Estudiante:

Curso: OE-0178

Comparative Chart

Reading Disabilities

Since reading is not something that comes

There are no areas of the brain that specialize naturally to humans it becomes quite a
in reading reading unlike spoken complex task for the brain to develop and go
language- has not emerged as a survival skill. through all the processes that its required to, to
be able to recognize, decode and give meaning
to a word.

By children utilizing this method and having

Phonological awareness is the recognition that
oral language con be divided into smaller
components, such as sentences into words,
words into syllables and, ultimately, into
individual phonemes.
this phonological awareness it gives them an
opportunity to truly understand what they are
reading. Because their brain is deconstructing
the word to understand those phonemes and
give them the correct sound that is belonging
to that word and there for can read it.

The level of difficulty a kid has in learning to

Languages that have a very close
correspondence between the letters and the
sounds they represent are known as shallow
orthography.
And the ones that have a poor correspondence
between how a word is pronounced and how it
is spelled are called deep orthography.
read will depend a lot on their native language,
because there are languages that have
completely different sounds depending on the
placement they have in a specific word, take
English for example that has the different
pronunciations for though, tough, through, etc.
even though they all have gh in them they will
be pronounced differently, and kids will have
a large difficulty in understanding this and
comprehending why it is that way.

As was mention in the reading, there will be a

lot of barriers that are going to present
themselves when a kid is learning to read. One
of the major barriers are presented to Hispanic
or African American children, since at home
they are spoken to in Spanish or it differs from
 the English that is taught in schools. There for
There are social and cultural causes of reading these children are having to struggle and juggle
problems. two completely different languages, which
causes teacher to believe they have a reading
impairment when in fact this isnt the case.
This is the reason why it is very important to
know the cultural background of students and
to dig a little deeper when it comes to teaching
a child to read, since there are many variables
that will affect this learning process.

Other factors asides from cultural and social

barriers must be considered when learning to
read, for example depending on how well
spoken a child is will determine his capability
to begin reading. So, if a kid has difficulties
Learning to read is closely connected to with pronunciation it is very likely he will have
fluency in spoken language. Difficulties that the same difficulties with decoding the sounds
children have with spoken language are often of the written words. Now it is common for
clues to potential reading problems. kids to mispronounce certain words or mess up
in certain sentences, but it becomes a problem
when this mispronunciation continues even
though he or she has been corrected multiple
times, that is why it is also important to keep
these factors in mind when a child is going to
be taught to read.

In the movie, the attention that should have

During the movie Stars on Earth we could
see these signs that have been mentioned. Like
the problems, the protagonist had in reading
when he was asked to because he presented
dyslexia and so the letters would dance before
his eyes.
been provided to the protagonist was not
provided in the best of times since he was
going to be made to repeat the grade because
he didnt have any passing grades, and the only
solution they found was to send him away to a
boarding school since they believed he only
lacked disciplinary actions, it was never
considered that he had a condition that was
causing him have such difficulty in reading.

Writing Disabilities

Learning to write consist of integrating two
components: the consolidation of mental functions
that select the content of the writing with the
physical act of moving a writing instrument across
a surface to form words.
Difficulties with writing can be environmental - too might not always be correctly written but it gets
little time was spent in the childs early years on close, which helps the child, however this should
practicing correct writing- or they can stem from be corrected throughout the time otherwise it be
deficits within one or more neural networks needed continued and will influence the writing of other
for legible and clear writing to occur.
Students are questioning the need to write well
because they have access to computers at an early
age and typing into a word processing program
seems much easier.
Six common traits of proficient writing:
- Ideas
- Organization
It is important to mention that writing and reading
should be taught hand in hand, since one process
compliments the other. Both involve eye
coordination as well as decoding of words and
comprehension of words, not to mention that when
writing we will sound out a word in our head and
write it as we sound it out, making us rely on our
knowledge of the phonemes that each word has.
Though with writing hand coordinating is a very
important factor and is one of the biggest
difficulties that is presented when beginning to
write.
When writing difficulties are presented most the
time it will come down to lack of practice or
incorrect teaching, when a child is small it is
common for them to sound out a word and write it
down as they hear it in their thoughts, now this
words, creating a snowball effect. These
difficulties can be corrected a little bit easier then
when it comes to neural networks deficits because
the root problem isnt with an incorrect word but
with the incapability in coordinating hand
movements.
This has been a widespread problem that is being
presented often, because children have access to a
computer or phone that corrects a word when
written incorrectly they dont think it necessary to
learn how to write that word cause the work is done
for them. So, when its time to do a test or any sort
of writing outside of electronics theyre writing
skills are abysmal, thus why it is important for them
to learn outside these methods and do it the old
fashion way, with a paper and pen.
This doesnt mean that we will stop utilizing
technology because it is something that is part of
society, but when used it should be used with
learning purposes and not as hacks to make life
easier.
These are traits that should be considered not only
when trying to learn to write but also when trying
to improve writing. By creating a map in your mind
of the order something should go in, it
 - Voice automatically becomes easy to transfer that from
- Word choice your brain into physical writing, it gives you a
- Sentence fluency guide to follow.
- Conventions

Throughout the movie, it is pointed out multiple

times, specially by his mother when she is helping
to do his homework, now even though the
In the movie Stars on Earth we could also see the
protagonist knew and understood words he was
difficulties previously stated, the protagonist by
unable to transfer that knowledge into writing but
lacking the ability to read and comprehend
because he did not have the phonological
phonemes, when it was time to write he was not
awareness needed. And as It was mentioned before
able to formulate the words correctly.
reading and writing are a process that go hand in
hand, and by him having dyslexia the writing
process was slowed down as well.

Bibliografia:
- Sousa, D (2001). Reading Disabilities. How the special needs brain learns. RFB&D