Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION 01

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 05

3. MATERIALS USED 08

4. EXPERIMENTAL WORKS 14

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 36

6. CONCLUSION 61

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 1

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

ABSTRACT:
Many of the steel building are made up with orthodox sections of steels which are designed
and built by conventional approaches. This directs to weighty or too expensive structures.
Tubular steel is the best possible alternatives to the conventional with their comparatively
better specifications. Dead weight is tending to be decreased for many structural members so it
is clear that because of the tube section, it helps in reducing overall economy. This is regarding
the economy, load carrying capacity of all members and their relative safety measures.
Economy is the main goal of the present work including comparison of conventional structures
with tubular structure for given conditions. Results show that up to 15 to 25% saving in expense
is accomplished by using tubular sections. Analysis of sheds elements was carried out by Staad
Pro V8i computer software, with manually applying Indian Standards. Several excel sheets for
various structural elements like Purlin, Roof Truss, compression member, Tension member etc.
were carried out using Microsoft office excel. Lastly estimation sheet is prepared for each
Conventional Roof Truss section as well as Tubular roof truss section.

Keywords: Conventional Steel truss, Tubular section, Staad Pro V8i, AutoCAD, IS 800 and IS 806

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 2

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

INTRODUCTION
Industrial sheds are low rise steel buildings generally used as workshops, factories or
industries in absenteeism of interior walls. Any building used by the industry to stock raw
materials is known as an industrial building. Roof truss and portal frame is used to cover and
shelter the area of an industrial building. As per the requirement of an industrial building the
suitable kind of roof truss and portal frame is utilized. There are three kinds of truss namely
Pitched roof truss, Parallel chord truss, and Trapezoidal truss. Roof truss are designed for
dead load, live load, wind load and their combinations as per Indian Standards. An economy
of an industrial building depends on the configuration of structure, type of roof truss and
portal frame utilized, forces acting on building and selection of steel sections needed as per
force employed. Steel sections are categorized namely as conventional steel section (channel,
angle, rolled etc.), and Hollow steel section (square hollow section, rectangular hollow
section, circular hollow section). The Present work includes designing Roof truss components
for an industrial building using conventional steel sections and Tubular steel sections (circular
hollow section) and selecting most suitable section according to its advantages and
disadvantages..

SCOPE OF WORK

Following points will be covered in project work

Study of design of various elements of building

Planning of various components of a building with column positioning

Introduction of STAAD.Pro

Modeling of the building in the STAAD.Pro giving all boundary conditions (supports,
loading etc)

Analysis and Design of various structural components of the modal building

Study of analysis Data of the software

Detailing of beams, columns, slab with section proportioning and reinforcement.

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 3

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

AIM OF PROJECT
This project aims for relearning of concept of structural design with the help of computer aids.
Briefly we have gone through following points through out of the project work.
Understanding of design and detailing concept.

Main objective i.e. learning of STAAD.Pro software package.

Learning of analysis and design methodology which can be very useful in the field.

Understanding of earthquake resistance design concept.

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 4

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

Approach for professional practice in the field of structural engineering

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 5

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

Introduction of Analysis and design

Analysis : Analysis of the structure means to determination of the internal forces

like axial compression bending moment, shear force etc. in the
component member for which the member are to be designed under
the action of given external load.

Design : The design is process of section percussion from the

analysis results by using suitable analysis method. The aim of
design is to achievement of an acceptable probability that
structures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their
intended life.

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 6

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

DESIGN STEPS

As the coefficient for D.L. and L.L. are different, for D.L. and
L.L. are calculated separately.

CALCULATION OF DESIGNS
DEAD LOAD
WIND LOADS
LOADS COMBINATION

CODE USED
1) IS 875 part-1-design loads (dead loads for design)
2) Is 875 part-2-imposed loads (live loads)
3) Is 875 part-3-wind load
4) Is 875 part-4-snow loads for design
5) Is 875 part-5- load combinations
6) Is 800 steel
7) Is 456 -2000 general structure use of plain and reinforced concrete

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 7

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

MATERIAL USED
1) Type of soil black soil
2) Type of truss-mono-pitch
3) Steel
4) Concrete
a)Cement
b)Sand
c)Bolder
5) Bricks

LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR DESIGN

I. For shed type buildings the following combinations of loads are considered when
there is no crane load.
II. Dead loads + imposed load(live loads)
III. Dead loads + snow loads
IV. Dead + wind loads (wind direction being normal to ridge or parallel to ridge which
ever is severe
V. Dead loads + imposed loads+ wind loads (which may not be critical in most of the
cases
VI. The third combination is considered with internal positive air pressure and internal
suction air pressure separately to determine the worst combination of wind load

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 8

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

METHODOLOGY

1) Load calculation
2) internal dimension of building
3) height of building up to eaves level
4) Location of industrial building
5) Type of roofing
6) Area of opening
7) Angle of rafter
8) Spacing between two columns
9) Number of frames

CALCULATION STEPS
IS 875- part III
Bidar industrial shed zone =03
Average wind speed =44 m/s
revised wind zone IS 875 part III zone 3
wind speed = 44m/s
Design factor
risk coefficient factor k =0.73 (IS 875 part III section 5.3.1 table no 1)
terrain and height factor k = 1.05 (category 1) flat (IS 875 part III, sec 5.3.2.2
,table 2)

Topography factor k = 1 (less than 3 ) (trusses)

(IS 875 part III, sec 5.3.3.1)
Importance factor for cyclonic region k =1
(IS 875 part III ,sec 5.3.4)
wind directionality factor k = 1
( IS 875 part III ,sec 6.1.1)
area averaging factor k = 1

(IS 875 part III ,sec 6.1.2 table 4)

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 9

 Experimental Investigation Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Brick Dust.

Problem definition
INDUSTRIAL SHED

DEAD LOAD- a constant load in a structure (such as a bridge, building, or

machine) that is due to the weight of the members, the supported structure,
and permanent attachments or accessories

LIVE LOAD-the load to which a structure is subjected in

addition to its own weight

WIND LOAD-: the load on a structure due to the action of wind

Dept of Civil, GNDEC Page 10