Rhetoric

Figure based on Similarity

1. Simile: - In a simile, an explicit comparison is made between two different things or ideas.
2. Metaphor: - In a metaphor, an implied comparison is made between two different things or ideas.
3. Allegory: - A detailed comparison is made between two unallied subjects is made, with a moral undertone.

Figure based on Association

1. Metonymy:- the name of one thing is substituted for that of another when these two things are loosely associated.
2. Synecdoche One thing is substituted for that of another, when these two things are closely associated.
3. Transferred Epithet an epithet is transferred from the proper subject to an accompanying thing.
4. Allusion a word or expression used to recall one mind some notable character, memorable event, legend,
writing or saying of the past.

Figure based on Contrast

1. Antithesis- contrasted words or ideas are placed together in a balanced from for the sake of emphasis.
2. Epigram- there is a shocking contradiction in the apparent meaning of the expression or statement, but there is an
underlying significance.
3. Oxymoron- two contradictory words are juxtaposed for a striking effect.
4. Climax- words or ideas are arranged in an ascending order of importance.
5. Anti-Climax- There is sudden fall from the lofty to the mean thought in order to exile laughter or redicule.

Figure based on Imagination-

1. Personification nature an in animate object or an abstract idea is invested with the attribute of aliving being.
2. Personal metaphor- a personal attribute is given to an element of nature in a manner that implies a comparison
with a living being.
3. Pathetic Fallacy- Nature is represented as showing interest in human action, either by sympathy or by antipathy.
4. Apostrophe- A short impassioned address is made to nature, an inanimate object or an abstract idea, or to a dead,
or absent person imagining the same as living or present.
5. Vision- an absent picture is vividly represented.
6. Hyperbole- an exaggerated statement is made.

Figure based on indirectness-

1. Innuendo - A thing is insinuated or hinted, instead of being plainly stated, for the purpose of damaging ones
character or reputation.
2. Irony- The contrary of what is meant is stated, and the purpose is to hurt some person or persons.
3. Periphrasis- A thing or idea is expressed in a round-about way.
4. Euphemism- A harsh or disagreeable statement is softened down and expressed in a pleasing way.

Figure based on sound-

1. Pun- there is duplicity of meaning under the unity of sound.

2. Onomatopoeia the sound of a word echoes its sense.
3. Alliteration- The same letter or sound is repeated at the beginning of successive or nearly successive words.

Figure based on Construction-

1. Interrogation- A question is raised. But the answer to it is implied in its very form.
2. Exclamation- An expression of emotion or desire, introduced generally by an interjection or by the word, oh,how or
what or like is made.