Mathematics Form 4

Chapter 6 : Statistics III

CHAPTER 6 : STATISTICS III

(a) Mode of a ungrounded data

Mode = the value of data with the highest frequency

Example 1 : Example 2 :
6, 7, 7, 11, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 11, 8 Score 2 4 6 8 10
5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 11, 11, 11, 13, 14 Frequency 3 15 7 12 9
mode = 11 mode = 4

Example 3 : Example 4 :
Score 0 1 2 3 4 Score 0 1 2 3 4
Frequency 1 3 7 x 5 Frequency 1 7 0 x 2
If mode = 2, the maximum value of x = ??? If mode = 3, the minimum value of x = ???
x<7 x =6 x>7 x =8

(b) Median of a ungrounded data

Median = the middle value when a set of data is arranged in ascending order

Example 1 : Example 2 :
5, 3, 3, 5, 7, 7, 1 24, 23, 12, 19, 16, 17

median = 5 17 19
median = = 18
2

Example 3 :
Number of books 1 2 3 4 5
Number of pupils 3 0 1 5 6

median = 4

Example 4 : 8 14 1 11 x 3
8 14 11 1 x 3
.
Saiz of shoes 1 2 3 4 5
8 + 14 = 11 + x + 3 8 + 14 + 11 = x + 3
Number of students 8 14 12 x 3
22 = x + 14 33 = x + 3
8=x 30 = x
median = 3, range of x = ???
8 x 30

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 Mathematics Form 4
Chapter 6 : Statistics III

(c) Mean of a ungrounded data

sum of all the values of data sum of (value frequency )

mean = mean =
the number of data total frequency

Example 1 : Example 2 :
68, 62, 84, 75, 78, 89 Mark 74 78 82 86
Frequency 5 10 2 3
68 62 84 75 78 79
mean =
6 74 (5) 78 (10) 82 ( 2) 86 (3)
mean =
= 76 5 10 2 3
= 78.6

(d) Measure of Dispersion ~ range, first / lower quartile (Q 1), third / upper quartile (Q3), interquartile range

range = ( largest smallest ) value of data

Q1 = the value that divides the values of data that are less than median into 2 equal parts
Q3 = the value that divides the values of data that are greater than median into 2 equal parts
Interquatile range = Q3 Q1

Example 1 : Example 2 :
8, 12, 6, 10, 6, 7, 13, 3, 8, 10, 13, 19
5, 30, 45, 29, 25, 6, 21, 8, 28, 4

3, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 10, 10, 12, 13, 13, 19

4, 5, 6, 8, 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 45
range = 19 3 = 16
range = 45 4 = 41 67
Q1 = = 6.5
Q1 = 6 2
Q3 = 29 12 13
Q3 = = 12.5
2
Interquartile range = 29 6 = 23
Interquartile range = 12.5 6.5 = 6

(e) Solve problem involving ungorounded data

Example 1 :

Score
third quartile = 11, x 1= ??? 3 6 x 12 14

Frequency 1 1 2 3 1 1
.

x 12
= 11
2
1, 3, 6, 6, x, x, x, 12, 14
x + 12 = 22
x = 22 12
x = 10

Example 2 :

3, 3, 6, x, x, 3

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 Mathematics Form 4
Chapter 6 : Statistics III

mode = 3, median = 4. Two new pieces of data, 4 and 7 put into the set, mean = ???

3 x mean
=4
3, 3, 3, x, x, 6 2
333556 47
3+x=8 =
8
x=83
= 4.5
x=5

(f) Class interval, lower / upper limit, lower / upper boundary, size of class interval, midpoint

Example :

Class interval 11 15 16 20 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45
.

lower limit = 16, upper limit= 20 lower boundary = 15.5, upper boundary = 20.5
lower lim it upper lim it
size of class interval = 5 midpoint =
2
= upper. B lower. B =
lower boundary upper boundary
= midpoint2 midpoint1 2
= 18

(g) Frequency table, Cumulative Frequency, Modal class, Mean, Range

Example :

Donation, x 11 15 16 20 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45
Frequency, f 1 3 6 10 11 7 2
`
Cumulative F. 1 4 10 20 31 38 40
.

modal class = the class interval with the highest frequency = 31 35

mean =
fx =
sum of (midpo int frequency )
=
f sum of frequency

13 (1) 18 (3) 23 (6) 28 (10) 33 (11) 38 (7) 43 ( 2)

= 30
40
range = midpoint of (hightest lowest ) class = 43 13 = 30

(h) Histogram, frequency polygons, ogive, first quartile, third quartile, interquartile range

Histogram Example : [ base on frequency table in (g) ]

lower / upper boundary.

frequency

**
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 Mathematics Form 4
Chapter 6 : Statistics III

the frequency polygon can be

constructed based on a histogram

Frequency Polygons Example : [ base on frequency table in (g) ]

midpoint
frequency

**
the frequency polygon should add a
class with zero frequency before the
first class and after the last class

Ogive Example : [ base on frequency table in (g) ]

upper boundary
cumulative frequency

**
add a class with zero frequency
before the first class

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 Mathematics Form 4
Chapter 6 : Statistics III

Hak cipta terpelihara Cikgu Fayruzz Naseer SMKE2 2013