Section 4.

2: Translations of the Sine and Cosine Functions

Reflections and Vertical Shifts of Sinusoidal Functions

Reflections

Previously when weve worked with sinusoidal functions, weve only been
discussing the cases where
> 0. What would we do if
were negative?

Case 1: Odd function Case 2: Even function



 =  

 =

Its because of the above properties that we dont have to consider

reflections about the y-axis. Huzzah! Onward!

How does 
 relate to 
?

Because sin
 and cos
 are functions too, putting a negative in front of
each of these flips them over the _______________.

Lets graph the functions  = 2

,  = 2
,  = 2sin
.

How do they compare?

Lets graph the functions  = 2 

,  = 2 
,  = 2cos
.

How do they compare?

Vertical Shifts

Supposing  > 0,

The graph of 
 +  shifts _________  units, and the graph of 
 
shifts _________  units.

Vertical Translations of Sinusoidal Functions

To graph sinusoidal functions of the form  = 

  and  =
 

 , where  > 0, start with the graphs of  = 

 or  =
 

 and shift them up or down  units.

Example 1: Graph  = 2 + 3sin2

, 1
1.
Horizontal Shifts: Phase Shift

Provided that  > 0,

The graph of 
 moves C units to the __________ and the graph of

+  moves C units to the _________.

Sinusoidal functions work the same way.

Horizontal Translations of Sinusoidal Functions:

To graph sinusoidal functions of the form  = 

 or  =
 

, where
> 0 and  > 0, rewrite the functions in the form
" "
 = 
!
$ & or  =  
!
$ &, then shift the graphs of  =
# #
"


 or  =  

 units to the left or right.
#

Example 2: Graph  = 3cos 2

 over one period.

Step 1: State the amplitude.

Step 2: Calculate the period and phase shift.

Step 3: Graph.
Example 3: Graphing Sinusoidal Functions

Graph  = 2 3sin 2
+ .

Step 1: State the amplitude.

Step 2: Calculate the period and phase shift.

Step 3: Graph.