WHO WAS OVİD?

• BORN : March 20,43 BCE .SULMO. Roman Republic

• DİED:17 or 18 CE.TOMİS(Present Constanţa), Syhtia Minor, Greek colony
• Educated in Rome.
• Known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who is
best known as the author of the three major collections of erotic poetry:
Heroides, Amores, and Ars Amatoria. He is also well known for the
Metamorphoses
• One loss which Ovid himself informs us of is the first five-book edition of
the Amores from which nothing has come down to us. The greatest loss is
Ovid's only tragedy, Medea, from which only a few lines are preserved.
Quintilian admired the work a great deal and considered it a prime
example of Ovid's poetic talent.
• The first 25 years of Ovid's literary career were spent primarily writing
poetry in elegiac meter with erotic themes.The chronology of these early
works is not secure, however, tentative dates have been established by
scholars. His earliest extant work is thought to be the Heroides, letters of
mythological heroines to their absent lovers, whichmay have been
published in 19 BCE.
• He married three times and divorced twice by the time he was thirty years
old. However, he only had one daughter
• Ovid talks more about his own life than most other Roman poets.
Information about his biography is drawn primarily from his poetry,
especially Tristia.
 METAMORPHOSES
• The Metamorphoses, by the Roman
poet Ovid,
is a narrative poem in fifteen books
that describes
the history of the world from
creation to the deification
of Julius Caesar within a loose
mythico-historical framework.
• Completed in AD 8, it is recognized
as a masterpiece of Golden Age
Latin literature.
• The most read of all classical
works during the Middle Ages, the
Metamorphoses continues
to exert a profound influence on
Western culture.
• It also remains the favourite work of
reference for Greek myth.
• Metamorphoses was already
completed in the year of exile,
missing only the final revision.In
exile, Ovid said he never gave a
final review on the poem.
• Almost 250 different myths are mentioned.
• The first book describes the formation of the world, the ages of man,
the flood, the story of Daphne's rape by Apollo and Io's by Jupiter.
• The second book opens with Phaethon and continues describing the love
of Jupiter with Callisto and Europa.
• The third book focuses on the mythology of Thebes with the stories of
Cadmus, Actaeon, and Pentheus.
• The fourth book focuses on three lovers: Pyramus and Thisbe, Salmacis
and Hermaphorditus, and Perseus and Andromeda.
• The fifth book focuses on the song of the Muses, which describes the
rape of Proserpina.
• The sixth book is a collection of stories about the rivalry between gods
and mortals, beginning with Arachne and ending with Philomela.
• The seventh book focuses on Medea, as well as Cephalus and Procris.
• The eighth book focuses on Daedalus' flight, the Calydonian boar hunt,
and the contrast between pious Baucis and Philemon and the wicked
Erysichthon.
• The ninth book focuses on Heracles and the incestuous Byblis.
• The tenth book focuses on stories of doomed love, such as Orpheus,
who sings about Hyacinthus, as well as Pygmalion, Myrrha, and Adonis.
• The eleventh book compares the
marriage of Peleus and Thetis with
the love of Ceyx and Alcyone.
• The twelfth book moves from myth
to history describing the exploits of
Achilles, the battle of the centaurs,
and Iphigeneia.
• The thirteenth book discusses the
contest over Achilles' arms, and
Polyphemus.
• The fourteenth moves to Italy,
describing the journey of Aeneas,
Pomona and Vertumnus, and
Romulus.
• The final book opens with a
philosophical lecture by Pythagoras
and the deification of Caesar.
• The end of the poem praises
Augustus and expresses Ovid's belief
that his poem has earned him
immortality.
 WHO WAS MEDEA ?
• A woman in Greek
mythology
• The daughter of King Aeetes
of Colchis.Granddaughter of
the sun god Helios
• The wife of hero Jason
• Had two children:Mermeros
and Pheres
• Jason leaves Medea when
Creon ,king of Corinth,offers
him his daughter,Glauce
• The play tells of how Medea
gets her revenge on her
husband for this betrayal
 LET’S KNOW THEM
• Medea.Sorceress with wondrous powers who falls desperately in love with Jason after he
arrives in Colchis, on the Black Sea, in quest of the fabled Golden Fleece, a coat of golden
wool sheared from a ram. She is the daughter of the King of Aea in Colchis and
granddaughter of the sun god, Helios.
• Jason.Heroic but selfish and ambitious son of Aeson, King of Iolchos in Thessaly, Greece.
Renowned for his bravery in retrieving the Golden Fleece, he seeks to capitalize on his
fame by pledging to marry Glauce, the daughter of Creon, King of Corinth, even though he
has already been married for several years to Medea and fathered two sons.
• Creon, King of Corinth. He banishes Medea out of fear that she will harm his daughter.
• Princess Glauce. Daughter of Creon. She has no lines in the play but serves an important
purpose as the object of Medea's jealousy and wrath.
• Nurse. Nanny to the two sons of Medea and Jason. She is loyal to Medea and bemoans
her ill treatment by Jason.
• Two Sons of Medea and Jason. Although these little boys are merely a presence in the
play, their welfare is a central issue in the play. Their only lines are shouts near the end of
the play when their mother is about to kill them.
• Guardian. He watches over the children when they are at play.
• Aegeus, King of Athens. He promises to shelter Medea after she leaves Corinth..
• Chorus of Women. They sympathize and commiserate with Medea while commenting on
Jason's conduct and Medea's plan to gain revenge against him.
• Messenger. He informs Medea of the death of Creon and Glauce, describing in gruesome
detail–at Medea's request–the agonies they experienced in their final moments.
 THEMES
• Theme 1. Unbridled desire for revenge can have tragic consequences. Medea's
thirst for venegeance rules her, overcoming all of her other emotions, even her love
for her children.
• Theme 2. Women are second-class citizens in Greek society. Men treat women as
mere objects in the Greece of the mythological Jason and Medea–and of the real-life
Euripides–expecting women to do their will without complaint.
• Theme 3. Human beings–not fate, not the gods, not bad luck–are the authors of
their own misfortunes. More so than other playwright or poet in ancient Athens,
Euripides realized that men and women created than own destinies. This was a
controversial idea in his time, and his critics excoriated him for it because they
believed it was a sign that he rejected the gods of Olympus. However, Euripides was
merely presenting life as it was. In this respect, he was an innovator far ahead of his
time.
• Theme 4. Children suffer for the sins of their parents. Jason commits an inexcusable
offense against Medea when he rejects her to marry Princess Glauce and thereby
further his career. In retaliation, Medea commits an even greater wrong by
murdering her own children, along with the princess and the king. Medea’s sin is like
that of a woman who aborts a child simply because she has control over it and can
dispose of it without impunity.
• Theme 5. Civilized Greece can be just as barbaric as uncivilized Colchis. The
Corinthians regard Medea as crude and uncivilized, but Jason proves that he and his
fellow Greeks–though claiming that justice and virtue are hallmarks of their society–
can be just as barbaric as uncultured outsiders for distant lands.
• Theme 6. Blind passion can subdue all other emotions. Medea's love for Jason is all
consuming. So is her hatred for him after he abandons her. In each case, she is
willing to feed her powerful passion whatever the cost.
 PLOT SUMMARY
• Medea's role began after Jason arrived from Iolcus to
Colchis(The old kingdom of Georgia) to claim his inheritance
and throne by retrieving the Golden Fleece.
• Medea fell in love with him and promised to help him, but only
on the condition that if he succeeded, he would take her with
him and marry her. Jason agreed.
• In a familiar mythic motif, Aeëtes promised to give him the
fleece, but only if he could perform certain tasks. First, Jason
had to plough a field with fire-breathing oxen that he had to
yoke himself.
• Finally, Aeëtes made Jason fight and kill the sleepless dragon
that guarded the fleece. Medea put the beast to sleep with her
narcotic herbs. Jason then took the fleece and sailed away
with Medea, as he had promised.
• Apollonius says that Medea only
helped Jason in the first place
because Hera had convinced
Aphrodite or Eros to cause
Medea to fall in love with him.
Medea distracted her father as
they fled by killing her brother
Absyrtus.
• In some versions, Medea is said
to have dismembered his body
and scattered his parts on an
island, knowing her father
would stop to retrieve them for
proper burial; in other versions,
it is Absyrtus himself who
pursued them, and was killed
by Jason. During the fight,
Atalanta was seriously
wounded, but Medea healed
her.
• On the way back to Thessaly, Medea
prophesied that Euphemus, the Argo's
helmsman, would one day rule over all Libya.
This came true through Battus, a descendant
of Euphemus.
• The Argo then reached the island of Crete,
guarded by the bronze man, Talos. Talos had
one vein which went from his neck to his
ankle, bound shut by a single bronze
nail.Medea hypnotized him from the Argo,
driving him mad so that he dislodged the
nail, ichor flowed from the wound, and he
bled to death. After Talos died, the Argo
landed.
• While Jason searched for the Golden Fleece, Hera,
who was still angry at Pelias, conspired to make him
fall in love with Medea, who she hoped would kill
Pelias.
• When Jason and Medea returned to Iolcus, Pelias
still refused to give up his throne. Medea conspired
to have Pelias' own daughters kill him. She told
them she could turn an old ram into a young ram by
cutting up the old ram and boiling it (alternatively,
she did this with Aeson, Jason's father). During the
demonstration, a live, young ram jumped out of the
pot. Excited, the girls cut their father into pieces
and threw him into a pot. Having killed Pelias, Jason
and Medea fled to Corinth.
• In Corinth, Jason abandoned Medea for the king's
daughter, Glauce. Medea took her revenge by
sending Glauce a dress and golden coronet, covered
in poison. This resulted in the deaths of both the
princess and the king, Creon, when he went to save
her. According to the tragic poet Euripides, Medea
continued her revenge, murdering her two children
by Jason. Afterward, she left Corinth and flew to
Athens in a golden chariot driven by dragons sent by
her grandfather Helios, god of the sun.
• Fleeing from Jason, Medea made her way to Thebes
where she healed Heracles (the former Argonaut) for
the murder of Iphitus. In return, Heracles gave her a
place to stay in Thebes until the Thebans drove her
out in anger, despite Heracles' protests.
• She then fled to Athens where she met and
married Aegeus. They had one son, Medus,
although Hesiod makes Medus the son of
Jason.Her domestic bliss was once again shattered
by the arrival of Aegeus' long-lost son,
Theseus.Determined to preserve her own son's
inheritance, Medea convinced her husband that
Theseus was a threat and that he should be
disposed of. As Medea handed Theseus a cup of
poison, Aegeus recognized the young man's sword
as his own, which he had left behind many years
previous for his newborn son, to be given to him
when he came of age. Knocking the cup from
Medea's hand, Aegeus embraced Theseus as his
own.
• Medea then returned to Colchis and, finding
that Aeëtes had been deposed by his brother,
promptly killed her uncle, and restored the
kingdom to her father. Herodotus reports
another version, in which Medea and her son
Medus fled from Athens to the Iranian plateau
and lived among the Aryans, who then changed
their name to the Medes

İt was the end as you see Medea can reach her

goal,can get her revenge