Nachbin PDF

ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS
Andre Nachbin, IMPA
Ondas em Meios Desordenados
Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Colaboradores
ex-alunos de doutorado
Juan Carlos Munoz (Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia)
Daniel Alfaro (University of California at Irvine, EUA visita IMPA, 2006)
William Artiles (Inst. de Fsica Teorica, Sao Paulo)
Ailn Fabregas (visita IMPA, 2007)
George Papanicolaou (Stanford Univ., EUA)
Jean-Pierre Fouque (University of Santa Barbara, EUA)
Josselin Garnier (Jussieu, Paris VII, Franca)
Knut Slna (University of California at Irvine, EUA)
Wooyoung Choi (NJIT/New Jersey Institute of Technolgy, EUA)
Roberto Kraenkel (Inst. de Fsica Teorica, Sao Paulo)

Pesquisa em 3 frentes:
Parte A: Modelagem (FIS+MATE) e Analise

Assintotica de EDPs/OPERADORES
Parte B: Analise Assintotica de SOLUCOES de modelos

REDUZIDOS
Parte C: Analise Numerica e Computacao Cientfica

PRIMEIRA aplicacao GEOFISICA com ONDAS em

meios DESORDENADOS
DIFUSAO APARENTE

MODELO ACUSTICO 1D:

PRESSURE WAVE

VELOCITY PROFILE
EARTH CRUST 1D PROBLEM
1 p u u p
+ = 0, (z/2 ) + = 0,
(z/2 ) t z t z
c(z/2 ) Dados: p(0, t) = u(0, t) = f (t/)
p
VELO. ALEATORIA /
1/ COMPRESSIBILIDADE da CROSTA terrestre DENSIDADE

Situacao com UMA discontinuidade:

3
2
INTERFACE
1 2
0
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
p u
1/(z) + = 0
t z
u p
(z) + = 0
t z

Rz
Impedancia: i i i ; e tempo de transito x = 0
c 1 (s)ds
3
2
INTERFACE
1 2
0
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Continuidade de p e u, e usando Invariantes de Riemann

(const. ao longo de caracterticas)...

2 1 2 2 1
TRANS. = REFL. =
1 + 2 1 + 2
CONSERV: 2 + 2 = 1

1D: VARIAS CAMADAS
INFO
11
2 3

Ondas ACUSTICAS Ondas AQUATICAS (Shallow Water Theory )
Temos EDPs + PROBABILIDADE N. & Slna, Phys. Fluids 2003
ONDA TRANSMITIDA CROSTA ABAIXO ======>

0.3
0.25
MEIO MEDIANIZADO PERFIL INICIAL
0.2
0.15
0.1 PERFIL SIMULADO
0.05 APROXIMACAO TEORICA
0.05
50 40 30 20 10 0 10
DISTANCIA RELATIVA A CHEGADA
MEIO DESORDENADO
1.4
1.2
0.8
0.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
CAMADAS NA CROSTA TERRESTRE PROFUNDIDADE =======>

Resultado DETERMINISTICO a partir de modelagem ESTOCASTICA:
Impulse responses based on data and analysis

0.1
transmitted downgoing pulse
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.02
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
distance from leading front [m]
Impulse responses based on data and analysis

0.1
transmitted downgoing pulse
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.02
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
distance from front [m]

Teo. Central do Limite versus Teoria dos Campos Medios

(Wave Field): Atenuacao SUPER-estimada
EDP HIPERBOLICA: adveccao aleatoria

pulso Gaussiano (dado inicial) c/ a velo. tendo uma distribuicao normal.
40 realizations 200 realizations
1 1
0.8 0.8
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4
0.2 0.2
0 0
1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1 0.5 0 0.5 1

EDOs ALEATORIAS com 1 ESCALA de TEMPO.
Teorema de Khasminskii(*): Sejam os PVIs (, A, P)
dx
= F (t, x ; ), x (0) = x0
dt
e
dy
= F (y ), y (0) = x0 ,
d
onde F (t, ; ) e um processo estocastico estacionario satisfazendo hipoteses de ergodicidade etc..., com
1
Z T
F (x) lim E{F (t, x; )}dt.
T T 0
Entao

sup E{|x (t) y (t)|} na escala de tempo 1/.
0t
(*) R.Z. Khasminskii, On stochastic processes defined by differential equations with a small parameter,
Theory Prob. Applications, Volume XI (1966), pp.211-228.
R.Z. Khasminskii, A limit-theorem for the solutions of differential equations with random right-hand sides,
Theory Prob. Applications, Volume XI (1966), pp.390-406.

Lancado em meados de 2007

OUTRA aplicacao GEOFISICA com ONDAS em

meios DESORDENADOS
REFOCALIZACAO via REVERSAO TEMPORAL

DUSAN PETRICIC
TIME-REVERSED
ACOUSTICS
Arrays of transducers can re-create a sound and send it back to its source
as if time had been reversed. The process can be used to destroy kidney
stones, detect defects in materials and communicate with submarines
by Mathias Fink
I n a room inside the Waves and Acoustics Laboratory in

Paris is an array of microphones and loudspeakers. If
you stand in front of this array and speak into it, any-
thing you say comes back at you, but played in reverse. Your
hello echoes almost instantaneously as olleh. At first
the loudspeakers, the sound of the olleh converges onto
your mouth, almost as if time itself had been reversed. In-
deed, the process is known as time-reversed acoustics, and
the array in front of you is acting as a time-reversal mirror.
Such mirrors are more than just a novelty item. They have
this may seem as ordinary as playing a tape backward, but a range of applications, including destruction of tumors and
there is a twist: the sound is projected back exactly toward kidney stones, detection of defects in metals, and long-
Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007
its source. Instead of spreading throughout the room from Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
distance communication and mine detection in the ocean.
Transdutores
HELLO

ACOUSTIC SOURCE
ELECTRONIC PLAYBACK
RECORDINGS OF SIGNALS
IN REVERSE
SARAH L. DONELSON
PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS
HETEROGENEOUS MEDIUM
RECORDING STEP TIME-REVERSAL AND REEMISSION STEP
ACOUSTIC TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR operates in two In the second step (right), each transducer plays back its sound
steps. In the first step (left) a source emits sound waves (orange) signal in reverse in synchrony with the other transducers. The
that propagate out, perhaps being distorted by inhomogeneities original wave is re-created, but traveling backward, retracing its
in the medium. Each transducer in the mirror array detects the passage back through the medium, untangling its distortions
sound arriving at its location and feeds the signal to a computer. and refocusing on the original source point.
They can also be used for elegant experiments in pure physics. back on exactly the reversed trajectory, which again would
The magic of time-reversed acoustics is possible because totally alter the final outcome.
sound is composed of waves. When you speak you produce In contrast, wave propagation is linear. That is, a small
vibrations in the air that travel like ripples on a pond change in the initial wave results in only a small change in
spreading out from the point where a stone splashed in. A the final wave. Likewise, reproducing the final wave,
fundamental property of waves is that when two of them moving in reverse but with the inevitable small inaccuracies,
pass through the same location, they reinforce each other if will result in the wave propagating and re-creating the ini-
their peaks and troughs correspond, and they tend to cancel tial wave, also moving in reverse and having only relative-
Modelos Estocasticos
eache other
Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007
out if the peaks of one combine with the troughs Andre Nachbin
ly minor IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin
imperfections.
CONTROL SYSTEM
RUBBER MEMBRANE
CYLINDRICAL TUB OF WATER
TRANSDUCER ARRAY
TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR
a KIDNEY STONE b SOUND REFLECTED c

FROM KIDNEY
STONE
HIGH-POWER
TIME-REVERSED
TRANSDUCER PULSE
ARRAY
PULSE OF
ALFRED T. KAMAJIAN
ULTRASOUND
ULTRASONIC PULSE ECHO FROM STONE TIME-REVERSED WAVE
KIDNEY STONES can be targeted and broken up with ultra- of this echo passes through intervening tissues and organs, fo-
sound by using the self-focusing property of a time-reversal mir- cuses back on the stone (c) and breaks it up. Iterating the proce-
ror. An ultrasonic pulse emitted by one part of the array (a) pro- dure improves the focus and allows real-time tracking as the
duces a distorted echo from the stone (b). A powerful time-reverse stone moves because of the patients breathing.
medical
Modelos Estocasticos imaging, where one wishes
e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007to send the ultrasound Andre
the problem
Nachbinis moreIMPA
complicated, but a single target can be
http://www.impa.br/nachbin
ALFRED T. KAMAJIAN; LAURIE GRACE (inset)

NATO RESEARCH VESSEL ALLIANCE
FORMICHE DI GROSSETO
TRANSMITTER/RECEIVER ARRAY
(TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR)
RECEIVER ARRAY
PULSE
TRANSMITTER
ITALY
ELBA
FORMICHE
DI GROSSETO
Mediterranean Sea
GIGLIO
Research Center AND HEECHUN SONG Scripps Institution of Oceanography

UNDERWATER COMMUNICATIONS can be en-
ALFRED T.KAMAJIAN;DATA FROM TUNCAY AKAL SACLANT Undersea

hanced by using time-reversed acoustics to focus a
signal. This technique was demonstrated in water
120 meters deep near the island of Elba off the coast TIME-REVERSED SIGNAL
of Italy. A sound pulse was sent from the target loca-
tion and recorded up to 30 kilometers away by an TRANSMITTED
120 METERS
array of transponders, distorted by refraction and SIGNAL

multiple reflections (red) from the surface and the
seabed. The time-reversed signal sent by the array
was well focused at the target location.
RECEIVED SIGNAL
cently researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanog-

TIME-REVERSAL MIRROR RECEIVER ARRAY
raphy in La Jolla, Calif., and the SACLANT Undersea Re-
15 KILOMETERS
search Center in La Spezia, Italy, built and tested a 20-ele-
ment TRM in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Italy RESULTS from an underwater experimental run. Color con-
[see illustration above]. Led by Tuncay Akal, William tours indicate intensity of sound. The transmitted signal pulse
Hodgkiss and William A. Kuperman, they showed in water (red circle) is greatly distorted at the time-reversal mirror, but
about 120 meters deep that their mirror could focus sound when the time-reversed signal is played back (at left) it repro-
waves up to 30 kilometers away. In a result similar to the duces a focused pulse at the receiver array (at right).
sixfold enhancement in the scattering rod experiment, the
Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF,
time-reversed beam was focused2007onto a much smaller spot Andre
tects Nachbin IMPA
the echoes from http://www.impa.br/nachbin
one or more targets. The possible sce-
ESQUEMATICAMENTE...

SUPER-RESOLUCAO!! Multi-pathing
Time-reversal aperture enhancement, JP Fouque, K Solna - SIAM

Multiscale Modeling and Simulation, 2003.
Super-resolution in time-reversal acoustics, P Blomgren, G Papanicolaou,
H Zhao - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2002.
DESORDEM AJUDANDO!!
Forcante ALEATORIO choque viscoso: Fouque, Garnier & N., Physica D 04 .
EDE ASSINTOTICAMENTE elevacao da onda (x, t) governada por
Burgers VISCOSA
"Apparently viscous" profile at t = 6.25(1.25)15.0

0.01
= 0.004; = 0.01
0.005
0.005
0.01
14.8 15 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16 16.2 16.4 16.6
"Inviscid Burgers" profile at t = 6.25(1.25)15.0

0.01
Initial profile centered at x = 10

0.005
0.005
0.01
15 15.2 15.4 15.6 15.8 16 16.2 16.4 16.6 16.8 17
x ( All waves centered about solution at t= 6.25)

MEIO ALEATORIO muito LONGO:
estamos no regime de LOCALIZACAO de Anderson

CENARIO para a TEORIA e SIMULACOES: Reversao Temporal
Perfis tpicos: Gaussianas, dGaussiana/dx e onda Solitaria.
250
200
150
100
50
10 0 10 20 30 40 50
250
200
150
100
50
2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
3
x 10
1
0.8
TIMEREVERSED WAVE
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
REFLECTED WAVE TRANSMITTED WAVE
0.4
0.6
0.8
RANDOM MEDIUM HALFSPACE
1
50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50

REFOCALIZACAO 1D TSUNAMI
4 t = 0
x 10
5
5
50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
4 t = 50
x 10
5
5
50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50

LOCALIZACAO de ANDERSON: Alfaro et al., Comm. Math. Sci., 07

PULSE PROPAGATION
t = 0
t = 125
t = 250
t = 375
zAXIS t = 500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
TIMEREVERSED PULSE PROPAGATION
t = 0
t = 125
t = 250
t = 375
t = 500
zAXIS
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Refocalizacao COMPLETA
tf = 410
t = 820
f
0.8 initial
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
pulse AMPLITUDE
arrival TIME about the center of the refocused pulse

1
1 t = 0 1

Regime Linear : Gaussiana

Clouet & Fouque, WMotion 97, Fouque & N. , SIAM MMS 04
m 2 t0
!
1
Z
TR it
Pulso refocalizado (t) = e 0 () d.
2 1+ m 2 t0
Z
m = E {m(0)m(x)dx} M(s) = 1 + m(s)
0
t=0
1
(A)
0.5 h()

0

40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
0.4 t=t
1 (B)
0.2
0
0.2 TRANSMITTED SIGNAL
REFLECTED SIGNAL
0.4
40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
0.4
t=0 (C)
0.2
0
0.2 TIME REVERSED SIGNAL
0.4
40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50
0.4 t=t1 (D)

0.2

0
0.2
0.4
40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50

FLAT SECTION
DISORDERED OROGRAPHY

Embaralhando e desembaralhando um bit stream
SIGNAL PROFILES
INITIAL SIGNAL
REFLECTED timereversed SIGNAL
REFOCUSED SIGNAL
TIME t
t=0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Parte A: ................ da palestra.
MODELOS REDUZIDOS; PORQUE?
SIMULACOES mais eficientes e ...

...melhor acesso a ANALISE/TEORIA MATEMATICA

Analise Assintotica de OPERADORES/EDPs:

MODELAGEM MATEMATICA
INTERIOR

Tpica geometria de uma topografia DESORDENADA com

MULTIPLAS-ESCALAS:
MULTISCALE TOPOGRAPHY

Eq. de EULER ou Teoria do Potencial Nao-Linear:

Equacoes em variaveis adimensionais:
xx + yy = 0, em CORPO FLUIDO,
com condicoes nao-lineares na ...SUPERFICIE LIVRE

(
t + 2 (2x + 1 2y ) + = 0
em y = (x, t)
t + x x 1 y =0
e uma cond. de Neumann na topografia DESORDENADA,

x
p
h ( )x + y = 0 ao longo de y = h( x ),
onde a TOPOGRAFIA DESORDENADA e dada atraves de h.

(amplitude/profundd), (profundd/comprimento de onda)2 , (desordem/comprmt de onda)
NAO-LINEARIDADE DISPERSAO DESORDEM

Tpica geometria de uma topografia DESORDENADA com

MULTIPLAS-ESCALAS:
MULTISCALE TOPOGRAPHY

Perfis Urbanos: problemas com Turbulencia Urbana

COORDENADAS CURVILINEAS: N. SIAP 03
p
+ = 0, < < S(, t).
Na fronteira livre (x, t) N((x, 0), t)/M()
1
Nt + N = 0.
|J| |J|

t + (2 + 2 ) + = 0.
2|J|

Note que = 0 em = .
( + ) = |J|2 xy |J| (y2 + y2 )|FS y2 (, 0) + O(2 ) (FRACA. N-LIN.)

Na fronteira livre o coeficiente metrico e M(; , ) y (, 0), onde
Z
p h(x(o , )/)
M(; , ) = do .
4 cosh2 2

(o )

ANALISE ASSINTOTICA de EDPs

Serie de potencias na viz. do fundo (transladado para) =0 Whitham 1974

X
(, , t) = n fn (, t).
n=0
O potencial de velocidades (satisfiaz LAPLACE + NEUMANN)

N
X ()n 2n f (, t) X
(, , t) = 2n [...]
(2n)! 2n
n=0 n=0

Temos entao (x, y , t) cosh(k y ) exp(i(kx t))
2 1
C 2 (k) =
p
2
= tanh( k)
k k
1 p
(VELO. de FASE)2 1 ( k)2 + 152 (k)4 315
17 (k)6 + O((k)8 )
3
Relacao de dispersao truncada atraves da aprox. de Pade:
Ca2 (k) = p(k)/q(k).
Madsen and Srensen 92, Nwogu 93
Tomando a derivada de com respeito a e avaliando a velo. em

uma profundd. INTERMEDIARIA = Z0 [0, 1]
2
(, Z0 , t) u(, t) = f Z0 f + O( 2 )
2
CONDICAO de FRONTEIRA LIVRE fica reduzida a famlia de equacoes BOUSSINESQ:

2 1
M()t + 1 + u + Z0 u = 0
M() 2 3
2

u
ut + + 2
+ (Z0 2 1)ut = 0
2M () 2

famlia de equacoes BOUSSINESQ

2 1
M()t + 1 + u + Z0 u = 0
M() 2 3
2

u
ut + + + (Z0 2 1)ut = 0
2M 2 () 2
2 1 (/2)(Z02 13 )k 2
C2 = =
k2 1 (/2)(Z02 1)k 2
2 1 + (/15)k 2 p
= ...e para o valor especial Z0 = 1/5
k2 1 + 2(/5)k 2
1 p 2 p
1 ( k)2 + ( k)4 754 (k)6 + O((k)8 ).
3 15

p
Seja Z0 = 2/3 e u (, t) = M()t + O(, ):

(M())t + 1 + u (M())t = 0
M() 6
2

u
u t + + 2
u t = 0
2M () 6
Quintero and Munoz (Meth.Appl.Anal. 04) demonstraram existencia, unicidade etc...

apos encontrarem uma integral de energia . Ferramentas semelhantes a Bona
& Chen 98

s
1 1 6
I [U] = K U, K (s) sign(s)e 6/|s|
6 2

Mais pode ser feito! Nwogu 93

Z = 0.469:
p
Outros valores: ZO = 1/5 0.447 e O Munoz & N., IMA 06
15
Terrain following Boussinesq system (dashed)
Boussinesq system with Z =0.469 (solid)
0
Boussinesq system with Z =1/5 (circles)
0
10
Relative error (%)
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

TOPOGRAFIA DESORDENADA
Comparamos modelos na JANELA
=0.05
1
at t = 50
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 T O P O G R A P H Y
1
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120


TOPOGRAFIA DESORDENADA: espalhamento multiplo
ZO = 0.469 =0.002
at t=50
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
50 55 60 65 70 75 80

p
ZO = 2/3 melhor valor para Analise Funcional
=0.002 at t = 50
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.4
50 55 60 65 70 75 80


NOVO MODELO OTIMO

...atraves de analise assintotica em multiplas escalas.
Garnier, Kraenkel & N, PRE, October 2007

MODELO REDUZIDO (Boussinesq): M K h

h i 1
Mt + (1 + )u (Z02 ) [M]t = 0 ,
M 2 3
2
u
ut + + + (Z 2 1)ut = 0 ,
2M 2 2 0
MODELO COMPLETO:
xx + yy = 0, em CORPO FLUIDO periodico,
com condicoes nao-lineares na ...FRONTEIRA LIVRE
(
t + 2 (2x + 1 2y ) + = 0
em y = (x, t)
t + x x 1 y =0
e Neumann ao longo do fundo PERIODICO h(x)

x
p
h ( )x + y = 0 ao longo de y = h( x ),

Buscando uma KdV EFETIVA
Buscamos atraves de uma expansao multi-escala na forma

(t, ) = 0 (t, , ) + 1 (t, , ) + ...

u(t, ) = u0 (t, , ) + u1 (t, , ) + ...

onde j e uj sao periodicas em s = / e as medias de 1 e u1
com respeito a s sao zero.

MODELO BOUSSINESQ: h(x) = 1 + n(x) = 1 + n1 sin(kx)

A KdV EFETIVA e
3 2
0 + (0 )X + 0 XXX = 0
4 6
onde X = x v t e um sistema de referencia viajante. Em
termos dominantes

2 n12 0 k
v = 1
2 tanh( 0 k)
( " 2 #)
n12 0 k 1 0 k
= 0 1 + + ,
2 sinh( 0 k) 2 tanh( 0 k)
( " 2
n2 3 30 k 2 1 0 k
= 0 1 + 1 + 1 (Z 0
2
)(Z 0
2
1)
2 0 k 2 4 3 sinh( 0 k)

5 0 k
.
2 tanh( 0 k)
sao os PARAMETROS da KdV EFETIVA .

TEORIA do POTENCIAL COMPLETA: Rosales & Papanicolaou 83
A KdV EFETIVA e
3 2
0 + (0 )X + 0 XXX = 0
4 6
onde X = x v t e

1 0 D 2 E 2
= Ax n D b

0 +
v 3 s 3v
pode ser expandido, no caso SENOIDAL, dando lugar a
( " 2 # )
n12 k 0 1 k 0 3
= 0 1 + + + O(n1 ) .
2 sinh(k 0 ) 2 tanh(k 0 )

n2

k 0 11 k 0
= 0 1 + 1 3 3
+ O(n13 ) .
2 tanh (k 0 ) 2 tanh(k 0 )

Casando as duas KdVs
...atraves dos respectivos coeficientes de dispersao .

Para 0 k 2 pequenos, o casamento exato e obtido quando
s
2 1
Z0 =
3 5

Casando as duas KdVs
...atraves dos respectivos coeficientes de dispersao .

Para 0 k 2 pequenos, o casamento exato e obtido quando
s
2 1
Z0 = 0.4685
3 5

Assim o modelo otimo da famlia Boussinesq

para a interacao onda-microestrutura e
r !
h i 1 1
Mt + (1 + )u + [M]t = 0 ,
M 2 5 3
2 r !
u 1 1
ut + + + ut = 0 .
2M 2 2 5 3

Obrigado pela atencao.
IMPA, Rio de Janeiro.

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ONDAS em MEIOS DESORDENADOS

Andre Nachbin, IMPA

Ondas em Meios Desordenados

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Daniel Alfaro (University of California at Irvine, EUA visita IMPA, 2006)

William Artiles (Inst. de Fsica Teorica, Sao Paulo)

Ailn Fabregas (visita IMPA, 2007)

George Papanicolaou (Stanford Univ., EUA)

Jean-Pierre Fouque (University of Santa Barbara, EUA)

Josselin Garnier (Jussieu, Paris VII, Franca)

Knut Slna (University of California at Irvine, EUA)

Wooyoung Choi (NJIT/New Jersey Institute of Technolgy, EUA)

Roberto Kraenkel (Inst. de Fsica Teorica, Sao Paulo)

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Parte A: Modelagem (FIS+MATE) e Analise

Parte B: Analise Assintotica de SOLUCOES de modelos

Parte C: Analise Numerica e Computacao Cientfica

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

PRIMEIRA aplicacao GEOFISICA com ONDAS em

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

MODELO ACUSTICO 1D:

1/ COMPRESSIBILIDADE da CROSTA terrestre DENSIDADE

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Situacao com UMA discontinuidade:

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Continuidade de p e u, e usando Invariantes de Riemann

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

1D: VARIAS CAMADAS

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Ondas ACUSTICAS Ondas AQUATICAS (Shallow Water Theory )

Temos EDPs + PROBABILIDADE N. & Slna, Phys. Fluids 2003

ONDA TRANSMITIDA CROSTA ABAIXO ======>

0.1 PERFIL SIMULADO

0.05 APROXIMACAO TEORICA

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Resultado DETERMINISTICO a partir de modelagem ESTOCASTICA:

Impulse responses based on data and analysis

Impulse responses based on data and analysis

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Teo. Central do Limite versus Teoria dos Campos Medios

EDP HIPERBOLICA: adveccao aleatoria

40 realizations 200 realizations

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

EDOs ALEATORIAS com 1 ESCALA de TEMPO.

Teorema de Khasminskii(*): Sejam os PVIs (, A, P)

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

Lancado em meados de 2007

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

OUTRA aplicacao GEOFISICA com ONDAS em

REFOCALIZACAO via REVERSAO TEMPORAL

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

I n a room inside the Waves and Acoustics Laboratory in

Modelos Estocasticos e Aplicacoes,CBPF, 2007 Andre Nachbin IMPA http://www.impa.br/nachbin

RECORDING STEP TIME-REVERSAL AND REEMISSION STEP

CYLINDRICAL TUB OF WATER

a KIDNEY STONE b SOUND REFLECTED c

ULTRASONIC PULSE ECHO FROM STONE TIME-REVERSED WAVE

ALFRED T. KAMAJIAN; LAURIE GRACE (inset)

Research Center AND HEECHUN SONG Scripps Institution of Oceanography

ALFRED T.KAMAJIAN;DATA FROM TUNCAY AKAL SACLANT Undersea