9/21/2016 NPTEL::BiotechnologyMicrobiology

Humangenomeproject:

MicrobialgenetictechniqueshavemadepossibleacolossalscientificundertakingHGP.Begunin1990andsupposedto
completeby2005wascompletedinMay2000.

Humanshavejustover30,000genesinsteadofestimatesthatrangedupto142,000genes.3billionbasepairsinthe
humangenomedonotallcodeforusefulgenes(75%ofthemcodeforjunkDNA')

Over100microbialgenomeshavebeensequencedsofar.

Approx.113geneshavecometohumangenomedirectlyfrombacteria.

Venterhassequencedmousegenomeandreportsthathumanshaveonly300genesnotfoundinthemouse.

Scopeofmicrobiology

Themicrobiologyhasinfluenceongenetics,agriculture,foodscience,ecology,immunologyandvariousfields.

Genetics:Mainlyinvolvesengineeredmicrobestomakehormones,vaccine,antibioticsandmanyotherusefulproducts
forhumanbeing.

Agriculture:Theinfluenceofmicrobesonagriculturethepreventionofthediseasesthatmainlydamagetheuseful
crops.

Food science: It involves the prevention of spoilage of food and food borne diseases and the uses of microbes to
producecheese,yoghurt,picklesandbeer.

Immunology:Thestudyofimmunesystemwhichprotectthebodyfrompathogens.

Medicine: deals with the identification of plans and measures to cure diseases of human and animals which are
infectioustothem.

Industry:itinvolvesuseofmicrobestoproduceantibiotics,steroids,alcohol,vitaminsandaminoacidsetc.

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