Deeper and
Deeper.
The Monitor on Psychologys interactive format hyperlinks
to all of the research cited throughout the issue.
Now thats deep.
monitor on
psychology
A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
PsycCareers
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CAREER Are you a student or early career
INSIGHTS psychologist who wants leadership
IN THIS
experience, but not sure how to get
it? Heres advice from leaders who
Clinical
Psychologist
ISSUE stood in your shoes not long ago.
Page 62. $103,848
starting annual (Licensed)
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201773
PsycCareers
ILLINOIS work hours; no weekends required; grams for the diagnosis and treat- one to three postdoctoral fellow-
unlimited vacation; 24/7 emer- ment of neurodevelopmental ships to join a vibrant team of fac-
PSYCHOLOGIST WITH ILLINOIS gency call backup. Gersten Cen- disorders in the United States, and ulty and postdoctoral fellows for
LICENSE: Davken Associates has ter for Behavioral Health is proud is dedicated to promoting research, a two-year program beginning
been in operation for over two to be a setting that promotes work- teaching and service innovations Fall 2017. The primary fellowship
decades and has established an out- place longevity and long-term sta- designed to improve the lives of opportunity is the Braun-Harvey
standing reputation for its ethical bility. We encourage you to visit children, adolescents and fam- Fellowship in Compulsive Sex-
and clinical practices in the long- us at www.gerstencenter.com to ilies. The DMC provides ser- ual Behavior. Other opportunities
term care industry. We are seek- learn more about our practice and vices for children from infancy involving the Ettner Fellowship in
ing Illinois-licensed psychologists the reasons for our success. If inter- through adolescence who pres- Transgender Health and a general
for full- and part-time employment ested, submit your curriculum ent with complex neurodevelop- human sexuality fellowship are yet
in Chicago and surrounding coun- vitae to Dr. Deborah Liebling at mental disorders, including autism to be determined; those interested
ties as well as several other parts of dliebling@gerstencenter.com. spectrum disorders, medical and in these fellowships are highly
the state and Indiana. Full training genetic conditions, intellectual encouraged to apply. Designated
is provided and days and hours are POST-DOCTORAL POSITION IN disabilities, and learning, atten- fellowships are designed to sup-
quite flexible so that this job blends AN EXPANDING GROUP PRAC- tional, behavioral and regulatory port a balanced mix of clinical
well with those who teach, have a TICE: Gersten Center for Behav- disorders. Active participation in and research training in the spec-
private practice, or have young chil- ioral Health, a thriving and well clinical and/or basic research is ified area, with broader experi-
dren. Our forms are highly struc- established group practice with strongly supported and encour- ence in overall sexual health care.
tured and streamlined, allowing five locations in Chicago, Evan- aged for applicants with research The general fellowship will have
you to spend less time with paper ston, Skokie, and Melrose Park, is training and experience. Psychol- an emphasis in sexual health care,
and more time with the clients. We offering three post-doctoral posi- ogists are actively involved in edu- with a smaller amount of time
have excellent relationships with tions for the upcoming year to cation of psychology post-doctoral devoted to research. Fellows will
our providersseveral who began begin in September of 2017. We fellows, developmental and behav- provide individual, family, cou-
in the 1990s are still with us. If you are interested in candidates with a ioral pediatric fellows, and med- ple and group psychotherapy for a
are interested or have any ques- broad range of experience to work ical students. Applicants must wide range of sexual dysfunctions
tions, email artoffugue16@gmail . with patients of all ages and clini- possess a Massachusetts health and problems including: relation-
com or call (773) 259-0261. cal needs as well as to provide psy- service provider license in psychol- ship and sexual problems, trans-
chological testing if interested. ogy prior to assuming the posi- gender issues, sexual orientation
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST: Wexford The annual salary is $35,000 and tion and have completed two to concerns, paraphilias and com-
Health Sources, Inc. has excep- includes full medical, dental, and three years post-doctoral experi- pulsive sexual behavior. The clinic
tional opportunities for Clinical vision coverage; vacation and sick ence. Academic appointments at serves a diverse group of patients
Psychologists to provide services time; flexible spending account Harvard Medical School at a level (an average of 1,300 visits per
to patients within the Illinois State (FSA); liability insurance coverage; commensurate with clinical and month), including children, ado-
Correctional Institutions. For more W-2 employment status; weekly research experience most likely at lescents, minorities, disabled indi-
information, contact Liz Ingles individual and group supervision; the Instructor or Assistant Profes- viduals and clients with chronic
at lingles@wexfordhealth.com or in house continuing education pro- sor level. Graduates of APA-ac- medical or mental health prob-
(618) 977-5936. gram; outstanding billing and credited doctoral programs and lems. The training will help the
administrative support; a warm, internships are preferred. In addi- fellow develop skills in addressing
PSYCHOLOGIST POSITION IN AN supportive, and friendly environ- tion to an application letter, please sexual issues in any clinical setting
EXPANDING GROUP PRACTICE: ment with a beautiful work space; enclose a curriculum vitae and and conducting psychosexual eval-
Gersten Center for Behavioral flexible work hours; no week- arrange to have three letters of rec- uations. In addition to sex therapy,
Health, a thriving and established ends required; and 24/7 emer- ommendation sent to the search treatment addresses a wide variety
group practice with five locations gency call backup. Gersten Center committee. Send applications of psychiatric disorders. This kind
in Chicago, Evanston, Skokie, for Behavioral Health is proud to to: Search Committee, Atten- of diversity makes for an excit-
and Melrose Park, is expanding be a setting that promotes work- tion: Sandra Maislen, Division of ing and stimulating fellowship!
and hiring licensed clinical psy- place longevity and long-term sta- Developmental Medicine, Fegan Fellows complete a research proj-
chologists. We are interested in bility. We encourage you to visit us 10, Boston Childrens Hospital, ect that is tailored to their own
candidates with a broad range of at www.gerstencenter.com to learn 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA interests. Applicants must have
experience to work with patients of more about our practice and the 02115. Boston Childrens Hospital their PhD, PsyD or MD The fel-
all ages and clinical needs as well reasons for our success. The dead- is an equal opportunity employer lowship helps individuals gain
as to provide psychological test- line for applying for the post-doc- and all qualified applicants will licensure. Our fellows enjoy a
ing if interested. The position offers toral positions is April 30th, 2017. receive consideration for employ- competitive salary, excellent ben-
excellent pay and benefits such If interested, we encourage you to ment without regard to race, color, efits, and a professional travel sti-
as: secure earning potential up to submit your curriculum vitae to Dr. religion, sex, sexual orientation, pend. Interested candidates should
$120,000 per year; medical, dental, Deborah Liebling at dliebling@ gender identity, national origin, send inquiries to: Eli Coleman,
vision coverage; flexible spending gerstencenter.com. disability status, protected veteran Professor and Director, 1300 S.
account (FSA); 401K retirement status or any other characteristic 2nd St., Suite 180, Minneapolis,
plan with company match; liabil- MASSACHUSETTS protected by law. MN 55454 or colem001@umn.edu.
ity insurance coverage and sick pay; Application instructions and more
W-2 employee status; weekly clini- PSYCHOLOGIST: Developmen- MINNESOTA information regarding fellow-
cal consultation; in house continu- tal Medicine CenterHarvard ship opportunities are available at
ing education program; highest Medical School: The Develop- PROGRAM IN HUMAN SEXUAL- http://z.umn.edu/phsfellowships.
reimbursement rates in the indus- mental Medicine Center (DMC) ITY POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP: The University of Minnesota rec-
try; over 300 practice referrals per and the Department of Psychia- The Program in Human Sexu- ognizes and values the impor-
month allowing for quickly devel- try at Boston Childrens Hospi- ality at the University of Min- tance of diversity and inclusion in
oping and easily maintaining a tal seeks a full-time psychologist nesota Medical School is one of enriching the employment experi-
stable practice; outstanding bill- to provide outpatient evaluation the largest clinical, teaching and ence of its employees and in sup-
ing and administrative support; a and treatment services in a mul- research institutions in the world porting the academic mission, and
warm and supportive environment tidisciplinary setting. The DMC specializing in human sexuality. is proud to be an Equal Opportu-
with a beautiful work space; flexible is one of the largest clinical pro- We are inviting applications for nity Employer.
74 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
PsycCareers
MONTANA or an LCPC. Five years experi- and strong report writing skills. OREGON
ence in a Social Services Counsel- Excellent starting salary (i.e.,
THERAPIST/CLINICAL SUPERVISOR: ing Position, a Case-Management $37,000 - first year, $42,000 DIRECTOR OF TRAINING AND CLIN-
Montana Academy seeks a thera- Position, or a Correctional Pro- second year), health benefits and ICAL OPERATIONS: Portland Psy-
pist for a team of 912 students, gram Administration is preferred. possibility of later advancement. chotherapy is seeking a Director of
providing individual, group and Application materials are avail- Fax or email curriculum vitae, Training and Clinical Operations
family therapy as well as clinical able online at http://www.cccscorp. two letters of recommendation, to manage our evidence-based ther-
supervision to a multi-disciplinary com/job_openings. and two redacted reports to Dr. apy clinic at an innovative research
treatment team. Montana Acad- DM Mahalick: (973) 313-1666 or and training clinic. Position is 25
emy is a fully accredited therapeu- NEW JERSEY braindoc1@comcast.net. percent admin and 75 percent clin-
tic boarding school for teenagers ical. Applications are ongoing until
(14 to 19 years) who present with POSTDOCTORAL RESIDENCY: Post- NEW HAMPSHIRE filled. For a complete description
a variety of Axis I diagnoses that doctoral Residency in Clini- and application information, go to:
are best resolved by also addressing cal Neuropsychological (pediatric NEUROPSYCHOLOGIST/ CLINICAL http://bit.ly/ppcdir.
each students immaturity and the and adult). Start Date: Septem- PSYCHOLOGIST/POSTDOCTORAL
developmental and familial obsta- ber 1, 2017 or earlier. This posi- FELLOW: Portsmouth Neuropsy- TEXAS
cles that have led to their present tion is within a multi-hospital/ chology Center has an immediate
symptoms. We have 90-plus stu- medical school affiliated pri- opening for a psychologist or post- LICENSED PSYCHOLOGIST, NEURO-
dents who are all intelligent, with vate practice in the metro NJ/NY doctoral fellow to provide evalua- PSYCHOLOGIST, LCSW, LPC: The
excellent family support, and from area and involves the examination tions, psychotherapy of children, Ludden Group, P.C., a Christian
throughout the United States as and treatment of patients suffer- adolescents, and adults at grow- private practice group of indepen-
well as a number of foreign coun- ing from a broad range of neu- ing private practice in Ports- dent contractors in Rockwall, TX
tries. Virtually all of our students rological disorders (n.b., mostly mouth, NH. Full details: www. with over 30 years experience is
go on to college after graduating TBI) of varying degrees of sever- portsmouthneuro.com/contact-us/ seeking a part or full-time clinician
from our program. The success- ity. A significant portion of the careers. to provide psychological assess-
ful candidate will possess a masters residents time will involve: super- ments, testing, and psychother-
or doctoral degree in social work, vised patient examination, review NEW YORK apy. Our biggest need is in nursing
clinical or counseling psychology; of records, report writing, didac- home work. Email curriculum vitae
be eligible for Montana licensure tic interaction, attending medical CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST, PHD, to lindaluddensivils@gmail.com.
within a year; and have clini- rounds and research. Interested PSYD, NYS LICENSED: Comple-
cal experience with adolescents candidates must have completed ment your private practice or pri- VIRGINIA
and families. Montana Academy all of the course work in fulfill- mary job. Work part-time with
offers a rich milieu for both stu- ment of a doctoral degree in Clin- older adults in metro NYC area PSYCHOLOGIST SENIOR: South-
dents and staff on a 500-acre cam- ical Psychology with a dissertation (Bronx, Brooklyn, Long Island, western Virginia Mental Health
pus located near Glacier National focus in Neuropsychology (ABDs Westchester, Connecticut) at Institute (SWVMHI), part of
Park in beautiful Northwest Mon- considered). Successful candi- Aging Matters Psychological Ser- the Commonwealth of Virgin-
tana, employing 85 staff, including dates must possess the follow- vices, P.C. We provide quali- ias behavioral health system, is
psychologists, psychiatrists, social ing qualifications: course work ty-focused treatment, collegial seeking qualified candidates for a
workers, mental health counsel- in neuropsychology; experience atmosphere, rewarding popula- clinical psychologist position (Psy-
ors, predoctoral clinical psychol- with administration and scoring tion, flexible schedule, and sup- chologist Senior), to collaborate
ogy interns, teachers, medical of neuropsychological test bat- portive supervision (as needed). as a member of an interdisciplin-
staff, administrative staff and clin- teries; internship and/or extern- Contact Dr. Pat Tomasso: ary team providing care to persons
ically minded direct-care staff. For ship training in neuropsychology; ptomasso@agingmattersny.com. with a variety of types of mental
more information about Montana
Academy, visit our website: www.
montanaacademy.com. Compen-
M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 201775
PsycCareers
health needs. SWVMHI is a pro- ogists play a major role on the postdoctorate residency required Resources at (276) 783-1204. A
gressive inpatient facility whose treatment team, particularly in risk for Virginia licensure can be pro- $5,000 sign-on bonus is available,
mission is to promote mental assessment and risk management. vided. SWVMHI is located in the and a moving/relocation allowance
health by assisting people in their Psychologists also conduct foren- safe, family-oriented community may be available.
recovery in the southwestern Vir- sic evaluations. Training in foren- of Marion, Virginia. The area is
ginia region. The successful can- sic evaluations will be provided. known for its high quality of life, CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST: Cogni-
didate will be capable of working Experience with treatment of seri- low cost of living, beautiful moun- tive Behavior Therapy Center, a
collaboratively with other clinical ous mental disorders is strongly tain scenery and abundant outdoor private practice, has openings for
disciplines in a fast-paced treat- desired. Entry level profession- recreational opportunities. Appli- two CBT-trained Clinical Psy-
ment environment, where improv- als with a commitment to assist- cants must complete an online chologists: 1) Child-Adolescent
ing the quality of care is viewed ing individuals in their recovery application by visiting our hospi- 2) Anxiety Disorders. Attractive
as a continual process. SWVMHI are encouraged to apply. A doctor- tals website and clicking on the compensation and equity package.
seeks an applicant with strong ate in clinical psychology or doc- Human Resources page at www. Contact Dr. William Mulligan
skills in providing psychological umented equivalent and eligibility swvmhi.dbhds.virginia.gov or you at wlmulligan@cox.net for more
assessment, group and individual for licensure as a Clinical Psychol- may call a member of Human information.
therapy, and behavioral interven- ogist in Virginia is strongly pre-
tions and consultation. Psychol- ferred. Supervision for the year of
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76 M O N I TO R O N P S YC H O LO G Y MARCH 2017
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AN INTRODUCTION TO CONSULTING PSYCHOLOGY
Working With Individuals, Groups, and Organizations
Rodney L. Lowman
Consulting psychology is
rapidly growing yet sometimes CONTENTS
underappreciated discipline whose Series Editors Foreword,
Rodney L. Lowman
goal is to apply psychological science Chapter 1. The Work of Consulting
to consultation at three levels: Psychologists
individual, group, and organizational. Chapter 2. Consulting at the Individual
This foundational volume of Level
Chapter 3. Consulting at the Group
the Fundamentals of Consulting and Team Level
Psychology series translates theory Chapter 4. Consulting at the
and research into a concise, easy- Organizational Level
to-read introduction to the field. Chapter 5. Integrating Across Domains
and Levels: The Case of Leadership
Case examples help to illustrate the
Chapter 6. Multicultural and
rewarding and important work of International Issues in Consulting
consulting psychologists, which includes coaching individuals, Psychology
assessing and improving work group dynamics, and enhancing Chapter 7. Ethical and Professional
Standards in the Practice of
organizational systems and processes. Consulting Psychology
2016. 192 pages. Paperback. Chapter 8. The Road Ahead
Series: Division 13Fundamentals of Consulting Psychology References
Index
List: $34.95 | APA Member/Afliate: $29.95 | ISBN 978-1-4338-2178-3 | Item # 4317403 About the Author
ALSO OF INTEREST
APA Handbook Using Feedback The I/O Consultant
of Industrial and in Organizational Advice and Insights
for Building
Organizational Consulting a Successful Career
Psychology Jane Brodie Gregory
Edited by Jerry W. Hedge
Volume 1: Building and and Paul E. Levy
and Walter C. Borman
Developing the Organization 2015. 152 pages. Paperback.
2008. 392 pages. Hardcover.
Volume 2: Selecting and Series: Division 13: Fundamentals
Developing Members for of Consulting Psychology
List: $39.95
the Organization
Volume 3: Maintaining, List: $34.95 APA Member/Afliate: $29.95
Expanding, and Contracting APA Member/Afliate: $29.95 ISBN 978-1-4338-0339-0
the Organization ISBN 978-1-4338-1951-3 Item # 4316106
Editor-in-Chief Sheldon Zedeck AVAILABLE ON AMAZON KINDLE
Item # 4317367
2011. 2,300 pages. Hardcover. AVAILABLE ON AMAZON KINDLE
Series: APA Handbooks in Psychology
List: $695
APA Member/Afliate: $395 00
ISBN 978-1-4338-0727-5
Item # 4311502
$2.4 trillion
MIXMIKE/ ISTOCKPHOTO
The amount spent on health-care treatment in the United States in 2013,
including individuals out-of-pocket costs as well as spending by
private and government insurance programs.
4
The rank of mental health and substance
abuse disorders in the cost category,
with $187.8 billion in spending in 2013.
They rank behind cardiovascular diseases
($231.1 billion); diabetes, urogenital, blood and
endocrine disorders ($224.5 billion); and other
noncommunicable diseases ($191.7 billion).
Neurological diseases, including Alzheimers
disease, cost another $101.3 billion.
3.7%
The annual rate of increase
in spending on mental
health and substance
abuse disorders between 1996 and 2013. This
is more than the 1.2 percent rate of increase for
cardiovascular disorders but less than the
5.1 percent rate of increase for diabetes,
urogenital, blood and endocrine disorders.
$71 billion
The amount spent to treat depressive
disordersthe most costly among
mental health and substance abuse
disorders. Depressive disorders were
the sixth-most-costly health condition
overall, behind diabetes mellitus
($101.4 billion), ischemic heart
disease ($88.1 billion), low back
and neck pain ($87.6 billion),
hypertension ($83.9 billion)
and injuries due to falls
($76.3 billion).
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