Telugu script

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Telugu script (Telugu: , translit. Telugu lipi), an abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts, is
used to write the Telugu language, a Dravidian language spoken in the South Indian states of Andhra Telugu script
Pradesh and Telangana as well as several other neighbouring states. The Telugu script is also widely used
for writing Sanskrit texts and to some extent the Gondi language. It gained prominence during the Vengi
Chalukyas era. It shares many similarities with its sibling Kannada script.[2]
Type Abugida
Languages Telugu
Contents Sanskrit
Gondi language
1 Derivation from Brahmi script Time c. 900BCEpresent[1]
2 Vowels period
3 Other diacritics Parent
4 Places of articulation Proto-Sinaitic alphabet[a]
systems
4.1 Articulation of consonants
4.2 Consonant Conjuncts Phoenician alphabet[a]
4.3 Consonant + Vowel Ligatures Aramaic alphabet[a]
5 Numerals Brhm
6 Unicode
Bhattiprolu
7 See also
8 References script
9 External links Telugu
script

Sister
Derivation from Brahmi script systems
Kannada
Sinhala
The Brahmi script used by Mauryan kings eventually reached the Krishna River delta and would give rise Dhives akuru

to the Bhattiprolu script found on an urn purported to contain Lord Buddha's relics.[3][4] Buddhism spread Direction Left-to-right
to east Asia from the nearby ports of Ghantasala and Masulipatnam (ancient Maisolos of Ptolemy and ISO 15924 Telu, 340
Masalia of Periplus).[5] The Bhattiprolu Brahmi script evolved into the Telugu script by 5th century Unicode Telugu
C.E.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] alias
Unicode U+0C00U+0C7F
The Muslim historian and scholar Al-Biruni referred to both the Telugu language as well as its script as range
"Andhri".[13] [a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally
agreed upon.
Vowels
Telugu uses eighteen vowels, each of which has both an independent form and a diacritic form used with consonants to create syllables. The language makes a
distinction between short and long vowels.

Independent With (k) ISO IPA Independent With (k) ISO IPA

a /a/ /a/

i /i/ /i/

u /u/ /u/

r /ru/ r /ru/

l l

e /e/ /e/

ai /aj/ o /o/

/o/ au /aw/

The independent form is used when the vowel occurs at the beginning of a word or syllable, or is a complete syllable in itself (example: a, u, o). The diacritic form is
added to consonants (represented by the dotted circle) to form a consonant-vowel syllable (example: ka, kru, mo). does not have a diacritic form, because this vowel
is already inherent in all of the consonants. The other diacritic vowels are added to consonants to change their pronunciation to that of the vowel.

Examples:

+ () /ka/ + /i/ /ki/

/da/ + /u/ /du/

+( )

Character ISO IPA Character ISO IPA Character ISO IPA Character ISO IPA Character ISO IPA
k /k/ kh /k/ g // gh // //

c /t/ ch /t/ j /d/ jh /d/ //

// h // // h // //

t /t/ th /t/ d /d/ dh /d/ n /n/

p /p/ ph /p/ b /b/ bh /b/ m /m/

y /j/ r /r/ l /l/ v // //

// // s /s/ h /h/ //

Other diacritics
There are also several other diacritics used in the Telugu script. mutes the vowel of a consonant, so that only the consonant is pronounced. and nasalize the
vowels or syllables to which they are attached. adds a voiceless breath after the vowel or syllable it is attached to.

Character ISO Character ISO Character ISO Character ISO

a an a k

Examples:

+ [ka] + [] [k]

+ [ka] + [n] [kan ]

+ [ka] + [m] [ka]

+ [ka] + [h] [ka]

Places of articulation
The places of articulation (passive) are classified as five.

Kahya : Velar
Tlavya : Palatal
Mrdhanya : Retroflex
Dantya : Dental
shtya : Labial

Apart from that, other places are combinations of the above five places.

Dantsthya : Labio-dental (E.g.: v)

Kantatlavya : E.g.: Diphthong e
Kantsthya : labial-velar (E.g.: Diphthong o)

The places of articulation (active) are classified as three, they are

Jihvmlam : tongue root, for velar

Jihvmadhyam : tongue body, for palatal
Jihvgram : tip of tongue, for cerebral and dental
Adha : lower lip, for labial

The attempt of articulation of consonants(Uccraa Prayatnam) is of two types,

Bhya Prayatnam : External effort

Spa : Plosive
shat Spa : Approximant
shat Savta : Fricative

Abhyantara Prayatnam : Internal effort

Alpaprnam : Unaspirated
Mahprnam : Aspirated
vsa : Unvoiced
Ndam : Voiced

Articulation of consonants

Articulation of consonants will be a logical combination of components in the two prayatnams. The below table gives a view upon articulation of consonants.
 Telugu Vyanjana Ucchrana Pattika[14]
Kanthya Tlavya Mrdhanya Dantya shtya
Prayatna Niyamval Dantya
(jihvmlam) (jihvmadhyam) (jihvgram) (jihvgram) (adhsta)
Spara, vsa, Alpaprnam ka () ca () a () ta () pa ()

Spara, vsa, Mahprnam kha () cha () ha () tha () pha ()

Spara, Nda, Alpaprnam ga () ja () a () da () ba ()

Spara, Nda, Mahprnam gha () jha () ha () dha () bha ()

Spara, Ndam, Alpaprnam, a () a () a () na () ma ()

Anunsikam, Dravam, Avyhata
Antastha, Ndam, Alpapram, ra () la ()
ya () va ()
Drava, Avyhata (Lunthita) (Prvika)
man, vsa, Mahpram, Avyhata Visarga a () a () sa ()

shman, Ndam, Mahprnam, Avyhata ha ()

Consonant Conjuncts

The Telugu script has generally regular conjuncts, with trailing consonants taking a subjoined form, often losing the v-shaped headstroke. The following table shows
all two-consonant and one three-consonant conjunct, but individual conjuncts may differ between fonts.


Consonant + Vowel Ligatures

 No Vowel

Numerals

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
4 4 4 4 16 16 16 16

NOTE: , , and are used also for 164, 264, 364, 11024, etc. and , , and are also used for 1256, 2256, 3256, 14096, etc.[15]

Unicode
Telugu script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

The Unicode block for Telugu is U+0C00U+0C7F:

 Telugu[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

U+0C0x

U+0C1x

U+0C2x

U+0C3x

U+0C4x

U+0C5x

U+0C6x

U+0C7x
Notes

1.^ As of Unicode version 10.0

2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

In contrast to a syllabic script such as katakana, where one Unicode code point represents the glyph for one syllable, Telugu combines multiple code points to generate
the glyph for one syllable, using complex font rendering rules.[16][17]

See also
Telugu Braille

References
1. Campbell, George. "Concise Compendium of the World's Languages" (https://books.go 9. Indian Epigraphy by Dineschandra Sircar , Motilal Banarsidass, 1996, p.46,ISBN 81-
ogle.com/books?id=MiTfBQAAQBAJ&pg=136) . Retrieved 10 March 2017. 208-1166-6
2. "Telugu script details"(http://tdil.mit.gov.in/TelugulScriptDetailsApr02.pdf)(PDF). 10. The Dravidian Languages by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, 2003, Cambridge University
3. Antiquity of Telugu language and script: Press, pp.78-79, ISBN 0-521-77111-0
http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/20/stories/2007122054820600.htm 11. Comparative Dravidian linguistics: Current perspectives by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti.
4. Ananda Buddha Vihara (http://www.buddhavihara.in/ancient.htm) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.ISBN 0-19-824122-4
5. The Great Stupa at Nagarjunakonda in Southern India- 12. K. iRaghunath Bhat,http://ignca.gov.in/nl001809.htm
(ht 13. Al-biruni. English translation of 'Kitab-ul Hind'. New Delhi: National Book Trust.
tp://www.wuys.com/news/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=8303) 14. "Telugulo Chandovisheshaalu", Page 127 (In T elugu).
6. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems by Florian Coulmas, p. 228 15. Ngrjuna Venna. "Telugu Measures and Arithmetic Marks"(http://www.dkuug.dk/jtc
7. Vishwabharath by K. N. Murthy and G. U. Rao, 1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3156.pdf)(PDF). JTC1/SC2/WG2 N3156. International Organization
http://tdil.mit.gov.in/TelugulScriptDetailsApr02.pdf for Standardization. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
8. Indiain Epigraphy: a guide to the study of inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the 16. "Developing OpenType Fonts for Telugu Script" (http://www.microsoft.com/typograph
other Indo-Aryan languages, by Richard Solomon, Oxford University Press, 1998, y/OpenType%20Dev/telugu/intro.mspx).
p.40, ISBN 0-19-509984-2 17. "Unicode 4.0.0: South Asian Scripts"(http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/c
h09.pdf) (PDF).
9. Indian Epigraphy by Dineschandra Sircar
, Motilal Banarsidass, 1996, p.46,ISBN 81-
Wikimedia Commons has
External links media related to Telugu
script.
Ethnologue Languages of the World - Telugu
Microsoft - Telugu Input tool
OLAC resources in and about the Telugu language
Omniglot - Telugu script
Telugu Association Inc. Sydney Australia. Celebration of Telugu Culture in Sydney
Telugu Association of Australia Inc. Melbourne Australia. Celebration of Telugu Language, Literature and Culture in Victoria

Telugu to English Dictionary

Useful and authenticated information about Telugu

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telugu_script&oldid=785381758"

Categories: Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes Brahmic scripts Alphabets Scripts encoded in Unicode 1.0

This page was last edited on 13 June 2017, at 06:54.

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