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ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 3, March - 2013
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Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, R.K. University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT:
Material is the basic element of industry, foundry, and automobile application. Automobile industry used composite
material now a day for to get many mechanical properties of material like stress, strain, stiffness, shearing, bending
behaviour, thermal conductivity, and weight saving purpose. In automobile side weight saving is most important and
necessary now a day for to get more efficiency of fuel and increase load capacity of vehicle. So, by using composite
material we achieve weight reduction of material so we get above benefit and also increase service life of material by
getting more mechanical properties of material compare to basic material. In this paper basic review is presented based
on weight saving purpose in automobile application. By using various types of materials for composite material to get
mechanical properties and weight reduction is present and consider various literatures of research for composite
RRTT
material. By using above approach develop a new material for automobile application.
Keywords: Honeycomb Sandwich panel, Hexagonal core, Mechanical testing, Impact behaviour.
IIJJEE
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 3, March - 2013
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 3, March - 2013
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 3, March - 2013
GI= Fyuy,
GII= Fxux.
Where, Fy and Fx are the forces in y and x
directions required to hold the crack faces closed
and uy and ux are the crack opening displacements.
2-LITERATURE SURVEY:
Fig. 2.1 Contour plot showing the shear stress
Sanjib Goswami & Wilfried Becker [1] in 2000 variation and concentration at the interface of core
worked upon lightweight sandwich construction is and face sheet.
very useful and common due to their superior
specific bending stiffness and bending strength. In In this study, hexagonal core thickness has been
many cases the sandwich consists of an upper and considered as the study parameter and the energy
lower laminate face sheet and an intermediate release behaviour when the hexagonal cell
hexagonal cellular aluminium core. The sandwich thickness is very thin has been investigated. Fig.
plate considered for this study is made up of two 2.2 shows the variation of energy release rate GII
composite face sheets (top and bottom) and with the crack length when the thickness of the
hexagonal aluminium honeycomb core is in core is 4.0 mm. The figure reveals that the curve
between them. starts at a much lower value than that of the
original curve of larger cell thickness. The peak
De-lamination and de-bonding is a very value of GII for the present study is slightly less but
fundamental problem for both composite and comparable to the original figure of thick sandwich
sandwich materials. Due to some manufacturing plate. Concluding, it can be stated that in the case
defects such as improper gluing of face sheet and of very thin core thickness, small de-laminations
core material, there may exist a weak zone at the are clearly more harmless than in the case of a
interface of face sheet and core. Under a specific relatively thick core.
loading, this weak zone may grow and ultimately
result in inter laminar or face sheet core de-bonding
and its possible growth, which is characterised by
the local discontinuity of materials between the
upper and lower sub-laminate. The embedded de-
lamination is dangerous as it cannot be seen from
outside and may cause a serious reduction in load
carrying capacity of the structure. The structure
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 3, March - 2013
assumed that the unit cell appears periodically and specimens did not show out-of-plane displacement
thus also the considered de-bonding. For larger de- of the lower skin but only local displacement, so
bonding this implies some interaction between the peak load has to be higher than a certain value
neighbouring de-bonding. In order to get some idea (the constant term of the linear function) to produce
of this interaction a (periodic) two-cell situation has the global displacement Wb. This behaviour is
been analysed, where in one cell there is a de- confirmed by the low-velocity impact tests carried
bonding and in the other cell there is no de- out on the two typologies of honeycomb panels (d
bonding. Fig. 2.3 shows a comparative study of the = 3 and 6 mm) at a velocity of 1 m/s. The global
energy release rate GII for a single cell (solid line) displacements wb are null for both the sandwich
and two unit cells joined together (dotted line). The typologies and the peak load is equal to 2100 N for
variation of energy release rate GII for these two the honeycomb panel with d = 6 mm and to 2600 N
cases shows that in the beginning with smaller for the honeycomb panel with d = 3 mm.
crack length, the energy release rate values are very N. Baral, D.D.R. Carti, I.K. Partridge, C. Baley, P.
close, but as the crack length increases, the Davies [3] in 2010 worked upon Sandwich panels of
difference also increases with higher GII values for the same areal weight and with the same
the two cell case. This observation can be carbon/epoxy facings but using a novel foam core
explained in the way that with smaller crack length, reinforced in the thickness direction with pultruded
the interaction between two adjacent cells is less carbon fibre pins, do not show signs of damage
whereas with larger crack length, the interaction until above 1200 J impact energy. This suggests
gets significant. that these will offer significantly improved
V. Crupi, G. Epasto, E. Guglielmino [2] in 2012 resistance to wave impact. Quasi-static test results
worked upon lightweight components having good cannot be used to predict impact resistance here as
mechanical properties and energy absorbing the crush strength of the pinned foam is more
capacity, especially in the transport industry. The sensitive to loading rate than that of the honeycomb
static bending tests produced various collapse core.
modes for panels with the same nominal size,
depending on the support span distance and on the
honeycomb cell size. Simplified collapse models
were applied to explain the experimental
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 2 Issue 3, March - 2013
REFERENCES:
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