1

STANDARD LOCATION OF ELEMENTS OF WELDING SYMBOL

BY SYAFRIZAL. S

Before we turn our attention to the various parts of a welding symbol, it is important that we understand some of the
terminology relating to these symbol. A basic distinction which must be pointed out is the difference between
the terms "weld symbol" and "welding symbol." As stated in AWS A2.4, "the weld symbol indicates the type
of weld. The welding symbol is a method of representing the weld symbol on drawing, and includes supplementary
information and consists of the following eight elements. Not all elements need be used unless required for
clarity."

1) Reference line ( shown horizontally )

2) Arrow
3) Basic weld symbols
4) Dimensions and other data
5) Supplementary symbols
6) Finish symbols
7) Tail
8) Specification, process, or other references

In the construction of a welding symbol, the primary element which is always included is the reference line.
This is simply a horizontal line segment which provides the basis for all other parts of the symbol. It must appear
on the drawing as a horizontal line, because there is a significance wheter information lies above or below the line.
The next element of the welding symbol is the arrow. This line segment is connected to one side of the weld joint.
This now gives significance to the terms arrow side and other side. That is, the side to which the arrow points is
referred to as the arrow side, while the opposite side is called the other side.
Once the arrow side and other side have been assigned by the placement of the arrow, it is now possible to specify
information relating to either or both sides.

The AWS convention is that any information placed below the reference line relates to the arrow side of the joint,
and that information above the reference line describes what will occur on the other side of the joint.
 2

BASIC WELD SYMBOL FOR GROOVE - FILLET TEE - LAP JOINT

BY SYAFRIZAL. S

This rule will never change, no matter which end of the reference line is attached to the arrow or which direction
the arrow may point. In this figure shows several welding symbols depicting arrow side welds,
but with the arrow oriented in different directions and at either end of the reference line. However, the operations
will be performed on the side of the joint to which the arrow point.

Legend in the finish symbols

M : Machined
G : Grinded
C : Chipping
 3

WELDING SPECIFICATION FOR SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING

BY SYAFRIZAL. S

1 : PREPARATION OF BASE MATERIAL

2 : WEATHER CONDITIONS FOR WELDING
3 : JOINTS
4 : PREHEAT AND INTERPASS TEMPERATURE ( WHEN REQUIRED )
A. METHOD
B. CONTINUOUS PREHEAT
C. MONITORING
5 : CONTROL OF PARAMETERS
6 : TECHNIQUE
A. CLEANING
B. APPEARANCE OF WELDING
C. TREATMENT OF BACKSIDE OF WELDING JOINT

Types of corrosion for stainless steel

1. General corrosion
2. Intergranular corrosion
3. Stress corrosion cracking ( SCC )
4. Pitting corrosion
5. Crevice corrosion

Defective butt weld profiles

1. Overlap
2. Excessive undercut
3. Insufficient throat
4. Excessive convexity

Defective fillet weld profiles

1. Overlap
2. Insufficient leg
3. Excessive undercut
4. Excessive convexity
5. Insufficient throat

Acceptable fillet weld profiles

1. Convexity "C" shall not exceed
0.14a + 0.75mm

Acceptable butt weld profiles

1. Reinforcement "T" shall not exceed
3mm

Standard and Codes - guide for the ISO Coding

 4

CURRENT CONDITIONS
BY SYAFRIZAL. S

DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING

RECOMMENDED CURRENT MINIMUM
SYMBOL POLARITY OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE

0' ) +

1 + OR - 50
2 - 50
3 + 50

4 + OR - 70
5 - 70
6 + 70

7 + OR - 90
8 - 90
9 + 90

WELDING POSITION

1 : ALL POSITIONS
2 : ALL POSITIONS, EXCEPT
VERTICAL DOWNWARD
3 : FLAT BUTT WELD,
FLAT FILLET WELD
HORIZONTAL / VERTICAL
FILLET WELD
4 : FLAT BUTT WELD,
FLAT FILLET WELD
5 : AS 3 AND RECOMMENDED
FOR VERTICAL DOWNWARD
 5
WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST REPORT
ASME STANDARD REQUIREMENT

WELD PREPARATION

The hardness test has been carried out

on the test coupon square shape plate
AISI 4130

WELD PREPARATION

Dye penetrant applied to the surface of

the test coupon to ensure there is no any
discontinuity on surface preparation.

WELD PREPARATION

Developer applied to the surface of test coupon

and found no indication.

PREHEAT AND MAINTENANCE

Preheat has been carried out before and after first layered
by the E309L-17 electrodes to ensure the heat is covered
WPS required before carrying the next step or overlay with
the E316L-17 electrodes
( furnished with the run plate before touching up to test piece )

NOT ALL DEFECT ARE DISCONTINUITIES

BUT ALL DISCONTINUITIES ARE DEFECT
BY SYAFRIZAL. CSWIP WELDING INSPECTOR
 6
WELDER PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION TEST REPORT
ASME STANDARD REQUIREMENT

WELDING TECHNIQUE

In every single pass of the welds cleaning has been done

to ensure there is no slagging left in the toe of welds

FIRST LAYER / OVERLAY

First layer by the E309L-17 electrodes completed

and smooth surface after cleaned by power brush
to remove of slag and the sputtering before
overlay by the E316L-17 electrodes.

BEFORE - DURING - AFTER INSPECTION

On completed welds by E309L-17 electrodes

weld metal deposit has measured
to ensure the thickness is accordance to the WPS required.

SURFACE FINISH

Welds profile on the completed of overlayweld

ready to next examination as mechanical test.

NOT ALL DEFECT ARE DISCONTINUITIES

BUT ALL DISCONTINUITIES ARE DEFECT
BY SYAFRIZAL. CSWIP WELDING INSPECTOR
 7
PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATIONS REQUIREMENT
AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

QW-321.2 Immediate Retest Using Mechanical Testing

When the qualification coupon has failed the mechanical
testing of QW-302.1, retesting shall be by mechanical testing.
When an immediate retest is made, the welder or welding
operator shall make two consecutive test coupons for each
position which he has failed, all of which shall pass
the test requirements.

QW-321.4 Further Training.

When the welder or welding operator has had further training
or practice, a new test shall be made for each position
on which he failed to meet the requirements.

QW-163 Acceptance Criteria - Bend Tests

The weld and heat affected zone of a transverse weld-bend
specimen shall be completely within the bent portion
of the specimen after testing. The guided-bend specimens
shall have no open defects in the weld or heat affected zone
exceeding 1/8" in,.. Measured in any direction on the convex
surface of the specimen after bending. Open defects occuring
on the corners of the specimen during testing shall not
be considered unless there is definite evidence that they result
from lack of fusion, slag inclusions, or other internal defects.
For corrosion-resistant weld overlay cladding, no open defect
exceedding 1/16" in,.. Measured in any direction, shall be
permitted in the cladding, and no open defetcs exceeding 1/8"
shall permitted in the bond line.

QW-161.1 Transverse Side Bend

The weld is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the specimen,
which is bent so that one of the side surfaces becomes the
convex surface of the bent specimen. Transerve side-bend test
specimens shall conform to the dimensions shown
in QW-462.2

Intent of Tests QW-301.1

The performance qualification tests are intended to determine
the ability of welders and welding operators to make sound welds.

THE FINAL CONCLUSION

The performance test may be terminated at any stage of the
testing procedure, whenever it becomes apparent to the supervisor
conducting the tests that the welder or welding operator does not
have required skill to produce satisfactory results.

NOT ALL DEFECT ARE DISCONTINUITIES

BUT ALL DISCONTINUITIES ARE DEFECT

BY SYAFRIZAL. CSWIP WELDING INSPECTOR

 8
ASME CODE FOR POWER PIPING B31.1
EXAMINATION - INSPECTION - TESTING
BY SYAFRIZAL. S

ASME PARA 136.2 Rights of Inspector

Inspector shall have access to any place where work concerned with the piping is being performed.
This includes manufacture, fabrication, assembly, erection, and testing of the piping.
Inspectors shall have the right to review all certification requirements of Para. 136.1, including
certified qualifications for welders, welding operators, and welding procedures.

ASME PARA 136.3 Inspection and Qualification of Authorized Inspector for Boiler External Piping
136.3.1 Piping for which inspection and stamping is required as determined in accordance with
Para.100.1.2 (A) shall be inspected during construction and after completion and at the option of the
Authorized Inspector at such stages of the work as he may designate. For specific requirements see
the applicable parts of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, PG-104 through PG-113.
Each manufacturer is required to arrange for the services of Authorized Inspectors as defined
in PG-91 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

136.3.2 Certification by stamping and Data Reports, where required, shall be as per PG-104, PG-105,
PG-109, PG-110, PG-11, and PG-112 of section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

ASME PARA 136.4.2 Visual Examination

Visual examination consists of observation of whatever portions of a component or weld are exposed
to such observation, either before, during, or after manufacture, fabrication, assembly, or test
All completed welds in pipe and piping components shall be capable of complying with the acceptance
standards specified in (A) below or with the limitations on imperfections specified in the material specification
under which the pipe or component was furnished.

(A) Acceptance Standard. The following indications are unacceptable.

(A.1) Cracks - external surface
(A.2) Undercut on surface which is greater than 1/32" deep.
(A.3) Weld reinforcement greater than specified in Table 127.4.2 ASME B31.1
(A.4) Lack of fusion on surface
(A.5) Incomplete penetration (applies only when inside surface is readily accessible)

ASME PARA 133 Stamping

Stamping, if used, shall be performed by a method that will not result in sharp discontinuities.
In no case shall stamping infringe on the minimum wall thickness or result in dimpling or denting
of the material being stamped.
CAUTIONARY NOTE : Detrimental effects can result from stamping of material which will be in
operation under long term creep or creep fatique conditions.

III-2.1 Condition and Criteria

(B.1) Tensile, comprehenssive, flexural,shear strength, and modulus of elasticity at design temperature
(long term and short term)
(B.2) Creep characteristics for the services conditions
(B.3) Design stress and its basis
(B.4) Coefficient of thermal expansion
(B.5) Ductility and plasticity
(B.6) Impact and thermal shock properties
(B.7) Temperature limits for the service
(B.8) Transition temperatures; melting and vaporization
(B.9) Toxicity of the material or of the gases produced by its combustion or exposure to elevated temperatures
(B.10) Porosity and permeability
(B.11) Test methods
(B.12) Methods of making joints and their efficiency
(B.13) Deterioration in the service environment
 9

ASME PARA 137.8 Retesting After Repair or Additions

137.8.1 Repairs may be to the pressure parts of boiler external piping after hydrostatic test required
by Para 137.3.1, provided the requirements of PW-54.2 of Section I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code are met. 137.8.2 Nonpressure parts may be welded to the pressure parts of boiler external piping after the
hydrostatic test required by Para 137.3.1, provided the requirements of PW-54.3 of Section I of the ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code are met.

ASME PARA 100.2 Definition REMARKS

Anchor Butt joint: a joint between two members lying

Annealing see Heat Treatments approximately in the same plane.
Arc Welding
Assembly Defect: a flaw (imperfection or unintentional discontinuity)
Automatic Welding of such size, shape, orientation, location, or properties
Backing Ring as to be rejectable.
Ball Joint
Base Metal Examination: denotes the procedures for all visual observation
Branch Connection and nondestructive testing.
Braze Welding
Brazing Face of weld: the exposed surface of a weld on the side
Butt Joint from which the welding was done.
Component
Standard Component Full fillet weld: a fillet weld whose size is equal to the
Specially Designed Component thickness of the thinner member joined.
Defect
Discontinuity Fusion: the melting together of filler metal and base metal
Engineering Design of base metal only, which results in coalescence.
Equipment Connection
Erection Groove weld: a weld made in the groove between two member
Examination to be joined.
Expansion Joint
Face of Weld Heat Affected Zone: that portion of the base metal which
Filler Metal has not melted, but whose mechanical properties or
Fire Hazard microstructure have been altered by the heat of welding or cutting.
Flaw
Full Fillet Weld Normalizing: a process in which a ferrous metal is heated
Gas Welding to a suitable temperature above the transformation range
Groove Weld and is subsequently cooled in still air at room temperature.
Heat Affected Zone
Heat Treatment - Annealing Preheating: the applicable of heat to a base metal immediately
Normalizing prior to a welding or cutting operation.
Post Weld Heat Treatment
Preheating Stress Relieving: uniform heating of a structure or portion thereof
Stress-Relieving to a sufficient temperature to relieve the major portion of the
Imperfection residual stresses, followed by uniform cooling.
Indication
Inert Gas Imperfection: a condition of being imperfect; a departure of a
Inspection quality characteristic from its intended condition.
Joint Design
Joint Penetration Indication: the response or evidence from the application of
Low Energy Capacitor Discharge Welding a nondestructive examination
Manual Welding
Maximum Allowable Joint Design: the joint geometry together with the required
Mechanical Joint dimensions of the welded joint.
Miter
Nominal Thickness Joint Penetration: the minimum depth a groove weld extends
Peening from its face into a joint, exclusive of reinforcement.
Pipe and Tube
Discontinuity: a lack of continuity or cohesion; an interruption
in the normal physical structure of material or a product.