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Abstract: The effect of corona on high-voltage transmission lines is one of the causes power loss and this is
uneconomical and undesirable. The study of corona and factors responsible for the loss is investigated through
sample calculation based on Peeks formula and the results are then simulated through matlab program. This
paper presents the relations between power loss due to corona to corona parameters through matlab programs
and suggests some possible steps taken to minimize corona loss.
Keywords: Corona, power loss, peeks formula, high voltage transmission lines, Peeks formula.
I. INTRODUCTION
When in an insulation system, the voltage gradient (voltage stress) exceeds a critical voltage, the air
molecules surrounding the high voltage transmission line conductors become ionized (transient gaseous
ionization) resulting in partial discharges. Corona loss occurs if the line to line voltage exceeds the corona
threshold. The conductive region is not high enough to cause electrical breakdown or arcing to any nearby
objects [1]. Corona can occur within voids of an insulator, at the conductor or at the insulator interface. Rough
surfaces are more liable to corona because the unevenness of the surface decreases the value of the breakdown
voltage. It can be detected due to its visible light in form of purple glow consisting of micro arcs and its sound
can be heard through its hissing and cracking sound [2]. The smelling of the presence of ozone production is
noticed during corona activity [3]. The effects of corona are cumulative and permanent and the failure can occur
without warning. In insulation system, corona discharges result in voltage transients. The effects of corona
associated with the operation of high voltage transmission lines include radio interference, audible noise,
gaseous effluents (Ozone and Nitrogen oxide) and shock potential. Conductor voltage, diameter and shape,
dusts, water drops, and surface irregularities such as scratches are factors that affect the performance and
conductors electrical surface gradients. The energy loss due to corona is transformed into sound, radio noise,
chemical reactions of the air components and heat [4]. Corona reduces the reliability of insulation system
thereby degrading insulation and causes system failure due to dielectric breakdown. The study becomes
necessary because of the prevailing negative effect of corona parameters on the power loss of high voltage
transmission lines. The power loss under fair weather conditions and under stormy weather conditions when
investigated, analyzed and simulated using matlab programs gives the results which help us to take necessary
measures to minimize the power loss under fair and stormy weather conditions. High quality insulated and good
service design underground high transmission cables can help to eliminate the loss due corona effect The
advantage of corona is that the sound generated during corona activity can be used to build high accuracy audio
speakers and also it has no mass to be moved to create the sound so that transient response is improved. The
controlled corona discharge can be used for filtrations and printing.
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Power loss due to Corona on High Voltage Transmission Lines
Under the stormy weather conditions, the disruptive critical voltage (E dcv) is taken as 0.8 times that of the fair
weather value. Where the ratio of the phase voltage to the disruptive critical voltage is less than 1.8, Peterson
formula [6] is used for determining the corona loss. This is given as:
21 10 6 fV 2
Ppet (2)
(log 10d / R) 2
3.2 The inception corona voltage and the disruptive critical voltage
The visual inception corona voltage is more than the disruptive critical voltage because its formation
involves ionization and the raising of electron to an excited state. This excitation produces light by discharge
and other electromagnetic waves [8, 9,10]. Figure 1 shows the graphical comparation of the visual and
disruptive corona voltage at various radii of the conductor. The conductor radius is directly proportional to both
visual corona voltage and disruptive critical voltage
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Power loss due to Corona on High Voltage Transmission Lines
Fig. 2: power loss due to corona loss versus the spacing between conductors
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VI. Conclusion
Using matlab program for the sample analysis, it is found that in wet conditions, the value of corona
loss is more than that of the dry season. Underground cables with good insulation design can prevent power loss
since this will not be much affected by changing in weather conditions.
References
[1] Wadwah C. L Electric Power System, chennai New Age International Publisher Ltd. 2006
[2] Mehta V. K, Mehta R, Principles of Power System, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2004.
[3] Gupta B. R, Power system analysis and design, S. Chand, New Delhi, 2007.
[4] Curt Harting (2010). AC Transmission Line Losses.htm
[5] Gupta J. B. A course in power system. New Delhi, 2008
[6] Anumaka (2012). Nigerian 330kv Interconnected Power Systelm
[7] International conference on Large High Voltage Electric System, Interference Produced by Corona Effect on Electric Systems,
Paris. 1974.
[8] Leonard Loeb(1965). Electrical Coronas. Their Basic Physical Mechanisms. University of California Press M. Bowles, State
Electricity Profiles 2008, US Energy Information Administration, DOE/EIA0348(01).2010.
[9] Hayt. W and Buck, Engineering Electromagnetics (Mcgraw-Hill,2006). PP346, 486
[10] Instruction Manual 661. Partial Discharge (Corona) Testing Equipment Biddle instruments, James G. Biddle Co. Plymouth
Meeting, Peninsylvania 19462
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