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Tim Mackie
Traditional View:
View:
Heaven
Earthly life Death password moment Life after Death
Hell
Biblical View:
View:
PRESENT INTERMEDIATE AGE TO
AGE STATE COME
1:26-28 26Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule
Genesis 1:26-
over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the
creatures that move along the ground." 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of
God he created him; male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, "Be
fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of
the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground."
Humans are royal representatives of the Creator called to oversee the flourishing of Gods
world.
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2:7-8 7 And the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his
Genesis 2:7-
nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. 8 Now the LORD God had planted a
garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed
A soul is the living individual, not in the sense of an separate indestructible spiritual
substance, but in the sense of concrete, needy, physical life (see Psalm 42:1) William Dyrness,
Outline of Old Testament Theology.
2:15-17 15The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and
Genesis 2:15-
take care of it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, "You are free to eat from any tree in the
garden; 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of
it you will surely die."
Summary:
Trust and obedience results in LIFE
Rebellion and mistrust results in DEATH
Spiritual Death:
Death: Moral and spiritual separation from God:
2:1-2 And you were dead in your trespasses and sins, 2in which you formerly
Ephesians 2:1-
walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air,
of the spirit that is now working in those who are disobedient.
Physical Death:
Death: A schism between the material and immaterial:
Genesis 3:19 19 By the sweat of your face You will eat bread, Till you return to the ground,
Because from it you were taken; For you are dust, And to dust you shall return."
Ecclesiastes 12:1, 7 1Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the days of
trouble come 7before the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to
God who gave it.
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34:14-15 14 If God were to take back his spirit and withdraw his breath, 15 all life would
Job 34:14-
cease, and humanity would turn again to dust.
Key Implications:
Humans are not inherently immortal, nor is the human soul an immortal,
separable part of the human person. Humans have a material and immaterial
makeup. Death brings an unnatural schism between those two that is not
permanent or desirable.
Through his resurrection he conquers sin and death and offers us life
6:4-10 4 For we died and were buried with Christ by baptism. And just as Christ was raised
Romans 6:4-
from the dead by the glorious power of the Father, now we also may live new lives. 5 Since we have
been united with him in his death, we will also be raised to life as he was. 6 We know that our old
sinful humanity was crucified with Christ so that sin might lose its power in our lives. We are no longer
slaves to sin. 7 For when we died with Christ we were set free from the power of sin. 8 And since we
died with Christ, we know we will also live with him. 9 We are sure of this because Christ was raised
from the dead, and he will never die again. Death no longer has any power over him. 10When he
died, he died once to break the power of sin. But now that he lives, he lives for the glory of God.
Eternal Life and Eternal Death are PRESENT REALITIES that will continue on into the future.
5:24-29 24 "I tell you the truth, whoever hears my word and believes him who sent me has
John 5:24-
eternal life and will not be condemned; he has crossed over from death to life. 25I tell you the truth, a
time is coming and has now come when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who
hear will live. 26 For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son to have life in himself.
27
And he has given him authority to judge because he is the Son of Man. 28 "Do not be amazed at
this, for a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice 29 and come out-- those
who have done good will rise to live, and those who have done evil will rise to be condemned.
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17:1-3 "Father, the time has come. Glorify your Son, that your Son may glorify you. 2 For you
John 17:1-
granted him authority over all people that he might give eternal life to all those you have given him. 3
Now this is eternal life: that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have
sent.
1:13-14 13 For he has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the
Colossians 1:13-
kingdom of the Son he loves, 14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
2:1-6 And you were dead in your trespasses and sins, 2in which you formerly walked
Ephesians 2:1-
according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, of the spirit that is
now working in those who are disobedient. 4 But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in
mercy, 5 made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions-- it is by grace you have
been saved. 6 And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms in
Christ Jesus,
1:20-24 20 For I fully expect and hope that I will never be ashamed, but that I will continue
Philippians 1:20-
to be bold for Christ, as I have been in the past. And I trust that my life will bring honor to Christ,
whether I live or die. 21 For to me, living means living for Christ, and dying is even better. 22 But if I
live, I can do more fruitful work for Christ. So I really don't know which is better. 23 I'm torn between
two desires: I long to go and be with Christ, which would be far better for me. 24 But for your sakes, it
is better that I continue to live.
5:6-9 6Therefore we are always confident and know that as long as we are at home in
2 Corinthians 5:6-
the body we are away from the Lord. 7 We live by faith, not by sight. 8 We are confident, I say, and
would prefer to be away from the body and at home with the Lord. 9 So we make it our goal to
please him, whether we are at home in the body or away from it.
Those who belong to themselves: Scripture doesnt describe their existence other than
the grave
20:12-13 12 And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books
Revelation 20:12-
were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged according
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to what they had done as recorded in the books. 13 The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and
death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each person was judged according to
what he had done.
Soul Sleep: the immaterial self sleeps with Christ until the resurrection
Sleep is a common, non-literal, metaphor for death:
11
John 11:11-
11:11-13 Then Jesus said, "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, but now I will go and wake
him up." 12 The disciples said, "Lord, if he is sleeping, he will soon get better!" 13 They thought Jesus
meant Lazarus was simply sleeping, but Jesus meant Lazarus had died.
2 Corinthians 5:10 10 For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may
receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad.
20:11-13 11Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. Earth and sky
Revelation 20:11-
fled from his presence, and there was no place for them. 12 And I saw the dead, great and small,
standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the book of
life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the books. 13 The sea
gave up the dead that were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each
person was judged according to what he had done.
NOTE: This Judgment according to works must be understood in light the New Testament teaching
that because of the Spirits work in believers, all failures are forgiven and obedience is truly possible:
Romans 8:1-11 is key here.
2 Peter 3:9 9 The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient
with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance.
3:19-21 19 Man's fate is like that of the animals; the same fate awaits them both: As one
Ecclesiastes 3:19-
dies, so dies the other. All have the same breath; man has no advantage over the animal. Everything is
meaningless. 20 All go to the same place; all come from dust, and to dust all return. 21 Who knows if
the spirit of man rises upward and if the spirit of the animal goes down into the earth?"
ransom for a life is costly, no payment is ever enough-- 9 that he should live on forever and not see
decay. 10 For all can see that wise men die; the foolish and the senseless alike perish and leave their
wealth to others. 11 Their tombs will remain their houses forever, their dwellings for endless
generations, though they had named lands after themselves 15 But God will redeem my life from the
grave; he will surely take me to himself.
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25:6-8 6On this mountain the LORD Almighty will prepare a feast of rich food for all peoples,
Isaiah 25:6-
a banquet of aged wine-- the best of meats and the finest of wines. 7 On this mountain he will destroy
the shroud that enfolds all peoples, the sheet that covers all nations; 8 he will swallow up death forever.
The Sovereign LORD will wipe away the tears from all faces; he will remove the disgrace of his people
from all the earth. The LORD has spoken.
Daniel 12:1-3: Gods persecuted people can hope for final justice in the
resurrection
2
Daniel 12:2-
12:2-3 Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake: some to everlasting life,
others to shame and everlasting contempt. 3 Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the
heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever.
Hell is real, and is described by metaphor and imagery in the Bible: each
image gives us an insight into the unknown reality of eternal death.
Zephaniah 3:8 8 Therefore wait for me," declares the LORD, "for the day I will stand up to testify. I
have decided to assemble the nations, to gather the kingdoms and to pour out my wrath on them-- all
my fierce anger. The whole world will be consumed by the fire of my passionate anger.
Hell
Greek: gehenna (), comes from a Hebrew gai-ben-hinnom, and
Aramaic gai-hinnam = Valley of Hinnom a valley in SW Jerusalem.
19:2-7 [The LORD said to Jeremiah] 2Go out to the Valley of Ben Hinnom, near the
Jeremiah 19:2-
entrance of the Potsherd Gate. There proclaim the words I tell you, 3and say, 'Hear the word of the
LORD, O kings of Judah and people of Jerusalem. This is what the LORD Almighty, the God of Israel,
says: Listen! I am going to bring a disaster on this place that will make the ears of everyone who hears
of it tingle. 4 For they have forsaken me and made this a place of foreign gods; they have burned
sacrifices in it to gods that neither they nor their fathers nor the kings of Judah ever knew, and they
have filled this place with the blood of the innocent. 5They have built the high places of Baal to burn
their sons in the fire as offerings to Baal-- something I did not command or mention, nor did it enter my
mind. 6So beware, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when people will no longer call this
place Topheth [= place of burning] or the Valley of Ben Hinnom, but the Valley of Slaughter. 7 "'In
this place I will ruin the plans of Judah and Jerusalem. I will make them fall by the sword before their
enemies, at the hands of those who seek their lives, and I will give their carcasses as food to the birds
of the air and the beasts of the earth.
-
body and soul destroyed in hell (Matthew 10:28 = Luke
12:5)
Matthew 10:28 28 "Don't be afraid of those who want to kill your body; they cannot touch your soul.
Fear only God, who can destroy both soul and body in hell.
14:9-12 9 Then a third angel followed them, shouting, "Anyone who worships the beast
Revelation 14:9-
and his statue or who accepts his mark on the forehead or on the hand 10 must drink the wine of God's
anger. It has been poured full strength into God's cup of wrath. And they will be tormented with fire
and burning sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and the Lamb. 11 The smoke of their torment will
rise forever and ever, and they will have no relief day or night, for they have worshiped the beast and
his statue and have accepted the mark of his name." 12This means that God's holy people must endure
persecution patiently, obeying his commands and maintaining their faith in Jesus.
lake of fire: Revelation 20:14-15, taken from the image of fire coming
from Gods throne in Daniel 7:9-11
12
Revelation 20:12-
20:12-15 I saw the dead, both great and small, standing before God's throne. And the
books were opened, including the Book of Life. And the dead were judged according to what they
had done, as recorded in the books. 13 The sea gave up its dead, and death and the grave gave up
their dead. And all were judged according to their deeds. 14 Then death and the grave were thrown
into the lake of fire. This lake of fire is the second death. 15 And anyone whose name was not found
recorded in the Book of Life was thrown into the lake of fire.
Darkness:
Darkness Jesus refers to outer darkness: Matthew 8:12; 22:13; 25:30, taken from
plague of darkness on Egypt in Exodus 10:22-23
Remorse and Sadness = weeping and gnashing teeth: Matthew 8:12; 13:42;
22:13; 24:51; 25:30
8:11-13 11 And I tell you this, that many Gentiles will come from all over the world-- from
Matthew 8:11-
east and west-- and sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob at the feast in the Kingdom of Heaven.
12
But many Israelites-- those for whom the Kingdom was prepared-- will be thrown into outer darkness,
where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
destruction does not mean cessation of existence, but loss of purpose, i.e.
ruined, lost (see Matthew 9:17; Luke 9:24)
forever separated is literally away from the face = cut off from relationship
Hell is a necessary possibility for creatures who are given genuine freedom to choose good
or evil:
From the fundamental truth that God is love, it follows that he pays us the compliment of treating all
our actions as significant. Stanley Grenz, Theology for the Community of God, p.641.
2 Peter 3:9 The Lord is not slow in keeping his promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient
with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance.
Revelation 21:1 Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had
passed away, and there was no longer any sea.
8:19-23 19 The creation waits in eager expectation for the sons of God to be revealed. 20
Romans 8:19-
For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who
subjected it, in hope 21 that the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay and brought
into the glorious freedom of the children of God. 22 We know that the whole creation has been
groaning as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. 23 Not only so, but we ourselves,
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who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as sons, the
redemption of our bodies.
21:22-23 22 I did not see a temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the
Revelation 21:22-
Lamb are its temple. 23 The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God
gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp.
Where our minds rarely go is to the eternal state, where well spend eternitywhere well live forever
after the culminating event of human history thats linked to Christs returnour resurrection. Well reign
over a resurrected universe, centered on a resurrected earth We will eat, drink, work, play, worship,
discover, invent, and travel. Civilization will be resurrected, including human cultures with distinctive
ethnic traits. There will be both resurrected nature and human culture. Together these elements
combine to distinguish the eternal state, where God will come down and live with his people.
Randy Alcorn, Heaven