POWER SYSTEM STUDIES AND

PROTECTION OF GENERATORS

26 & 27 JULY 2017

FOUR POINTS BY SHERATON, PUCHONG

100% SATISFACTION GUARANTEED

We ensure satisfaction in our training courses.
If you think this training does not meet the
HRDF/SBL objective as mentioned in the brochure, we
will replace you with other training with the
Claimable same or less value (valid 1 year).

Our Consultant: Ir. Lee CK

COURSE OBJECTIVES
To introduce various concepts related to the power system studies and protection of large
generators of > 3 MW

WHO SHOULD ATTEND

Electrical engineers who are involved in the design, operation, load flow and short-circuit
studies and protection of large generators

COURSE FEATURES
Conducted through lectures, question and answer sessions and video presentations

www.iknowledge.com.my | E: info@iknowledge.com.my |T: +603-76511000 | F: +603-76511001

 POWER SYSTEM STUDIES AND PROTECTION OF GENERATORS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

To introduce various concepts related to the power system studies and protection of large
generators of > 3 MW

WHO SHOULD ATTEND

Electrical engineers who are involved in the design, operation, load flow and short-circuit studies
and protection of large generators

COURSE FEATURES

Conducted through lectures, question and answer sessions and video presentations

COURSE CONTENTS

1) Control of Generators
The twins of generators mechanical and electrical components, the two inputs of mechanical
power and exciter, the two controls - governor and AVR, operation as synchronised or standalone
machines and outputs of MW/frequency Mvar/voltage. The four modes of operation as
synchronous and induction generators and motors. What happens to a synchronous generator
when it loses its prime mover or excitation? Generator capability curve.

Connection directly to busbars and through stepup transformers. Earthing through neutral earthing
resistor or single-phase distribution transformer. First synchronising of generator.

2) Per Unit System

Why the per unit system is such a useful tool in the study of a multi-voltage power systems. How to
remember some of the more complicated equations? Importance of the N2 relationship between
the HV and LV equivalent impedances for a transformer. Use of per unit system for computation of
motor starting voltage dip and short-circuit currents.

3) Basic Formulas & Concepts for Power System Studies

Formulas for estimating:

Three-and two-phase fault currents
Earth fault currents in system with neutral earthing resistor
Load flow voltage drop
Motor starting voltage dip in generators and transformers

Understanding the existence of sequence components during unbalanced faults. Understanding

the fault current decrement and the transient and transient components of fault currents in
generators.

Need to understand the transformer emf equation and the V/f behaviour of iron-core equipment in
connection with the overfluxing protection of large generators. Application of the distance
protection relay as protection for generator short-circuits, loss of excitation and pole slipping.

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 POWER SYSTEM STUDIES AND PROTECTION OF GENERATORS

4) Use of Generator Impedance Data for Fault Analysis

Significance of generator saturated and unsaturated sub-transient and transient direct-axis,

quadrature-axis, negative sequence and zero sequence impedances. How to select only five of the
generator reactances for power system studies.

Examples of:

Per unit system

Motor starting voltage dip
Fault analysis

There will be some overlap with an earlier course

5) Concept of Differential Protection

Application of differential protection to more important HV equipment. Biased differential or low

impedance and high impedance differential protections. Need for bias coils to stabilise the relay
during external fault or transient non-fault conditions. Stability test of differential relays.

6) Protection of Large Generators

Disturbances. Differential protection for internal short-circuits. Backup distance and voltage
dependent overcurrent protections. 100% stator earth fault protection. Negative phase protection
against unbalanced current conditions. Loss of excitation and reverse power protections against loss
of inputs. Overvoltage, overfluxing and Volts/Hertz protection. Frequency, poles-slipping, loss of
synchronism and power swing protections. Inadvertent energising, unbalanced voltage and breaker
failure protections. Generator tripping matrix.

7) Case Studies of Generator Trippings

Review of several cases of generator trippings.

8) Free Excel File

For calculating motor starting voltage dip and fault currents in a simple system

9) Optional Demonstration of Power System Analysis Software

30-day free trial version of the software available upon request

www.iknowledge.com.my | E: info@iknowledge.com.my | T: +603-76511000 | F: +603-76511001

 POWER SYSTEM STUDIES AND PROTECTION OF GENERATORS

OUR CONSULTANT

Ir. Lee CK is a 1974 electrical engineering graduate from Strathclyde University, Glasgow with
more than 40 years of experience in the power supply industry.

Specialises in providing technical training of electrical courses and performing power system
studies.
Previously the Engineering Manager of Tamco Corporate Holdings Sdn Bhd, which
manufactures indoor medium- and low-voltage switchgear.
More than 15 years working as a protection engineer in Lembaga Letrik Negara and another
five years in a large consultancy practice.
Malaysian Energy Commission (Suruhanjaya Tenaga) certified competent/services engineer up
to 275kV.
Since 1997, trained more than 6,500 participants from electricity utilities, petrochemical industry
and multi-national companies throughout Malaysia as well as in Oman, India, Myanmar,
Thailand, Vietnam, China, Philippines, Brunei, Singapore and Indonesia and three countries in
Africa.
Carried out various training programmes for Petronas Instep, Brunei Shell Petroleum, Brunei LNG,
Petroleum Development Oman, Tenaga Nasional Berhad, Sarawak |Energy Bhd and Intel.
Topics include Power System Protection, Basic Electrical Engineering, Applications, Operation &
Maintenance of Electrical Equipment, Commissioning of Power Transformers, Protection &
Starting of Induction Motors, Medium Voltage Switchgear, Arc Flash Awareness, Electrical
Safety & Competency and Power System Studies.

www.iknowledge.com.my | E: info@iknowledge.com.my | T: +603-76511000 | F: +603-76511001

 POWER SYSTEM STUDIES AND PROTECTION OF GENERATORS
26 & 27 JULY 2017

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www.iknowledge.com.my | E: info@iknowledge.com.my | T: +603-76511000 | F: +603-76511001