Electric Charge and Electric Induction

Field

I. Static Electricity, Electric Charge and Its

Conservation
Static electricity - a stationary electric
charge, typically produced by friction that
causes sparks or crackling or the attraction
of dust or hair.
Electric Charge - the physical property of
matter that causes it to experience a force
when placed in an electromagnetic field
Electrostatics The interactions between
electric charges that are at rest
Two positive charges and two negative
charges repel each other.
Law of Conservation of Electric Charge
The algebraic sum of all electric charges in
any closed system is constant.

II. Electric Charge in the Atom

The structure of atoms can be described in
terms of three particles: the negatively
charged electron, positively charged proton
and the uncharged neutron.
The protons and neutrons made up a very
From University Physics by Young and Freedman
dense core called the nucleus.
The number of protons or electrons in a
Electroscope
neutral atom of an element is called the
atomic number. A device that is used for
Ionization is the gain or loss of electron. detecting charge

III. Insulators and Conductors V. Coulombs Law

Conductors The magnitude of the electric
Materials that allows easy flow of force between two point charges
electricity is directly proportional to the
product of the charges and
Insulators
inversely proportional to the
Materials that does not allow flow of
square of the distance between
electricity
them.
Semiconductors 1 2
a solid substance that has a =
2
conductivity between that of an 2
insulator and that of most metals, = 8.98755 109 2
either due to the addition of an 2
9.0 109 2
impurity or because of temperature
effects Unit: Coulomb (C)
Superposition of Forces
IV. Induced Charge: Electroscope When two charges exert
forces simultaneously on a
 third charge, the total force
acting on the charge is the
vector sum of the forces that
the two forces would exert
individually.
Elementary Charge - the charge on one
electron
= 1.602 1019

From Physics by Giancoli

VI. Electric Field

The electric force on a charged body
is exerted by the electric field created
by other charges.
Electric Field
- At any point in the space is defined
as the force exerted on a tiny
positive test charge placed at that
point divided by the magnitude of
the test charge q:

=

Examples ( From Physics by Giancoli and University Physics by Young and Freedman )