Mental Verbs Definition and Examples

Mental verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering, understanding, thinking, or planning. In general, a mental verb
refers to a cognitive state.

Mental Verb Examples

The mental verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I know the answer.

She recognized me from across the room.
Do you believe everything people tell you?

States of Being Verbs Definition and Examples

Also known as linking verbs, state of being verbs describe conditions or situations that exist. State of being verbs are inactive since no action is
being performed. These verbs are usually complemented by adjectives.

States of Being Verb Examples

The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.

I am a student.
We are circus performers.
Please is quiet.

Types of Verbs

How many types of verbs are there? In addition to the main categories of physical verbs, mental verbs, and state of being verbs, there are several
other types of verbs. In fact, there are more than ten different types of verbs that are grouped by function.

List of all Verb Types

Action Verbs

Action verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or discuss someone doing something.

Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. These verbs always have direct objects, meaning someone or something
receives the action of the verb.

Intransitive Verbs

Intransitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. No direct object follows an intransitive verb.

Auxiliary Verbs

Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs, and are used together with a main verb to show the verbs tense or to form a question or
negative.

Stative Verbs
Stative verbs can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action. They typically relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships,
senses, states of being, and measurements.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, and obligations.

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs arent single words; instead, they are combinations of words that are used together to take on a different meaning to that of the
original verb.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are those that dont take on the regular spelling patterns of past simple and past participle verbs.

What is an adjective?
Adjectives are words that describe or modify other words, making your writing and speaking much more specific,
and a whole lot more interesting. Words like small, blue, and sharp are descriptive, and they are all examples of
adjectives. Because adjectives are used to identify or quantify individual people and unique things, they are usually
positioned before the noun or pronoun that they modify. Some sentences contain multiple adjectives.

Adjective Examples
In the following examples, the highlighted words are adjectives:

1. They live in a big, beautiful

2. Since its a hot day, Lisa is wearing a sleeveless
3. The mountaintops are covered in sparkling
4. On her birthday, Brenda received an antique vase filled with fragrant

Types of Adjectives
Remember that adjectives can modify as well as describe other words, and youll find it much easier to identify
different types of adjectives when you see them.

Articles

There are only three articles, and all of them are adjectives: a, an, and the. Because they are used to discuss non-
specific things and people, a and an are called indefinite articles. For example:

Id like a
 Lets go on an

Neither one of these sentences names a specific banana or a certain adventure. Without more clarification, any
banana or adventure will do.

The word the is called the definite article. Its the only definite article, and it is used to indicate very specific people
or things:

Please give me a banana. Id like the one with the green stem.
Lets go on an adventure. The Grand Canyon mule ride sounds perfect!

Possessive Adjectives

As the name indicates, possessive adjectives are used to indicate possession. They are:

My Her Their
Your Its
His Our
Possessive adjectives also function as possessive pronouns.

Demonstrative Adjectives

Like the article the, demonstrative adjectives are used to indicate or demonstrate specific people, animals, or things.
These, those, this and that are demonstrative adjectives.

These books belong on that

This movie is my favorite.
Please put those cookies on the blue plate.

Coordinate Adjectives

Coordinate adjectives are separated with commas or the word and, and appear one after another to modify the same
noun. The adjectives in the phrase bright, sunny day and long and dark night are coordinate adjectives. In phrases
with more than two coordinate adjectives, the word and always appears before the last one; for example: The sign
had big, bold, and bright letters.

Be careful, because some adjectives that appear in a series are not coordinate. In the phrase green delivery truck, the
words green and delivery are not separated by a comma because green modifies the phrase delivery truck. To
eliminate confusion when determining whether a pair or group of adjectives is coordinate, just insert the word and
between them. If and works, then the adjectives are coordinate and need to be separated with a comma.

Numbers Adjectives

When theyre used in sentences, numbers are almost always adjectives. You can tell that a number is an adjective
when it answers the question How many?

The stagecoach was pulled by a team of six

He ate 23 hotdogs during the contest, and was sick afterwards.

Interrogative Adjectives
There are three interrogative adjectives: which, what, and whose. Like all other types of adjectives, interrogative
adjectives modify nouns. As you probably know, all three of these words are used to ask questions.

Which option sounds best to you?

What time should we go?
Whose socks are those?

Indefinite Adjectives

Like the articles a and an, indefinite adjectives are used to discuss non-specific things. You might recognize them,
since theyre formed from indefinite pronouns. The most common indefinite adjectives are any, many, no, several,
and few.

Do we have any peanut butter?

Grandfather has been retired for many
There are no bananas in the fruit bowl.
I usually read the first few pages of a book before I buy it.
We looked at several cars before deciding on the best one for our family.

Attributive Adjectives

Attributive adjectives talk about specific traits, qualities, or features in other words, they are used to discuss
attributes. There are different kinds of attributive adjectives:

Observation adjectives such as real, perfect, best, interesting, beautiful or cheapest can indicate value or
talk about subjective measures.
Size and shape adjectives talk about measurable, objective qualities including specific physical properties.
Some examples include small, large, square, round, poor, wealthy, slow and
Age adjectives denote specific ages in numbers, as well as general ages. Examples are old, young, new,
five-year-old, and
Color adjectives are exactly what they sound like theyre adjectives that indicate color. Examples include
pink, yellow, blue, and
Origin adjectives indicate the source of the noun, whether its a person, place, animal or thing. Examples
include American, Canadian, Mexican, French.
Material adjectives denote what something is made of. Some examples include cotton, gold, wool, and
Qualifier adjectives are often regarded as part of a noun. They make nouns more specific; examples include
log cabin, luxury car, and pillow cover.

What is Adverb
An adverb is a word which we use to modify the meaning of adjective, verb or other parts of speech. It is one of the
parts of speech which tells us how, where, when, in what manner, and to what extent an action is performed in the
sentence. Some of the adverbs end with 'ly' (which are used to express how an action is performed) such as
carefully, gracefully, cheerfully, quickly, steadily, speedily, happily, foolishly, angrily, etc. However, some are
without 'ly' such as well, very, fast, never, now, most, far, least, more, less, there., etc.

We can easily identify the availability of adverb in the sentence by seeing its function. If any word in the sentence is
describing any of the parts of speech (verb, adjective or other adverb), it is an adverb. We can also recognize the
availability of adverb in the sentence by looking the end of word (ending with 'ly'). Some frequency words like very,
more, much, many, etc are also adverbs.
For example:

I placed the flower pot carefully on the table. ('carefully' word is an adverb in this sentence and shows the
example of how action is performed)
My friend walks gracefully. ('gracefully' word is an adverb in this sentence and shows how to modify the
meaning of verb)
I run fast. ('fast' word is an adverb and provide more information about verb)
I always eat healthy food. ('always' word is an adverb and modifies the verb to eat)
I saw a very pretty girl in the car. ('very' word is an adverb)
I will eat there. ('there' word is an adverb)

Sometimes, we do mistakes and use adjectives instead of adverb while making sentence and vice versa.

For example:

I behaved very bad in the school. (It is a wrong sentence as, 'bad' is an adjective and describing a verb
'behaved').
I behaved very badly. (It is a correct sentence as, 'badly' is an adverb and describing a verb 'behaved')

Sometimes, we do mistakes because of the confusing adverbs and adjectives such as 'good' and 'well' ('Good' word is
an adjective which should describe the noun or pronoun whereas 'Well' word is an adverb which should modify any
parts of speech).

For example:

He is a good (It is a correct sentence, 'good' is an adjective describing a pronoun 'he')

I listen well. (it is also a correct sentence, 'well' is an adverb describing a verb 'listen')
I am a well educated boy. (it is also a correct sentence, 'well' is an adverb describing an adjective
'educated')

Types of Adverb

Different kinds of adverbs, expressing different meaning, are described below with proper definition and examples:

1) Adverb of Time

Adverb of time is an adverb which tells us about time of happenings or time of something is done in the sentence. Adverbs of
time are used in the beginning (as a form of emphasis) or end of the sentence. Adverbs of time are like already, afterwards,
immediately, always, last month, soon, then, now, and yesterday.

For example:

He admitted to hospital and died yesterday.

My factory caught fire and burned down in the last month.
 I have completed my homework already.

2) Adverb of Place

Adverb of place is an adverb which tells us about the place where something is done or happens in the sentence. It is used
generally after the verb, object or end of the sentence. Adverbs of place are like below, here, above, inside, outside, there, over
there, under, upstairs, etc.

For example:

We need to stop here for dinner.

He was eating under the table.
A bird fly above in the sky.

3) Adverb of Manner

Adverb of manner is an adverb which tells us about manner of how something is done or happens in the sentence. Such type of
adverbs are generally end with 'ly' such as cheerfully, badly, quickly, happily, angrily, sadly, slowly. However, some are simple
like fast, well, hard, etc.

For example:

I went to school cheerfully.

He runs fast.
We celebrated teacher's day happily.

4) Adverb of Degree or Quantity

Adverb of degree or quantity is an adverb which tells us about the level or extent of something is done or happens in the
sentence. It is used before the adjective or adverb. Adverbs of degree or quantity are like almost, nearly, quite, much, really, too,
very, so, etc.

For example:

It was too hard task for us to complete. (adverb is used before adjective)
I am quite
I am feeling really sad for my friend's father death.

5) Adverb of Frequency

Adverb of frequency is an adverb which tells us how often something is done or happens in the sentence. Adverbs of frequency
are like almost, again, frequently, generally, ever, hardly ever, nearly, nearly always, always, occasionally, often, rarely, never,
seldom, twice, usually, sometimes, and weekly.

For example:
 My parents were almost thirty when I born.
He studies hardly during holidays.
She thinks she is always right however it is not so.
He told that he will never talk to me.
I talk to my neighbors very occasionally.

6) Adverb of Affirmation and Negation

Adverb of affirmation and negation is an adverb which confirms or denies the action of verb in the sentence. It is also used to
reinforce the action of verb. Adverbs of affirmation are like definitely, surely, absolutely, etc however adverbs of denial or
negation are like no, cant, dont, never, etc.

For example:

I will certainly go to the school. (adverb of affirmation)

I never leave you alone. (adverb of negation)

7) Adverb of Comment

Using adverbs of comment, we can make a comment on entire sentence. This adverb can change and describe the verb as well as
influence the whole sentence. Adverbs of comment are like fortunately, unfortunately, patiently, honestly, obviously, constantly,
etc.

For example:

Unfortunately, he got discharged from his post.

Luckily, I got admission in the top college.
Obviously, it is wrong way to do.
We happily celebrated the birthday of our class teacher.

8) Adverb of Conjunction

Adverb of conjunction help us in connecting the ideas or clauses. It shows effect, sequence, contrast, cause or other relationships
between two clauses in the sentence. We need to use a semicolon (;) to conjugate two clauses. Adverbs of conjunction are like
anyway, accordingly, consequently, again, contrarily, almost, as a result, besides, certainly, additionally, comparatively,
consequently, comparatively, conversely, etc

For example:

Clause 1: He was going to attend an important meeting.

Clause 2: He made sure to attend meeting on time.

Use of Adverb of conjunction in the above two clauses:

He was going to attend an important meeting; accordingly, made sure to attend meeting on time.
9) Adverb of reason

Adverb of reason is used to express the reason for, answer the question or purpose of an action in the sentence. Adverbs of reason
are like therefore, hence, thus, consequently, so, since, etc.

For example:

I was not working hard, therefore, I failed.

Consequently he denied to come to the party.

10) Adverb of Number

Adverb of number is used to show number of action of the verb in a sentence. Adverbs of number are like firstly, secondly, once,
yearly, never, twice, lastly, etc.

For example:

I eat food twice a day. (in this sentence, 'twice' is an adverb of number)
He saw me once. (in this sentence, 'once' is an adverb of number, however it can also be an adverb of time depends on
how it is used in the sentence).

Pages

Adjective
Adverb
Conjunction
Determiner
Interjection
Noun
Preposition
Pronoun
Verb

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Types of Articles - Examples

Popular Article Example

Popular articles from credible sources are considered "Serious, not Scholarly". They are published in magazines like Newsweek, Scientific
American, Prevention, etc. They can also be found in newspapers and reference sources.
Reducing Rural Suicide

Original Research Article Example

Original research articles are based on an experiment or study. They will have a methodology section that tells how the experiment was set up
and conducted, a results or discussion section, and usually a conclusion section.

In psychology courses, you are often asked to find empirical articles. Empirical articles are original research articles.

Bicultural competence, acculturative family distancing, and future depression in Latino/a college students: A moderated mediation model.

Review Article Example

Review articles are written to bring together and summarize the results/conclusions from multiple original research articles/studies. They will not
usually have a methodology section, and they generally have very extensive bibliographies.

Crime and socioeconomic conditions: Evidence for non-cultural domain specificity in evolutionary forensic psychology

What is Preposition

Preposition is one of the important parts of speech of English grammar. It is very essential while making a sentence as it provide additional and
necessary details. Prepositions in English are words giving information to the readers such as where something takes place, when something takes
place, why something takes place, general descriptive information, etc. Prepositions work in groups of words (also called prepositional phrases)
and do not stand alone.

List of prepositions

Some preposition words are like about, till, out, above, against, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, through, up, upon, within, during,
except, for, from, in, off, on, onto, opposite, near, of, behind, inside, into, outside, around, before, among, to, along, at, toward, under, underneath,
across, like, until, with, beyond, by, down, since, without, after, etc.

For example:

My class teacher laughed. (this is a correct sentence, however does not provide much detail about the situation without a preposition
word)
My class teacher laughed at the joke. (in this sentence, preposition word is used properly which gives us much detail about the
situation)
It is a box for (Preposition word 'for' is showing the relationship between box and rice)
I saw a cat under the table. (Preposition word 'under' is showing the relationship between cat and table)

Types of Preposition

There are various types of prepositions described below with proper definition and examples:

Simple Preposition
Compound Preposition
Phrase Preposition
Participle Preposition
Double Preposition
Other Preposition (preposition of place, preposition of time, preposition of direction)
Simple Preposition

Simple prepositions are used in the simple sentences. Some of the simple prepositions are in, on, at, to, from, with, by, about, over, under, off, of,
for, etc.

For example:

I am not going with

She is waiting in the park.
Dad is going to the market.

Compound Preposition

Compound prepositions are used to join two nouns, pronouns or phrases. Some of the compound prepositions are about, across, among, beside,
before, above, along, inside, between, around, behind, below, beneath, etc.

For example:

My city is located between two mountains.

I will finish the lunch before
I want to know about

Phrase Preposition

Prepositional phrases are groups of words having prepositions indicating relationships among various elements in the sentence. Some of the
phrase prepositions are according to, an account of, in spite of, in front of, for the sake of, in order to, by means of, with reference to, in addition
to, due to, etc.

For example:

I returned home due to condolence in the college.

According to me, there were three mango trees in the garden.
I work hard in order to maintain my position in the class.

Participle Preposition

A participle preposition is a participle (like an, ed, or ing verb) which acts as a preposition such as assuming, considering, barring, given,
concerning, notwithstanding, pending, during, regarding, respected, provided, etc.

For example:

I get sick during summer season.

I would like to speech regarding healthy food.
My project work is still pending.
I think I can pass the exam easily considering my hard work.
Double Preposition

Double prepositions are words having two prepositions (joined together to make a whole new one) such as into, onto, outside of, out of, within,
from behind, because of, etc.

For example:

We need to solve three questions out of

We won the game just because of
I need to complete my project within four days.

Other Types of Prepositions

Following are other types of prepositions:

Preposition of Place

Prepositions of place are used to show the place where something is located such as at, in, on, while, during, near, over, under, between, behind,
etc.

For example:

Dog is on the floor.

My home is near to the office.
My home is behind the metro station.
Mom is in the room.

Preposition of Time:

Prepositions of time are used to indicate time of an action or time relationship between nouns in the sentence. Such as at, to, in, etc.

For example:

I go to school daily at nine oclock.

My result gets declared in March.

Preposition of Direction

Prepositions of direction are used to indicate direction of someone or something in the sentence such as over, under, to, on, into, in, onto, right,
left, etc.

For example:

It's time to go to
The train is going into the tunnel.
We are going over the bridge.
TYPES OF CONJUNCTION

Coordinating Conjunctions

These conjunctions are used to link or join two words or phrases that are equally important and complete in terms of grammar when compared
with each other. That is to say, the sentences or words do not depend on anything to give themselves meaning.

There are seven main coordinating conjunctions -

For Nor Or

And But Yet

Soon

As you can see, these conjunctions are arranged in this way to provide the mnemonic acronym of FANBOYS so that it is easier to remember
them. These conjunctions are always placed between the two clauses or words that they are joining. The following are some examples of the
coordinating conjunctions -

Chris does not want tea. Chris does not want coffee. - Chris does not want tea or coffee..

Subordinating Conjunctions

These conjunctions are used to join an independent and complete clause with a dependent clause that relies on the main clause for meaning and
relevance. The dependent clause cannot exist on its own as a sentence and often does not make sense without the main clause.

The subordinating conjunction always comes before the dependent clause but the dependent clause itself can be placed either ahead of or
following the independent clause.

Since they had misbehaved, the boys were given one week suspensions from school.

Here, we see the dependent clause is they had misbehaved which is not a valid sentence by itself.

The independent main clause is the boys were given one week suspensions from school.

They are joined by the subordinating conjunction since.

He was fond of playing basketball because it was his fathers favourite game.

In this sentence, because is the subordinating conjunction as it introduces the dependent clause it was his fathers favourite game

The main clause in this sentence is he was fond of playing basketball as it is the sentence which can be said independently and still be
grammatically correct.

Other subordinating conjunctions are - Although, As, Before, Once, Though, Until, Whether, etc.

Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative Conjunctions are simply pairs of conjunctions used in a sentence to join different words or groups of words in a sentence together.
Correlative Conjunctions are generally not used to link sentences themselves, instead they link two or more words of equal importance within the
sentence itself. Some of the more commonly used correlative conjunctions are -

Both the shoes and the dress were completely overpriced.

 This is an example of using the correlative conjunctions both/and in a sentence. As you can see in this sentence, the shoes and the
dress were equally important elements that needed to be given the same importance.

They should either change their strategy or just forfeit the game.

The either/or conjunctions are used to suggest a choice between two options. Here the choice being suggested is between - change
their strategy or forfeit the game.

Just as she loves hiking so she enjoys travelling as well.

The correlative conjunctions just as/so are used to link two phrases that have a similar theme or are referring to a similar thing
together. This conjunction is used to show the correspondence between two phrases or words.

He neither helps around the house nor does he look for a job.

Neither/nor are conjunctions that are used to deny or negate words and phrases. In the case of neither, it gives two options that
are both negated. Nor is the negative form of or.

Not only does he play the lead guitar but he is also the bands songwriter.

The correlative conjunctions not only/but are used to show an additional and important element in the sentence that is used to
indicate excess when combined with the first element. For instance, in this sentence the fact that he is a guitarist and a song writer are
equally important but when shown together, they indicate an excess of talent in the person.

It doesnt matter whether the roses are fresh or if they are drooping, just buy them.

Whether/or is used as a conjunction to show two different options in the sentence. The conjunction can be used both in a manner of
negation and confirmation.

What is Interjection
Interjection is one of the parts of speech used to express a particular emotion or sentiment (strong feeling or sudden
emotion like surprise, joy, excitement, disgust, enthusiasm, sorrow, approval, calling, attention, etc) of the speaker
to the reader. Interjection words are generally used at the beginning of a sentence. Sometimes, it is used as a single
word or non-sentence phrase and followed by the punctuation mark. Some other interjection words used as
introductory expressions such as yes, no, well, indeed, etc. A comma (for a mild interjection) or an exclamation
mark (for surprising, emotional, or deep feeling interjections) is used after the use of an interjection word in a
sentence.

List of Interjection

Aah, Ahh, Aww, Bingo, Eh, Eww, Wow, Hey, Well, What, Hurrah, Hmph, Oh, Oops, Ouch, Shh, Uh oh, Whew,
Yay/Yaay, Yeah, Yikes, Yippee, Uh, Hush, Hmm, Er, Um, Bravo, Hello, Ugh, Ah, Ha ha, Well done, Alas, Fie, Hi,
Yes, Ouch, Help, Happy Birthday, Good morning, dear, Hark, oops, huh, yum, oy, etc.

For example:

Good! Now we can celebrate the party.

Oh, what's a surprise.
Hey! Get out of the building!
Yes! I can do it easily.
 No! I run so long.
Well! I have a good news.

Types of Interjection

Interjection is divided into following types on the basis of way to express interjections in the sentence such as greeting, joy, surprise, approval,
sorrow, attention, and calling.

Interjection for Greeting

This type of interjection is used in the sentence to indicate the emotion of warmth to the person meeting with such as hey, hello, hi, etc.

For example:

Hey! Nice to see you here in the party.

Hello! I am Pooja.

Interjection for Joy

This type of interjection is used in the sentence to indicate immediate joy and happiness on any happy occasion occurred such as hurrah, wow,
hurray, etc.

For example:

Wow! You are looking gorgeous.

Hurray! We successfully won this football match.

Interjection for Approval

This type of interjection is used in the sentence to express the strong sense of approval or agreement for something that has happened such as well
done, bravo, brilliant, etc.

For example:

Well done! You win the race.

Bravo! The first rank is yours this year.

Interjection for Attention

This type of interjection is used in the sentence to draw attention of someone such as look, behold, listen, hush, etc.

For example:

Look! You so arrogant.

 Listen! I have never copied you.
Behold! Someone strange is there.

Interjection for Surprise

This type of interjection is used in the sentence to express the strong sense of surprise about something that has happened such as ha, what, hey,
ah, oh, eh, etc.

For example:

What! You failed.

Oh! Really you completed the task, I can't believe.
Ah! I got new job.

Interjection for Sorrow

This type of interjection is used in the sentence to express the emotion of sadness about something unfortunate has happened such as alas, ouch,
ah, oh, etc.

For example:

Alas! He is no more.
Ouch! It's very paining.