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Torsionconstant

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Thetorsionconstantisageometricalpropertyofabar'scrosssectionwhichisinvolvedintherelationship
betweenangleoftwistandappliedtorquealongtheaxisofthebar,forahomogeneouslinearelasticbar.
Thetorsionconstant,togetherwithmaterialpropertiesandlength,describesabar'storsionalstiffness.The
SIunitfortorsionconstantism4.

Contents
1History
2PartialDerivation
3Examplesforspecificuniformcrosssectionalshapes
3.1Circle
3.2Ellipse
3.3Square
3.4Rectangle
3.5Thinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness
3.6Circularthinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness(approximation)
4CommercialProducts
5References

History
In1820,theFrenchengineerA.Duleauderivedanalyticallythatthetorsionconstantofabeamisidentical
tothesecondmomentofareanormaltothesectionJzz,whichhasanexactanalyticequation,byassuming
thataplanesectionbeforetwistingremainsplaneaftertwisting,andadiameterremainsastraightline.
Unfortunately,thatassumptioniscorrectonlyinbeamswithcircularcrosssections,andisincorrectforany
othershapewherewarpingtakesplace.[1]

Fornoncircularcrosssections,therearenoexactanalyticalequationsforfindingthetorsionconstant.
Howeverapproximatesolutionshavebeenfoundformanyshapes.Noncircularcrosssectionalwayshave
warpingdeformationsthatrequirenumericalmethodstoallowtheexactcalculationofthetorsion
constant.[2]

Thetorsionalstiffnessofabeamswithnoncircularcrosssectionsissignificantlyincreasedifthewarping
oftheendsectionsisrestrainedby,forexample,stiffendblocks.[3]

PartialDerivation
Forabeamofuniformcrosssectionalongitslength:
where

istheangleoftwistinradians
Tistheappliedtorque
Listhebeamlength
Jisthemomentofinertia
GistheModulusofrigidity(shearmodulus)ofthematerial

Examplesforspecificuniformcrosssectionalshapes
Circle

[4]

where

ristheradius

ThisisidenticaltothesecondmomentofareaJzzandisexact.

alternativelywrite: [4]where

DistheDiameter

Ellipse

[5][6]

where

aisthemajorradius
bistheminorradius

Square
[7]

where

aishalfthesidelength

Rectangle

where

aisthelengthofthelongside
bisthelengthoftheshortside
isfoundfromthefollowingtable:

a/b
1.0 0.141
1.5 0.196
2.0 0.229
2.5 0.249
3.0 0.263
4.0 0.281
5.0 0.291
6.0 0.299
10.0 0.312
0.333

[8]

Alternativelythefollowingequationcanbeusedwithanerrorofnotgreaterthan4%:

[5]

Thinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness
[9]

tisthewallthickness
Uisthelengthofthemedianboundary(perimeterofmediancrosssection)

Circularthinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness(approximation)

Thisisatubewithaslitcutlongitudinallythroughitswall.

[10]

tisthewallthickness
risthemeanradius

Thisisderivedfromtheaboveequationforanarbitrarythinwalledopentubeofuniformthickness.

CommercialProducts
Thereareanumberspecializedsoftwaretoolstocalculatethetorsionconstantusingthefiniteelement
method.

ShapeDesigner(http://www.mechatools.com/en/shapedesigner.html)byMechatoolsTechnologies
(http://www.mechatools.com)
ShapeBuilder(http://www.iesweb.com/products/shapebuilder/index.htm)byIESWeb
(http://www.iesweb.com)
STAADSectionWizard(http://www.bentley.com/enUS/Products/STAAD.Pro/Sectionwizard.htm)
byBentley(http://www.bentley.com)
SectionAnalyzer(http://fornamagic.com/download.php?view.15)byFornamagicLtd
(http://www.fornamagic.com)
Strand7BXSGenerator(http://strand7.com)byStrand7PtyLimited(http://www.strand7.com)

References
1. ArchieHigdonetal."MechanicsofMaterials,4thedition".
2. Advancedstructuralmechanics,2ndEdition,DavidJohnson
3. TheInfluenceandModellingofWarpingRestraintonBeams(http://www.ramsay
maunder.co.uk/downloads/warping_article_web.pdf)
4. "AreaMomentofInertia."FromMathWorldAWolframWebResource.
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/AreaMomentofInertia.html
5. Roark'sFormulasforstress&Strain,7thEdition,WarrenC.Young&RichardG.Budynas
6. ContinuumMechanics,FridtjovIrjens,Springer2008,p238,ISBN9783540742975
7. TorsionEquations,RoyBeardmore,http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Torsion/Torsion.html
8. AdvancedStrengthandAppliedElasticity,Ugural&Fenster,Elsevier,ISBN0444001603
9. AdvancedMechanicsofMaterials,Boresi,JohnWiley&Sons,ISBN0471551570
10. Roark'sFormulasforstress&Strain,6thEdition,WarrenC.Young

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Categories: Continuummechanics Structuralanalysis


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