Examples

A new highway or public transport service increases a community's access to other areas.
This increases businesses' labor pool, reduces their costs to obtain input materials and
services, and expands their potential market. This may increase "economies of scale" in
production processes, which means higher productivity through lower costs per unit of
output.
Improved accessibility may increase workers' ability to access education and employment
opportunities (increasing their productivity and incomes), and increase residents' access
to more shopping opportunities (providing financial savings), and increase access
to recreation and cultural opportunities (increasing their welfare).
Mobility management strategies, such as more efficient road pricing, can improve travel
time reliability, which reduces logistics and scheduling costs beyond just the travel time
savings.
New transportation links between cities and ports, and new types of inter-modal facilities
and services at those locations, make it possible for new patterns of international trade to
develop. In some cases, the new links may improve the efficiency of business
customer/client visits as well as product deliveries.
1. Set the framework for the analysis. Specify the program or policy change and the
current status quo, or the state of the world before implementation compared to after. With
regards to policy debate, the status quo refers to how conditions are at the time and how the
affirmative team can solve these conditions. Framework: a basic conceptional structure, or
a skeletal, openwork, or structural frame
Add Ons:
A detailed description of alternatives Examples
o An analysis of alternatives (AoA) is an analytical comparison of the operational
effectiveness, cost, and risks of proposed materiel solutions to gaps and shortfalls
in operational capability. AoAs document the rationale for identifying and
recommending a preferred solution or solutions to the identified shortfall
An analysis of short-term impact as differentiated from long-term impact Examples
o Short run: Quantity of labor is variable but quantity of capital
and production processes are fixed (i.e. taken as given)
o Long run: Quantity of labor, quantity of capital, and production
processes are all variable (i.e. changeable)
Any secondary effects, which may be in the form of changes in the patterns of social
and economic activities. Examples
o If the Road construction affect the daily activities of area.
o
Probable adverse environmental effects that cannot be avoided if the project is
constructed.
o Ecological impacts, at small scales, heavy metal molecules accumulate in soils
adjacent to roads. At intermediate scales, roads disrupt soil structures and
 hydrological pathways and alter plant and animal communities. At large scales
(regions to nation), roads alter migration patterns and increase spread of exotic
organisms.
o Hydrological and Geomorphological Changes Landscape changes result when roads
alter the hydrological and geomorphological aspects of watersheds and
landscapes. They can cause important changes (some for short periods, others
for longer periods) in fluvial dynamics, sediment production, and chemical
balances, which can adversely affect floodplain functioning and alter ecological
conditions in aquatic and riparian areas
o Water Quality The most observable abiotic environmental consequence of roads
is the contribution of motor vehicles on paved roads to water pollution. However,
this contribution cannot be disassociated from the surrounding land use.

Pictures on:
topography, geology, climate, and traffic volumes
land use and zoning patterns
wildlife; location of recreational, historic, and archeological sites; and the possible effects
of air, noise, and water pollution.
unit costs for construction and the trend of agricultural, commercial, and industrial
activities.

Preliminary Location Survey:

Economic Evaluation
Final Location Survey