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28
R.G. FitzGerrel1
October 1979
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
6. REFERENCES 18
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
iv
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
v
Indoor Television Antenna Performance
R.G. FitzGerrell*
1. INTRODUCTION
1.0 0.0
1.5 0.2
2.0 0.5
4.0 1.9
8.0 4.0
16.0 6.6
2
Dipole Directivity
rn
Tuned A/2 Dipole Gain I '"
"'C
I
~
(/)
0
-l
-2 I
I
,
s:
~
0
E
(/)
-4 I
~
-6 I
"0
c I
c
...>
>.
"0 -10
Q)
-8
f
rDiPOle Goin ,,I
~
.S
0
-12
I
<.!)
0
-14 I
c
c
Q)
.....
I
-16
c:
<t: I
Mismatch Loss
-18
- 20
-22
50 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency, MHz
3
Measured length and loss data versus frequency for an
extensible reference dipole is shown in Figure 2. A minimum
VSWR is obtained at 177 MHz with a length of 81 em. This
reference dipole is attached to the out-of-phase ports of a
hybrid junction with two equal length, 50 ohm, coaxial
cables. Measured insertion loss of the hybrid junction used
as a balanced-to-unbalanced line transformer, or balun, is
0.74 dB. Measured mismatch loss of the antenna at the balun
input port is 0.18 dB caused by a VSWR of 1.5 giving a total
correction due to losses of 0.92 dB to add to the dipole
gain, yielding an actual tuned dipole gain of 0 dB. In the
actual data processing, this correction is subtracted from
measured test antenna gain because a relative gain
measurement technique is employed. This correction is
important because a lossless half-wave dipole is the
standard of reference and uncorrected losses will make the
relative gain of the antenna being tested greater by an
amount equal to the correction factor.
4
280 1.4
260
240 1.2
length en
220 "0
/ U>
-:
U>
200 1.0 0
..J
/
loss
c
180 -
0
/
~
E Q)
iJ)
/
o c
.. 160 0.8 ~
- 140
.J::.
Q'\
c:
/ C
::J
0
Q)
.-J
/ / (1)
/
Q)
(f)
0 120 0.6 U>
0- 0
..J
0
s:
100 ~
0
E
.~
80 0.4 2
c:
0
60 Q)
40 - 0.2
20
0 0
50 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency, MHz
5
2.4
2.2
2.0
CD
"'0
~ 1.8
(/)
0
..J
c 1.6
-
0
~
Q)
(/) 1.4
c
H
c
:::;J 1.2
0
CD
+ 1.0
(/)
(J)
0
..J 0.8
.I::.
~
0
E 0.6
.~
~
0.4
0.2
0
50 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency J MHz
6
2. THE GAIN MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE
7
( a)
(b)
8
3. INDOOR ANTENNAS AND MEASURED GAIN
9
The antennas are electrically connected to a single 50-ohm
coaxial cable with a VHF/UHF splitter and balun combined in
a small weatherproof box. Gain of the outdoor antenna
provides a useful comparison for judging the gains of the
indoor antennas.
10
\2
0\ 0 f\
/ \
8
6
SECONDARY
REFERENCE COMBINATION L Outdoor 4 - Boy Bow Ti e
/
".,/
-;/ ..-
...
.:
.. :\
~\
\\
:\
2- Bay Bow Tie .,
Outdoor VHF 1 /\
,..
,..---_-----1
4 I \
\
CD
-0
c
2 /\ \
\
0
(!) 0 \
0 \'
c
c ~ VHF / UHF Indoor) BOWTieJ
I-
Q)
+- -2
c Loop
~\
<t
-4
Robbit Ears
-6
-8
-10
VHF/UHF Indoor
-12
50 100 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency, MHz
11
/
/
/
/-_/
a::: -: I
3:
(f) /.- .... _-"'/ ' .... _ / /
>
t--J /
tv /
I
/
10
/
r > ,--"/
/
~ .v 225
en50~ -.J/
54 I
72 76
I
88
174
?1~
Frequency, MHz
Figure 6(a). Measured VHF antenna VSWR for the VHF/UHF indoor antenna,
solid line, and the rabbit ears, dashed line. Note the
solid line is the minimum VSWR envelope for twelve tuning
switch positions.
.",...------ .......
, , <:
---/ .................... - ........
<,
, "..
".. <,
,,
"-
.", "
.......
""""--
,/
,
--~Single BowTie - ....... ':.
1
0
00 ,J Double ~
/.=~Ol.:.?))t! I
0
Bow Tie
., ~.:,:,,.~f/
4
a::
~
(/)
~ >
w
~ \....
UHF Loop
10
900
806
Figure 6(b). Measured UHF antenna VSWR. The VHF/UHF indoor antenna
was measured for three different coupling loop orientations.
4. SITING LOSSES
14
Also presented in Table 2 are the field strength
differences between the 2 m and 9 m receiving antenna
heights at 70 M~z, ~70' an~ at 700 MHz, ~700. The overall
average of ~70 1S 6.4 dB w1th a range of only 2.2 dB. The
overall average of ~700 is 5.2 dB with a range of 10.9 dB.
For ~H = 80m
I Receive Antenna
Height = 2 m
Recei ve Antenna
height = 9 m
~70
dB
~700
dB
IDistance Frequency, MHz Frequency, MHz FS @ 9m FS @ 9m
I km 70 700 70 700 -FS @ 2m -FS @ 2m
I
I 10 99.9 102.7 106.1 102.7 6.2 0.0
I 20 88.4 96.5 95.6 96.5 7.2 0.0
30 80.5 92.9 88.0 92.9 7.5 0.0
40 74.2 90.3 81.5 90.4 7.3 0.1
50 68.7 82.8 75.8 87.1 7.1 4.3
For ~ Ii = 80m
For ~H = 160m
15
5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
2 70 73 .1 - 72. 7
9 70 79.0 - 66.8
2 700 84 .2 - 61.6
9 700 90.2 - 55.6
16
POWER BUDGET
Power Flow,
dB reI to lW/m 2 - 72. 7 - 61.6
Antenna Constant,
dB + 3.8 - 16.2
Range of measured
gain from Fig 5,
dB - 4.8, -2.5 5.0, + 8.4
Building
attenuation, dB - 6.6 6.6
Transmission line
loss, dB o o
Range of
Power received, dBW - 80.3, -78.0 - 89.4, -76.0
Power flow, 2
dB reI to 1 W/m - 66.8 - 55.6
Antenna constant,
dB + 3.8 - 16.2
Measured gain
from Fig 5, dB + 3.6 + 10.0
Building
attenuation, dB 0 0
Transmission
line loss dB 0.3 1.1
17
From these power budget data it is apparent "that
adequate indoor antenna gain is available to make signal
levels delivered to the television receiver comparable at
VHF and UHF for the particular conditions assumed in these
power budget equations.
6. REFERENCES
18
FORM OT29 u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
(3-73) OFFICE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
15. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most si~nificant information. If document includes a significant
bibliography of literature survey, mention it here.)
17. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 18. Securi ev Class (This report) 20. Number of pages
B UNLIMITED.
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