A FLUID–STRUCTURE INTERACTION

METHOD FOR HIGHLY DEFORMABLE

SOLIDS
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
 Introduction – IEFGM (Immersed Element-Free
Galerkin Method )
 Formulation of the IEFGM
 Application examples
 Comparison with analytical solution
 Conclusion
 References
INTRODUCTION

IEFGM Necessary ???

 ALE FEM formulation

Limitations : Fluid flow or large strain continuum deformation

formulation
 Mesh free particle methods (2003)
 SPH method(1994)
IMMERSED ELEMENT-FREE GALERKIN METHOD
(IEFGM)

 Numerical method – to model FSI problems involving highly

flexible solids and slender solid body.
 Solid domain - updated-Lagrangian IEFG formulation
 The fluid-solid interaction force is represented as a volumetric
force in the momentum equations
 A Lagrangian solid domain moves on top of an Eulerian fluid
domain which spans over the entire computational region
 Coupling (continuity) between the solid and fluid domains
Moving Least Squares local approximation
IMMERSED ELEMENT-FREE GALERKIN METHOD
(IEFGM)

 Applications simulating the motion of rigid and deformable

Applications:
objects falling in a viscous fluid
Ex: 1. Transport of deformable inclusions in liquid metals.
2. Computational modeling of oxide bifilms during casting
 Combined aspects of the immersed finite element method , the
element-free Galerkin method
 The fluid domain model - finite element method
 The solid domain model - using the element-free Galerkin
method
 FORMULATION OF THE IEFGM

-------------(1)

Fig. Definition of the solid (Lagrangian) domain and the fluid (Eulerian) domain.

Eulerian configuration - characterized by the time invariant position vector x,

Lagrangian configuration - characterized by the current position vector xs
ASSUMPTIONS :

 The materials in both the solid and fluid domains are

incompressible
 No-slip condition between solid and fluid regions
 The union of the two domains can be treated as one continuum
incompressible domain with a continuous velocity, pressure,
and temperature fields
 The fluid occupies the entire computational domain and that
the solid domain is placed on top of the fluid domain.
DOMAIN MODELING
 The fluid domain - Modelled using the finite element method
with an Eulerian formulation.
position x
The independent variables
actual time t

velocity v
The dependent variables
pressure p
temperature T
DOMAIN MODELING

 The solid domain - modelled using the element-free Galerkin

method with an updated-Lagrangian formulation

 position xs The dependent variables

 actual time t,
 particle’s displacement us The independent variables
 us defined as the difference between the current and previous
position.
GOVERNING EQUATIONS
Solid domain
 The solid domain is assumed to be fully submerged into the
fluid domain at all times, it is considered to be incompressible,
and it moves at the same speed as the fluid domain (non-slip
condition between fluid and solid)

Where, f iFSI,s Fluid–structure interaction force

 The fluid–structure interaction force is treated as an additional

body force acting on the solid
GOVERNING EQUATIONS
Computational domain
 Momentum equation for the entire computational domain

Navier–Stokes equation
------- (3)
 Computational domain is incompressible

Incompressibility constrain ----- (4)

Equation 3,4---- Strong forms of the governing equation for the

following domain
COUPLING BETWEEN THE SOLID AND FLUID
DOMAINS
 Coupling = Development of a numerical code capable of
simulating fluid–solid interaction problems with the IEFG
formulation
 Two critical variables relevant to this coupling are
1. Solid domain Velocity vs(x,t) and
2. The interaction force acting upon the fluid in the overlapping domain fFSI

--- - -- - -- -- - -- - (5) .

- - - - - - (6) .
 COUPLING BETWEEN THE SOLID AND FLUID
DOMAINS
Local Approximation of x component of fluid model

a) local approximation of the x-component of the fluid nodal velocity (v,x).

b) Influence domains associated with each node
COUPLING BETWEEN THE SOLID AND FLUID
DOMAINS

--------------- -- - -- -- - -- - (5) .

- - - - - - (6) .

-----------(7) .
DISTRIBUTION OF THE INTERACTION FORCE, FFSI,
IN THE FLUID DOMAIN

-------(8) .

--------(9) .
NUMERICAL EXAMPLES
 Case 1:
Infinitely rigid solid disk falling by gravity while submerged in a
viscous Newtonian fluid
 Case 2:
Elongated ring-shape soft solid
CASE 1 : INFINITELY RIGID SOLID DISK FALLING

The properties of the solid disk

 Disk dia = 2mm

 density = 12,000 kg/m3

 Poison’s ratio = 0.3

The properties of the fluid

 Density = 8800 kg/m3

 l = 2.0e3 N s/m2.

 The Eulerian grid consisted of 3321 rectangular bilinear

elements (10 mm wide X 20 mm high)
CASE 1 : INFINITELY RIGID SOLID DISK FALLING
CASE 1 : INFINITELY RIGID SOLID DISK FALLING
COMPARISON WITH ANALYTICAL SOLUTION

 The average solid velocity

 The analytical velocity
COMPARISON WITH ANALYTICAL SOLUTION
 Comparison between the velocity histories of a rigid solid disk
falling in a viscous fluid
CASE 2 : SOFT DISK FALLING IN A VISCOUS FLUID
CASE 2 : SOFT DISK FALLING IN A VISCOUS FLUID

 Final shape of the disk and the fluid velocity field in the vicinity of the solid-
fluid interface is shown
CASE 2 : SOFT DISK FALLING IN A VISCOUS FLUID

a) Position and shape of the solid body at nine different times are shown,
b)
CASE 2 : SOFT DISK FALLING IN A VISCOUS FLUID
CONCLUSIONS
 Very robust for modelling the fluid dynamics of flexible slender
bodies.
 Large rotations, translations and deformations of the solid body
can be captured
 The introduction of the thermal convection of the fluid
represents an important factor affecting the movement of the
fluid. Details of the velocity field and the shape and position of
the solid domain as a function of time, which for the highly thin
and flexible film shown in this work would be difficult to model
with finite element-based formulations, were effectively
captured by the IEFG method
REFERENCES
1. “ APPLICATIONS OF THE IMMERSED ELEMENT-FREE GALERKIN
METHOD”, Claudio M. Pita, Sergio D. Felicelli, Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Mississippi State University, USA
2. “Comparison of various fluid–structure interaction methods for
deformable bodies ”, Computers & Structures,Volume 85, Issues
11-14, June-July 2007, Pages 833-843
3. Coupling of the improved element-free Galerkin and boundary
element methods for two-dimensional elasticity problems
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Volume 32, Issue 2,
February 2008, Pages 100-107
4. On the use of element-free Galerkin Method for problems involving
incompressibility, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements,
Volume 31, Issue 2, February 2007, Pages 103-115
LAGRANGIAN BACKGROUND MESH

Detail of the Lagrangian background mesh for the solid disk on top of the Eulerian
fluid mesh