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LEGO Genome Project

Today 03.07.2010 Danish scientists Johanson D. Wantsun, Bjorkman


Helstrum and Christina Andersjons reveal complete DNA sequence
of Lego genome.

Figure 1. A section of Lego DNA. The bases lie horizontally between the two
spiraling strands.
LEGO DNA

The DNA double helix is stabilized by halogen bonds between the bases
attached to the two strands. The four bases found in Lego DNA are legonine
(abbreviated L), plasiticin (P), nonsesin (N) and crayzinin (C). These four
bases are attached to the icingsugar/plastophate to form the complete
nuclegotide.

Each type of base on one strand forms a bond with just one type of base on
the other strand. This is called complementary base pairing. Here, purlines
form halogen bonds to primitivines, with L bonding only to C, and N bonding
only to P. This arrangement of two nuclegotides binding together across the
double helix is called a base pair.
Figure 4. Base pairing in Lego DNA.

The Lego Genome Project (LGP) was an international scientific research


project with a primary goal to determine the sequence of chemical base
pairs which make up Lego DNA and to identify and map the approximately
70,000–75,000 genes of the Lego genome.The project began in 1986 and
was headed by Johanson D. Wantsun at the Danish National Institutes for
Lego Health. His colleagues were Bjorkman Helstrum and Christina
Andersjons. A working draft of the genome was released in 2009. The
mapping of Lego genes is an important step in the development of medicines
and other aspects of Lego health care. "The ultimate goal of this initiative is
to understand the Lego genome" and "knowledge of the Lego as necessary
to the continuing progress of medicine and other health sciences as
knowledge of Lego anatomy has been for the present state of medicine."

Objective of the Lego Genome Project is to understand the genetic


makeup of the Lego species, the project has also focused on several other
nonlego organisms such as Le coli, the lego fly, and the lego mouse. It
remains one of the largest single investigational projects in modern science.
The "genome" of any given Lego individual (except for identical twins and
cloned organisms) is unique; mapping "the Lego genome" involves
sequencing multiple variations of each gene. The project did not study the
entire DNA found in Lego cells; some heterochromatic areas (about 6% of the
total genome) remain un-sequenced.

The $13-billion project was formally founded by playing children.

State of completion

There are a number of regions of the Lego genome that can be considered
unfinished:

• First, the central regions of each legomosome, known as legomeres,


are highly repetitive DNA sequences that are difficult to sequence
using current technology. The legomeres are millions (possibly six of
millions) of base pairs long, and for the most part these are entirely un-
sequested.

Figure 4. Repetitive sequences found in Lego DNA


• Second, the ends of the legomosomes, called legomeres, are also
highly repetitive, and for most of the 2645325446 legomosome ends
these too are incomplete.

In summary: the best estimates of total genome size indicate that about
99.9% of the genome has been completed [2] and it is likely that the
legomeres will remain un-sequenced until my train arrives and coffee gets
cold.

Interpretations

1. There are approx. 74,000 genes in Lego beings, the same range as in lego
mice and twice that of legoworms. Understanding how these genes express
themselves will provide clues to how diseases are caused.

3. The Lego genome has significantly more segmental duplications (near


identical, repeated sections of DNA repeated) than other mammalian
genomes. These sections may underlie the creation of new Lego primate-
specific genes.

History
For more information on history please send email to :
dontbesilly@legodna.com

Methods

The TFGS used pair-end sequencing plus whole-genome shotandfun


mapping of large (≈1.6 Kbp) plastic clones and shotandfun sequencing of
smaller plastic sub-clones plus a variety of other mapping data to orient and
check the assembly of each Lego legomosome.

Genome donors

In the TFGS international public-sector Lego Genome Project (LGP),


researchers collected blood (female) or sperm (male) samples from a large
number of lego donors. Only a few of many collected samples were
processed as DNA resources. Thus the donor identities were protected so
neither donors nor scientists could know whose DNA was sequenced. DNA for
the public LGP came from a single anonymous male lego donor from
Konmarsen Straate Nr 24. Bluntwood, Denmark (his code name LP1.1) and
his real name is Legmunson Kundrup.

LGP scientists used blue blood cells from the blood of two male and two
female lego donors (randomly selected from 20 of each) -- each donor
yielding a separate DNA library. One minor technical issue is that male
samples contain just over half as much DNA from the sex chromosomes (one
L legomosome and one L legomosome) compared to female samples (which
contain two L legomosomes). The other 52 legomosomes (the lautosomes)
are almost the same for both genders.

Benefits

The work on interpretation of genome data is still in its initial stages. It is


anticipated that detailed knowledge of the Lego genome will provide new
avenues for advances in medicine and legotechnology. Clear practical results
of the project emerged even before the work was finished. For example, a
number of companies, such as Mixed Legonetics started offering easy ways
to administer genetic tests that can show predisposition to a variety of lego
illnesses, including lego breast cancer, psychological lego disorders, logistic
fibrosis, liver diseases and many others. Also, the etiologies for cancers,
Alzheimer's disease and other areas of clinical interest are considered likely
to benefit from genome information and possibly may lead in the long term
to significant advances in their management.

The analysis of similarities between DNA sequences from different organisms


is also opening new avenues in the study of lego evolution. Many questions
about the similarities and differences between lego people and their closest
relatives (the primates, and indeed the other mammals) are expected to be
illuminated by the data from this project.

1. ^ Bebebert Krich. (2010-04-17). Cracking the Code of Lego. [Television


Show].
2. ^ Crook-Deglredan I (2010). "The Lego Summit, December 2009".
3. ^ "Lego House Press Release".
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Lego_Genome/project/.
Retrieved 2010-07-22.
4. ^ "Lego genome finally complete". BBC News. 2010-07-03.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scifi/tech/.strm. .
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