EEE Formula (Part-1)

EEE Formula. , -
Sinusoidal Voltages and Currents:
Effective Value = 0.707 Peak Value
Average Value = 0.636 Peak Value

Peak Value = 1.414 Effective Value

Effective Value = 1.11 Average Value
Peak Value = 1.57 Average Value
Average Value = 0.9 Effective Value

Form Factor = Effective Value/ Average Value = 1.11

Peak Factor = Maximum Value/ Effective Value = 1.414
Effective Value = R.M.S Value
Speed Vs Poles Formula:
f = NP/120
N = 120f/P

P = 120f/N
Here, f = Frequency, N = Speed of Rotation (RPM), P = Number of Poles, 120 = Time constant.
Power Factor (PF):

PF = Actual Power/Apparent Power

= Watt / (Volts Amperes)
= kW / kVA
= R/Z
= Cos
Ohms law:
R = V/I = V2 /P = P/I2

V = P/I = IR = (RP)
I = V/R = P/I = (P/R)
P = VI = V2/R = I2R

AC Circuit:
Inductive Reactance, XL = 2fL = L (ohm)
Capacitive Reactance, XC = 1/2fC = 1/C (ohm)
Impedance, Z = R+jXL (R-L Series ckt)
Impedance, Z = R- jXC (R-C Series ckt)
Impedance, Z = R+j(XL XC) = R2+(XL XC)2 [R-L-C Series ckt]
Q-Factor = 1/R(L/C)
Resonance Condition, XL = XC Power Factor = 1

V = IZ
I = V / Z = YV
Admittance, Y = 1/Z = 1/R + j (1/XC 1/XL) = 1/R + j (C 1/L)
Y = G + j B (Here, conductance G = 1 / R represents the real (conductive) component and B = ( BC BL
) is the imaginary (reactive) part)

Inductive Susceptance, BL = 1 / XL = 1/L

Capacitive Susceptance, BC = 1/ XC = C
Power:

1 kW = 1.341Hp
1Hp = 0.746 kW
Hp= Horsepower, kW = Kilowatt
VA = VxI

Watt = VICos
VAR = VISin
Single Phase power:

kVA = VxI/1000, kW = VxIxPF/1000, I = kWx1000/VxPF, V = kWx1000/IxPF

Three Single Phase Power:
kVA =3x VxI/1000, kW = 3xVxIxPF/1000, (P = 1.732VICos)

VL = 3xVP VP = VL/3, IL = IP (Star Connection)

IL = 3xIP IP = IL/3 , VL =VP (Delta Connection)

EEE Formula (Part-2)

Transformer:
EMF of Primary Winding/Phase, Ep = 4.44NPfM Volts
EMF of Secondary Winding/Phase, ES = 4.44NSfM Volts
Transformation Ratio , k or a = Ep / ES = Np / NS = IS / IP
No Load Loss, O = Vi IO CosO
Working Component, IW = IO CosO
Magnetizing Component, I = IO SinO
No load Power factor, CosO = O / Vi IO

Condition for Maximum Efficiency is: Core Loss = Copper Loss

Hysteresis Loss, Ph = Kh f Bm 1.6 (Watt) [Here, Kh = Constant, Bm = Max. Flux Density, f= Frequency]
Eddy current loss, Pe = Ke f2 Bm2 t2 (Watt) [Here, Ke = Constant, Bm = Max. Flux Density, f=
Frequency, t = Thickness of lamination sheet]
KVAMAX = KVARATED (Core Loss/F.L Copper Loss)

Full load copper loss 400W, in half load copper loss is: 400x (1/2)2
Auto Transformer:
Transformed Power = Delivered Power x (1-a)

Conducted Power = Delivered Power Transformed Power

Alternator:
EMF (RMS)/Phase, E = 4.44fT KP Kd Volts
(Here, f= Frequency, T= No. of Turn, = Flux/Pole, KP= Pitch Factor, KP= Distribution Factor)

%VR VNL VFL ) / VFL x100

=(

NS = 120f/P (NS = Synchronous Speed RPM, f= Frequency, P = No. of Pole)

AC Motor:

Slip, %S = {( NS NR ) / NS }x100
S NS NR ) / NS
=(

S = fr/f

NR = 120f (1-S)/P
NS = 120f /P
fr = S x f

(NS = Synchronous Speed RPM, Nr = Rotor Speed RPM, f= Frequency, P = No. of Pole, S = SLip)

Written by: Mohammad Ramjan Ali