Workshop

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis in SAP2000

Manish Kumar
Post-doctoral Associate
Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering
University at Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY)

EERI Engineering Workshop

1/12
Manish Kumar
Outline
Nonlinearity
Modal analysis
Pushover analysis
Response spectrum analysis
Response history analysis

EERI Engineering Workshop

2/12
Manish Kumar
Geometric nonlinearity

Source: wiki.csiamerica.com

EERI Engineering Workshop

3/12
Manish Kumar
Geometric nonlinearity
P-Delta P-Delta + large
Geometric stiffness deformations
matrix formulated at Stiffness matrix updated
beginning at each step
Computational efficient Computationally
Appropriate when expensive
vertical loads do not vary Appropriate when
substantially during vertical loads vary
analysis substantially during
analysis

EERI Engineering Workshop

4/12
Manish Kumar
Geometric nonlinearity
Two ways to include P-Delta effects
Create static nonlinear case for each load
combination
Only for static analysis
Create initial P-Delta for anticipated gravity loads
Use modified stiffness from this for all analysis
Can be used for modal, static, and dynamic analysis

EERI Engineering Workshop

5/12
Manish Kumar
Material nonlinearity
Concentrated yield
Appropriate for frame members
Assign at the member ends
Discretize members using hinge
overwrites to get better
convergence
Distributed plasticity
Computationally expensive

EERI Engineering Workshop

6/12
Manish Kumar
Modal analysis
Eigen vectors
Ritz vectors
For dynamic analysis
More accurate

EERI Engineering Workshop

7/12
Manish Kumar
Pushover analysis
Create SAP2000 model
Create the computational model Define hinge properties and assign it to frame elements
Define load pattern applied during pushover analysis

Define nonlinear static load case in the desired direction

Define a nonlinear static load case
Define nonlinear analysis option through "other parameters"

Run the analysis Run the analysis for modal, DL, LL, and pushover case

Review pushover curve

Review results Review individual hinge results
Review sequence of hinge formation in the structure

EERI Engineering Workshop

8/12
Manish Kumar
Time-history analysis
Modal Direct integration
Linear & nonlinear Linear & nonlinear
Modal nonlinear Appropriate to capture
analysis large nonlinear response
of structures (e.g,
Also called fast nonlinear collapse simulation)
analysis (FNA)
Appropriate for limited
nonlinear in members at
concentrated locations
(e.g, structures with
dampers and base-
isolators)
EERI Engineering Workshop
9/12
Manish Kumar
Time-history analysis
Modal Direct integration
Linear & nonlinear Linear & nonlinear
Modal nonlinear Appropriate to capture
analysis large nonlinear response
of structures (e.g,
Also called fast nonlinear collapse simulation)
analysis (FNA)
Appropriate for limited
nonlinear in members at
concentrated locations
(e.g, structures with
dampers and base-
isolators)
EERI Engineering Workshop
10/12
Manish Kumar
Local axis
Local axis 1 is always the longitudinal axis

The default orientation of the local 2 and

3 axes is determined by the relationship
between the local 1 axis and the global Z
axis:
The local 1-2 plane is taken to be vertical,
i.e., parallel to the Z axis
The local 2 axis is taken to have an
upward (+Z) sense unless the element is
vertical, in which case the local 2 axis is
taken to be horizontal along the global +X
direction
The local 3 axis is always horizontal, i.e.,
it lies in the X-Y plane

EERI Engineering Workshop

11/12
Manish Kumar
 Thank You!
Questions?

mkumar2@buffalo.edu
www.manishkumar.org

EERI Engineering Workshop

12/12
Manish Kumar