Name of Student Nikki Cheng

Grade _________Y9hope________________

Teacher ________Mr.Ng______________________________________

Experiment to investigate the effect of the concentration of HCl on the amount of hydrogen gas
produced.

LABORATORY REPORT MYP 5

Investigation Question

How does (or To what extent does) the different concentration of hydrochloric acid affect the
volume of hydrogen gas produced.

Background to the Investigation question

The aim of the experiment is to compare and find out the rate of reaction between magnesium
ribbons and the concentration of Hydrochloric acid. The concentration are: 50ml, 40ml, 30ml, 20ml,
and 10ml.

The rate of reaction will be measured by seeing how much water is left in the measuring cylinder,
we will need to read and record down the water level between each 10 seconds. As the
magnesium is put in to the acid, and the bung is secure, the Hydrogen gas will travel from the
delivery tube and into the measuring cylinder filled will water. The lower the water level the higher
the rate of reaction.

The average rate of reaction could be calculated by using the following equation:
Rate of reaction = Total change in height of the water level total time taken for the change (which
in our case is 10s)

In order to compare the rate of reaction with the different concentration of hydrochloric acid, it
should be calculated by using the following equation:

rate of reaction between different concentration = volume of hydrogen gas produced against time.

After calculating the rate of reaction for different concentration, it would be clear which
concentration have the highest rate of reaction.

We did do a similar experiment in class, for example, when we did an experiment of where we will
need to add sodium thiosulphate with hydrochloric acid, where we will need to change the
concentration of hydrochloric acid to see the rate of reaction. The difference is that we are
recording down the data at regular time intervals, and we will need to see the water level instead of
stopping the stopwatch when the x disappear.
For a reaction to occur, effective collision is needed between the reactants. The collision must have
enough energy to pass the energy barrier and form bonds, the reactants also need to collide in the
right direction, otherwise, the reaction will not happen.

If we can make some changes to let the frequency of effective collision increase, then we can
increase the rate of reaction. One of the factors that increases the frequency of effective collision is
the concentration. Concentration is when more molecules are in one space. When the reactants
are more crowded, the chances of effective collision increases.

Hypothesis

I hypothesise that the higher the acids concentration is, the higher the volume of hydrogen gas
produced will be.

Because when the concentration of the reactants is higher, the particles will become more
crowded, making the frequency of collision will increase, and the chances of effective collision will
increase too. Therefore the rate of reaction will also be faster. Since the rate of reaction will be
faster, there will be more hydrogen gas produced within the set amount of time.

Independent variable

Amount of water add

Amount of Hydrochloric add

Unit(s) of IV
cm 3

Range of IV measured

The concentration will be different, this will be done by changing the amount of water added and
the amount of Hydrochloric acid. The total volume should be the same and the amount of water
and acid should be change at a 10cm3 interval.

Dependent variable

Hydrogen Gas produced (the rate of gas bubbles produced)

Duration of experiment (if the acid was in excess)

Unit(s) of DV
cm3
seconds
Controlled variable

Total Volume of Liquid - This will need to be control because if the amount of liquid is different, then
the concentration will alter again and be hard to calculate.

Magnesium - This will need to stay the same because if it changes, it will change the reaction time
too. (both the length and the amount put in the chemical)

Temperature - The temperature should stay at room temperature because it can change the rate of
reaction.

Materials / Equipment List

1x Conical Flask (100 cm3)
1x Single Hole Rubber Bung
1x Delivery Tube for Conical Flask
1x Clamp and Stand
1x Stopwatch
2x Measuring Cylinders (250 cm3)
1x Glass Trough
7x Magnesium Ribbons
250ml Dilute Hydrochloric Acid (1M)

Risk Assessment:

*Hydrogen gas produced needs to be handle with care Hydrogen gas is flammable, and it can
also react with oxygen.
*Lab coat and goggles must be worn To avoid having acid splash to eyes or on clothes
*No flames or source of ignition nearby Hydrogen gas is flammable.
*Do not drink the acid or the water Unhygienic and it will burn the oesophagus.
*If theres any skin contact with hydrochloric acid, wash hands (or where the hydrochloric acid went
on) immediately. Because Hydrochloric acid is corrosive, and can cause rashes.

Method / Procedure

1. Set up the apparatus: put water in the glass trough until it is nearly full, fill up 250ml into the
measuring cylinder, cover the mouth of the measuring cylinder with hand and immerse it into
the water and place it on top of the delivery tube, make sure that not a lot of the water come
out. Secure the measuring cylinder with a clamp.
2. Measure 50ml of hydrochloric acid with a measuring cylinder and pour it into the conical flask.
Place the conical flask next to the glass trough.
3. Place the magnesium ribbon in to the conical flask and secure the mouth with the bung, so no
gas will escape from the conical flask.
4. start the stopwatch as soon as the magnesium ribbon is place into the acid, every 10 seconds,
record down the volume of water left in the measuring cylinder.
5. When theres no more bubbles, stop the stopwatch and pour out the acid and water into the
sink, set up the apparatus again like in step 1.
6. repeat step 4 and 5 but with more water and less hydrochloric with10ml interval.

Raw Results
Qualitative Observations

We can see the bubbles traveling from the delivery tube into the measuring cylinder
When we feel the conical flask, it is warm, because the reaction take place in there.

Conclusion:

My hypothesis was correct, the higher the concentration of the acid, the faster the rate of reaction,
which can be seen from the raw results table. The graph showed that the higher the concentration
of the hydrochloric acid is, the more volume of hydrogen gas is produced within 200 seconds.
This proves that the concentration does affect the rate of reaction.
As you can see from the graph, the slope started of steep, and it gradually became less steep until
it stopped, which indicates that the reaction stop (no more hydrogen gas is produced) or that the
reaction takes too long to complete.

For the graph that compares the amount of gas produced at regular time intervals, it can be seen
that the 50cm3 one have a steep slope, and went less steep, and finally, a straight line. Which
means that the magnesium ribbon/acid is used up, and the reactions stopped.
For the 40cm3 one, it also started of with a steep slope, and gradually got less steep. Theres also
an sudden drop in the graph. This might suggest that the reaction is staring to slow down, but
according to the plots, it is supposed to be in a straight line, so there might be some errors there.

For one of the similar experiment that we did (sodium thiosulphate with different level of
concentration)

Evaluation of the Method and Suggested Improvements

Problems with the experiment
Some of the gas bubble went in
the measuring cylinder when
placing it into the glass trough /
Some of the water might escape
from the measuring cylinder when
placing it into the glass trough
The effect caused by the Suggested improvements
problem
Due to the reason that the starting We can do the experiments more
volume is 250ml, if any of the than two times and calculate the
bubbles went in or the water average in order to obtain a more
spilled out, it will no longer be accurate result.
250ml. Although it will not make a
very big difference, the results will
still be altered.

The amount of water and acid
measured might be close to the
amount of chemicals needed, but
there will be more or less.
The error is also not very
significant, because it is only a
slight difference (barely one
centimetre cube), but because
there is still a slight difference, so
it will still affect the results.
We can do the experiments more
than two times and calculate the
average in order to obtain a more
accurate result.

After we wash the conical flask,
we did not dry it for the next
experiment, so water still remains
in there.
This error is can affect the For every experiment, we can use
experiment because what we use a new conical flask to avoid the
to change the concentration is extra water than can affect the
water, and having extra water in concentration of the acid.
the flask might have affect the
concentration, which will also
affect the results.

There were also slight errors in
timing, because we are not sure
when the reaction ends, because
sometimes it just take really long
to produce the gas, so it is hard to
get the precise timing.
This error can affect the results. We can do the experiments more
Since the dependent variable is than two times and calculate the
time, and if we are faulty with our average in order to obtain a more
timing, the results will be change. accurate result.

Somethings we can do is to change the experiment is to change the metals instead of the
concentration, and see which metal take have the highest rate of reaction.

Another way we can change the experiment is to keep the concentration and the reactants the
same, but change the temperature and compare the differences.

bibliography:
1. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_rates.html
2. The Rate of Reaction of Magnesium with Hydrochloric Acid." - Learn Chemistry. N.p., n.d.
Web. 26 Sept. 2016. <http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resource/res00001916/the-rate-of-
reaction-of-magnesium-with-hydrochloric-acid?cmpid=CMP00006119>.

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