Glass, Ceramics, and Carbon-Graphite 787

TABLE 6.1: CARBON-GRAPHITE-U.S. GRAPHITE (contmuedJ

GRAPHITAR SEAL GRADES

GRAPHITAR GRADE TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Grade 30A For low to medium pressure oil sealing applications. This grade has relatively high poros-
ity, which aids seal face lubrication.

Grade 38 For low to medium pressure applications. Grade 38 is relatively easy to mold and is most
economical in many applications.

Grade 39 A universal grade for use in high pressure applications. Can be used to seal almost any
medium except very strong oxidizing or alkaline agents. Grade 39 is the hardest of all
GRAPHITAR grades, with a scleroscope reading of 105.

Grade 67 Similar to grade 30A in low to medium pressure applications.

Grade 70 Similar in many respects to grade 38, this grade will also perform well in non-lubricated
service such as sealing air.

Grade 86 A universal grade for lubricated or non-lubricated service. Grade 86 offers excellent
compressive strength, an extremely low porosity and excellent wear resistance.

Grade 114 A very strong, hard grade which is resistant to any chemical in which GRAPHITAA can
function at all. Frequently used in sealing gasses.

Grade 2690 A high temperature material for seal applications which exceed 700F. Grade 2690 is
used almost exclusively for sealing high temperature gasses.

Grade 3048 Superior for aircraft engine main shaft seals. Combines excellent lubricity with good
oxidation resistance for long service life.

Graphitar Grades by Chemical compatibility category. Resistance to chemical attack varies among the
GRAPHITAR Grades because of formulation and
A B C D E F
processing differences. While each Grade was de-
2 64 14 77 101 2831 2767 2690 111 veloped to meet specific physical requirements, the
3 67 35 86 102 2832 2840 2866 112 differences do produce chemical effects. The follow-
18 75 38 88 103 2833 2864 2936 113 ing chart provides a guide to the selection of the ap-
30A 80 39 89 105 2835 2865 2980 114 propriate GRAPHITAR Grades. They can be grouped
34 84 40 92 107 2837 3648 into six chemical compatibility categories-see chart
48 110 47 94 109 2859 at left.
2413 70 95 2887
108 2957
3030

GRAPHITAR COMPATIBILITY CHART

Craphitar Crrphitrr
Chomiul Cstr8ory C&gory
Se~Slsd Su~crtrd
ACIDS Carbohc AB- D-f Galhc ABCD- f
Abrehc ABCD-f Carbomc AB- D-f Glulamlc ABCD- f
Aceltc AB- D- f Chloro?e Anhydrous Llquld AB-. -f Hydrobromlc AB- D. f
Acehc Anlrydrlde AB.D F Chlorlc Hydrochloric AB. D. f
Acel~lsal~cyl~c ABCD-f Chloroos Hydrocyamc A8. D- f
Adrplc ABCD- f Chloroacehc Ai: b: f Hydrolluorlc F
Aqua Reds3 Chlorosultorhc AE- D-f Hvdrotluos~hc~c ;i::.F
AlWll~ ABCD- f Chromic f Hidrogen PeroxIde
Ascorbic ABCD f Cllrlc kiib. f Hywchlorous f
Battery AB- D. f Cresyhc ABCD.f Isophlhal~ AB: D. f
Ben~enrullomc ABCD- f Cyanlc AB- D-F La& ABCD. f
Benzorc ABCD- f f ally Acids ABCD- f Lauw ABCD. f
BoderActid Phosphates ABCD.F flooborlc Malelc AB. D- f
8or1c ABCD. f FlUOSlllClC ii:::: Mahc AB D f
EU~IIC ABCD-f formIt ABCD-f Muriahc A8.D f
(continued)
 788 Corrosion Resistant Materials Handbook

TABLE 6.1: CARBON-GRAPHITE-U.S. GRAPHITE (continued)

Crrphitrr Craplitrr Crrphitrr
Chrmical Catqory Chemical Category Chrmiul Catagory
Suggerled sugpslod Suggested

Nrlrahng To 7Sp;,
Nrrrrc 0 to ZOZ; SALT SOLUTIONS Sodwm Phosphates
Sodrum Sdrcale
AB-
AB-
D-f
D- f
Nrtrrc 20 to 100% Alkylaryl Sullonales ABCD F Sodrum Sullale AB. D-f
Nitrous Ally1 Chlorrde AB D- f Sodrum Sullrde AB. D-f
Olerc Alum r Ammonra I AB-D f Sodurrn Sulhle AB- D-f
Oleum Alum rChromer AB D f Sodrum Throsullale
Orlhophosphorrc AB- D. F Alum t Polash I AB D f Slannrc Chlorrde AA;: ;::
Organrc Acrds AB. D. f 4lumlnum Chloride AB. D. F Slannous fluorrde AB- D- F
Oxalrc ABCD- f 4lummum Sullale AB. D. f Sulhle Lrquors AB. D- f
Palmrhc ABCD-f Ammoncurr Brcarbonate AB- 0. f Sultale Lrquors AB. D- f
Perchlorlc Ammonrum Carbonate AB. 0. f Trrsodrum Phosphale AB. D- f
Phenolsulfonrc AB- D-f Ammonrum Chlorrde AB D.f lrnc Acelale AB. D. f
PhOsphorK Glrcral AB. D. F Ammonwm Nrtrate AB- D. f 2mc Ammonrum Chlorrde AB. D. f
Phthahc AB- D- f Ammonrum Phosphate AB- D-f 2rnc Chlorrde AB. D-f
Prcrrc AB- D- F Ammonnrm Sullale AB. D. f 2rnc Hydrosullrle AB. D. f
Propronrc AB. D-f Ammomum fhrocyanale AB- D. f Zrnc Sullale AB. D-f
Pyrofialhc AD. D. F Arsenrc frrchlorrde AB- D. f
Sahcyhc AB- D-f
Sorbrc
Bakmg Soda
Barurm Carbonate
AB.
AB.D
D. f
f FOOD & FOOD PRODUCTS
Slearrc ;t;;:: Barnrm Chloride AB- D- f Asprrm ABCD.f
Succmrc AB. D-f Barrum Suttate AB-D f Alcohol B- D. f
Sulphurrc 0 15% AB- D. f Barrum Sullrde AB. D-f Ale .B D-f
Sulphurrc 15 96x, A. _. .f Borax AB.D f Beer B. 0. f
Sullurour Boner Feed Waler Compou ABCD-f Beet Sugar Lrquors B- D. F
lannrc E&: Calcwn Brsulhte AB.D F B. D. f
Butter
Tarlarrc ABCD f Calcrum Chlorrde AB. 0. f Bulterrnrlk B. D. f
Terephlhahc AB D F Calrrum Sullale AB. D. f Cane Sugar Lrquors -B D.f
Toluenesultomc AB D f Calgon ABCD- f Castor 011 B- D. f
TOIUIC AB D- f Chromwm Potassrum Surlale AB- D. f Cheeses B. D. f
Trrchloroacelrc AB D f Copper Chlorrde AB- D f Chocolale B. D- F
urrc AB D f Copper Nrtrate AB. D. f Crder B. D. f
Valerrc AB D f Copper Sullale AB. D. f Crlrus Jurces B. D-C
Vrnyl Acetate AB D f FemC Chlorrde AB. D-f Coconut 011 B. D- f
Ferric Sullale AB- D-f Cotlee 8. D-f
ALKALINE CHEMICALS ferrous Chloride AB. D-F Cola Drunks E. D. f
Ammonrum Carbonale AB D f ferrous Sulfate AB D f Corn 011 B- D. f
Ammomum Hydrorrde AB D f Clauber s Salt AB. D-f Cornstarch Slurry 6. D-f
Amyl AmInes- AB-D f Ink Collonseed 011 8. D-f
Lead Acetate ;;: ;:: De&m B- D. f
Anhydrous Ammonra Lrqurd A D- f
Barrum Hydroxrde AB D-f Lead Carbonate AB- D- f Dextrose B- D. f
Bleachmg Powder D f Lead Nrlrale AB- D-f LUG B. D-f
Bulyl Ammes AB-D f Lrlhrum Carbonate AB.D f f rsh 011 8. D. f
Calcrum Carbonate AB D f Mapnesrum Chlorrde AB- D- f frurl Jurces 8. D. F
Calcwm Hydroxrde AB D. f Magnesnrm Oxrde AB. D. f Gelahn B. D. f
Calcrum Hypochlorrle -D F Magnesrum Sulrate AB. D-f Hydrogenaled fats B- D. f
Calcrum Oxrde D-f Manganous Sullale AB- D- f Ice Cream B. D- f
Causbc Soda D f Mercury Salts AB- D- f Jelly E. D- f
Cycloherylamme Aft D f Nrchel Acetate AB. D-f Kelchuo B- D- F
Delernenls AB- D-f krchel Chlorrde AB D.f Lard B- D-f
Orethanol Amrne AB D f Nrckel Nrlrale AB.D f Mall 8. D-f
Drsodrum Phosphale AB. D. f Nrcher Sullale AB. D- f Monnrlol 8. D. f
Hydrazme Nylon Salt AB. 0. f Mayonnarse B. D-F
Hydroxylamme Phosphorus Trrchlorrde A .f Maple Syrup E-D-f
Lame Slurrres Polassrum Brsullrde AB- D. f Mrlk B- D. f
Lrlhnrm Carbonate Polassrum Carbonale AB. D- f Mrneral 011
Ldhrum Hydroxrde AB- D. f Polassrum Chlorrde AB.D F Molasses :;:;::
Lye Polassrum Chromale AB. D-f Monosodrum Dlulamale B- D. f
Magnesrurn Hydroxrde AB : : Polassrum Cyanrde Dleomargarrne B. D- f
AB. D f
Monoelhanolamrne AB-D f Dhve 011
Potasstum lodrde AB- D. f Palm Or1 : 5: ;::
Morpholme AB D f
Potassrum Brcarbonale Polassrum Permanganale A___.f Prchle Solubons b- D. f
AB- D-F
Polassnrm Carbonate AB- D- f Polassrum Phosphates AB. D. F Salad 011
Polassrum Sultale AB. D-F Sorbrlol : D:D:;
Polassrum Chlorate --D-f
Polassrum Cvanrde AB.0 F Sal Ammonrac AB. D-F Saccharme B- D-f
Polassrum Hydroxrde b. f Sal Soda AB. D-f Soybean 011 B- D.f
Polassrum Phosphate AD- D. F Sea Waler AB. D. F Sugar Solubons B. D. f
Sdver Nrtrale .D.__f
Pyrrdme AB- D-I Soll Drrnhs B- D- f
Soap 8 Soap Solubons ABCD- f Soda Ash AB. D.f
Sodurrn Alummale Starches
Sodrum &carbonate AB D- F AB. D. f Vegetable 011 : ;: ;::
Sodrum Carbonale AB- D- t Sodrum Acrd Sullale
;;: ;:: Vmegar E- 0. f
Sodnrm Hydroarde D. f Sodrum Brcarbonale
Sodrum Brsullale Whrskey (L Wme B. D. f
Sodrum Hypochlorrle -.D.f AB. D. F Waler 8. D. f
Sodrum Perorrde Sodrum B6ulhle AB. D. f
Sodrum Borate Yeast B. 0. f
Sodrum Phosphate AD: D: f AB- D. f Yogurt B. D-f
Sodnrm Telraborale Aft. D. f Sodnrm Carbonate AB. D. f
Telramrne C
Trrelhanotamrne
AB-
AB-
D.
D.
f
f
Sodrum Chlorrde
Sodrum Chromate
AB.
AB.
D- f
D- f
GASES
Trrelhvlamme
Trrsodrum Phosphale
AE-
AB-
D.
D.
f
f
Sodrurn Cyanrde
Sodrum Drchromale
Sodrum fluorrde
AB.
AB-
AB-
D-f
D- f
D- f
Acetylene
Au
Ammonia IWeIr
x::
AB. D. f
Urea AB D f Sodrum Ndrale Ammonia (Anhydrousr A- 0. f
AB- 0. f
Waler Glass AB. D-f Sodrum Nrlrrle Argon rlnerlr ABCDEF
AB. 0. f
(continued)
 Glass, Ceramics, and Carbon-Graphite 789

TABLE 6.1: CARBON-GRAPHITE-U.S. GRAPHITE (continued)

Crrplitar Craphitar Craphitar
Chemical Crtrpory Chemical Category Chtmical Category
suggested suggested Suggested

~;m;T~dluor~dc AR- 0. f Carbrlols t Dlethylene Glycol Ethers1 ABCD. f Ketones ABCD. f

Carbon Lhsulhde Lubrrcalm Or1 ABCD. f
A&;: WoZ; Telrachlorlde ;t;;:: Lacquers 1 Lacquer Solvents ABCD. f
Butadrene
BUlane ABCDEf ABCD- f Lmseed 011 ABCD- f
Bulylenc ABCOEf Chlorobenzene A6CD.f Lrgrorn t Petroleum Ether I ABCD. f
Carbon Dlondc Chlorolhene ABCD- f Methyl Acetate ABC&f
Carbon MonorIde x:: ;;Egslrn ABCD-f Methyl Acrylale ABCD- f
Chlorme Methyl Alcohol ABCD f
Creosote ;;i;:: Methyl Cellosolve ABCD. f
Cyanopen &ii!
$c;ny ne Cresol ABCD.f Methyl Chloride ABCD- f
ABCDLf ;;;e;Jdehyde ABCD. f Melbylelhyl Ether ABCD f
Elher Methyl Ethyl Ketone ABC0 f
Ethylene ox:: Cycloherane z:.: Methyl formate ABCD- f
fluorme Dlacelone ABCD f Methyl Isobulyl Ketone ABCD f
ABib;; Dlbulyl PhospWe ABCD.f Melhyl Sahcylale ABC0 f
freons
Chbulyl Phlhalale ABC0.f Mmeral 011 ABCD- F
Hydrogen ABCDEF
Lhchloroelhane ABCD.f Mmeral Spurts ABCD. f
Hydrogen Chloride ABCDEf
DrchlorOpenlane ABCD f Monochlorobenzene ABCD. f
Hydrogen fluorrde f
Chesel 011 ABCD.f Naphtha ABCD-f
Hydrogen Sulhde AB: :;
Dlelhylbenzene ABCD- f Naphthalene ABCD.f
lodme D~elhyleneglycol ABCD-f Ntilrobenzene ABCD. f
Melhrnc z;;
Dlelhyl Sullale ABCD. f Oclyl Alcohol ABCD. f
Natural Gas
;rxl$I Phlhalale ABCD- f Oleyl Alcohol ABCD- f
Neon ABCDEf
ABCDCf ABCD. f Orlho Drchlorobenzene ABCD- f
klrlc Ollde
D:penlene ABCD. f PIml 6 Parnl Vehules ABCD. f
NIlrogen ABCDff
Dlphenyl ABCD- f Paraflm ABCD. f
Nrlrous Oarde ABCDEf
Dowtherms ABC0.f Paratlrn 011s ABCD. f
Oxygen ABCDEf
Elher.Dlelhyl ABCD. f Para Drchlorobenzene ABCD. f
Phosgene Ef
Ether. Petroleum ABCD f Paralormaldehyde ABCD. f
Propane jk;;: Ethyl Acetate ABCD. F
Propylene Paraldehyde ABCO- f
Ethyl Alcohol ABCD-f Perchloroethylene ABCD. f
Sleam 110 5OOf.j
;;;:: Ethyl Benzene A8CD.f Phenol
Sullur Dlollde ABCD.f
Sullur TrIorIde Ethyl Chlorrde Pme Chl :;:;::
Ethyl Mercaplan ABCD- f Polyethylene
flhyl Sullale Polystyrene ;;:;::
Ethylene Polyurethane AECD f
SOLVENTS & ORGANIC MATERIALS Ethylene Dlchlorrde
Ethylene Glycol ABC0.f
Preslone
Propyl Alcohol
ABCD.
AECD-
f
f
Acelaldehyde AtcCD-f Ethylene Orlde ABCD f Propylene Oxhlorlde ABCD. f
Acetone ABCD-f formaldehyde ABCD- f Resorcmol ABCD. f
Acelophenone :;yO;Lwehed I ABCD f Sloddard Solvent ABCD f
Acrolem ;;;;:: ABCD-f ABCD f
Acetate Solvents furlural ABCD f szrene AECD f
Almond 011 ;;;;:: AECD f Telrachloroethane
furluryl Alcohol AECD f
Amy\ Acelale ABCD. f Gasohne ABCD-f Telrachloroethylene ABCD- f
Amy1 Alcohol ABCD.f Glycerme AECO- f Toluene ABCD- f
Amy1 Chloride Glue ABC0.f Tr%hlorobenzene AECD- f
Andme ;;;;:: Heplane ABCD- f Tr~chloroelhylene ABCD f
Anlhracene ABCD-f Hydrazme Hydrate ABCD- f Trlcresyl Phosphate ABCD f
Asphalt ABCD-f Isobulyl Acetate ABC&f Turpenbne AECD f
fk&ehyde lsobulyl Alcohol AeC0.f Varmsh ABCD f
;;;;:: Isopropyl Acelate ABCD.f Vmyl Acetate AECD- f
Bulyl Acetate ABC0.f Isopropyl Alcohol ABCD.f Vmyl Chloride AECD-f
Bulyl Alcohol ABCD- f j;p;fcp;l Ether ABCD- f Waler AECD f
Bulyl Cellosolve ABC6.f A8CD.f Wares ABCD. f
Camphor ABCD.f Kerosene ABC0.f Xylene AECD f

- Not ruommended lor IhIs enwronment Tins does not predU ladure lor a
Owen Glade only that aMthe Grade would be prelerable. all other
conslderabons bemg equal.
790 Corrosion Resistant Materials Handbook

TABLE 6.2: CERAMIC FIBER PRODUCTS-3M

NEXTEL 312 Ceramic Fibers are continuous polycrystalline metal oxide fibers suitable for producing textiles
without the aid of other fiber or metal inserts. Nextel fabrics, tapes and sleevings are exceptional, high temperature
products designed to meet the toughest thermal and electrical performance requirements and to offer performance
far beyond the useful limits of other high temperature textiles.

Individual fibers of NEXTEL 312 are transparent, smooth and continuous. NEXTEL 312 Fibers, in terms of their
metal oxides are (by weight) 62% aluminum oxide (AlsOs), 14% boron oxide (BsOs), and 24% silicon dioxide
(SiOs).

The effects of metals on NEXTEL 312 Fabric heated in air at 2000F are shown below. The metals which cause
attack (molten copper and tin) are extremely reactive at test temperature. Most common metals, however, have no
effect on NEXTEL 312 Fibers. The effects of chemicals on NEXTEL 312 Fibers after exposure to 10% chemical
baths (room temperature) are also shown.

Effects of Metals on NEXTEL 312 Fabric

Metal Effect at
1100C (20 12F)

aluminum, boron, No attack

platinum, cobalt, No attack

chromium, gold, No attack

iron, nickel, silicon, No attack
soft solder No attack

copper, tin (molten) Severe attack

Effects of Chemicals on NEXTEL 312 Fibers

HCI (hydrochloric acid) 90

HA04 (sulfuric acid) 50

hydroxide) less than 1

CaO (calcium oxide-lime) 40
After exposure to 10% chemcal baths and 10 ml at 815C (149YF)
 Glass, Ceramics, and Carbon-Graphite 797

TABLE 6.3: CERAMIC LININGS-ABRESIST

ABRESIST is a mineral material, a silicate with a high compressive strength and a high modulus of elasticity, with
extreme resistance to abrasion, whereby a certain sensitivity to impact is also present. In addition to its abrasion
resistance, fused cast basalt does not rust and thus always presents a smooth sliding surface. Even after an idle period
in a wet transportation system, clogging and plug formation are largely eliminated.

Resistance of ABRESISP agalnst Bases

Agent a1 Test
* Plate test
Potash lye (KOH 25 %) 60C 100 % * OperatIonal test. no weight loss after
.353 K. hot, llowmg 112davs
Potash lye (KOH 10 %). 2OC 100 % * Materials Tesbng lnstltute Neuwled:
Sbll no weight loss after 30 days
Soda lye (NaOH 25 %) 6OC almost 100 % OperatIonal test: weight toss
353 K, hot. flowmg of 0.6 % after 9 months

Soda lye (NaOH 10 %) 20C almost 100 % Materials Tesbng lnsbtute Neuwled;
0.9 % weioht loss after 30 davs
Soda solubon (Na,CO, 5 %) 20C almost 100 %* Materials Testmg tnstltute Neuwled.
0.2 % weight loss alter 30 days
Calcium chloride (CaCI,). 20C 100 % Operabonal lest;
pasty, sbll and flowmg no weight toss after 25 days

The values cited are average values.

Resistance of ABRESISP aaainst Acids

Agent al 293 K Test
l Plate to*1
** Powder tss1

Hydrochloric acid (HCI 25 %). almost 100 % operational lest up to 41 days;

flowing weight loss less than 0.2 %
Protective layer weak bleaching of surface

rlydrochloric acid (WI 36 %). almost loo %' Materials Testing Institute, Neuwied;
stilt 0.6 % weioht loss after 30 davs

Sulfuric acid (l-l&01 40 %). loo % Operational test; no weght loss

still after 60 days

Sulfuric acid (f-f&01 94 %). almost 100% Materials Testing Institute Neuwied;
St111 0.4 % weight loss after 30 days

Sulfuric acid (HzSO~), almost 100 % 0.003 % weight loss after 7 days
concentrated (19 Dec. 1966)

Nitric acid (HNO3 65 %). loo % Materials Testing Institute Neuwied;

still no weight loss after 30 days

Hydrofluorlc acid (HF 20 ?&) LimIted resistance* Operational test; 0.5 mm w= etched
away at surface after 20 days

Hydrofluorlc acid (HF 40 %) Limlted resistance* Materials Testing Institute Neuwied;

22.8 % weght loss after 30 days

Probintiure, still loo % Materials testing lnstttute Neuwied;

no weght loss after 30 days

Lactic acid (6 %). loo % Attests by many dairies and the Kiet
flowmg and still Testing Instihrte.
No weight loss after 3 years
792 Corrosion Resistant Materials Handbook

TABLE 6.4: FOAMED GLASS BLOCK-PENNWALT

A totally inorganic borosilicate foamed glass block containing no binders, PENNGUARD Block offers excebtional
resistance to most acids, solvents and weak bases, and over a temperature range up to 960F (516C). It is control-
manufactured as a 100% closed-celled, foamed glass block, impervious to acidic liquids and gases, is extremely light-
weight, and possesses low thermal conductivity values even under completely acidic liquid operating exposures while
its low coefficient of thermal expansion provides high resistance to thermal shock. PENNGUARD Block does not
support combustion and can be used alone or in combination with refractory or chemically-resistant masonry/
monolithic linings at higher temperatures to provide a unique combination of acid corrosion protection and heat
conservation. The block is installed in a manner similar to a chemically-resistant masonry lining, utilizing special
mortar or an adhesive/membrane to fully bond the block to the substrate and to fully side joint between adjacent
block.
4

Acid Condrnsste Solutlons end Gases Bese end Selt Solutions

Sulfuric Acid t-I&O, Sodium Sulfate. Na&O.

Nitric Acid. HNO, Sodium Sulfite. Na2S03

Hydrochloric Acid, HCI . Ammonium NItrate, NH,NO

Phosphoric Acid, H3P04 . Oraanlcs I

Acetic Acid . Heptane

Hydrofluoric Acid, HF . Kerosene

. Benzene
Steam Impingement
Toluene
Base and Salt Solutions
Ammonrum Hydroxide, NH,OH
Magnesium Hydroxide, Mg(OH)2
.
.
5:_
Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)* .
Potassium Hydroxide, KOH .
Sodium Carbonate. Na.CO, 1 l Diethvl Ether . I
Sodium Chloride. NaCl . I Ethyl Acetate .
I
All concentrations including gaseous forms.

TABLE 6.5: GLASS PIPE-CORNING

Acids .8 .32
Sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, and
acetic are only a few of the most
CORROSION OF /
corrosive materials PYREX@ pipe 2 .28 CODE 7740 GLASS
can handle with ease.
? t BY NaOH SOLUTIONS
Halogenated Hydrocarbons E .24
Bromine, chlorine, brominations and 0
chlorinations all are perfect for Cor-
nings corrosion resistant systems. 2.20

6
Pharmaceuticals
Solutions are in contact only with Z.16
PYREX@ Bra& Pipe and virgin TFE
preventing possible contamination of t i i i i i i i rii I
product.

Alkalies & Hydrofluorlc Acid.

Low temperature can generally be
handled. However, hot alkalies and
hydrofluoric acid should be avoided.

Addltlonal Applications
Hydrogen peroxide
Brines I I
Hot. food grade phosphoric acid 20 60 100 140 180 220
All chemicals in the neutral pH TEMPERATURE, OF.
range
Concentrated hydrofluorrc acid attacks Alkaline solutions attack g/ass very slow/y
Code 7740 glass at all temperatures. Mild at room temperatures, but as temperature
solutions dumped mto drainlines can be IS Increased over IOOF. the corrosion
tolerated at room temperatures. rate rises rap/d/y.
 Glass, Ceramics, and Carbon-Graphite 793

TABLE 6.6: GLASSED STEEL-PFAUDLER

The glass coating of the GLASTEEL composite is a non-conductive mixture of low energy oxides that can corrode
only by a self-limiting ion exchange reaction (acids) or by direct chemical solution (alkalis). Consequently, the cor-
rosion rates of GLASTEEL can be accurately measured and valid predictions of service life can be made.

Acid Resistance
Outstanding acid resistance under extreme process conditions is a primary feature of Pfaudler GLASTEEL. The
charts which follow can be regarded as reliable quantitative laboratory data on the corrosion resistanceof GLASTEEL
5000 in five common reagent-grade acid solutions (liquid phase). Chart data are presented in terms of glass loss ex-
pressed in millimeters per year. Average Pfaudler glass thickness is approximately 1 to 2.25 mm (40 to 90 mils) on
reactors, high voltage tested. Therefore, approximate years of anticipated service life may be estimated from the
charts.

Acid Corrosion Charts

GLASTEEL 5000-HYDROCHLORIC ACID GLASTEEL 5000-SULFURIC ACID
Temp. F Temp. C Temp. F Temp. C
!32

,
!04

177

I49

121

93

66
0 10 20 30 37 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80-100

Cont. - wt. % Cont. _ WI.%

The graph shown here IS also typlcal for hydrobromic. The graph shown here IS also valid for
hydrlodic and chloroacetlc acids. sulphurous acid.

GLASTEEL SOOO-PHOSPHORIC ACID GLASTEEL 5000-ACETIC ACID

Temp. . C Temp. aF Temp.. C

(continued)
 Glass, Ceramics, and Carbon-Graphite 795

TABLE 6.6: GLASSED STEEL-PFAUDLER kontlnut?d)

GLASTEEL 5000-SODIUM CARBONATE GLASTEEL 5000-AMMONIA

Temp. F Temp. C Temp. F Temp. C
100 356

320

284 204 . t- 140

240

176 176

140 60 60
7 8 9 10 11 12 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PH PH

Corrosion Testing Miscellaneous Media

Testing to the Boiling Point.
Testmg up to the boihng point is done usmg the equipment
and procedures specified by the International Oragnrza.
tion for Standardization (ISO).
Corrosion Rates
(mm/yr.)
Acids Temperature liquid vapor
Sample Preparatron accordrng to IS0 2723 (C) (F) phase phase
Agent
Test Unrt accordrng to IS0 2733
Procedure according to IS0 2743. (This
procedure gwes quantttatwe
hquid and condensmg vapor Aqua Regia 150 (302) CO.5
phase data for most acids.)
Barium Hydroxide sat. sol. B.f? (0.1
Bromine 70 (158) to.1 CO.2
Water Chlorosulfonic Acid 150 (302) (0.2
Sample Preparatron according to IS0 2723 B.P to.1 CO.1
Ferric Chloride. 10%
Test Unit according to IS0 2733
Procedure accordmg to IS0 2744. (Thrs Hydriodic Acid, 20% 160 (320) CO.5
procedure grves quantdative Lithrum Chloride, 10% B.P (0.1 <O.l
kqurd and condensrng vapor B.f? (0.1 to.1
Lithium Chloride, 30%
data.)
Monochloracetic Acid, 20% B.P (0.1 <O.l
Oxalic Acid, 50% 150 (302) to.2
Alkali 110 (230) (0.1 (0.1
Phosphorous Acid, 70%
Sample Preparation according to IS0 2723
Sodium Fluoride, sat. sol. B.P <O.l
Test Unit accordrng to IS0 2734
Procedure accordrng to IS0 2745. (This Sodium Sulfide, 5% B.P CO.1 CO.1
procedure gives quantitative Succinic Acid, sat. sol. 200 (392) CO.5 <O.l
liqurd phase data for all
alkaline solutrons up to 80C Tri-sodium Phosphate 5% B.P CO.5
(176F). For temperature Water B.P CO.1
above 80C. consult 200 (392) CO.5
Pfaudler.)
Water