Securing Rice,

Reducing Poverty
Challenges and Policy Directions
Securing Rice,
Reducing Poverty
Challenges and Policy Directions

t,=, -.,.7.--.". .
Arsenio M. Balisacan
Leocadio S. Sebastian

In association with:

Vida Lina Espe ra nza B. Alpuerto Arlene B. Inocencio

Donato B. Antiporta Flordeliza A. Lantican
Rodrigo B. Badayos Gil berto M. L1anto
Randolph Barker Ma. Concepcion C. Lizada
Jesusa c. Beltran Nerlira M. Manalili
Flordeliza H. Bordey George W. Norton
Alex B. BrilianlesJr. Tirso B. Paris Jr.
Filma C. Calalo Eliseo R. Ponce
Cheryli B. Casiwa n Mercedita A. Sombilia
Sergio R. Francisco Jose Tiu Sonco II
Prudenciano U. Gordoncillo Locel Ann C. Tumlos
The South ea:st Asian lkg io nal Cen ter for Graduate Study and Research in
Agriculture.: ! (SEARCA) is the ce ntt::!r o f excellence in agricu lture of the So utheast
Asian Ministers o f Education Organization (SEAMEO), an intergove.::!rnmental
body fou nded in 1965 to promote regiona l cooperation in education , science,
and cultufe. SEARCA's mandate is to stfengtht;;!n institutional capacities in
agricultural and fUral development in Southeast As ia through graduate
educatio n, sho rHerm train ing, rese:ilfch, and knowledge managemt:::nl.

The Philippine Rice Research Institu te ( PhiIRice), an attacht:::d agency of the

Department of Agriculture, is the nat ional lead agency for the planning,
coofdinatio n, impl ementation, and monilOring of all rice resc:arch and
development activities in the Philippines.

T he Bureau o f Agri cultura l Research ( BAR), a line agency of the Department of

Agricu lture, is mandated to ensure that agricultura l research be coordinated and
underta ken fo r maximum utility to agriculture. Tht::! BUreau taps farolers ,
fafmefs' orga niza tions, and resea rch institutio ns, especially state colleges and
unive rsities, in the conduct of fesearch for use by the Department of Agricuhure
of the Philippines and its clientele.

Securing Rice, ReduCing Poverty: Challenges and Policy Directions

Arsenio M. Balisacan
Leocad io S. Sebastian
and Associates

Published by SEARCA, PhilRice, a nd DA-BAR

Printed in the Ph ilippines
First Pfinting, November 2006

Ph ilippine Copyrig ht 2006 by SEARCA

Pans o f this publication may be quoted w ithout permis~ion by other sc ho larly

writing and in popular writing as long as credit hi g iven to the sourcc. H owever,
it may no t be reprod uced or transmiued in its entirely in any fOfm or by any
means, electron ic Of mechanic-.a l, in cluding photocopy. recording, o r any
infofmation stofage or retrieval system, wirhout permission in writing from
SEARCA.

T he opi nions exprcssed in this publication afe those of the au tho rs :l nd do not
necessarily renect the institutio ns with which they are affi liated .

ISBN 978-971-560-137-5
Printed by Cor-Asia, Inc.
Contents

Preface vii

Challenges and Policy Directions: Overview 1

Arsenio M. Ba lisacan
Leocadio S. Sebastian

2 External Environment, Trade Regimes, and Policy O ptio ns 21

Tirso B . Paris Jr.
D ona to B . Ant/porta

3 Research and Develo pment 39

Leocadio S. Sebastian
Flordeliza H. Bordey
Vida Lina Speranza B. Alpuerto

4 \Vater Resources and Irrigation D evelopment 71

Arlene B . l nocen c io
Randolph Barker

5 Rice Extensio n 107

Eliseo R. Ponce

6 Land Reform and Pro perty Rights 127

Pmdenciano lj. Gordoncillo

7 Seed System , Biotechnology , and Nutrition 153

George W. Norton
Sergio R. Fra n cisco

v
vi Securing Rice, Reduci ng Poverty

8 Huml Finance 171

Gilberta M . L1artlO

9 Local Governan ce 193

Alex B . Brillanlesjr.
j ose Till. SOrtCO /I

10 Marketing and Distributio n 213

Mercedila A . Somhilla
Flordeliza A . umlican
j esllsa C. Bellran

1 1 Supply-Cha in Perspective 239

Nerlita M . Manalili
Locel A nn C. Tumlos
Cheryl/ B . Caslwan

12 Food Safety 277

Ma . Con cepc ion C. Lizada

13 Farm Sustainability and Organic Farming 305

Rodrigo B. Badayos
Filma C. Calalo

Acronyms 337

The Authors 345

Index 347