28 COSMETICS

TABLE 1.10. Skin Conditioners and Moisturizersa

Material CAS Registry Number Molecular Formula

Glycerol [56-81-5] C3H8O3

2-Pyrrolidinone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) [98-79-3] C5H7NO3
Sodium lactate [72-17-3] C3H5NaO3
Urea [57-13-6] CH4N2O
Cholesterol [57-88-5] C27H46O
Hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycansb
Hydrolyzed soy protein [68607-88-5]
Linoleic acid [60-33-3] C18H32O2
Tocopheryl acetate [7695-91-2] C31H52O3
Witch hazel distillatec
Sodium hyaluronated
Myristyl betaine [2601-33-4] C18H37NO2
a
Ref. 21 includes a more comprehensive listing.
b
Mixed polysaccharides from animal connective tissue.
c
Nonalcoholic steam distillate of parts of Hamamelis virginiana.
d
Sodium salt of hyaluronic acid [9004-61-9].

ingredients such as glycerin, which may play roles in the skins water ecology. Products
for the care of body skin are similar to preparations formulated for the care of facial skin.
Products for overall body care should leave a dry, satinlike finish even though relatively
high levels of unctuous lipids are used. Facial night creams may leave the skin somewhat
oily, whereas facial day creams must provide a dry finish.
Hand-care products are designed to reduce chapping and cracking, especially prevalent
during cold, dry, winter weather. Hand-care products are commonly fortified with various
humectants, and products for the elbows and feet may include abrasives. Bath powders
impart lubricity to body skin, absorb moisture, and provide some fragrance. These are
formulated without pigments to preclude the staining of clothing.

1.8.2. Antiacne Preparations

Antiacne products are designed to alleviate the unsightly appearance and underlying
cause of juvenile acne. Generally, acne is a mild disease of the follicular duct in which
sebaceous secretion is not readily allowed to pass to the surface of the skin because of a
hyperkeratotic restriction in the duct. The retained sebum may undergo chemical changes
or be altered by microbial species, with consequent inflammatory responses. In the past,
cosmetic preparations were designed to remove sebum from the skin surface with solvents
or cleansers and work against micro-organisms with antibacterials. In addition, acne was
cosmetically treated with abrasives in the hope that scrubbing would relieve the ductal
blockage.
As of 1991 in the United States, OTC antiacne preparations may contain only a few
active drugs, for example, sulfur [7704-34-9], resorcinol acetate [102-29-4], resorcinol
[108-46-3], salicylic acid [69-72-7], and some combinations (39). OTC antiacne constitu-
ents may be included in a variety of conventional cosmetic preparations, which then
become OTC drugs. These include lotions, creams, solutions, facial makeups, facial